Search

A modified path loss prediction model for deep fading area is presented and compared with standard indoor path loss model. An academician perspective, it may not be feasible to design a network for its maximum capacity & coverage under deep fading environment. The above facts reveals us to carry out real time analysis of network using advance set up and predict minimum detectable signal in deep fading area. In this paper, monitoring of signal at different frequency and power under deep fading condition is carried out to check and access the reality of signal variation. The temporal variation of signal is recorded continuously to check the minimum availability of signalfor mathematical analysis. The statistical analysis on recorded data provides large variation in standard deviation (13.16 to 17.25 dB) and the path loss exponent tends to a new value of 4.8. The received signal strength for LTE network goes beyond − 74 to − 103 dBm.Path loss at different frequency, power and distance is calculated using ITU model, Log Distance model and new model is proposed for fading area. The large variation in path loss (9 to 283 dB) for different networks is plotted for fading area under study.The improvement of signal strength was observed slightly by 10 dBm when base station antenna was down tilted by − 20. The change in signal strength after down tilting the antenna is also recorded and presented. Such small increment in signal strength may allow network to provide better connectivity in fading area with good quality of service (QoS).

Background:Hip flexor spasticity in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome of multiple etiologies has been managed with botulinum neurotoxin injections mainly targeting the “iliopsoas” muscle. A lumbar approach to target psoas major (PM) has been described; however, it has not been incorporated into clinical practice due to perceived risk of injury to surrounding structures. This study will investigate the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound-guided (UG)-PM injection using a lumbar approach by assessing the intra/extramuscular injectate spread in cadaveric specimens.Methods:In eight lightly embalmed specimens, toluidine blue dye/saline was injected into PM using a UG-posterior lumbar approach. The posterior abdominal wall was exposed, and dye spread and surrounding structures digitized and modeled in 3D. The area and vertebral level of dye spread, distance of dye to the inferior vena cava (IVC), and abdominal aorta (AA) and dye spread to adjacent organs were quantified.Results:The models enabled visualization of the dye spread in 3D. Mean area of dye spread was 24.4 ± 2.8 cm2; most commonly between L2 and L4 vertebral levels. Mean distance of the dye to AA was 3.2 ± 1.2 cm and to IVC was 1.8 ± 0.4 cm. Dye spread remained intramuscular in all but one specimen. No dye spread occurred to any adjacent organs.Conclusions:The injection of PM using the UG-posterior lumbar approach was consistent and without spread to surrounding structures. This technique alone or in addition to the anterior approach is expected to have better clinical outcomes in the treatment of hip flexor spasticity. Further clinical studies are required.

Nowadays, cyber crime is a serious problem in the world including banking industries wherein card cloning is the greatest concern. In various countries, banks are giving magnetic stripe card to their customers, which is not secure because card cloning of magnetic stripe card is very easy and cyber criminals can make cloned card easily using an electronic device known as skimmer. There is strong need to eliminate magnetic stripe cards from banking industries and issue chip based card to the bank customers so that their money can be secured in the banks. In this research, it is suggested that banks should use chip based card to fight against cyber fraud which happens using cloned card.

Background & Method: This was an observational study of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation conducted at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas. All 50 patients presenting to the outpatient/inpatient services of Department of Medicine and Cardiology with a diagnosis of non valvular atrial fibrillation, either chronic or paroxysmal. Result: During the course of study, 2 patients (2%) developed ischemic stroke, 12 (12%) patients were hospitalized for heart failure, 12 (12%) patients died and minor bleeding occurred in 3 (3%) patients while no patient had any major bleeding. Conclusion: No major bleeding complication occurred during study period. However, three episodes of minor bleeding occurred giving an event rate 2% per year. All the minor bleeding episodes occurred in patients taking combined warfarin and antiplatelet. Keywords: cardiovascular, non valvular atrial & fibrillation

Aim: to determine the efficacy and safety of betahistine in treating vertigo among patients at tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: the present open label interventional study was conducted on 50 patients of confirmed peripheral vertigo visited the department of ENT, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Patients received 48mg betahistine (16mg, TDS) for 21 days, and were followed up on day 0, 7 and 21. Safety and effectiveness were assessed based on clinical response (scale for vestibular vertigo severity level and clinical response evaluation (SVVSLCRE). Results: mean age of the study population was 42.16 years and majority of them were females. Betahistine was found to be effective at 16mg TDS, given up to 21days, by demonstrating a significant reduction in vertigo severity (p

