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Hesti Lina Wiraswati,1,2 Muhammad Hasan Bashari,1,2 Nayla Majeda Alfarafisa,1,2 Ilma Fauziah Ma’ruf,3 Eti Nurwening Sholikhah,4 Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih,5 Pamungkas Bagus Satriyo,4 Mustofa Mustofa,4 Denny Satria,6 Ema Damayanti7 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Oncology and Stem Cells Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 6Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 7Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gunungkidul, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Hesti Lina Wiraswati, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia, Tel +6285795183426, Fax +62222037823, Email hesti.lina@unpad.ac.idBackground: Multidrug resistance in various cancer types is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. The concept of a single drug molecular target often causes treatment failure due to the complexity of the cellular processes. Therefore, combination chemotherapy, in which two or more anticancer drugs are co-administered, can overcome this problem because it potentially have synergistic efficacy besides reducing resistance, and drug doses. Previously, we reported that pyrazoline B had promising anticancer activity in both in silico and in vitro studies. To increase the efficacy of this drug, co-administration with established anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel is necessary.Materials and Methods: In this study, we used an in silico approach to predict the synergistic effect of pyrazoline B with paclitaxel or doxorubicin using various computational frameworks and compared the results with those of an established study on the combination of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel-ascorbic acid.Results and Discussion: Drug interaction analysis showed the combination was safe with no contraindications or side effects. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that doxorubicin-pyrazoline B and doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide may synergistically inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the binding of topoisomerase I to the DNA chain. Moreover, the combination of pyrazoline B-paclitaxel may has synergistic activity to cause apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl2 binding to the Bax fragment or inhibiting cell division by inhibiting α-β tubulin disintegration. Paclitaxel-ascorbic acid had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of α-β tubulin disintegration.Conclusion: The results show that this combination is promising for further in vitro and in vivo studies.Keywords: doxorubicin, in silico study, pyrazoline B, paclitaxel, synergistic effect

1.3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea, also called Algetika, has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects. The potential for developing this substance as an anti-inflammatory is possible. Assays on RAW 264.7 cell viability, nitric oxide formation, and effects on cytokine gene expression (TNF-α, IL-6), iNOS, COX-2, and COX-2 and NF-kB protein analysis were further investigated. The inflammatory trigger in this study was lipopolysaccharide, while the positive control was dexamethasone. Algetika had the best performance in the cell viability test and had the most significant percentage of live cells at concentrations of 31.5 and 62.5 µg/mL. This compound also substantially inhibited/reduced nitrite accumulation, as shown at concentrations of 31.25 µg/mL (11.07 ± 0.74 µM) and 62.5 µg/mL (8.48 ± 0.37 µM). Cytokine gene expression decreased according to RT-PCR findings from gene expression data compared with control LPS cells, showing a significant difference. Analysis of COX-2 and NF-κB protein expression showed a significant decrease. This compound may be anti-inflammatory by reducing nitric oxide levels and cytokine expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most typical cancers to affect women worldwide is breast cancer. Multiple routes involving different proteins that control the development of cancer. HER-2 is a protein that contributes to the progression of breast cancer cells. This study uses n-phenyl pyrazoline derivate compounds. The predictive binding of several forms of pyrazoline compounds to HER-2 was analyzed using docking analysis in an in silico model. Pyrazoline A, B, C, D, and M were used as ligands, and neratinib as a commercial drug. Pyrazoline C was the ligand with the highest affinity (-109.218 Kcal/mol) if compared with native ligand 03Q (-170.697 Kcal/mol) and neratinib (-83.416 Kcal/mol). Pyrazoline C has the potential to develop as a breast cancer drug with COX-2 inhibitory activity. The molecular dynamics simulation for 50 ns showed that RMSD, RMSF, and SASA are rigid and stable. Pyrazoline C has the potential to develop as a breast cancer drug with HER-2 inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local people in Ternate, North Maluku, often use local languages to communicate on social media. This poses a challenge for newcomers to understand the implied meaning and emotions of the messages conveyed through social media. This research aims to develop a natural language processing (NLP)-based emotion classification method that can be applied to Ternate Malay text datasets. The application of NLP is expected to improve the accuracy of emotion detection and classification in the text. The research was conducted by applying and comparing the performance of several classification models trained using Ternate Malay text datasets. The models used include SVM (Support Vector Machine), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Random Forest, Decision Tree and Logistic Regression. Each model is applied using BoW (Bag-of-Words) and Word2Vec vectorization representations. The evaluation results show that the BoW+SVM model provides the highest performance with 77% accuracy, followed by BoW+Random Forest (75%) and BoW+Logistic Regression (73%). Thus it can be concluded that NLP can be applied to the Ternate Malay language dataset to classify emotions based on text.

