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Correlation between the BOD/COD ratio and Partition coefficient of octanol/ water (Pow) on a single organic substance shows that the Pow value is directly proportional to the toxicity level and inversely proportional to BOD/COD ratio. This research examined the correlation to a mixture of organic substances. The objective is to obtain a varied range of substances, as well as determining the quality of wastewater discharging to fresh waters. Need for analysis of organic substances used as antiseptics during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, organic substances from the organophosphate pesticide class, diazinon, were used. BOD5, COD, Pow, and LC50-96h toxicity tests using Daphnia magna were used. Six types of the mixture of organic substances included diazinon-formaldehyde-isopropyl alcohol, ethanol-oxalic acid-formaldehyde, isopropyl alcohol-glycerol-lactose, acetic acid-isopropyl alcohol-formaldehyde, sucrose-glycerol-acetic acid, and oxalic acid-formaldehyde-diazinon, with 3 different concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/L, three repetitions. The lowest BOD/COD ratio (4) are found in diazinon-formaldehyde-IPA. Its toxicity in D. magna also showed the lowest LC-50 (11.82 mg/L). Whereas, sucrose-glycerol-acetic acid had the highest BOD/COD ratio (>0.7) and lowest Pow (

Introduction: Indoor bioaerosol is one of the factors of sick building syndrome that needs to be controlled for the health of building occupants. Control of bioaerosols is a daily obligation for occupants, but can be alleviated through a building design approach, so that the potential negative effects of bioaerosols are minimized. This study aims to fill the criteria for controlling bioaerosols at the building design stage, in addition to the operational use of the building. Methods: This literature study on indoor bioaerosols uses the Mendeley Reference Manager platform with the search phrase indoor bioaerosols. The selection of literature based on open access journals, in English, excluded the indoor production process. Results: In the perspective of the building infrastructure design, the ventilation system is an opening facility between indoor and outdoor, as a mechanism for air flow and quality balance between the two spaces. The implementation can be in the form of fixed openings in walls, openings that can be opened and closed manually or mechanically, including windows and doors. Effective reduction of bioaerosol concentration needs to sit up the type of ventilation that is adapted to the function of indoor use and occupancy load. The ventilation method is supported by a chemical method, which is appropriate for control in food service rooms and sanitation services. Conclusion: The bioaerosol control strategy can start from the design of the building by the designer and continue to the implementation and maintenance of the building by the occupants.

Most of the total peatland area in Kalimantan Island and particularly in Central Kalimantan Province is suitable for agricultural development. This condition provides a great opportunity for the development of peatlands for the cultivation of traditional medicinal plants. The local society in their daily lives could not be separated from the inherent elements of tradition even though the development of science and technology is currently very fast. One of the traditional elements that are inherent at this time is the use of medicinal plants as a solution in treating various diseases. The research was conducted in Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province by conducting interviews to determine the type of selected medicinal plants and carrying out experiments for examining their ability to absorb carbon dioxide and to grow in peatland conditions. The results of the study of four types of traditional medicinal plants show that there is great potential for two types of plants, namely Semar Bags and Karamunting, whose implementation fulfills biodiversity in an agricultural land ecosystem.

The use of disinfectants is intensive and widespread during the pandemic. Disinfectants are mixed with various organic waste water substances, and also resuspend from the soil surface during the rainy season, which are eventually discharged into river waters. This study aimed to assess the potential of alcohol in detoxifying wastes containing organic substances so as to secure their disposal into water bodies. Preparation of organic substance solutions, aquatic test biota, and measurement of substance concentration parameters, as well as substance toxicity to biota, were all carried out using international standard laboratory protocols. In addition, real wastewater containing various organic substances was also investigated. It was revealed that the toxicity rating of organic substances to microbes was in line with their toxicity rating to zebrafish aquatic biota indicator. The toxicity rating of organic substances to microbes was expressed in the ratio of biological to chemical oxygen demand. The acute lethal concentration of half the number of zebrafish was a rating of the toxicity of organic substances to aquatic biota. Both of these toxicity measures were closely related to the solubility properties of substances in organic matter, which were expressed as octanol water partition coefficient values. A very important finding was the potential of alcohol to detoxify wastewater containing mixed organic substances to secure its discharge into water bodies. This supports the continued use of alcohol disinfectants as a health protocol in daily life.

