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In this study, a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)-infected mouse periodontitis model was used to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on differentiation and maturation of cultured osteoclast. Four-week-old C57BL/6JJcl mice were divided into four groups according to the diets they were fed from the beginning of the experiment (i.e., food containing omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids) and whether they were orally administered P.g. Thirty-three days after beginning the experiment, bone marrow cells were sampled from the femoral bone of mice from each group and differentiated into osteoclasts; the effects of the ingestion of different fatty acids were subsequently investigated. There was no statistical interaction between the different fatty acids and P.g. infection on the number of osteoclasts (P = 0.6). However, the fatty acid type affected the number of osteoclasts in mice (P = 0.0013), with the omega-3 groups demonstrating lower osteoclast numbers than the omega-6 groups. Furthermore, the addition of resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is an omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediator, suppressed the differentiation of mouse cultured osteoclasts (P < 0.0001). Therefore, the ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids may suppress osteoclast differentiation while inhibiting bone resorption and tissue destruction due to periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out of 107 patients, 75 developed specific antibodies against measles. The appearance of the antibodies was observed mostly within 3 months after contraction and its disappearance within the period from 4 to 6 months. No difference was noted between the two sexes in regard to the rate of complement fixation, but when classified by age it was comparatively lower in the age group under 3 years as compared with that over 3 years. Similar antibody response was usually observed among members of the same family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Larger cerebral aneurysms are more likely to enlarge, but even small aneurysms can grow. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic characteristics regarding the growth of small aneurysms using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)., Methods: The authors analyzed 185 patients with 215 unruptured cerebral aneurysms with a maximum diameter of 3-5 mm, registered in a multicenter prospective observational study of unruptured aneurysms (Systematic Multicenter Study of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Based on Rheological Technique at Mie) from January 2013 to February 2022. Based on findings on repeated images, aneurysms were divided into a stable group (182 aneurysms) and a growth group (33 aneurysms). The authors developed the high shear concentration ratio (HSCR), in which high wall shear stress (HWSS) was defined as a value of 110% of the time-averaged wall shear stress of the dome. High shear area (HSA) was defined as the area with values above HWSS, and the ratio of the HSA to the surface area of the dome was defined as the HSA ratio (HSAR). They also created the flow concentration ratio (FCR) to measure the concentration of the inflow jet. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine morphological variables and hemodynamic parameters that independently characterized the risk of growth., Results: The growth group had a significantly higher projection ratio (0.74 vs 0.67, p = 0.04) and volume-to-ostium area ratio (1.72 vs 1.44, p = 0.02). Regarding the hemodynamic parameters, the growth group had significantly higher HSCR (6.39 vs 4.98, p < 0.001), lower HSAR (0.28 vs 0.33, p < 0.001), and lower FCR (0.61 vs 0.67, p = 0.005). In multivariate analyses, higher HSCR was significantly associated with growth (OR 0.81, 95% CI 7.06 e-1 to 9.36 e-1; p = 0.004)., Conclusions: HSCR may be a useful hemodynamic parameter to predict the growth of small unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor electric toothbrush on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm., Methods: P. gingivalis cells were cultivated on sterilized coverslips under anaerobic conditions and were used as a biofilm. To evaluate the efficacy of the solar-powered TiO2 electric toothbrush on the P. gingivalis biofilm, the bacterial cell biofilm coverslips were placed into sterilized phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and brushed for 1 minute. Following mechanical brushing, the coverslips were stained with 1% crystal violet (CV) for 10 seconds at room temperature. The efficacy of P. gingivalis biofilm removal by the solar-powered TiO2 electric toothbrush was measured through the absorbance of the CV-stained solution containing the removed biofilm at 595 nm. The antimicrobial effect of the solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor was evaluated by the P. gingivalis bacterial count in PBS by blacklight irradiation for 0 to 60 minutes at a distance of 7 cm. The electrical current though the solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor was measured by a digital multimeter. The biofilm removal by the solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor was also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)., Results: The biofilm removal rate of the solar-powered TiO2 electric toothbrush was 90.1 ± 1.4%, which was 1.3-fold greater than that of non-solar-powered electric toothbrushes. The solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor significantly decreased P. gingivalis cells and biofilm microbial activity in a time-dependent manner (P< 0.01). The electrical current passing through the solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor was 70.5 ± 0.1 µA, which was a 27-fold higher intensity than the non-solar-powered brush. SEM analysis revealed that the solar-powered TiO2 semiconductor caused a biofilm disruption and that cytoplasmic contents were released from the microbial cells.