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Freedom of association is one of the most important human rights of human beings, which also plays a serious role in the demand and realization of other human rights. In many cases, these rallies are held to protest participants against the government's policies. The peaceful holding of rallies and the important role played by the police and other security forces in securing them are among the important issues that need to be addressed. In some cases, some participants in peaceful rallies may resort to violence and the police may be forced to use force to maintain order and security. The fundamental question of this article is what are the powers and obligations of governments, especially in the use of force to control peaceful assembly? The research method of this research is analytical-descriptive and the method of collecting information is library. The results of this study show that Iran's domestic regulations are generally in line with human rights standards, but in some cases, there is a conflict between these regulations. In Law on the Use of Weapons by Armed Forces Officers, the police appear to use weapons to control illegal assemblies if other means are not effective, but in the human rights system, police can use force only in cases of legitimate self-defense.

Abstract Vesicular transport is essential for delivering cargo to intracellular destinations. Evi5 is a Rab11-GTPase-activating protein involved in endosome recycling. In humans, Evi5 is a high-risk locus for multiple sclerosis, a debilitating disease that also presents with excess iron in the CNS. In insects, the prothoracic gland (PG) requires entry of extracellular iron to synthesize steroidogenic enzyme cofactors. The mechanism of peripheral iron uptake in insect cells remains controversial. We show that Evi5-depletion in the Drosophila PG affected vesicle morphology and density, blocked endosome recycling and impaired trafficking of transferrin-1, thus disrupting heme synthesis due to reduced cellular iron concentrations. We show that ferritin delivers iron to the PG as well, and interacts physically with Evi5. Further, ferritin-injection rescued developmental delays associated with Evi5-depletion. To summarize, our findings show that Evi5 is critical for intracellular iron trafficking via transferrin-1 and ferritin, and implicate altered iron homeostasis in the etiology of multiple sclerosis.

Precipitation is hard to access in countries like Iran, due to inadequate number of rain gauge stations. Remote sensing provides an alternative source of rainfall estimation. In this study, the effectiveness of the HEC-HMS model was evaluated using GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement Mission) satellite and rain gauge station data. The model was calibrated and validated using 5 flood events' data of a hydrometric station at the outlet of Bashar basin. Important flood parameters including peak discharge (QP), flood volume (V) and time of concentration (TC) were used to evaluate and compare the application of satellite and ground station data in the model, using various statistical indices. The accuracy of QP and V estimations using rain gauge data was higher than those obtained by satellite data. However, the difference between mean relative error (MRE) in QP estimation was about 1% (9.9% and 10.6% for rain gauge and satellite data, respectively). Conversely, higher accuracies were met for TC estimation using satellite (with MRE 9.1% and 10.2% for GPM and rain gauge data, respectively). Such results imply the sole utilization of satellite precipitation data is reliable for modeling hydrological key parameters, which can be helpful in areas with limited ground station coverage. HIGHLIGHTS Remote sensing has been evaluated as an alternative source to provide precipitation data.; More accurate estimations of peak discharge and flood volume were made using rain gauge data compared to those obtained by satellite data.; Satellite data could be used to predict flood characteristics.; The performance of IMERG rainfall estimates was found to be variable with seasons.; The results showed that IMERG data perform better than TMPA data in heavy rainfall areas.;

Effective strategies are required to save electricity consumption, which is used to power appliances providing thermal comfort for individuals. Because of climate change and severe hot or cold conditions, cooling and heating loads will increase significantly. Consequently, residents suffer from thermal discomfort, and they will try to find a solution for this issue. the most conventional method is employing heating and air conditioning appliances, but these devices consume significant amounts of electricity, which means that the economic and environmental costs are more expensive. Therefore, the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) as thermal energy storage (TES) has attracted the attention of researchers, environmental and governmental foundations, and construction companies because of the ability of PCMs to store significant amounts of energy. This article investigates the incorporation of PCMs with construction materials and explores experimental and numerical methods used to assess the thermal performance of construction materials combined with PCMs. The objectives of this study are to provide information to policymakers, researchers, and construction companies about PCM integrations with construction materials and their influence on the environmental and economic performance of buildings.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem that requires innovative therapeutic approaches and strategies for administering antibiotics. One promising approach is combination therapy, in which two or more drugs are combined to combat an infection. Along this line, the combination of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with conventional antibiotics has gained attention mainly due to the complementary mechanisms of action of AMPs and conventional antibiotics. In this article, we review both in vitro and in vivo studies that explore the synergy between AMPs and antibiotics. We highlight several mechanisms through which synergy is observed in in vitro experiments, including increasing membrane permeability, disrupting biofilms, directly potentiating antibiotic efficacy, and inhibiting resistance development. Moreover, in vivo studies reveal additional mechanisms such as enhanced/modulated immune responses, reduced inflammation, and improved tissue regeneration. Together, the current literature demonstrates that AMP-antibiotic combinations can substantially enhance efficacy of antibiotic therapies, including therapies against resistant bacteria, which represents a valuable enhancement to current antimicrobial strategies.

Exploitation of natural resources such as oil and gas fields, coal and water basins are very important in the economic growth of countries. The importance of this issue for countries, especially the common natural resources, is twofold. Exploitation of common resources between countries is of particular importance due to its special role in economic growth, increasing stability, reducing political tensions and promoting cooperation between countries. This study focuses on modeling the exploitation of common natural resources through the design of a static game between two countries. The modeling performed addresses the effect of each country's share of the common resource and the impact of sanctions on the benefits obtained by both parties, using a mathematical approach. The results showed that the adoption of cooperation policy by each country depends on the share of each country and the level of sanctions imposed on the interested parties. In general, each country only adopts the policy of cooperation in the exploitation of common resources if the level of sanctions imposed against the other party is low and insignificant. In other words, increasing the level of sanctions drives countries towards adopting a non-cooperative policy.