Black carbon aerosol is able to absorb solar radiation and the earth's surface, which results in warming of the air. In addition, aerosols that are directly absorbed through inhalation can have a negative impact on human health. Meanwhile, the ability of air to reduce the level of pollution is the deconcentrating of pollutants through abiotic mechanisms in the form of distribution, dilution, precipitation and washing when it rains. To strengthen the abiotic approach, this study aims to develop a biotic strategy by preparing plants capable of deconcentrating black carbon. The research method is based on a literature review, which specifically addresses the issue of black carbon. Literature is collected from the Mendeley platform and enriched through resource searches in open access journals. The results obtained are cleaning priorities for the closest source of aerosol generation, plant placement in priority areas, selection of plant species, intensification of vegetation quality and management of land cover extensification. The contribution of biotic strategies and phytoremediation pathways enhances the aerosol cleaning process. Plant maintenance and regeneration determine the sustainability of aerosol phytoremediation.

Reactive Nitrogent (Nr) is produced from natural and for human activity, the use of fuel, the activities of industry, and agriculture. Nr from agriculture is used to produce food crops, but excess Nr will have an impact on the surrounding land. Landfill also generates Nr from the decomposition of waste which then releases leachate containing Nr. This study aims to determine the value of Nr generated by landfills, the effect of Nr on the environment, and the performance of Nr when used in CW. Review papers are collected from several studies and publications that have been conducted or published. Nr commonly found in leachate landfills are NH4, NH3, NO2, and NO3. The performance Nr present in landfill leachate at CW can be used for proper plant development and growth, which significantly increases and enhances its quality and yield by playing an important role in the biochemical and physiological functions of plants. In addition, the content of hazardous substances in landfill leachate can also be processed using CW. This review paper discusses the effects of Nr from human activities ending up in landfills. Landfill leachate with Nr content can be used in CW for plant growth.

A healthy and sustainable indoor space was one of the goals of a building, which was an important concern of architects in designing and using it. Design arrangements can be approached physically, such as the use of air vents, lighting, and layout arrangements. However, now the paradigm of using a natural approach has been intensive. In this regard, this paper focuses on the greening of indoor spaces, both for the prevention and restoration of indoor room quality. The study methodology was a survey of existing research results in many countries, and a selection of up-to-date, current data. The results of the literature research obtained are related to the purpose of indoor greening, which is none other than to achieve the goal of green building. Its main target was biodiversity in the prevention of negative health effects and indoor phytoremediation.

Soil quality is rich in various substances, as well as a rich variety of uses for life, which leads to the potential for pollution. Once soils are polluted, remediation is mitigative and must be carried out, which has been the focus of many studies so far. However, preventive remediation is the focus of the novelty of this study, which aims to prepare predictive methods. This is a literature review of various studies over the last ten years, which are related to soil quality indicators through the respiration process. Based on the soil microbial respiration process platform, which contains various substances, the results of this study found three preventive remediation methods, namely indicators of substance reactants, gas products, and toxicity to microbes. The three methods simply require measuring the parameters of biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand, in addition to specific measurements of carbon dioxide and microbial enumeration. The advantage of the preventive remediation method is the application of soil response indicators to various types and amounts of contaminants. The implementation of preventive remediation is prior to building infrastructure, which is able to predict changes in soil quality through monitoring, thereby minimizing the potential for mitigative remediation.

This study aimed at assessing the ability of sunflower to remediate zinc (Zn) impacted soils and the partitioning factors of Zn in soil-plants interactions. The research method used ex situ experiments using teddy bear sunflower seeds with 8 different treatments for each. This began with the preparation of the sample soil media on garden soil, and the seeding of sunflower seeds. This research was carried out for six months starting in August - December 2020, with Helianthus annuus plants with variations of the Zn. Various concentrations of Zn were applied, ranging from 50 ppm to 350 ppm. Laboratory analysis of Zn was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The research results have revealed that roots have the ability to translocate more Zn than shoots, which suggests a phytoremediation mechanism. Sunflower plants are able to translocate Zn, which proves it reliable for phytoremediation of Zn-polluted soil.

