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Hybrid-logic implementation is highly suitable in the design of a full adder circuit to attain high-speed low-power consumption, which helps to design n any high speed ALUs that can be used in varies processors and applicable for high speed IoT- Application. XOR/XNOR-cell, Hybrid Full Adder (HFA) are the fundamental building block to perform any arithmetic operation. In this paper, different types of high-speed, low-power 6T-XOR/XNOR-cell designs are being proposed and simulated results are presented. The proposed HFA is simulated using a cadence virtuoso environment in a 45nm technology with supply voltage as 0.8V at 1GHz. The proposed HFA consumes a power of 1.555uw, and the delay is 36.692ns. Layout designs are drawn for both 6T-XOR/XNOR-cell, and 1- bit HFA designs. XOR/XNOR-cells are designed based on the combination of normal CMOS-inverter and Pass Transistor Logic (PTL). Which is used in the design of high end device processors such as ALU that can be implemented for the IoT- design applications?

This paper presents a low-voltage high-gain wideband three-stage true-class-AB amplifier. This is realized in the 0.18 μm CMOS process. The three-stage class-AB amplifier is proposed based on a compensation topology called nested Miller compensation along with a memristor to get pole-zero cancellation, which arises beyond the unity gain frequency. The circuit is implemented without the need for extra components as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, thus saving the complexity of the circuit and power consumption. The circuit is designed to operate with a supply voltage of ±1 V along with a bias current of 175 μA. The simulation results indicate that this proposed amplifier is capable of driving wide range of resistive and capacitive loads, furthermore capable of maintaining a phase margin of more than 60°. The total compensation capacitor is 2 pF, which is much lesser as compared to pseudo- and true-class AB amplifier, which implies a reduction in area. Simulation results show that the unity gain frequency of the proposed class-AB amplifier is 136.7 MHz, which is much higher as compared to the counterpart topologies. The major advantage associated with this work is a very high bandwidth attained without affecting the gain of the amplifier.

Memristor technology has grown at a breakneck pace over the last decade, with the promise to transform data processing and storage. A memristor is a non-linear electrical component with two terminals that connects electric charge and magnetic flux. The ability to store and process data in the same physical location is a fundamental benefit of memristors over traditional electrical components. It has a unique feature in that its resistance may be preset (resistor function) and then saved (memory function). Memristors, unlike other types of memory used in modern electronics, are stable and retain their state even if the device is turned off. In this work, a new highly accurate asymmetrical memristor is proposed for highly efficient analog applications. The proposed work used 5 Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices in a parallel and series-connected manner. A bypass transistor is used to control the current flow between two terminals to perform a stable operation. A differential amplifier circuit is used to validate the proposed memristor performance. The proposed work is implemented using TSMC 45nm CMOS technology. This application consumes less power and has good performance when compared with conventional techniques. In this work, a 1V power supply occupies a 67.5 µm2 layout area. The experimental results are improved when compared with the existing circuit.

The completeness of oil goods activates the barriers of lack of goods, inequality in the society, and surroundings impoverishment. Avoiding their use overnight and switching to clean electric motors are a challenge. Under all these conditions, researchers can launch their research on alternative fuels for a preeminent solution. Oxygenated fuel additives and thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications are essential to decrease the emission levels of exhaust and improve the performance of the vehicle. The main objective of this research is to analyze the performance of the ceramic-coated diesel engine. The ceramic particles use polymer coating to enhance the functionality and durability. Optimum outcomes are determined using Taguchi method. The impacts of various casting parameters of composites have been examined in detail. PSO-GA (Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm) is utilized to analyze the performance. Using an artificial neural network (ANN), the performance of diesel engine is examined to reduce time, cost, and experimental repetition. Thus, by using the artificial intelligence, the performance of the ceramic-coated diesel engine is analyzed and the polymeric substance and condition in coating ceramic engine is discussed.

Introduction: Intrinsic resistive switching properties of Pt/TiO2-x/TiO2/Pt crossbar memory array has been examined using the crossbar (4×4) arrays fabricated by using DC/RF sputtering under specific conditions at room temperature. Materials and Methods: The growth of filament is envisaged from bottom electrode (BE) towards the top electrode (TE) by forming conducting nano-filaments across TiO2/TiO2-x bilayer stack. Non-linear pinched hysteresis curve (a signature of memristor) is evident from I-V plot measured using Pt/TiO2-x /TiO2/Pt bilayer device (a single cell amongst the 4×4 array is used). It is found that the observed I-V profile shows two distinguishable regions of switching symmetrically in both SET and RESET cycle. Distinguishable potential profiles are evident from I-V curve; in which region-1 relates to the electroformation prior to switching and region-2 shows the switching to ON state (LRS). It is observed that upon reversing the polarity, bipolar switching (set and reset) is evident from the facile symmetric pinched hysteresis profile. Obtaining such a facile switching is attributed to the desired composition of Titania layers i.e. the rutile TiO2 (stoichiometric) as the first layer obtained via controlled post annealing (650oC/1h) process onto which TiO2-x (anatase) is formed (350oC/1h). Results: These controlled processes adapted during the fabrication step help manipulate the desired potential barrier between metal (Pt) and TiO2 interface. Interestingly, this controlled process variation is found to be crucial for measuring the switching characteristics expected in Titania based memristor. In order to ensure the formation of rutile and anatase phases, XPS, XRD and HRSEM analyses have been carried out. Conclusion: Finally, the reliability of bilayer memristive structure is investigated by monitoring the retention (104 s) and endurance tests which ensured the reproducibility over 10,000 cycles.