Antioxidants guard against reactive oxygen free radicals. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by adding electrons to them, preventing bodily harm. African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Delile.) contain an antioxidant. African leaves are the leaves of a thousand diseases because they have pharmacological effects on various diseases. African leaves contain steroids/triterpenoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. This study examined Vernonia amygdalina Delile. leaf combination ethanol extract antioxidant properties. The extracts were prepared with the reflux method using methanol, butanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane. Antioxidant activities were determined with DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, O-Phenanthroline, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, total phenolics, and total flavonoids method. The data were analyzed using the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) multivariate exploration technique, which was analyzed using the Minitab software. The highest antioxidant activity was found in African leaf reflux extract with methanol solvent by DPPH method (43.8968 ± 0.021), followed by ABTS (73.6223 ± 0.091), FRAP (89.2924 ± 0.087), CUPRAC (13.4745 ± 0.042), O-Phenantroline (99.0977 ± 0.30), and Hydroxyl radical scavenging (33.5703 ± 0.071). The findings show that Vernonia amygdalina Delile. extract exhibit antioxidant activity. According to the findings, Vernonia amygdalina Delile leaf extract with methanol solvent provided the maximum antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free radicals are molecules with unstable unpaired electrons and originate from environmental pollutants and from unhealthy people's lifestyles that reduce the quality of life in the presence of various degenerative diseases from premature aging, stroke, and even cancer. Antioxidants are used to neutralize, reduce and inhibit the formation of new free radicals in the body by becoming electron donors for free radicals so that free electrons in free radicals become paired and stop damage in the body. With the presence of antioxidant compounds, oxidative stress triggered by free radicals can be stabilized and neutralized to reduce the risk of damage to body cells. Indonesia is a country rich in spice plant resources. One type of spice plant that has the potential to be developed is Attarasa (Litsea cubeba Lour.) which is widely found in the North Tapanuli area. This plant contains essential oils in the fruit, stems, roots, and leaves. This makes all parts of this plant smell good. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of a fraction of Litsea cubeba Lour. barks. The fraction with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvent. Antioxidant activities were determined with ABTS, CUPRAC, and O-Phenanthroline method. The data were analyzed using the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) multivariate exploration technique, which was analyzed using the Minitab software. The extracts were obtained IC50 values from the ABTS (395.65 ± 0.37; 344.78 ± 0.57; 30.37 ± 0.04; 283.07 ± 0.85); CUPRAC (220.77 ± 0.21; 144.50 ± 0.26; 10.00 ± 0.01; 11.13 ± 0.04); O-Phenanthroline (798.27 ± 0.06; 410.01 ± 0.23; 175.75 ± 0.25; 32.01 ± 0.03) respectively. While the total phenol was analyzed (23.56 ± 0.56; 2.63 ± 0.01; 77.44 ± 0.56; 600.21 ± 0.54) respectively. Based on the results obtained, the ethyl acetate extract of Litsea cubeba Lour. barks have antioxidant activity with a very strong category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomena of education graduate alumni selecting non-teaching employment was the main focus of this qualitative study on the employability of teacher education graduates after graduation. The present non-teaching jobs, the reasons behind the non-teaching career choice, the skills and abilities useful to their current work, and their opinions and feelings regarding their non-teaching occupation were all described using an interpretive phenomenology. One-on-one online interviews were used to collect the qualitative data, 3 categories were created in order to address specific research concerns. According to this research, there are three categories of non-teaching occupations currently held by graduates of teacher education programs: office work, non-education related training positions, and service and management. After careful investigation, it was also shown that graduates chose non-teaching careers due to their lack of commitment to the teaching profession, contextual influence, competitive pay, support for their passion and growth, flexibility, and desire for a balanced life. Additionally, professional values and attitudes, transversal skills, learning skills, documentation, and teaching abilities were useful qualities for their current non-teaching position. Graduates in teacher education who are not in teaching feel happy, fulfilled, and flexible. The results indicate that the basic competencies obtained in the Teacher Education Program (TEP) provide a multitude of skills that significantly enhance one's capacity to be flexible, adaptive, and productive in non-teaching roles.

