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20 results on '"Sauer, Jeffery"'

1. Characterizing patterns in police stops by race in Minneapolis from 2016-2021

Author

Onookome-Okome, Tuviere, Gorondensky, Jonah, Rose, Eric, Sauer, Jeffery, Lum, Kristian, and Moodie, Erica EM

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

The murder of George Floyd centered Minneapolis, Minnesota, in conversations on racial injustice in the US. We leverage open data from the Minneapolis Police Department to analyze individual, geographic, and temporal patterns in more than 170,000 police stops since 2016. We evaluate person and vehicle searches at the individual level by race using generalized estimating equations with neighborhood clustering, directly addressing neighborhood differences in police activity. Minneapolis exhibits clear patterns of disproportionate policing by race, wherein Black people are searched at higher rates compared to White people. Temporal visualizations indicate that police stops declined following the murder of George Floyd. This analysis provides contemporary evidence on the state of policing for a major metropolitan area in the United States.

Published
2022

8. Dieu dans la commune : religion and voting in the 2017 French election.

Author

Overos, Henry David and Sauer, Jeffery

Subjects
*RELIGION & politics, *RIGHT & left (Political science), *RELIGIOUS symbols, *ISLAMOPHOBIA, *VOTING research, *RIGHT-wing extremists, *CULTURAL nationalism, *RELIGIOUSNESS
Abstract

European political parties, particularly radical right parties (RRPs), increasingly use religious symbols during elections. Despite the prevalence of these symbols, evidence on the association between religion and far-right vote share is mixed. We compare two leading arguments explaining the relationship between religion and RRPs. We hypothesize that the number of religious buildings, identifiable as Islamic or Catholic, will be associated with higher RRP support. We test this as a most likely crucial case using results from the French 2017 presidential election. Controlling for other demographic factors, more Catholic buildings in a commune are associated with a decrease in votes for the Front Nationale (FN). An increase in the number of mosques in non-urban communes is associated with increased support for FN. We argue these findings are evidence that RRPs use religious symbolism to draw on nativist or anti-Islamic support rather than traditional religious support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. sj-docx-1-jas-10.1177_00219096231173390 – Supplemental material for Analyzing Multi-Lingual Discussions of the Standard Gauge Railway Project in Kenya Using Natural Language Processing and Social Media Analysis

Author

Sauer, Jeffery, Overos, Henry, Newlands, Juan, Morrison, Michelle, Stewart, Kathleen, and Wood, Tess

Subjects
FOS: Social and economic geography, 120505 Regional Analysis and Development
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jas-10.1177_00219096231173390 for Analyzing Multi-Lingual Discussions of the Standard Gauge Railway Project in Kenya Using Natural Language Processing and Social Media Analysis by Jeffery Sauer, Henry Overos, Juan Newlands, Michelle Morrison, Kathleen Stewart and Tess Wood in Journal of Asian and African Studies

Published
2023
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10. Protocol for 'A scoping review of geographic information science (GIScience) used to analyze the United States Opioid Overdose Crisis from 1999 to 2021'

Author

Sauer, Jeffery

Subjects
Scoping Review, Protocol, Geographic Information Science (GIScience), Opioid Overdose Crisis, GIS, United States
Abstract

This OSF repository contains a protocol for a scoping review on the role of geographic information science in the US Opioid Overdose Crisis. The research team includes Jeffery Sauer (UMD GEOG) and Dr. Kathleen Stewart (UMD GEOG).

Published
2022
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11. Supplemental materials for 'Spatial and temporal patterns in police stops by race in Minneapolis'

Author

Sauer, Jeffery

Abstract

This OSF repository contains all materials needed to replicate the findings presented in 'Spatial and temporal patterns in police stops by race in Minneapolis'. A list and explanation of each of the files is as follows: DATASETS - Police_Stop_Data.csv: raw police stop data downloaded from the Minneapolis Open Data portal downloaded in Spring 2021. Link to original dataset: https://opendata.minneapolismn.gov/datasets/police-stop-data/explore?showTable=true This dataset is processed in 1_GEO_DATA_PREP.R - HennepinCountyInt2017through2019Counts.gpkg: processed geospatial dataset that provides counts of police-citizen interactions at the Census Tract level from 2017 through 2019. This data is created in 1_GEO_DATA_PREP.R and visualized in 2_GEO_RATE_VIZ.R - MplsCleanedThrough2021.csv: a cleaned version of the raw police stop data that is used for regression modeling. This is used in GEE_Full_Analysis.R ANALYSIS SCRIPTS - 1_GEO_DATA_PREP.R: R script that intakes and processes the raw police stop data. Provides tabular counts found in the manuscript. - 2_GEO_RATE_VIZ.R: R script that intakes the .gpkg dataset to produce the spatio-temporal visualizations found in the manuscript. - 3_TEMPORAL_VIZ.R: R script that intakes MplsCleanedThrough2021.csv to produce the temporal visualization of police stops found in the manuscript. - GEE_Full_Analysis.R: R script that intakes MplsCleanedThrough2021.csv to produce the regression results found in the manuscript.