Society's demands for plastic materials continue to increase, but their impact on the environment cannot be denied due to the long decomposition periods. The destination for plastic waste is mostly in landfills. In the case of Indonesia, the Makassar landfill, the largest landfill in the eastern region of Indonesia, has exceeded its capacity and is currently mixed and buried without treatment (open dumping). The main aim of this study is to identify potential plastic waste buried in the landfill. Sampling was conducted at three landfill locations: Location 1 is a non-active landfill zone that is no longer used, and locations 2 and 3 are active landfill zones that are still in operational use. The sampling method uses a Hydraulic Rotary Drilling Spindle, with a drilling depth of 0-18 meters for location 1, 0-17 meters for location 2, and 0-13 meters for location 3. The research results show that at location 1, plastic waste contributes to approximately 31% of the total waste in this old landfill zone, including plastic bags and beverage bottles. Meanwhile, at location 2, approximately 22% of plastic waste was found, and at location 3, about 14%. Testing the calorific value of plastic waste gave an average of 29,862 MJ/ton. The plastic waste found in these landfills has the potential to be recycled but requires intensive cleaning processes. Furthermore, this plastic waste can also be utilized as an energy source due to its relatively high calorific value.

Latent thermal energy storage systems are widely utilized to match the inequality between heat supply and demand. Despite these systems' wide range of uses in various applications, their high potential is limited by the slow charging rate. The target of this study is to augment the thermal performance of paraffin-based on triplex tube heat storage by dispersion of two different types of conductive mono nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO) and hybrid Nano additives of various volume fractions (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2%) into paraffin wax. The experimental work involves measurements and preparation of the considered Nano-PCM. The enthalpy porosity model and finite volume method simulated the melting process. The study also investigated the temperature and liquid fraction variations in the axial, radial, and angular directions throughout melting to aid in predicting heat transfer in the storage throughout the phase transition process of PCM. Results revealed that including 1.6% of hybrid nanoparticles in PCM can increase the stored energy by 5.97%. The results also indicated that the hybrid nano-PCM exhibits the best phase transition rate and energy recovery for all volume fractions compared to mono-nano-PCM. At 1.6% volume fraction, the storage efficiency can be improved up to 76.8%, 75.5%, and 73.63% for hybrid nano-PCM, Al2O3-PCM, and CuO-PCM, respectively.

Background: Mothers are more responsible for raising their children and are usually the main caregivers of disabled children. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on depression, mental rumination, and social avoidance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Ilam City, Iran in 2022. The sample size included 40 mothers who were referred to occupational therapy centers from the mentioned population who were selected by convenient sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Behavioral activation therapy was given to the experimental group for 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. Data were collected using the Beck depression inventory-second edition (BDI-II), rumination questionnaire, and social phobia questionnaire in two stages before the intervention and after the intervention. In this research, covariance analysis was used to analyze data. Results: The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that behavioral activation therapy has a significant effect on reducing symptoms of depression (P≤0.001), rumination (P≤0.001), and social avoidance and its components (P0.05). Conclusion: Behavioral activation therapy has a positive and significant effect at the 0.05 level in improving depression symptoms and reducing rumination and social avoidance in the subjects of the present study. This study proposed that behavioral activation therapy is a suitable treatment for depression, rumination, and social avoidance and its components, which can be tested in future research.

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is a more successful alternative to producing electrical power than conventional energy sources in the modern era. However, it suffers from low conversion efficiency at high operation temperatures. Therefore, PV cooling methods are crucial to improving technology efficiency and prolonging its lifetime. Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) is a key to producing thermal and electrical energy, employing different fluids, including nanofluids (NFs). This review paper analyses the improvement in the PV/T system using various cooling methods, including air-based, water-based, bi-fluid, nanofluid, and other passive cooling methods. This review focuses on employing mono (NFs) and hybrid (NFs) to improve the PV/T thermal and electrical performance, considering the PV/T design, nanoparticle type, concentration, and operational aspects. In addition, some insights have been delivered as a starting point for further research. Conclusively, the bi-fluids have remarkably enhanced the PV/T electrical and thermal efficiencies by up to 26 % and 85 %, while NFs showed enhancements by 24 % and 82 %, respectively. However, there is still a need for further studies to meet technical and economic concerns using these types of fluids for cooling purposes.

Recently, experts have become particularly interested in the treatment of disorders caused by magnesium shortage. Hypomagnesemia is produced by a magnesium deficit in the blood, which is an additional stimulation for different diseases such as vomiting, drowsiness, nausea, loss of appetite, and so on. To compensate for this shortage, magnesium is injected as a nanoparticle in the blood (base fluid). The properties of these magnesium nanoparticles specifically their size, dispersion, and surface characteristics are crucial for optimizing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced material characterization techniques ensure the stability and enhanced performance of these nanoparticles in the physiological environment. Based on these applications, the current research aims to address magnesium deficiency via Powell–Eyring nanofluid flow distorted by the linearly stretchable sheet in the region of the stagnation point. Linear thermal stratification, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating are used to reveal the heat transport features. The magnetic field is applied to the nanofluid at an angle α to further control the fluid dynamics and nanoparticle behavior. Transformations are used to create a set of dimensionless governing equations. Comparative graphs are used to explain the physical behaviors of temperature and velocity fields, demonstrating how material properties impact fluid dynamics. The well-known convergence method (homotopy analysis method) is used to solve the model by comparing graphs.

In light of the growing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, it has become essential to incorporate cryptographic protection techniques for high-security applications. Since IoT devices are resource-constraints in terms of power and area, finding cost-effective ways to enhance their security is necessary. Physical unclonable function (PUF) is considered a trusted hardware security mechanism that generates true and intrinsic randomness by extracting the inherent process variations of circuits. In this paper, a novel pure magnetic memory-based PUF is presented. The fundamental building blocks of the proposed PUF design are magnetic devices, the so-called mCells. These magnetoresistive devices exclusively utilize Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) components. Using purely MTJ in the main memory and sense amplifier in the proposed PUF leads to high randomness, high reliability, low power, and ultra-compact occupation area. The Monte Carlo HSPICE simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PUF achieves a uniqueness of 49.89%, uniformity of 50.02 %, power consumption of 1.43 µW, and an area occupation of 0.01 µm2 per bit.

Abstract Post‐fault control of a 3‐phase Induction Motor (IM) drive under the Stator winding Open‐Circuit Fault (SOCF) has gained significant importance in recent years especially for safety‐critical industrial applications. Nevertheless, most of proposed schemes suffer from low accuracy or high complexity. In this research, a novel control scheme for improving reliability of wye‐connected 3‐phase IM drives under the SOCF according to Direct Field‐Oriented Control (DFOC) is proposed and evaluated. In the proposed system, different transformations are presented and employed to control the faulty system. The controller is achieved by minor modifications in the traditional control scheme structure. In the proposed system, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is also used to estimate the rotor flux. The designed EKF‐based DFOC (DFOCEKF) is verified using simulations and experimental tests conducted on a 0.75 kW 3‐phase IM drive. Based on the results it can be calculated that the torque ripple is decreased clearly after the proposed fault‐tolerant control approach is applied. The DFOCEKF strategy can control the faulty motor accurately, which can further improve the reliability of IM drive systems. The results also confirmed that the proposed controller after the SOCF has faster dynamic response and higher accuracy compared to previous published papers.