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate hearing outcome in the pre- and post-operative after tympanoplasty Materials and Methods: The present observations study was conducted on 30 randomly selected patients visited the department of ENT, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Thirty cases of diagnosed chronic otitis media, aged above 18 years, with a demonstrable conductive deafness not more than 40 dB was included in the study. Results: The mean age of the patients is 32.16 ± 3.61 years. Female outnumbered male counterpart. Commonest presenting complaints was Otorrhoea (93.3%) followed by Hearing loss (86.7%), Vertigo (53.3%) and Tinnitus is found in (40.0%) of patients. The mean pre- and post-operative outcomes in terms Pure tone (p

Aim: to determine the incidence and clinic-demographic profile of patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery. Materials and Methods: this is a prospective study of 100 patients attending an outpatient department with laryngeal lesions evaluated irrespective of their age, sex, and occupation. Biopsy-confirmed malignant cases were excluded. Result: of the 100 patients, 84 of them exhibited benign lesions and rest 16 patients showed malignant pathology. Most commonly seen benign vocal lesion is vocal nodule (37.0%) followed by vocal polyp (28.0%). Along with hoarseness of voice, other symptoms reported were cough and throat pain, Dysphagia and fever. Improvement in symptoms was seen after the treatment. Conclusion: Microlaryngeal surgery is a good therapeutic tool in both benign and malignant lesions. The differentiation of benign from malignant lesions is vital. Microlaryngoscopic examination has proved to be the best modality for visualizing these lesions and arriving at a clinical diagnosis Keywords: Benign, Larynx, Voice change, Vocal nodule

Aim: to assess and compare the efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline irrigation with 0.9% normal saline and 0.5% diluted betadine saline irrigation. Materials and Methods: present prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 randomly selected patients confirmed of allergic rhinitis visited the department of ENT, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Patients were divided into three groups. The outcome between pre and post treatment was compared. Results: Females outnumber males. Within each group pre and post treatment showed statistical significant difference but between three groups no statistically significant difference is seen in outcome. Conclusion: reports outcome following nasal irrigation in all the three treatments was found statistically significant but between the treatments no statistically significant difference observed. Keywords: nasal irrigation, rhinitis, 3% hypertonic saline, 0.9% normal saline, 0.5% diluted betadine saline

Aim: The effect of intra-lesional corticosteroids in management of patients with OSMF. Materials and Methods: The present clinic-observational study was conducted among 100 diagnosed patients of OSMF who attended the OPD of Nalanda Medical College and Hospital Patna, Bihar, India. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Mean age of the study population was 29.12 years. Study shows a definite male predominance (74%). Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant improvement in the mouth opening and VAS. Conclusion: The present study concluded that dexamethasone (2 ml Decadron 4 mg/ml) injection and hyaluronidase 1500 IU with 2% lignocaine was administered, and there was significant improvement in mouth opening and VAS. Keywords: Dexamethason, Mouth Opening, OSMF, VAS

Objective To create a consensus statement on the considerations for treatment of anticoagulated patients with botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) intramuscular injections for limb spasticity. Design We used the Delphi method. Setting A multiquestion electronic survey. Participants Canadian physicians (N=39) who use BoNTA injections for spasticity management in their practice. Interventions After the survey was sent, there were e-mail discussions to facilitate an understanding of the issues underlying the responses. Consensus for each question was reached when agreement level was ≥75%. Main Outcome Measures Not applicable. Results When injecting BoNTA in anticoagulated patients: (1) BoNTA injections should not be withheld regardless of muscles injected; (2) a 25G or smaller size needle should be used when injecting into the deep leg compartment muscles; (3) international normalized ratio (INR) level should be ≤3.5 when injecting the deep leg compartment muscles; (4) if there are clinical concerns such as history of a fluctuating INR, recent bleeding, excessive or new bruising, then an INR value on the day of injection with point-of-care testing or within the preceding 2-3 days should be taken into consideration when injecting deep compartment muscles; (5) the concern regarding bleeding when using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) should be the same as with warfarin (when INR is in the therapeutic range); (6) the dose and scheduling of DOACs should not be altered for the purpose of minimizing the risk of bleeding prior to BoNTA injections. Conclusions These consensus statements provide a framework for physicians to consider when injecting BoNTA for spasticity in anticoagulated patients. These consensus statements are not strict guidelines or decision-making steps, but rather an effort to generate common understanding in the absence of evidence in the literature.