Solar energy conversion efficiency has improved by the advancement technology of photovoltaic (PV) and the involvement of administrations worldwide. However, environmental conditions influence PV power output, resulting in randomness and intermittency. These characteristics may be harmful to the power scheme. As a conclusion, precise and timely power forecast information is essential for the power networks to engage solar energy. To lessen the negative impact of PV electricity usage, the offered short-term solar photovoltaic (PV) power estimate design is based on an online sequential extreme learning machine with a forgetting mechanism (FOS-ELM) under this study. This approach can replace existing knowledge with new information on a continuous basis. The variance of model uncertainty is computed in the first stage by using a learning algorithm to provide predictable PV power estimations. Stage two entails creating a one-of-a-kind PI based on cost function to enhance the ELM limitations and quantify noise uncertainty in respect of variance. As per findings, this approach does have the benefits of short training duration and better reliability. This technique can assist the energy dispatching unit list producing strategies while also providing temporal and spatial compensation and integrated power regulation, which are crucial for the stability and security of energy systems and also their continuous optimization.

Over the past few years, natural fiber composites have been a strategy of rapid growth. The computational methods have become a significant tool for many researchers to design and analyze the mechanical properties of these composites. The mechanical properties such as rigidity, effects, bending, and tensile testing are carried out on natural fiber composites. The natural fiber composites were modeled by using some of the computation techniques. The developed convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to accurately predict the mechanical properties of these composites. The ground-truth information is used for the training process attained from the finite element analyses below the plane stress statement. After completion of the training process, the developed design is authorized using the invisible data through the training. The optimum microstructural model is identified by a developed model embedded with a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer. The optimizer converges to conformations with highly enhanced properties. The GA optimizer is used to improve the mechanical properties to have the soft elements in the area adjacent to the tip of the crack.

The automobile instrument is the indispensable item that is essential to keep the driver conversant of the process of the engineer and the other system. There are different parameters involved in the automobile instrument, which requires a different process involved in creating the automobile parameter. This research is designed to show the simulation development of injection molding and optimization of automobile instrument parameters using different optimization techniques. In this paper, Taguchi Orthogonal parameter design and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to measure the shrinkage volume rate and warpage amount rate. Most of the studies are designed to calculate the reduction and warpage for the gate location and glass material. The Taguchi orthogonal design contains five different parameters which are inversely proportional to each other. Hence, by optimizing those parameters, the injection molding procedure is passed out. In this research, the paper is designed to process the injection molding for the automobile instrument parameter using optimization techniques.

Nanoparticles are said to be active particles which are entrapped in the surface of the polymeric core. Since nanoparticles were used in medical and biotechnological fields, there is a great demand in the preparation of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are prepared from different substances; mainly, polymer material is used in the field of preparing nanomaterials. There are different methods involved in the preparation of nanoparticles from the polymer. Various experiments and research studies were carried out on the basic preparation of nanoparticles. Emulsion polymerization could be used to make polymeric nanoparticles with a high solid concentration without the need of surfactants. To make carboxylate polystyrene beads or amidine polystyrene nanoparticles, polymeric nanocolloids containing surface functional groups were produced. In this research, the preparation of nanoparticles from emulsion polymerization is represented along with the size and distribution material.

Employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we demonstrate a novel approach towards characterizing the switching behavior of nano-ionic memristor, M/TiO2−x/TiO2/M where M = Au, fabricated using combined RF/DC magnetron sputtering techniques. The non-linear resistive switching behavior of the device has been investigated using a constant potential sweep technique to observe I-V switching profile (a pinched hysteresis loop) in which ex-situ impedance response has been measured by interrupting the potential sweep (mV s−1) over different distinct regimes (pristine device, SET and after zero-crossing). Accordingly, the obtained EIS spectra are corroborated with oxide circuit model and the corresponding numerical fittings of the impedance response reveals distinct RC frequency domains as exemplified in the equivalent circuit models obtained using the simulated impedance response and attributed to the interfacial barrier between the stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric TiO2 respectively. It is evident that the device shows various functional features as memory element owing to the transport of mobile charges in TiO2−x when the bias potential (V) is applied across the device. It is revealed that EIS studies render a new insight into much acclaimed formation and annihilation of nanofilament like dendrites (magneli phase of titania, TinO2n−1) which are found to be responsible for the change of switching states between low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS) respectively. In order to validate the memory retention and endurance characteristics, the reproducible resistive switching is found to occur consistently over 104 s and the device endurance has been verified by toggling between HRS and LRS over 1000 cycles.