BACKGROUND: Since in most families, mothers are more responsible for taking care of children and have more responsibility than fathers for monitoring the child, taking care of a disabled child can have a more negative effect on the psychological state of mothers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in depression and rumination in mothers with children with cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was quasi-experimental field research with a pre-posttest and control group. The study population comprised 237 mothers with children who had cerebral palsy and were referred to occupational therapy centers in Ilam, Iran. The sample consisted of 60 participants selected by convenience sampling, who were randomly divided into two experimental groups (BA and ACT) and a control group (n = 20 per group). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). RESULTS: The results of both BA and ACT were effective in reducing depression (P < 0.01) and rumination (P < 0.01) in the two experimental groups compared with the control group in the posttest phase. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the ACT in reducing depression and rumination was found to be more significant than the effectiveness of BA (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that both BA and ACT are effective in reducing depression and rumination in the research participants. However, the study also found that ACT was more effective than BA in reducing depression and rumination. Thus, both approaches can be used to strengthen treatment interventions to lessen depression and rumination in the research participants.

In the original publication [...]

Physical exercise is known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and control the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In this research, we intend to investigate and compare the effect of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings (HIIT and CET) on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats. A number of Wistar rats were made diabetic by a high-fat diet and trained under two types of exercise protocols, HIIT and CET. After taking samples from the cecal tissue and serum of rats to reveal the effect of exercise, three microbial species from the Firmicute and Bacteroid phyla, which are the main types of intestinal microbes, and their metabolites include two short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate and propionate and also, the inflammatory factors TLR4 and IL6 were analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. In general, exercise while increasing the representative of Firmicute has caused a relative reduction of Bacteroides and improved the concentration of SCFAs. In this regard, HIIT outperforms CET in up-regulating Akkermansia and Butyrivibrio expression, and butyrate and propionate metabolites concentration. Also, both exercises significantly reduced cecal expression of TLR4 and sera concentration of IL6 compared to the diabetic group, although the reduction rate was higher in the CET group than in HIIT. Our findings suggest that some symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as intestinal dysbiosis and the resulting metabolic disorders are better controlled by HIIT and inflammation by CET. Certainly, more extensive research on other contributing factors could help clarify the results.

Abstract Ganzfeld conditions induce alterations in brain function and pseudo-hallucinatory experiences, particularly in people with high positive schizotypy. The current study uses graph-based parameters to investigate and classify brain networks under Ganzfeld conditions as a function of positive schizotypy. Participants from the general population (14 high schizotypy (HS), 29 low schizotypy (LS)) had an electroencephalography assessment during Ganzfeld conditions, with varying visual activation (8 frequencies of random light flicker) and soundscape-induced mood (neutral, serenity, and anxiety). Weighted functional networks were computed in six frequency sub-bands (delta, theta, alpha-low, alpha-high, beta, and gamma) as a function of light-flicker frequency and mood. The brain network was analyzed using graph theory parameters, including clustering coefficient (CC), strength, and global efficiency (GE). It was found that the LS groups had higher CC and strength than the HS groups, especially in bilateral temporal and frontotemporal brain regions. Moreover, some decreases in CC and strength measures were found in LS groups among occipital and parieto-occipital brain regions. LS groups also had significantly higher GE in all Ganzfeld conditions compared to the HS groups. The random under-sampling boosting (RUSBoost) algorithm achieved the best classification performance with an accuracy of 95.34%, specificity of 96.55%, and sensitivity of 92.85% during an anxiety-induction Ganzfeld condition. This is the first exploration of the relationship between brain functional state changes under Ganzfeld conditions in individuals who vary in positive schizotypy. The accuracy of graph-based parameters in classifying brain states as a function of schizotypy is shown, particularly for brain activity during anxiety induction, and should be investigated in psychosis.

Background and Aim: Suicide, which means harming oneself with the purpose of killing oneself, is a major health problem and one of the main causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this research was to present a causal model of suicidal thoughts based on parenting styles (permissive, authoritarian, authoritative) and the mediating role of social support and self-esteem. Methods: The design of the current research was descriptive and correlational and based on the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research was all high school students of Ilam city, 390 people (182 girls and 208 boys) were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Data related to research variables were collected using Beck's (1961), Phillips' (1986) social support, Rosenberg's (1965) and Baumrind's parenting styles (1973) questionnaires. Pearson correlation and structural equation method were used through SPSS-27 and AMOS-26 software. Results: The results and findings of the research showed that authoritarian parenting style has a direct positive effect on suicidal thoughts and a direct negative effect on self-esteem and social support. Also, authoritarian parenting style has a direct negative effect on suicidal thoughts and a direct positive effect on self-esteem and social support. On the other hand, permissive parenting style has a direct negative effect on self-esteem, but this style did not have a significant direct effect on social support and suicidal thoughts. Also, permissive parenting style did not have an indirect and significant effect on suicidal thoughts with the mediating role of social support. Other results showed that permissive, authoritarian, and authoritarian parenting styles have an indirect and significant effect on suicidal behavior with the mediating role of self-esteem, and finally, the fit indices of the final model supported the good fit with the collected data. Conclusion: Increasing public awareness and empowering families and schools, especially psychological therapeutic interventions for parenting skills and increasing the level of knowledge and efficiency of the school counseling system can be effective in reducing social harm, especially the painful phenomenon of suicide and the formation of suicidal thoughts and ideas before that.