Cyanobacteria were considered harmful to other living organisms, due to their microcystin content. In addition, uncontrolled populations of cyanobacteria, also known as algal blooms, occur both naturally and as a result of human activity, leading to the development of more complex problems. These microorganisms are currently receiving a lot of attention, as several investigations have considered successful applications of reducing exposure to nature, causing reduced risks to ecosystems, and providing benefits to human life. This study aims to provide answers to current problems, by providing a different perspective on cyanobacteria. Furthermore, it is for the benefits of cyanobacteria for the environment in accordance with the recommendations in some of the literature on previous research results.

In this article, a theoretical approach is focusing on the use of mixed plants to remediate polluted environmental media. Essential conditions should be performed, particularly in supporting plant growth, the safety factor for consumers and the use of amendments in improving the efficiency of phytoremediation. In general, it takes more than one type of the plant to be more effective in restoring a polluted environment. For this purpose, the selected plant species mus synergistically eliminate the types of pollutants present in the environmental media. Thus, the mixed plants process becomes very effective in removing many of the pollutants on site. In practice, mixed plants operations could be selected from one or a combination of simultaneous, sequential or alternating patterns, all of which must be adapted to polluted media conditions.

The purpose of this review is to give an up to date overview of the existing literature on water evaporation from the sand. The paper summarizes the factors influencing evaporation rates in water evaporation from sand such as solar radiation, air temperature, air moisture, the temperature at the water-table, relative humidity of the air, depth of the ground water table, wind speed, vapor pressure difference, sand capillary, hydraulic conductivity and particle size of sand. Limitations and constraints identifying existing gaps are discussed, as well as the potential applicability.

The purpose of this study was to obtain the removal efficiency values from glucose, ammonium and formaldehyde based on toxicity units. The nitrification process is applied using nitrifying bacteria and the process of plants using water hyacinth. The toxicity tests used were bacterial respiration test and test with batch reactor system for plants. The results show that the EC50 value of formaldehyde was smaller than ammonium and glucose. Formaldehyde was the most toxic substance among these substances, but its detoxification efficiency was high; this may be due to an antagonistic effect (from toxic to less toxic) mixture of substances.

This paper review research works on BOD/COD ratio toxicity to three bioindicators, namely: Daphnia magna, Artemia salina, and Brachydanio rerio. Treatment methods are divided into natural, biological, physical, chemical, combined treatment, and phytotechnology for various types of processing operations such as municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, various effluent treatment, landfill leachate, and organic matter. A. salina shows the lowest toxicity value of the BOD/COD ratio and shows it can withstand processing conditions that are not biodegradable. Then followed by B. rerio and D. magna. Furthermore, the disposal limits are standardized for the protection of freshwater biota. In addition, it must be considered whether there is any other potential of disposal into the receiving environment, and if so, what form of disposal and how much, to protect the biota.

Review of sharia construction management aimed to evaluate the performance of housing projects by the contractor in Jember district of East Java, Indonesia. This review results generate eight service factors include aesthetics, convenience, guarantees, responses, reliability, performance, facilities, durability, environmental friendliness, and Islamic values in design. User performance factors can affect guarantees on contract agreements, payment, design, document and file, the condition of force majeure, building damage, disruption and intimidation. The housing procurement project so that it can be repaired and improved with the regression model used to evaluated and predicted the performance of the contractor.

Disposable diaper waste harms the environment and human health. Composting has gained attention for diaper waste recovery because of cost-effectiveness and wastes conversion into value-added products. Cyanobacteria advantages over other microorganisms to enhance the disposable diapers composting has studied. This research aimed to determine the affection of Spirulina platensis, which is one of the Cyanobacteria species, in the diapers composting. Given the complexity of separating materials, the process involves all parts of disposable diapers. The reactor volume is 30 litres, made of clear plastic to allow Spirulina absorbs light to carry out photosynthesis. A total of 3 kg of disposable diapers composted together with 7 kg of food waste, 250 grams of rice husks as a bulking agent, and pure culture of S. platensis with various density: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 million of sinusoids. All composting reactors operated in triplicates. The parameters analyzed were organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, C / N ratio, moisture content, pH, and temperature. After a 6-week composting process, compost with the 6.0 million sinusoids attained the highest degradation rate and the total nitrogen 47% higher than the control. The final compost had good quality and accomplished the limits set in the national regulation. It can be used as a growing medium, as shown in the phytotoxicity tests performed using maize and cayenne pepper. It is a feasible and affordable option for the valorization of disposable diapers, which can apply on a small or home-scale by the community.