In this study, copper plates were welded using the microwave technique, and brass material was used as an interface. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the microwave parameters for maximum joint strength, which resulted in a value of 264 MPa in 350 s. The welding temperature was maintained at 1,100°C for maximum joint strength using a single microwave oscillator with a rated power of 890 W. A Hardness test was carried out, and the tested parameter was 79 BHN, which is a better result compared with traditional welding. The corrosion behavior of the copper welded joint was also observed to be an effect of brass when used as an interfacial material between the copper plates. Weight loss of the heat-affected zone in salt solution (5 % NaCl + 95 % water) after 96 hours was found to be zero. This result indicates that brass as a filler material also enhances the corrosion resistance of the welded joint.

Modern digital design techniques are based on globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) architecture which promises to combine the advantages of both synchronous and asynchronous design techniques. System on chip (SOC) based on GALS architecture is divided into many synchronous blocks where each synchronous blocks operate at its own clock. To establish, the communication between the blocks operating in different clock domains is challenging task due to synchronization failure. Therefore, it is desirable to design mixed-clock FIFO (First In First Out) as an interface between different clock domains. In this paper, we have designed an 8 × 32 mixed-clock FIFO which is able to interface two synchronous systems with independent clock frequencies. Our design is simulated using Xilinx 14.7 and modelsim14.4a. Dynamic power of mixed-clock FIFO is 5 mw when write clock and read clock frequencies are 100 MHz which is a most desirable power for an enhanced design. Delay of the design is 4.886 ns.

The capacity and coverage area are the two most important design considerations for the planning and optimisation of cellular networks. In this paper, we report on the field measurements of received signal strength (RSS) and available data transfer rate (DTR) at user end in a fixed WiMAX network operating at 2.62 GHz. The coverage area of the network under study covers both rural and urban sectors. Comprehensive measurements of RSS and available DTR are recorded for different settings of the base station antenna tilt and the height of customer premise equipment (CPE) antenna installed at the user premise. It is a directional antenna oriented towards the base station facilitating line of sight communication. It is interesting to observe that base station antenna down-tilt of 2° results in almost 100% fulfilment of the coverage and capacity requirements in rural sector of the network. Up-tilt of 1°, yields 97% fulfilment of the requirements in the entire cell area. These settings of the base station antenna tilt offers encouraging results for the optimisation of both capacity and coverage area and establishes that antenna tilt is an effective optimisation tool to achieve better utilisation of the network resources with enhanced quality of service.

This article represents the system performance and its operation stability of a fixed worldwide interoperability for microwave access network operating with point to multipoint technology. It provides broadband access in fixed locations for mixed environments in Greater Noida, UP, India. The Field measurement for its capacity and coverage are recorded simultaneously to optimize a network by raising customer premises equipment (CPE) antenna height. This process is not going to alter any technical parameters of a network. CPE antenna is a directional antenna facing towards base station to achieve optimum LOS reception. The net changes in RSS 10---17 dBm, DTR 512---1.8 Mbps, path loss exponent 0.5---0.9 and standard deviation of 1.2---2.3 were observed by raising CPE antenna height of 2---5 m above the prescribed height. The path loss exponents for different environments are obtained using least squares method based on measured data by MatLab statistics tool. Standard deviations of signal strength variability with distance are derived. Real coverage of a network is presented based upon path loss exponent and standard deviation. Our result suggest that, raising the height of CPE antenna can reduce transmitted power, there for reducing overall maintenance cost and system interference in future.

Field measurements of signal strength is one of the basic techniques for coverage determination of a cellular network. In this paper, we report on the experimental study of the signal strength measurements in a typical worldwide interoperability for microwave access network operating at 2.62 GHz installed for fixed wireless access in the district of Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experimental data are analyzed for deriving characteristic parameters of the radio propagation environment. The characteristic parameters include path loss exponent and standard deviation of shadow fading. Having derived the characteristic parameters, we propose path loss models for the cellular network. The study also aims at the determination of network coverage for the given system parameters. Results and their analysis are utilized for network planning and optimization of the system parameters for the installed cellular network.