The newest class of heat transfer improvement is accomplished by using hybrid Nano-fluids. Therefore, the heat transfer and pressure drop of a mixture of Iron oxide (Fe3O4) and Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles suspended into the base fluid under a turbulent regime through a plain and wavy tube are computed employing commercial software ANSYS Fluent. A mixture of Fe3O4 and MgO nanoparticles in pure water is considered a brand-new type of hybrid Nano-fluid for boosting heat transfer. The simulation procedures were performed utilizing the single and multiphase (mixture) approaches at Reynolds number in the range of (3,916 - 31,331) and volume concentrations range of (0.5% ≤ φ ≤ 2%). The plain and wavy walls are subjected to a constant heat flux of 18,189 W/m2, and the flow is presumed as fully developed. The computed outcomes are validated with the correlation equations and experimental data of literature. The outcomes demonstrate that boosting the nanoadditives fraction leads to a remarkable improvement of heat transfer and hydrothermal performance indicator (HPI) of MgO-Fe3O4 /H2O Hybrid Nano-fluid through the considered tubes compared with the conventional base fluid. However, the increment is slightly higher with a wavy wall tube than with the plain one. Moreover, new correlations were suggested for specific water-based hybrid Nano-fluid volume concentrations.

With the ever-growing frequency of natural catastrophe occurrences such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, etc., the idea of resilient microgrids (MGs) has attracted more attention than before. Providing the opportunity for a multi-carrier energy supply after a natural catastrophe can lessen power losses and improve power resiliency and reliability. Critical loads within the MG can be prioritized and restored in the shortest possible time based on the condition of the network after the damaging occurrence by considering the energy hub (EH) systems and the optimum design and allocation of these multi-carrier systems. To this end, this paper aims to address the resilience framework in MGs considering sets of water and EHs (WEHs) consisting of CHP (combined heat and power), a boiler, energy storage, and a desalination unit. This study focused on considering an effective resilient scheme to restore critical loads in a short period after a natural catastrophe when the MG experiences an unpredictable event. By applying the idea of WEHs, there would be a chance of restoring the system by using two sets of WEH systems in the appropriate islanded points to restore the system and critical loads of electricity, heat, and water. For this purpose, different scenarios were considered for assessing the resiliency of the system against a natural catastrophic event that causes serious damage to the network by analyzing the energy-not-supplied (ENS) factor. Moreover, the allocated WEHs can adequately supply the electrical, water, and thermal demand loads throughout the day after the natural catastrophe. To mitigate the unforeseen variations in the renewable sources, a battery is located in the WEH, which can attend to the optimal scheduling effectively. A scenario-based method is also introduced to improve the resiliency of MGs in an uncertain environment such as electrical, heat, and water stochastic demands. The appropriate efficiency of the offered model was considered on a modified IEEE test system.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. It is also one of the most important health issues in many countries. Its high prevalence in women makes it necessary to encourage breast cancer screening behaviours. Aim: To investigate the relationship between breast cancer prevention behaviour and its screening behaviour in Tehranian women. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted on 859 women from November to December 2019 by the Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. These women were selected by the multistage cluster method among five socio-economic classes living in different districts of Tehran. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to determine the relationship between breast cancer prevention behaviour and its screening behaviour. Data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 42±6.94 years. Also,137 (15.9%) of the participants were single, and 604 (70.3%) were married, 78 (9.08%) were divorced and rest widow. Among the studied subjects, 510 (57%) had unfavourable breast cancer screening behaviour. In Pearson’s correlation test, there was a direct and significant relationship between the mean score of breast cancer prevention behaviour and its subscales with breast cancer screening behaviour, except for the dimension of information-seeking (r=0.35, p=0.007). In other words, with the increased breast cancer prevention behaviour, breast cancer screening behaviour also increased. The results of SEM analysis showed that breast cancer prevention behaviour was positively correlated to breast cancer screening behaviour (p

Abstract Aim The purpose of this research was to identify the perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and Post‐Traumatic‐Growth (PTG) among Iranian healthcare professionals. Design A cross‐sectional study was applied. Methods This study was conducted among 402 healthcare professionals in northwestern Iran. Participants completed demographic, perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and PTG questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify the predictors of perceived stress and PTG. Results The overall score of perceived stress was calculated 30.55 (6.18). The problem‐oriented strategy was the most common stress coping by healthcare professionals (52.66 (8.72)). Also, the total score of PTG was calculated at 45.72 (30.42). Perceived stress, stress coping strategies (except problem‐oriented), and PTG scores were significantly different between hospital and health centres participants (p‐value

Steel structures are susceptible to corrosion due to their exposure to the environment. Currently used non-destructive techniques require inspector involvement. Inaccessibility of the defective part may lead to unnoticed corrosion, allowing the corrosion to propagate and cause catastrophic structural failure over time. Autonomous corrosion detection is essential for mitigating these problems. This study investigated the effect of the type of encoder–decoder neural network and the training strategy that works the best to automate the segmentation of corroded pixels in visual images. Models using pre-trained DesnseNet121 and EfficientNetB7 backbones yielded 96.78% and 98.5% average pixel-level accuracy, respectively. Deeper EffiecientNetB7 performed the worst, with only 33% true-positive values, which was 58% less than ResNet34 and the original UNet. ResNet 34 successfully classified the corroded pixels, with 2.98% false positives, whereas the original UNet predicted 8.24% of the non-corroded pixels as corroded when tested on a specific set of images exclusive to the investigated training dataset. Deep networks were found to be better for transfer learning than full training, and a smaller dataset could be one of the reasons for performance degradation. Both fully trained conventional UNet and ResNet34 models were tested on some external images of different steel structures with different colors and types of corrosion, with the ResNet 34 backbone outperforming conventional UNet.

Stamp seals are incredibly significant as a category of archeological finds because of their various motifs andfunctions, and inquiry into such glyptic evidence will help reconstruct different aspects of human life. During theSassanian period, stamp seals were made of precious and semi-precious stones in different shapes and designs. Inthis descriptive, comparative and analytical study, the data was collected through library research, and the authorsattempted to study, analyze and compare the designs on several Sassanian stamp seals with the depictions ofconstellation signs in Abd al-Rahman Sufi’s famous book Sovar al-Kavakeb. The results show strong similaritiesbetween the considered glyptic designs and astronomical symbols. On account of the Sassanian’s deep belief inastrology and the role the constellations played in their lifestyle and ruling system, it is conceivable that suchstamp seals served apotropaic purposes and were related with Sassanian’s astrological beliefs connected withpredicting good and bad days. The main purpose behind the application of these designs was most probably toseek the support and protection from constellations. Associating these glyptic designs with constellations is furthersupported by a series of animal motifs such as scorpions, snakes and bears which did not held any position in theSassanian belief system, demonstrating that these motifs were designed for astrological prognostications. Forexample, from the Sassanian point of view, the motif of scorpion and snake form the class of vermin, and devilishanimals and bears symbolize ruin and corruption. Therefore, such evil representing motifs were employed for noreasons other than their relation to the constellations and astrological prophecies.