This study aims to delineate the legal authority of Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) within the jurisdictions of Indonesia and Australia, particularly concerning the resolution of international civil law disputes. The research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing legal reviews and secondary data for support. The findings reveal that in civil law states, notably Indonesia, MoUs are regarded as binding agreements in accordance with the "Agreement is Agreement" perspective as per Article 1338 (1) of the Civil Code. Conversely, common law states, such as Australia, generally perceive MoUs as non-legally binding. However, an MoU may attain validity and binding status if it fulfills the six stipulated requirements outlined in Australian contract law. To address the dispute surrounding the 1974 MoU BOX between Indonesia and Australia, resolution options include examining international civil law rules based on primary and secondary links or resorting to an international arbitral tribunal.

The uncontrolled production of oxygen free radicals and the unbalanced mechanism of antioxidant protection results in the onset of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, heart diseases, and aging. Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham. Belongs to the family of Moraceae, popularly regarded as a medicinal plant, and commonly called monkey jack. Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis also known as Binahong is a family of Basellaceae. Both the plants are widely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and proliferation activity of combination ethanol extract of Artocarpus lacucha leaves (EEAL) and Anredera cordifolia leaves (EEAC). The extract was prepared using ethanol 80% with the maceration method. Antioxidant activity was determined with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Proliferation activity was determined with an MTT assay. Antioxidant activity from combination with DPPH assay is measured as the percent of scavenging and the best combination is 37.5 µg/mL for EEAL and 12.5 µg/mL for EEAC. Proliferation activity in combination with MTT assay is measured as a percent of viability cells and the best combination is 37.5 µg/mL for EEAL and 37.5 µg/mL for EEAC. The results reveal that combination hydroalcoholic extract of Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham. Leaves and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves have antioxidant and proliferative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maceration was used to extract the fruit of Litsea cubeba (Lour.). To get alkaloid fractions, ethanol extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane, and chloroform at pH 3, 7, 9, and 11. Preparative thin layer chromatography was used to isolate alkaloid compounds. The ABTS test was used to assess the antioxidant activity of fractions and isolates. Chloroform fractions at pH 7 and compound III had the highest IC50. They IC50 were 80.47 ± 0.19 and 17.73 ± 0.04 µg/mL. Compound III was showed maximum absorbance at (279.0; 227.0; 212.5 nm) and wave number (3394.72; 2943.37; 2839.22; 1599.34; 1462.04; 1369.46; 1319.31; 1111.00; 817.82 cm-1). This indicates that it is an alkaloid compound containing hydroxyl, methyl, methylene, and methoxy groups. The findings show that the alkaloid fractions and components of Litsea cubeba fruit have a high antioxidant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most feared types of cancer because of the high number of deaths from this disease. High cases of death are reported due to the ineffectiveness of the early detection process of this type of cancer and the low effectiveness of treatment. This review reports a natural product that has the potential to be used as an anticancer of the pancreas. Natural products are the focus of researchers due to the low risk of resistance and side effects of these products. The mechanism of action of natural products is also explored to ensure the activity of natural products as anticancer, including molecular mechanisms of action, cell cycle inhibitory activity, and promoting apoptosis. Natural products are ingredients that are widespread around us, very easy to find, and have a lot of evidence of their effectiveness as anticancer. It is hoped that this review will become the basis for researchers to conduct further exploration of natural products as pancreatic anticancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to determine phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the subchronic toxic effect in the ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani leaves. Phytochemical screening revealed that the extract consists of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins and steroids/triterpenoids. The extract was orally administered to the rats at doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 90 days. Signs of toxicity and mortality were observed for 90 days and 118 days. The biochemistry, hematology, macro pathology, relative organ weight and histopathology examination were also performed. The macroscopic and microscopic examinations of liver, lung, kidney, spleen and heart showed normal color and texture after treatment with ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani leaves at doses of 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW. There was no effect on hematological parameters at all doses of the extract. It can be concluded that ethanol extract of Saurauia vulcani leaf is nontoxic at doses 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW for long-term