[RETRACTED]

In this paper, a 3-D crossbar switch is designed for 3-D mesh Network-on-Chip to meet the current requirements of smaller area, power efficiency and high speed. To increase the overall data transfer rate of the network, the number of ports are added in 3-D crossbar switch and found that it has been working at the same power as the 2-D crossbar switch (with lesser ports). The functional verification of the crossbar switch design has been done on ModelSim6.4a. Xilinx13.3 has been used for synthesis. Also, FPGA verification of the proposed design has been done.

Network-on-Chip is an emerging paradigm for integrating very high number of Intellectual Property blocks on a single Integrated Chip. In this paper, crossbar switch is designed for 2-D Mesh Network-on-Chip to meet the current requirements of high speed networks. The design reduced the power consumption significantly and can meet the scalable bandwidth. The functional verification of the crossbar switch design using ModelSim 6.4a has been shown. Synthesis has been performed on Xilinx 13.3 and it is verified using FPGA.

The efficacy and safety of nebulized levalbuterol in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was evaluated in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel design study. Randomized subjects (n = 209) received levalbuterol (LEV) 0.63 mg or 1.25 mg, racemic albuterol (RAC) 2.5 mg, or placebo (PBO) TID for 6 weeks. Serial spirometry was completed in-clinic after study drug alone (weeks 0, 2, and 6) or in combination with ipratropium bromide 0.5 mg (week 4). The primary endpoint was the averaged FEV1 AUC(0-8 hrs) over weeks 0, 2 and 6 compared with placebo. Other endpoints included rescue medication use, safety parameters, COPD exacerbations, and global evaluations. All active treatments demonstrated improvements in the percent change in FEV1 AUC(0-8 hrs) over the double-blind period and at each visit vs PBO (p0.05). Rescue medication use vs. baseline (doses/day) changed over time: PBO +0.38 +/- 3.3; LEV 0.63 mg +0.07 +/- 3.3; LEV 1.25 mg -0.84 +/- 3.8 (p = 0.02 vs. RAC); RAC +0.97 +/- 2.5. The overall rate of adverse events was PBO 56.4%, LEV 0.63 mg 56.6%, LEV 1.25 mg 67.3%, and RAC 65.4%. Protocol-defined COPD exacerbations occurred in all groups (PBO 12.7%, LEV 0.63 mg 11.3%; LEV 1.25 mg 18.4%; RAC 21.2%). Withdrawals due to COPD exacerbations were significantly higher in the RAC group compared with PBO (PBO 0%; LEV 0.63 mg 1.9%; LEV 1.25 mg 4.1%; RAC 9.6% p = 0.01 vs. PBO). In this study, levalbuterol treatment in subjects with COPD was generally well tolerated, produced significant bronchodilation compared with PBO, and improved clinical control of COPD as evidenced by reductions in rescue medication use compared with PBO and/or RAC.

Objective: Evaluate changes in active and passive function with onabotulinumtoxinA + standard of care within goaloriented rehabilitation programmes in adults with focal post-stroke spasticity. Methods: Prospective, 24-week double-blind study with an open-label extension. Subjects were randomized to onabotulinumtoxinA + standard of care or placebo + standard of care, at baseline and at 12 weeks, if judged appropriate, with follow-up to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the number of patients achieving their principal active functional goal at 24 weeks (or 10 weeks after an optional second injection). Secondary endpoints included achievement of a different active or a passive goal at this timepoint. Results: The intent-to-treat population comprised 273 patients. The proportion of patients achieving their principal active functional goal and secondary active functional goal with onabotulinumtoxinA + standard of care was not statistically different from placebo + standard of care. Significantly more patients achieved their secondary passive goal with onabotulinumtoxinA + standard of care (60.0%) vs. placebo + standard of care (38.6%) (odds ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–5.14) as well as higher Goal Attainment Scaling levels for upper limb and ankle flexor subgroups. Conclusions: Addition of onabotulinumtoxinA to standard of care as part of goal-oriented rehabilitation in poststroke spasticity patients significantly increased passive goal achievement and was associated with higher levels of active function.