Vidian nerve is created from the connection of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve (Giraddi et al., 2010). These two nerves transmit parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers respectively. Vidian nerve tumour is one of the rarest known tumours (Hong et al., 2014). Genetic changes effectively play a role in the development of nerve sheath tumors. Of course, due to the rarity of this type of tumor, there is not much information about its causes and risk factors (Yamasaki et al., 2015). The incidence rate of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors is about 0.001 % (Fortes et al., 2019). Considering the low prevalence of this tumor and the type of treatment performed on this patient, the investigation of the case presented in this study can lead to a better understanding and more correct treatment. This case report has been proposed due to the very low prevalence of neurofibroma of the Vidian nerve in the world. Vidian nerve supplies sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal glands and nasopalatine mucosa. In many cases, involvement of the Vidian nerve by neurofibroma can be misleading for doctors. Due to the very low prevalence of neurofibroma of the Vidin nerve, the possibility of its being missed and not diagnosed during the examination of patients by doctors is very high. This case report is presented in order to familiarize scientists with this lesion due to its very low prevalence. This therapeutic approach that was used in this case requires longer follow-up periods, but it can prevent possible complications after surgery.

The compensation for custody and the guarantee of its implementation, including criminal and civil law in Islamic jurisprudence, the laws of Iran and the United States of America, is discussed in the present study, which is addressed through an analytical-descriptive method. Findings indicate that the prominent Imamiyyah jurists believe that paying the compensation for custody is considered to be primarily the responsibility of the father, and in case of the father's incapacity or death, it is the responsibility of the paternal ancestor. Regarding the mother who is the guardian of the child, there are different views in two cases before and after the divorce. This matter has different aspects before divorce, and it may be in the form of conditions during and after the marriage, or there may be an agreement on its termination. The payment of custody compensation after divorce depends on the fact that if custody is regarded as an obligation, then it is not appropriate to receive a wage in return for it, but if custody is considered a right, it is possible to receive wages for custody and there is a clear position in Iranian Criminal Law. There is no objection to the payment of custody wages by the non-custodial parent, and it can hardly be included in the criminal provisions of the Family Protection Act, and in the criminal laws of the United States at the federal and state levels, there is a guarantee of criminal execution such as imprisonment and reduction from the salary of the working parent.

Protecting "national security" is one of the reasons that allows governments to limit the enjoyment of civil and political rights by individuals, organizations, and parties. Compliance with the requirements of this concept, such as the need to protect the rights and freedoms of others, is a reassuring tool for governments to protect their existence, vital interests, and territorial integrity. Despite this, in those governments where national security is organized on a one-dimensional and power-oriented structure, the rights and interests of opponents, including minority groups, may be violated under the pretext of observing "national security". The main question of this article is: “How the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights has interpreted the concept of "national security" in the aforementioned cases?” The present research is written in a descriptive-analytical method using library and internet sources. The author's hypothesis is that the judicial procedure has been devoted to editing and revising this concept to change and adjust it from a one-dimensional and government-oriented concept to a multi-dimensional and people-oriented concept, in such a way that the interests and aspirations of all groups and communities living in a country are provided based on the components of national security in that government.

Padatnya permukiman penduduk di desa Sanrobone memiliki dampak pada meningkatnya sampah rumah tangga yang dihasilkan setiap harinya. Untuk meminimalisir limbah plastik maka perlu adanya pelatihan untuk memberikan edukasi tentang pemanfaatan limbah plastik sebagai bahan pembuatan paving block. Tujuan dari program kemitraan masyarakat ini yaitu agar warga masyarakat desa Sanrobone bisa lebih kreatif karena pembuatan paving block menggunakan limbah plastik tidak hanya membantu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan namun juga dapat meningkatkan roda ekonomi masyarakat desa Sanrobone. Metode pelaksanaannya dimulai dari tahap sosialisasi, tahap pelatihan pembuatan paving block dan tahap evaluasi untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman, respon, serta penilaian tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanan kegiatan. Hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman tentang cara pembuatan paving block menggunakan limbah plastik melalui jawaban yang diberikan setelah pelatihan (Post-tes) yaitu sebanyak 88,89% peserta memahami cara pembuatan dan mendapatkan manfaat dari pelatihan sedangkan sebanyak 11,11 % peserta memahami cara pembuatan namun tidak dielaborasi akan segi manfaat yang diperolehnya.

ABSTRACTNumerous studies have evaluated the application of Remote Sensing (RS) techniques for mapping actual evapotranspiration (ETa) using Vegetation-Index-based (VI-based) and surface energy balance methods (SEB). SEB models computationally require a large effort for application. VI-based methods are fast and easy to apply and could therefore potentially be applied at high resolution; however, the accuracy of VI-based methods in comparison to SEB-based models remains unclear. We tested the ETa computed with the modified 2-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (METEVI2) implemented in the Google Earth Engine – for mapping croplands’ water use dynamics in the Lower Colorado River Basin. We compared METEVI2 with the well-established RS-based products of OpenET (Ensemble, eeMETRIC, SSEBop, SIMS, PT_JPL, DisALEXI and geeSEBAL). METEVI2 was then evaluated with measured ETa from four wheat fields (2017–2018). Results indicated that the monthly ETa variations for METEVI2 and OpenET models were comparable, though of varying magnitudes. On average, METEVI2 had the lowest difference rate from the average observed ETa with 17 mm underestimation, while SIMS had the highest difference rate (82 mm). Findings show that METEVI2 is a cost-effective ETa mapping tool in drylands to track crop water use. Future studies should test METEVI2’s applicability to croplands in more humid regions.

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesised using royal jelly. The prepared NPs were characterised through transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The size of the ZnONPs was 31.75 nm. The produced ZnONPs were evaluated as gas sensors for O2 and NH3 gases at various temperatures and time intervals. The highest sensitivity response to O2 (i.e. 11.1%) was recorded at 100 °C. The highest sensitivity response to NH3 (i.e. 12%) was observed at 25 °C. The sensor exhibited the shortest response and recovery times at different temperatures for O2 and NH3 gases, respectively. At 100 °C, the response time for O2 gas was 18 s, and the recovery time was 23 s. For NH3 gas, the response time was 25 s at 100 °C, and the recovery time was 22 s at 25 °C. These findings demonstrate the unique response and recovery features of the sensor.