use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saurauia vulcani Korth. is an actinidiaceae family plant that is used as traditional medicine by the community. The immunomodulatory effect of Saurauia vulcani Korth. extracts were assessed using in vitro method on RAW 264.7 cells line by stratified extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. The viability of cells was determined with the MTT method. Determination of nitric oxide levels was assessed by the griess method and inhibition of gene expression TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β, and iNOS were determined by the RT-PCR method. Saurauia vulcani Korth. leaves (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) extracts at a concentration of 25 μg/mL were effected to reduce the level of nitric oxide in RAW 246.7 cells and was inhibited the expression of genes TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β, and iNOS. The density value of each band formed by 1.21 ± 0.005; 1.15 ± 0.005; 0.88 ± 0.003 on TNF-α, 1.23 ± 0.003; 1.64 ± 0.005; 0.55 ± 0.003 on IL-6, 0.38 ± 0.003; 0.55 ± 0.003; 0.38 ± 0.003 on COX-2, 0.18 ± 0.003; 0.04 ± 0.003; 0.03 ± 0.003 on IL-1β, and 0.30 ± 0.003; 0.41 ± 0.003; 0.11 ± 0.005 on iNOS. Extracts could reduce NO production and inhibit gene expressions such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β, and iNOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernonia amygdalina Delile. leaves are potential as cardiotonic and anticancer cause of cardiac glycosydes which contain in them. This study evaluated the mechanism of cardiac glycosides from Vernonia amygdalina Delile. leaves in inhibition of Naup>th molecular docking. Docking was performed on the receptor file (PDB ID: 4HYT) using AutoDock Vina PyRx 9.5 program and visualized by Ligplot 2.1 dan PyMol 2.3.1. Two and three-dimension conformation models of compounds were generated by Chem Draw program. The docking score of Ouabain as the standard and Vernoniosides A2 were -10.7 Kcal/mol and -9.4 Kcal/mol. Vernoniosides A2 interacted with Phe316, Leu793, Phe783, Gly319, Ile800, Ile315, Glu116, Ala323, Leu795, Tht797, Asn122, Glu179, Asp884, Lys905, Asp121, Gln111, Glu117 and Asn122 residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernonia amygdalina Delile. is commonly found in a tropical area, it has an inotropic effect on the heart and has phytochemical constituents that are similar to digoxin such as vernonioside D and vernonioside A3. This study aimed to determine the prediction of toxicity level and value of the bond energy between digoxin, vernonioside D, and vernonioside A3 on the enzyme Na+/K+ATPase In silico method. Prediction of ADMET was determined by using the pkCSM website, Prediction of toxicity of chemical were determined by protox II website and docking analysis in this study was carried out using the AutoDock software with PDB code 4RET and visualization using polymol. The results showed that digoxin induces CYP3A4 receptors while vernonioside D and A3 did not induce CYP3A4 receptors. Prediction of LD50 was digoxin 5 mg/kg (fatal), while vernonioside D has a prediction of LD50 was 8000 mg/kg (non-toxic) and vernonioside A3 has a prediction of LD50 was 8000 mg/kg (non-toxic). Digoxin, vernonioside D and vernonioside A3 inhibited hERG II. The binding energy value of Na+/K+ATPase to digoxin was obtained value -12 Kcal/mol, vernonioside D was obtained a value of -9 Kcal/mol while vernonioside A3 was obtained a value of -9.4 Kcal/mol. Based on the research, it can be concluded that vernonioside D and vernonioside A3 has a lower toxicity level compared to digoxin, while the affinity of digoxin for Na+/K+ATPase has higher compared to Vernonioside D and vernonioside A3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to correlate between the phytochemical constituents in the extract of C. mangga rhizomes and its immunomodulatory effect on phagocytosis of mice leukocytes. The phytochemical screening was performed using the standard method, while qualitative analysis of curcumin in C. mangga extract was examined using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of C. mangga were introduced to carbon clearance method for their immunomodulatory potential. The phytochemical screening on nhexane and ethanol extracts of C. mangga rhizomes revealed the presence of steroids and terpenoids. Meanwhile, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids were detected in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. The TLC analysis led to the identification of curcumin in all extracts. All the samples tested demonstrated the immunostimulatory effect on phagocytosis ability of mice leukocytes. Of all the extracts, n-hexane extract displayed the strongest stimulation on phagocytosis effect but there was no significantly different (P>0.05). The results suggest that the immunostimulatory activity of extract on phagocytosis ability was due to the presence of its major constituents although other constituents may also contribute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the recognition of the existence of human resource as assets in the financial statements and the various obstacles encountered in the application of human resources accounting. This research uses a descriptive analysis in analyzing secondary data related to these issues. Therefore, the need for encouragement through empirical research to create uniformity in the measurement of human value and also efforts to revisit the definition of assets, so that the human resource could be recognized as asset and then is also recognized as General Accepted Accounting Principle.