Published
2022
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12. THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF OPIOID-RELATED HEALTH OUTCOMES AND EXPOSURES IN THE UNITED STATES OPIOID OVERDOSE CRISIS

Author

Sauer, Jeffery Charles and Sauer, Jeffery Charles

Abstract

The United States continues to endure the Opioid Overdose Crisis. Yet the burden of the crisis is not experienced uniformly across the United States. The discipline of geography offers a framework and spatial analysis methodology that are direct ways to investigate placed-based differences in opioid-related outcomes, exposures, and proxy measures. This dissertation combines the contemporary frameworks of health geography and geographic information science to provide novel studies on both the geographic patterns in opioid-related health measures at different scales across the United States as well as the actual spatial analytic methods that provide evidence on the Opioid Overdose Crisis. Three main research objectives are addressed over the course of the dissertation: 1) Model the space-time risk of heroin-, methadone-, and cocaine-involved emergency department visits in the greater Baltimore metropolitan area from January 2016 to December 2019 at the Zip Code Tabulation Area-level; 2) Estimate the local and neighboring relationship between prescription opioid volume and treatment admissions involving a prescription opioid across the United States from 2006 to 2014 at the county-level; and 3) Investigate and provide a framework as to how geographic information science has been used to provide knowledge over the duration of the crisis from 1999 to 2021. The first study demonstrates how a recently proposed spatio-temporal Bayesian model can produce disease risk surfaces for opioid-related health outcomes in data constrained scenarios. The second study executes spatial lag of X models on a nationwide prescription opioid distribution dataset, allowing for estimates on the relationship between neighboring prescription opioid volume and nonfatal treatment admissions involving a prescription opioid at the county-level. The third and final study of the dissertation developed and implemented a scoping review methodology, ultimately analyzing the study design and geographical

Published
2022

15. The Importance of Null Hypotheses: Understanding Differences in Local Moran's Ii under Heteroskedasticity.

Author

Sauer, Jeffery, Oshan, Taylor, Rey, Sergio, and Wolf, Levi John

Subjects
*HETEROSCEDASTICITY, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *NULL hypothesis
Abstract

A recent review noted important differences in the results of the local Moran's Ii statistic depending on the inference method. These differences had significant practical implications. In closing, the authors speculated the differences may be due to local spatial heterogeneity. In this article, we propose that different null hypotheses, not heteroskedasticity, generate these differences. To test this, we examine the null hypotheses implicit in common statistical significance tests of local Moran's Ii. We design an experiment to assess the impact of local heterogeneity on tests conducted under the two most common null hypotheses. In this experiment, we analyze the relationship between measures of local variance, such as the local spatial heteroskedasticity (LOSH) statistic, and components of the local Moran's Ii statistic. We run this experiment with controlled synthetic heteroskedastic data and with uncontrolled real‐world data with varying degrees and patterns of local heteroskedasticity. We show that, in both situations, estimates that use the same null are extremely similar, regardless of estimation method. In contrast, all estimates (regardless of the null) are moderately affected by spatial heteroskedasticity. Ultimately, this article demonstrates that there are important conceptual and computational differences about null hypothesis in local testing frameworks, and these differences can have significant practical implications. Therefore, researchers must be aware as to how their choices may shape the observed spatial patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy: How a Government for the People, Failed the People

Author

Sauer, Jeffery Mark

Subjects
birth defects, mitochondrial replacement therapy, Congress, Science and Technology Law, Health Law and Policy, constitutional appropriations
Abstract

Despite having the potential to significantly reduce the passage of many lethal diseases and devastating birth defects, mitochondrial replacement therapy—a controversial medical procedure in which mitochondrial RNA from a healthy female replaces the mitochondrial RNA from the intended mother in vitro—will have no place in the United States anytime soon. Under the guise of purported safety concerns and ethical dilemmas, the Republican Congress used its “power of the purse” to halt any and all research furthering mitochondrial replacement therapy, notwithstanding the fact that many leaders in the medical community have advocated for further research. Several developed countries have already implemented limited applications of the procedure. However, as long as Congress continues to abuse its constitutional appropriations power in a manner inconsistent with the original intent of the framers, policies that can greatly benefit society as a whole will be sacrificed in the name of partisanship and narrow-mindedness.

Published
2018

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