إنَّ اللغةَ العربية لغةٌ اشتقاقية, تُصاغُ فيها المعاني المتنوعة من الأبنية المتنوعة من الجذر الواحد, فهي أكثر اللغات تصريفاً, وأغزرها مادةً, وأقدرها على استيعاب الدلالات الفكرية, فالجذر الواحد يتوالد منه حشدٌ من الوحدات اللغوية التي تُثري المتكلم وتمكّنه من الضّرب في شتى فنون القول في كلِّ زمان, وهذه القدرة التوليدية للصيغ الصّرفية والنّماء الكمّي في عدد الألفاظ تُمكِّن المتكلم من إكساء المعاني التي تخالجه بصيغ متعددة للتعبير عنها, والقرآن الكريم نزل بهذه اللغة العظيمة, فأبدع في اشتقاق المفردات المعبِّرة عن المعنى, ومن تلك المشتقات (المشتقات الوصفية) التي جاءت صيغها مواكبة للمعاني التي عبرت عنها آيات التمكين والتسخير, وكاشفة عن روعة التعبير القرآني وإحاطته بكل تفاصيل المعنى بواسطة تلك المشتقات التي منها : اسم الفاعل , والصفة المشبهة, واسم المفعول , وصيغ المبالغة, وهذه الدراسة جاءت لتكشف عن دلالة هذه المشتقات مع الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار المناخ السياقي الذي وردت فيه, وانتهتْ الدراسة بالكشف عن القيم الدلالية لتلك المشتقات, وأنَّ تلك القيم الدلالية لا يُمكِن التعبير عنها من دون هذه المشتقات, وهذه يؤكد الإعجاز اللغوي للقرآن الكريم وإحكامه التام للمعنى بوساطة اختياره الدقيق للصفات الصرفية المشتقة.

This study investigated the adsorption of CO2 molecules on transition metal ions (TM) porphyrins induced carbon nanocone (TM-PICNC) (TM = Sc2+, Ti2+, V2+, Cr2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) using density functional theory (DFT) to determine the stabilities, energetic, structural, and electronic properties. The results showed that the CO2 molecule is adsorbed on TM-PICNC with adsorption energies ranging from 0.03 to −12.12 kcal/mol. The weak interactions of CO2 gas with Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn-PICNC were observed, while strong adsorption was found on Sc, Ti, and V-PICNC. The Ti, V, and Cr-PCNC structures were shown to have a suitable energy gap (Eg) for sensing ability because of the effective and physical interaction between these structures and CO2 gas, leading to a short recovery time. DFT calculations also revealed that V-PCNC had a high %ΔEg (about %56.79) and hence high sensitivity to CO2 gas, making it a promising candidate for having good sensing ability to CO2 gas in presence of O2 and H2O gas.

Objective: To determine the role of interleukin-24 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine among female rheumatoid arthritis patients, and its correlation with clinical parameters. Method: The case-control study was conducted from April to July 2021 at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Iraq, and comprised women aged 26-60 years in the Al-Karkh district having rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed by a rheumatologist, and healthy controls matched for age and gender. Data was analysed using SPSS 28. Results: Of the 118 subjects, 76(64.4%) were patients with mean age 45.38±1.23 years, and 42(35.6%) were controls with mean age 46.48±2.02 years. Rheumatoid factor level was highly significant among the cases 37.30±2.50mg/L compared to the controls 4.91±0.53mg/L (p Less than or Equal to 0.05), and similar was the case with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides 63.04±2.82U/mL versus 14.02±0.30U/mL (p Less than or Equal to 0.05). Serum interleukin-24 was considerably elevated in patients 157.52±9.40 compared to controls 34.75±3.06 (p Less than or Equal to 0.05). Interleukin-24 had a significant positive correlation with rheumatoid factor, and a significant negative correlation with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p

Objective: To determine the genotyping of CD40 gene (rs1883832) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to investigate its correlation with disease activity. Method: The case-control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals, its affiliated Rheumatology units and Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2020 to May 2021, and comprised adult females with rheumatoid arthritis in group A and healthy controls in group B. The disease activity in group A was evaluated using the Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints scale. Samples from both groups were genotyped using TaqMan Assay for cluster of differentiation gene rs1883832 single nucleotide polymorphism. Data was analysed using SPSS 28. Results: Of the 118 participants, 76(64.4%) were in group A with mean age 45.38±1.23 years, and 42(35.6%) were in control group B with mean age 46.48±2.02 years. At cluster of differentiation gene rs1883832 single nucleotide polymorphism, there was a non-significant difference in the frequency of T and A alleles as well as in TT, AA and TA in group A patients compared to group B controls (p>0.05). Rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein concentrations with TT, TA and AA genotypes in group A were significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p

Advertising is an important issue in the world and has a deep effect on various aspects of our individual and social lives. The effect of this phenomenon on the economy, culture, society and even politics is constantly increasing, and the lack of appropriate laws in this area will provide a good platform for abusers. The issue of advertising is very important for products that are directly related to consumer health. The most important problem in the field of health advertising in the Iranian legal system is the multiplicity and fragmentation of the resolutions that have existed for a long time. However, it can be said that each resolution addresses the issue from a specific perspective, but there are sometimes overlaps, and contradictions regarding the competent authorities provided for the issuance of advertising licenses and the authorities dealing with violations, guaranteeing the implementation of violations of the rules governing advertising, etc. In recent years, not only has there been no effort to resolve this issue, but in some cases, it has increased these ambiguities. In this article, we will explain the situation of the Iranian legal system in this regard, while referring to the European Union's directives on health.

