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Dairy cows may infrequently give milk tinged with blood after calving, which is a condition termed haemolactia. Economic losses for dairy farmers are caused by cases of haemolactia because of the condemnation of such milk, potential contamination of good bulk tank milk with haemolactic milk, and need for veterinarian intervention. This study was performed to elucidate the oxidative status of dairy cows with haemolactia during the peripartum period.

Background: The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is useful for preventing hamstring strain injuries. However, its adoption rates in the sports field are currently low, necessitating a safe and efficient introduction. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to examine the relationship between the eccentric force during the NHE and the one repetition maximum of deadlift. It was hypothesized that the eccentric force during the NHE would be correlated with the one repetition maximum (1RM) of the deadlift. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Healthy student rugby players with no history of hamstring tears were recruited to participate. The peak eccentric forces during the NHE, which is the vertical peak force on the part holding the leg, were measured in both legs, while gradually leaning forward to a prone position over three seconds. The 1RM of deadlift was calculated from the weight that could be raised three times during a deadlift (x kg) using the estimated formula (x kg / 0.93). The correlation between the left and right peak eccentric forces during the NHE, the total left and right forces, and the 1RM of the deadlift was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, with all values corrected for body mass. Results: During the NHE, the peak eccentric force of the right and left legs and the total peak eccentric force of both legs were 3.8 ± 1.1 N/BM, 3.8 ± 1.2 N/BM, and 7.6 ± 2.1 N/BM, respectively. The 1RM of deadlift was 1.9 ± 0.3 kg/BM. Weak correlations (r = 0.34–0.37) were found between the 1RM of the deadlift and the peak eccentric force in the right and left legs and the total peak eccentric force of both legs. Conclusion: The present study revealed a weak correlation between the peak eccentric force during the NHE and 1RM of deadlift Level of Evidence: 2c [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study showed that daily six maximal eccentric contractions that were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks increased maximal voluntary isometric (MVC‐ISO), concentric (MVC‐CON), and eccentric contraction (MVC‐ECC) strength of the elbow flexors and muscle thickness of biceps brachii and brachialis (MT) by 8.3 ± 4.9%, 11.1 ± 7.4%, 13.5 ± 11.5%, and 10.6 ± 5.1%, respectively. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscle strength and MT would still increase when the training intensity was reduced to 2/3 or 1/3 of the peak MVC‐ECC torque. Thirty‐six healthy young (19–24 years) adults who had not performed resistance training were placed to three groups (n = 12/group): 2/3MVC or 1/3MVC that performed six eccentric contractions with 2/3 or 1/3 MVC‐ECC load using a dumbbell 5 days a week for 4 weeks or control group that did not perform any training. Changes in the MVC‐ISO, MVC‐CON, MVC‐ECC torque, and MT before and after the 4‐week period were compared among the groups and with the group of the previous study in which six maximal eccentric contractions were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks (MVC group; n = 12). The control and 1/3MVC groups showed no significant changes in any measures. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in MVC‐ISO (10.3 ± 11.4%), MVC‐CON (10.9 ± 9.5%), and MVC‐ECC (9.3 ± 8.8%) torque and MT (10.1 ± 9.2%) were observed for the 2/3MVC group. These changes were not significantly different from those of the MVC group. These results suggest that the 2/3‐intensity eccentric contractions with a dumbbell are as effective as maximal‐intensity isokinetic eccentric contractions to induce muscle adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kahalalides, originally isolated from the sacoglossan mollusk Elysia rufescens , have been found in various Elysia and Bryopsis species, with over 20 variants identified to date. These compounds are biosynthesized by Candidatus Endobryopsis kahalalidefaciens within Bryopsis species. In this study, we report the isolation and structural determination of a new cyclic depsipeptide, mebamamide C (1), from Bryopsis sp. The planar structure was determined by spectroscopic data analyses, and the absolute configurations were determined using Marfey's method and modified Mosher's method. Additionally, our study explores the chemical relationship between Bryopsis algae and Elysia mollusks. The individual chemical profiles of these marine organisms highlight a fascinating aspect of marine chemical ecology. The distinct, species-specific chemical profiles observed in Elysia species imply the possibility of a symbiotic relationship with the kahalalide-producing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in red foxes which mated naturally or were subjected to artificial insemination were retrospectively surveyed using 130 vixens during their reproductive seasons of 2012–2017 in Japan. Material and Methods: Natural mating vixens were encouraged a maximum of three times with the same male, while artificial insemination was conducted using frozen-thawed semen with the bovine semen extender as a diluent. Results: With natural mating, conception rates after one, two, and three copulations were 55.8%, 68.0%, and 85.7%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the rates for one and three copulations. Conception rates with artificial insemination were 82.4%. Mean gestation periods were between 52.1 and 53.3 days in all groups. Mean litter sizes were 3.7–4.3 cubs with natural mating, and 4.4 cubs with artificial insemination. Although some sporadic and inconsistent changes in litter sizes were noted between primiparous and multiparous groups, these were of doubtful clinical importance. Conclusion: This is the first report from Japan concerning basic breeding events of red fox vixens in captivity.