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Shank is a post-synaptic scaffolding protein that has many binding partners. Shank mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) are linked to several psychiatric disorders, and to synaptic and behavioral defects in mice. It is not known which Shank binding partners are responsible for these defects. Here we show that the C. elegans SHN-1/Shank binds L-type calcium channels and that increased and decreased shn-1 gene dosage alter L-channel current and activity-induced expression of a CRH-1/CREB transcriptional target (gem-4 Copine), which parallels the effects of human Shank copy number variations (CNVs) on Autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. These results suggest that an important function of Shank proteins is to regulate L-channel current and activity induced gene expression.

Shank is a post-synaptic scaffolding protein that has many binding partners. Shank mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) are linked to several psychiatric disorders, and to synaptic and behavioral defects in mice. It is not known which Shank binding partners are responsible for these defects. Here we show that the C. elegans SHN-1/Shank binds L-type calcium channels and that increased and decreased shn-1 gene dosage alter L-channel current and activity- induced expression of a CRH-1/CREB transcriptional target (gem-4 Copine), which parallels the effects of human Shank copy number variations (CNVs) on Autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. These results suggest that an important function of Shank proteins is to regulate L-channel current and activity induced gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid growth in the use of distributed generations in low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) network is attributed the distribution systems ‘active’, which has made distribution power flow analysis a hot area of research. In this paper, a droop control based distribution power flow formulation is proposed and realized in the dc domain, which is independent of the various assumptions made in existing distribution power flow methods, e.g., unconstrained slack bus capacity, fixed power loads and generations, low R / X ratio etc. And, these assumptions are ill-suited to low and medium voltage systems in both autonomous and grid-connected topology, usually powered by small generators, intermittent renewable sources and also considering the high-resistance interconnecting power lines. The proposed method ensures performance enhancement with better load sharing among sources within the allowable limit. An optimization based numerical solution approach is used for solving the proposed technique. The performance of the system is investigated using a 10-bus low voltage microgrid system and on three IEEE distribution networks, viz., 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated and compared with existing literature works in terms of reduced power losses, improved voltage profile, R / X sensitivity, and maximum loading point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the concept of 'Design for Disassembly' which deals with structures that can be erected, modified and eventually even dismantled without leaving any debris on site. Design for Disassembly (DfD) is one topic that is gaining attention around the world today due to its sustainable features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]