Abstract Background Polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 (IL10) gene have been linked to the severity of the patients infected with the viral infections. This study aimed to assess if the IL10 gene polymorphisms rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were linked to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) mortality in different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in the Iranian population. Methods For genotyping IL10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896, this study used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 1,734 recovered and 1,450 deceased patients. Results The obtained finding indicated IL10 rs1800871 CC genotype in the Alpha variant and CT genotype in the Delta variant had a relationship with COVID-19 mortality; however, there was no association between rs1800871 polymorphism and the Omicron BA.5 variant. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with IL10 rs1800872 TT genotype in the Alpha and Omicron BA.5 variants and GT in the Alpha and Delta variants. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with IL10 rs1800896 GG and AG genotypes in the Delta and Omicron BA.5; nevertheless, there was no association between rs1800896 polymorphism with the Alpha variant. According to the obtained data, the GTA haplotype was the most common of haplotype in different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The TCG haplotype was related to COVID-19 mortality in the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants. Conclusion The IL10 polymorphisms had an impact on COVID-19 infection, and these polymorphisms had different effects in various SARS-CoV-2 variants. To verify the obtained results, further studies should be conducted on various ethnic groups.

Background: Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms. Aim: This study attempts to confirm clinically suspected BP in cattle by PCR assay, histopathology, IHC, and genotyping analysis of local isolates. Methods: According to morphological appearance and lesion features, a cross sectional study of 54 clinically diagnosed BP cattle was assigned to this current investigation from May to August (2021) in Al-Kut district (Wasit Province, Iraq) private veterinary clinics using purposive sampling technique based on set criteria. The cattle were diagnosed clinically, and the tissues were collected and some fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and other stored frozen and examined by histopathological technique, immunohistochemistry, and PCR assays. Results: Using PCR assay, all cattle were positive for the BPV L1 gene. According to detect the L1 gene, analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that local BPV cattle isolates were closely related to the NCBI-BLAST BPV type-1 and type-2 of the Polish equine isolate (KF284133.1) and BPV Brazilian Bos taurus isolate (MH187961.1), respectively. Histological detection showed there were acanthosis, hperkeratosis, epidermal thickening, severe infiltration of mononuclear cells, massive hemorrhage, dermal fibroplasia, multifocal spongiosis, moderate neovascularization, moderate to severe elongation of the retention ridge towards the dermis, parakeratosis, rings of calcification, and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis of some spinosum cells. Immunohistochemical findings of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Fascin showed a significant variation in values of immunoreaction in the dermis and epidermis. These results ranged from negative (0) to mild positive (+1) to moderate positive (+2) reactions. Conclusion: The study provided essential molecular and genotyping data to improve our knowledge by emphasizing the crucial of IHC as an elegant diagnostic method to detect cellular alterations. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(1.000): 26-41]

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the heat transfer enhancement in a horizontal circular tube using hybrid nanofluid (CuO, Al₂O₃/ distilled water) and fitted with twisted tape (typical twisted tape, with twist ratios (TR=9.2). Under fully developed turbulent flow and uniform heat flux conditions, the studied hybrid nanofluid concentrations are (=0.6, 1.22, and 1.8% by volume). The experimental test rig includes all the required instruments to study the heat transfer enhancement. All the tests were carried out with a Reynolds number range of 3560-8320 and uniform heat flux (13217.5 W/m². The twisted tape, manufactured from polylactic acid (PLA) by 3-dimensional printer technology, was inserted inside the tube. In this numerical study, the finite volume method (CFD) procedure was employed to pattern the forced convection turbulent flow through the tube. For hybrid nanofluid with twisted, the maximum enhancement in the maximum thermal performance factor was 2.18 for φ = 1.8%, while for a tube (water with twisted) under the same conditions, it was (2.04). A high Nusselt number was obtained with a concentration of 1.8% and an enhancement in the heat transfer of about 6.70%) than water.

Altered electroencephalography (EEG) activity in schizotypal individuals is a powerful indicator of proneness towards psychosis. This alteration is beyond decreased alpha power often measured in resting state EEG. Multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (MFDE) measures the non-linear complexity of the fluctuations of EEGs and is a more effective approach compared to the traditional linear power spectral density (PSD) measures of EEG activity in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we applied MFDE to EEG signals to distinguish high schizotypy (HS) and low schizotypy (LS) individuals. The study includes several trials from 29 participants psychometrically classified as HS (n=19) and LS (n=10). After preprocessing, MFDE was computed in frontal, parietal, central, temporal and occipital regions for each participant at multiple time scales. Statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms were used to calculate the differences in MFDE measures between the HS and LS groups. Our findings revealed significant differences in MFDE measures between LS and HS individuals in the delta frequency band (at time scale 100 ms). HS individuals exhibited increased complexity and irregularity compared to LS individuals in the delta frequency band particularly in the occipital region. Furthermore, the MFDE measures resulted in high accuracy (96.55%) in discriminating between HS and LS individuals and outperformed the models based on power spectrum, demonstrating the potential of MFDE as a neurophysiological marker for schizotypy traits. The increased non-linear fluctuation in delta frequency band in the occipital region of HS individuals implies the changes in cognitive functions, such as memory and attention, and has significant potential as a biomarker for schizotypy and proneness towards psychosis.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in insulin secretion and function. This review article focuses on various liver parameters, including albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT), ammonia, bilirubin, bile acid, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), immunoglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein. These parameters play significant roles in the development of different types of diabetes such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and gestational diabetes (GDM). The article highlights that low albumin levels may indicate inflammation, while increased ALT and AST levels are associated with liver inflammation or injury, particularly in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Elevated ALP levels can be influenced by liver inflammation, biliary dysfunction, or bone metabolism changes. High bilirubin levels are independently linked to albuminuria in T1DM and an increased risk of T2DM. Elevated GGT levels are proposed as markers of oxidative stress and liver dysfunction in T2DM. In GDM, decreased serum AFP levels may indicate impaired embryo growth. Decreased AFP levels in T2DM can hinder the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hyperammonemia can cause encephalopathy in diabetic ketoacidosis, and children with T1DM and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder often exhibit higher ammonia levels. T2DM disrupts the regulation of nitrogen-related metabolites, leading to increased blood ammonia levels. Bile acids affect glucose regulation by activating receptors on cell surfaces and nuclei, and changes in bile acid metabolism are observed in T2DM. Increased LDH activity reflects metabolic disturbances in glucose utilization and lactate production, contributing to diabetic complications. Poor glycemic management may be associated with elevated levels of IgA and IgG serum antibodies, and increased immunoglobulin levels are also associated with T2DM.