Environmental issues developed rapidly driven by the high impact on environmental damage due to the production process that is not environmentally friendly. The increase of goods and services consumption that are quite high throughout the world has resulted in a reduction in natural resources that have an impact on the environment. Efforts to reduce this impact are the existence of a green consumption policy. In 2006, Indonesia introduced eco-label markers on products that have been produced environmentally friendly. This policy needs to be supported by increasing consumer awareness to buy eco-labeled products. This study purposes to identify factors that influence consumer awareness in purchase eco-labeled paper products. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling, while data processing uses AMOS software. The results showed that the higher the consumer's concern about the state of the environment would be to increase a proper assessment for the environment (environmental attitude), and ultimately the consumer would consciously consume products that have a minimal impact on the environment (environmentally conscious purchasing behavior). Recommendations that can be given to increase consumer awareness in purchasing eco-labeled products, including the use of mass media; environmental education; always socializing to the public regarding environmental issues; provide training to producers

Antioxidants are thought to help the body fight Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are defined as “any substance that significantly slows or inhibits oxidation when present in trace amounts relative to an oxidizable substrate.” Antimicrobials generated from plants have been used to treat infectious diseases for millennia. Many investigations have been done on the antibacterial effects of herbal plant extracts., including roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Artocarpus altilis is a versatile tree plant that is a rich source of calcium, phosphorus, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Various parts of breadfruit are used as food, cosmetic medicine, clothing, treating diarrhea, high blood pressure, and asthma. This study obtained about determine biological activities of Artocarpus altilis Leaves. The extract was prepared using water with the soxhletation method. The antibacterial activity was determined with minimun inhibitor concentration method with concentration 300-25 mg/mL can inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, The MIC is the lowest concentration that may stop bacterial growth, and the number of bacteria is 10 colonies. 60.13 0.54 ppm antioxidant activity, fenol (224.67 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (27.63 mg QE/g). The results show that Artocarpus altilis leaf ethanol extract is antibacterial and antioxidant.

Free radicals also play a role in the pathology of various degenerative diseases such as cancer, rheumatism, coronary heart disease, cataracts, and others. Free radicals can come from within the body (endogenous) and outside the body (exogenous). Litsea cubeba (Lour,) is a Lauraceae family plant which have contents volatile oils which used as antimicrobial, anticancer on breast cancer, pesticide, antideppressants, antiinflammation, antioxidant, and neuro pharmacology. The extract was prepared using water with the soxhletation method. The antioxidant activity was determined with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid] -diammonium salt (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods. Total flavonoid and total phenolic content were determined with colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity measured as IC50 was 23.37 ± 0.42 µg/mL; 111.21 ± 0.42 and 109.01 ± 0.28 respectively. The extract was found to contain high levels of total phenolic (282.93 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid 7.49 ± 0.51 mg QE/g). The results reveal that ethanol extract of Litsea cubeba Lour. Bark has antioxidant potential. The further analysis is to isolation antioxidant compound.

