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Austenitic stainless steels are very famous for their extraordinary resistance to corrosion, but they lack hardness. To overcome the above problem, several curing processes such as nitriding, carburizing, Carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing and Cyaniding are preferred. The AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel selected for this project work were divided into four specimens of dimensions 8 mm in diameter and 42 mm in length. Among the four samples, three were subjected to salt bath nitriding process for about 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 180 minutes at 570°C, respectively and one sample were kept untreated for comparing the results with the processed ones. Followed by case hardening, the samples were subjected to wear test using a pin-on disc machine at constant load and constant speed, 30N and 1000rpm, respectively. Then the hardness of the three specimens along with the untreated specimen were tested with a Rockwell hardness machine. All samples were undergonewith scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure analysis. And finallythe treated and untreated specimenresults were examined and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical machining processes are being used in the utilization of cutting fluids, cutting fluids improves machining efficiency while also extending tool life by lowering temperature and friction during the machining process. The "flood flow system" is a typical coolant applicant technique in which a huge volume of liquid/coolant is continuously applied to the cutting field. This plan is incredibly inefficient first and foremost, a huge amount of cutting fluid is required secondly the cutting fluids unable to pass through the cutting zone to chip hardness. However, because of the unregulated use of fluid for cutting, there is a risk of economics and environment burden. As a result, a highly practical bridging technology known as "Minimum amount lubrication" was developed. Fluid for cutting/ coolant isdelivered to the cutting field at low rate in this technology. High pressure fluid is sprayed into the scraps is supplied to the cutting field at a very low rate in this technology. Fluid is sprays at high pressure into the cuttings zone, whichhas been combined with compressed air. The "Mist Flow System" is a method of administering cutting fluid/ coolant. This technology necessitates the use of a pneumatic spray nozzle. It is capable of atomizing the fluid with compressedair in the desired ratio and delivering a controlled or (regulated) spray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Martensitic stainless steel has less corrosion resistance, great hardness, wear resistance and strength, but absence of ductility. Therefore, annealing processes have been picked out to stabilize the property of ductility. The specimens were taken in the cylindrical shapefor a dimension of 42 mm length and 09 mm diameter. Later the specimens were annealed to a temperature of 723°C, 823°C, 923°C and were named as A1, A2 and A3 respectively. The untreated specimen is kept aside comparison of results. Wear test were undergone for all the specimens with the help of pin on disc wear testing machine. All the specimens were undergone through scanning electron microscope for changes in microstructure. The results were compared and the best specimens were chosen for the needed application. It was noted that, phase change from martensite stage to residual austenite were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forming limit diagrams and strain distribution profile diagrams for exceptionally deep drawing steel at ambient and increased temperatures were generated using a custom-built warm stretch forming tooling setup. The formability of Extra Deep Drawing steel was investigated by combining mechanical properties such as strain hardening COEFFICIENT (n) and normal anisotropy (r) utilising forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) and strain, distribution profile diagrams. At room temperature to 450°C, the work hardening exponent (n), anisotropy (r-), and strength coefficient were calculated and discussed. Fractured surfaces were explored for metallurgical and formability relationships with EDD steel sheets after stretching. They are compatible with FLDs across a wide temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People use heatpipes in a variety of ways to move heat from one end to the other. It is possible to have different types of "wick" inside a heat pipe. Grooved wick heatpipes can move heat against gravity by evaporating and then condensing. In the present investigation, experimental analysis on grooved wick heatpipe is performed. In the experiment performance analysis is conducted for various heat inputs and cooling flow rates at condenser zone for grooved wick heatpipe. From the experimental data, calculated the thermal resistance and heat transfer co-efficient by standard formulae of the heatpipe. It was found that with increase in heat input, the heat transfer co-efficient also increases, but thermal resistance decreases. Also concluded that with increase in flow rate at the condenser end, the efficiency of the heat pipe also increases. For the numerical analysis, grooved wick heatpipe is modeled by using Solidworks (2020) of the available standard size. ANSYS FLUENT was used to investigate the thermal performance of heatpipe and analyze the multi-phase process. The design parameters and boundary conditions are taken from the experimentation and performed CFD analysis. The temperature distributions, volume fractions of vapour and velocity variations are found. A comparison is being made between the experimentation and CFD simulation and found that there is a deviation of 10 to 12 % between these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]