A 30-year-old non-diabetic, normotensive male presented to our outpatient department with intermittent left-sided chest pain that had bothered him for the last 3 years [...]

Tubercular splenic abscess is rare, particularly in immunocompetent patients. Diagnostic difficulties usually arise in patients with tubercular splenic abscess because of its non-specific presentation. We report an elderly male who presented with cough and fever and had pulmonary infiltrates suspicious of tuberculosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage microbiology including XpertMTB/Rif assay was non-contributory. Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan of abdomen revealed multiple non-enhancing lesions in the spleen. Ultrasound guided splenic aspirate revealed pus that was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in XpertMTB/Rif assay confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

An 18-year-old housewife presented with a 6 cm × 4 cm specimen of greenish white material (Figure 1A) which she had expectorated after an episode of violent coughing [...]

Investigation has been done of bipolar resistive switching mechanism of Pt/Nb2O5/Pt and Bare conductive paint (BCP)/ Nb2O5/Pt memristive devices with orthorhombic phase prepared by e-beam evaporation method. The device exhibits reproducible switching with a ratio of (Roff/Ron) of 20 or higher which is good enough in read out for practical memory devices. The device exhibits reversible switching and better consistency during the switching from a high resistance state to a low resistance state and vice versa under a low operational voltage (

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer common driver mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are usually mutually exclusive. This study aimed to elucidate the concurrence of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement in eastern India patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma and assess the response of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy after 6 months in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 198 adenocarcinomas for EGFR and ALK mutations. EGFR and ALK tests were done by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques, respectively. Radiological response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1). Results: EGFR/ALK co-alteration was found in 4 adenocarcinoma patients. All were males with advanced disease. Younger patients had exon 19 deletion whereas older ones showed exon 21 mutation. The initial option of ALK-TKI in all four patients was excluded straightaway due to the high-cost burden of ALK-TKI. Two of them showed a partial response while other two had stable disease after 6 months of EGFR TKI therapy. Conclusion: EGFR/ALK co-alterations in adenocarcinomas albeit rare do exist. The challenge of monetary hurdle in developing countries with ALK TKI therapy can be handled by giving only EGFR TKI in these cases of concomitant mutations. Future perspective in research could be finding an agent with the potential of dual inhibition of ALK and EGFR.

Nano-ionic devices based on modest to fast ion conductors as active materials intrigued a revolution in the field of nano solid state resistive memories (the so-called Re-RAM) ever since HP labs unveiled the first solid state memristor device based on titanium dioxide (TiO2). This has brought impetus to the practical implementation of fourth missing element called “Memristor” correlating charge (q) and flux (φ) based on the conceptual thought by Chua in 1971 completing a missing gap between the passive electronic components (R, C and L). It depicts various functional features as memory element in terms of ionic charge transport in solid state by virtue of external electric flux variations. Consequently, a new avenue has been found by manipulating the ionic charge carriers creating a fast switching resistive random access memory (Re-RAM) or the so-called Memristors. The recent research has led to low power, faster switching speed, high endurance and high retention time devices that can be scaled down the order of few nanometers dimension and the 3D stacking is employed that significantly reduces the die area. This review is organized to provide the progress hitherto accomplished in the materials arena to make memristor devices with respect to current research attempts, different stack structures of ReRAM cells using various materials as well as the application of memristive system. Different synthesis approaches to make nano-ionic conducting metal oxides, the fabrication methods for ReRAM cells and its memory performance are reviewed comprehensively.

A 52-year-old male smoker presented with a 2-month history of progressive breathlessness and weight loss. He denied having cough, wheeze, hemoptysis or fever. Although tachypneic (rate 26/min), he was maintaining saturation of 97% breathing room air. Chest radiograph showed multiple bilateral patchy nodular opacities with left-sided pleural effusion. Xpert MTB/Rif assay of induced sputum was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Pleural fluid was exudative, predominantly lymphocytic (90%) and devoid of malignant cells. Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) was 28 IU/L. Thoracic CT scan showed multiple nodules predominantly non-cavitating, with confluent alveolar fluffy opacities distributed in both lung fields. Left-sided pleural effusion with some pleural nodularity was also evident (figure 1). Bronchoscopy ruled out the presence of any endobronchial lesion; subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sent for bacterial and fungal cultures turned …

A 39-year-old never smoker male with a 3-month history of progressive dyspnea was found to have a heterogeneously enhancing right lung mass with multiple [...]