The objective of this research is; firstly to analyze the impact of the perceptions, that the perception of service, promotions and location of the Muzaki’s preferences, then to analyze the impact of the preferences towards Muzaki’s decision, and finally to analyze the impact of the perceptions of service, promotions, location and preferences of Muzaki’s decision in choosing LAZ. This research is a quantitative research using path analysis method through LISREL 8.80 assisted by MSI (Method of Succesive Interval) and SPSS 16.0 application tool to test the feasibility of the data. The results showed that perception of service very influential to preference compared with promotion and location. And Preference has a significant influence on decisions rather than perceptions of service, promotion and location. This study recommends Amil Zakat Institute to be able to improve the service because it is a matter of great concern and felt directly by muzaki and become preference for muzaki in determining its decision in choosing Amil Zakat Institution.

The Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) underwater observation equipment has previously been developed, but it had restriction for not being hydrodynamic still due to the unique conditions of the Sunda Strait waters. This study aims to further develop the previously developed ROV by improving the design structure of the ROV body. The method of design concept selection used was concept screening and concept scoring. In concept screening, the initial concept was evaluated relatively to the same preferences using screening matrices. On the other hand the Concept Scoring was conducted by determining the relative performance value which was the assessment used to evaluate how the comparison between concepts and number as the comparison. The result of the study obtained the selected design concept, which was small ROV with streamlined / half-streamlined body geometry which had rear-middle rotor configuration as motion component of hydrodynamic 3 DOF (surge, heave, and yaw).

Objective: This study is targeted at assessing the chemotherapy factor of the ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD)., Methods: U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with extract and a fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD) was harvested from the herbarium. Cytotoxicity was evaluated to determine the IC50 through microscopic observation followed by an MTT assay. Subsequently, flow cytometry with a FACS type was employed to conduct cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Annexin V/PI and PI markers were used to assess apoptosis and cell cycle progression., Result: The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of VAD showed promising effects as cancer chemotherapy in glioblastoma cells. The IC50 values for the extract and fraction were notably low, at 37.65 µg/ml and 10.12 µg/ml, respectively, for U87 cells. Analysis of apoptosis using FACS revealed a more pronounced apoptotic effect of the 15 µg/ml fraction of VAD on both early and late apoptosis compared to the 75 µg/ml extract of VAD. Although some differences in cell cycle properties were observed, there were no significant differences in cell cycle analysis between the extract and fraction., Conclusion: These findings underscore the efficacy of VAD's ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction as chemotherapeutic agents against U87 cancer cells. The low IC50 values and significant induction of early apoptosis highlight the cytotoxic effects of these treatments on U87 cells.

Protein kinase dysregulation induces cancer cell aggressiveness leading to rapid tumor progression and poor prognosis in TNBC patients. Many small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials to treat TNBC patients. In the previous study, we found that N-phenylpyrazoline small molecule acts as a protein kinase inhibitor in cervical cancer cells. However, there remains unknown about N-phenyl pyrazoline potency as a kinase inhibitor and its anti-cancer activity in TNBC cells. In this study, we investigated the activity of N-phenyl pyrazoline against TNBC cells via tyrosine kinase inhibition. Based on the MTT assay, the IC50 values for the N-phenyl pyrazoline 2, 5, A, B, C, and D against Hs578T were 12.63 µM, 3.95 µM, not available, 18.62 µM, 30.13 µM, and 26.79 µM, respectively. While only P5 exhibited the IC50 against MDA MB 231 (21.55 µM). Further, N-phenyl pyrazoline 5 treatment significantly inhibited the cell proliferation rate of Hs578T and MDA MB 231 cells. The migration assay showed that treatment with the compound N-phenyl pyrazoline 5 with 4 µM concentration significantly reduced cell migration of Hs578T cells. N-phenyl pyrazoline 5 treatment at 1 µM and 2 µM was able to reduce the tumorsphere size of Hs578t cells. A combination treatment of P5 and paclitaxel showed a synergistic effect with a combination index score > 1 in both TNBC cells. Further, the P5 predictively targeted the protein kinases that significantly correlated to breast cancer prognosis. The GSEA analysis result shows that receptor tyrosine kinase, Notch3, Notch4, and Ephrin signaling pathways were targeted by P5. The P5 treatment reduced the EGFR expression level and activation in TNBC cells., (© 2024. The Author(s).)