In anaphylactic shock (AS), the relative effects of the autacoids including histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes on causing cardiovascular collapse and the extent to which receptor blocking agents and pathway inhibitors may prevent this collapse are not clear. In a ragweed model of anaphylaxis, we examined whether pretreatment with H1, H2, H3 receptor blockers, and cyclooxygenase and leukotriene pathway inhibitors was useful in preventing the depression in left ventricular (LV) contractility known to occur in this model. The dose of allergen was varied to produce similar degrees of shock between treatments. The animals were studied under pentobarbital anesthesia in which the treatment studies were approximately 3 wk apart. LV volumes were measured by sonomicrometric techniques. During challenge, mean arterial blood pressure (Pa), cardiac output (Q), and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased approximately 50% compared with preshock values in all treatments. Histamine H3 receptor blockade was associated with higher heart rates (HR) and higher stroke work (SW) (p0.05) as compared with the other treatment studies. We conclude that histamine H3 activation by inhibiting adrenergic neural norepinephrine release contributes to cardiovascular collapse in AS.

This paper analyzes 1078 India's publications on suicide research during 10 years, i.e., 2005-2014, as indexed in Scopus International Multidisciplinary Database. The study focuses on the various aspects of performance of India's suicide research, such as the publication growth, citation impact, international collaboration, subject-wise distribution of publications, contribution and citation impact of Indian organizations and authors, medium of communication, and characteristics of its high-cited papers. This study reveals that India's research output on suicides research witnessed an annual average growth rate of 10.49%, registered an average citation impact per paper of 9.75, and a share of 16.23% of international collaborative publications. India's global publication and share to world suicide research was 2.47% during 1999-2014. Medicine contributed the largest publication share of 84.32%, followed by pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics and social sciences (19.94%), environment science (9.37%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (8.35% share), psychology (7.05% share), neuroscience (4.36% share), economics, econometrics, and finance (2.23% share), and immunology and microbiology (1.95% share) during 2005-2014. About 294 organizations and 356 authors participated in 1078 Indian papers in suicide research, of which the top 15 most productive Indian organizations and authors together contributed 36.18% and 17.44% publications share and 49.58% and 56.06% citation share to the India's publications and citation output on suicide research during 2005-2014. This study also suggests the need for taking up of measures at population, sub-population, and individual levels to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. Suicide is a complex issue and therefore suicide prevention efforts require coordination and collaboration among multiple sectors of society. Language: en

We report two cases of inverted papilloma of nose with malignant transformation and orbital involvement in 60 year and 73 year male patients from Nepal. Medial maxillectomy and orbital exenteration were done in both cases. Histo- pathological examination showed areas of squamous cell carcinoma in inverted papilloma in both of the cases.The dilemma of diagnosis and treatment is discussed with review of literature.

In recent years stem cell has come up as a great advance in therapy for a number of illnesses and has potential for revolutionising the medical field. Right from myelodysplastic syndrome to amyloidosis it has been tried. The present review is a modest endeavour to acquaintain in brief about current status of stem cells.

Aneurysmal hone cyst is rare in paranasal sinuses. It may be uni or multilocutar It occurs alone or with other benign bone lesions. The exact pathogenesis of it is still unknown. The aggressiveness of the disease needs early diagnosis and proper management to prevent recurrence. This report describes a case of aneurysmal bone cyst involving the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses which was successfully managed.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterised by lung inflammation with severe hypoxia, which usually develops over 4-48 hours and persists for days or weeks. The main causes of ARDS are infections, aspiration of gastric contents, and trauma. Between a third and a half of people with ARDS die from the disease, but mortality depends on the underlying cause. Some survivors have long-term respiratory or cognitive problems.We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of interventions in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to August 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).We found 21 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria.In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: corticosteroids, low tidal volume mechanical ventilation, nitric oxide, prone position, and protective ventilation.

The paper analyses 2339 research papers appearing in 330 journals covered in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, India (1983) on the basis of their broad subject fields such as agronomy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical research; their country of origin; plant genera and their species; and by type of investigation. Under each of the broad subject fields and major genera, an attempt has been made to identify the nature and focus of research in different countries through minimal level content analysis. Special focus of the paper has been the analysis of Indian publication output.