Hardware-based security primitives like True Random Number Generators (TRNG) have become a crucial part in protecting data over communication channels. With the growth of internet and cloud storage, TRNGs are required in numerous cryptographic operations. On the other hand, the inherently dense structure and low power characteristics of emerging nanoelectronic technologies such as resistive-switching memories (RRAM) make them suitable elements in designing hardware security modules integrated in CMOS ICs. In this paper, a memristor based TRNG is presented by leveraging the high stochasticity of RRAM resistance value in OFF (High Resistive) state. In the proposal, one or two devices can be used depending on whether the objective is focused on saving area or obtaining a higher random bit frequency generation. The generated bits, based on a combination of experimental measurements and SPICE simulations, passed all 15 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests and achieved a throughput of tens of MHz.

Objective: According to the reports of the World Health Organization approximately 300,000 deaths occuryearly worldwide due to burns or burn-associated injuries. This study aims to review the epidemiology of burnsin pediatrics and adolescents in Fars province between 2017 and 2018.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that investigated all people ≤18 years old who suffered from burninjuries in Fars province between 2017 and 2018. We use data from the file of burn patients which was providedby pre-hospital emergency services of Fars province. This data comprises demographic information (age andgender), burn-related information (type, degree, and severity of burns), mode of transfer (outpatient surgery ortransfer to hospital) and the outcome of the disease (death before arrival to the hospital or alive).Results: The average age of the subjects of this study was 5.8±8.9. We also categorized the subjects into fourage groups, 1-4, 5-8, 9-13 and 15-18 years. The number of boys who suffered from burn injuries is significantlymore than the girls (p=0.011). Also, there is a remarkable correlation between burn with age (p

Abstract Background Rare diseases collectively impose a significant burden on healthcare systems, especially in underserved regions, like the Middle East, which lack access to genomic diagnostic services and the associated personalized management plans. Methods We established a clinical genomics and genetic counseling facility, within a multidisciplinary tertiary pediatric center, in the United Arab Emirates to locally diagnose and manage patients with rare diseases. Clinical genomic investigations included exome-based sequencing, chromosomal microarrays, and/or targeted testing. We assessed the diagnostic yield and implications for clinical management among this population. Variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. Tests were 2-tailed, and P

Structural health monitoring and condition assessment of existing bridge decks is a growing challenge. Conventional manned inspections are costly, labor-intensive, and often risky to execute. Sub-surface delamination, a leading cause of deck replacement, can be autonomously and objectively detected using infrared thermography (IRT) data with developed deep learning AI models to address some of the limitations associated with manned inspection. As one of the most promising classifiers, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have not been utilized to their fullest potential for delamination detection, arguably due to the scarcity of realistic ground truth datasets. In this study, a common encoder–decoder semantic segmentation-based DCNN is adapted through domain adaptation. The model was tuned and trained on a publicly available dataset to detect subsurface delamination in IRT data collected from in-service bridge decks. The authors investigated the effect of dataset augmentation, class imbalance, the number of classes, and the effect of background removal in the training dataset, resulting in an overall number of seventy-five UNET models. Four out of five bridges were adopted for training and validation, and the fifth bridge was for testing. Most models averaged 80 iterations, and the training progress finally reached a training accuracy of 75% with a loss of about 0.6 without any overfitting. The result showed a substantial difference in the minimum and maximum values for the evaluated performance metrics (0.447 and 0.773 for global accuracy, 0.494 and 0.657 for mean accuracy, 0.239 and 0.716 for precision, 0.243 and 0.558 for true positive rate (TPR), 0.529 and 0.899 for true negative rate (TNR), 0.282 and 0.550 for F1-score. The results also indicated that the models trained on the raw annotated balanced dataset performed best for half of the metrics. In contrast, the models trained on raw data (with no dataset enhancement) performed better when only global accuracy was considered.

Background and Objectives: Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), the most extensively researched DNA repair mechanism, is responsible for repairing a variety of DNA damages, and Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) genes participate in NER. Herein, we aimed to update the previous results with a meta-analysis evaluating the association of XPA, XPB/ERCC3, XPF/ERCC4, and XPG/ERCC5 polymorphisms with the susceptibility to HNC. Materials and Methods: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched without any restrictions until 18 November 2023 to find relevant studies. The Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) software was utilized to compute the effect sizes, which were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Nineteen articles were involved in the systematic review and meta-analysis that included thirty-nine studies involving ten polymorphisms. The results reported that the CC genotype of rs17655 polymorphism showed a significantly decreased risk of HNC in the recessive model (OR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81, 0.99; p-value is 0.03). In addition, the CT genotype (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.89; p-value is 0.008) of the rs751402 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk, and the T allele (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.57; p-value is 0.02), the TT (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.10, 2.74; p-value is 0.02), and the TT + CT (OR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.04, 4.74; p-value is 0.04) genotypes were associated with an increased risk of HNC. Conclusions: The analysis identified two polymorphisms, rs17655 and rs751402, as being significantly associated with the risk of HNC. The study underscored the influence of various factors, such as the type of cancer, ethnicity, source of control, and sample size on these associations.

Buckling and postbuckling characteristics of laminated graphene-enhanced composite (GEC) truncated conical shells exposed to torsion under temperature conditions using finite element method (FEM) simulation are presented in this study. In the thickness direction, the GEC layers of the conical shell are ordered in a piece-wise arrangement of functionally graded (FG) distribution, with each layer containing a variable volume fraction for graphene reinforcement. To calculate the properties of temperature-dependent material of GEC layers, the extended Halpin-Tsai micromechanical framework is used. The FEM model is verified via comparing the current results obtained with the theoretical estimates for homogeneous, laminated cylindrical, and conical shells, the FEM model is validated. The computational results show that a piece-wise FG graphene volume fraction distribution can improve the torque of critical buckling and torsional postbuckling strength. Also, the geometric parameters have a critical impact on the stability of the conical shell. However, a temperature rise can reduce the crucial torsional buckling torque as well as the GEC laminated truncated conical shell's postbuckling strength.

Background: Approximately 90% of the fatty acids in sunflower oil are unsaturated. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of leaf methanol extract of four Iranian olive cultivars on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil.Methods: Leaf methanolic extracts of four Iranian olive cultivars (Zard, Roghani, Shiraz, and Dezfool) were prepared by microwave extraction method. Total phenolic content, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of the extracts were determined. Peroxide and anisidine values of sunflower oil treated with the extracts were measured during 30 days of storage at 60°C.Results: The concentration of methanolic extract of the Roghani cultivar (46.27±2.76 μg/mL) required to scavenge 50% of the initial DPPH radicals (IC50) showed a significant difference (p