Kegiatan pembangunan yang diiringi dengan perkembangan teknologi pada sektor transportasi, permukiman, dan industri menyumbangkan emisi akibat penggunaan bahan bakar fosil berupa gas Karbon Dioksida (CO2) yang menyebabkan dampak menurunnya kualitas udara dan lingkungan. Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) sebagai rosot karbon (carbon sink) perlu dievaluasi mengenai ketercukupan nya dalam penyerapan CO2 serta perlu dilakukan perencanaan RTH untuk waktu yang akan datang agar dapat terwujudnya lingkungan yang sustainable. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan mengenai jumlah emisi primer CO2 dan kecukupan RTH dalam menyerap emisi CO2 berdasarkan luasan RTH Publik di wilayah Zona Barat Kota Surabaya, kemudian dilakukan perencanaan mengenai evaluasi RTH untuk mencukupi kebutuhan daya serap emisi tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian, emisi CO2 di Zona Barat Kota Surabaya dari sektor transportasi, permukiman, dan industri sebesar 3.864.836 ton CO2 / tahun dan kemampuan daya serap RTH Publik pada daerah tersebut sebesar 69.004,54 ton CO2 / tahun. Setelah dilakukan evaluasi dan upaya peningkatan daya serap CO2 dengan penggantian dan penambahan vegetasi pohon pelindung serta penambahan luas RTH, didapatkan penaikan daya serap RTH sebesar 415.014 ton CO2 / tahun.

Emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) merupakan salah satu penyebab dari pencemaran udara dan pemanasan global. Kota Surabaya merupakan ibukota Provinsi Jawa Timur, dimana terjadi pertumbuhan pada setiap sektor kegiatan atau aktivitas yang menghasilkan emisi CO2. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan analisis kemampuan daya serap emisi CO2 oleh Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di Kota Surabaya, khususnya wilayah Zona Tenggara Kota Surabaya. penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur, pengumpulan data sekunder, dan studi kasus berupa perencanaan RTH selama 25 tahun kedepan atau sampai dengan tahun 2045. Perhitungan kemampuan daya serap emisi CO2 oleh RTH eksisting dilakukan berdasarkan luas area RTH dan daya serap tanaman yang berada pada RTH eksisting tersebut. Luas RTH eksisting di Zona Tenggara Kota Surabaya adalah 357,3 ha, dengan kemampuan daya serap terhadap emisi CO2 sebesar 372.121,74 ton/tahun. RTH publik eksisting mampu menyerap emisi CO2 sebesar 27,48% dari keseluruhan emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan yaitu sebesar 1.354.162,74 ton CO2/tahun.

This paper was presented to determine the volume unit of indoor based on the human carbon footprint. Thepurpose of this approach was to formulate the ideal dimensions of an indoor, which was able to maintainhuman health. The basis for determining the dimensions was adapted to tropical conditions. For users innon-tropical areas, slight adjustments to temperature and ventilation may be required.Some examples ofindoor dimension evaluation and planning were presented in this paper. In general, it was obtained that theindoor dimension could be found using the volume unit of a healthy room of3.0 m3/person/hour. The volumeunit was linear with the number of users and time of existence in the room. This contributed significantly topeople, who can easily and quickly find out the dimensions of space according to their needs.

Tumbuhan akutik dikenal masyarakat sebagai tanaman hias dalam kolam/taman air karena bentuk, warna daun ataupun bunga yang indah. Selain bernilai estetik, tumbuhan akuatik memiliki nilai ekologi yang tinggi, salah satunya dalam fitoteknologi. Fitoteknologi dapat diterapkan dalam fitoproteksi, fitoremediasi, fitomonitoring maupun fitoforensik pencemaran lingkungan. Pencemaran lingkungan oleh logam berat dapat menganggu ekosistem dan membahayakan kesehatan manusia, bila terserap dan terakumulasi dalam tubuh, bahkan berakibat kematian. Logam berat toksik dan merupakan pencemar di semua media lingkungan, adalah Pb (timbal) dan Cd (kadmium). Penelitian fitoforensik masih belum banyak dilakukan. Dimana pendekatan fitoforensik digunakan dalam melacak target spesifik suatu pencemar masuk dalam tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui lokasi spesifik pencemar logam berat Pb dan Cd dalam tumbuhan Acanthus ilicifolius (Jeruju) dan Coix lacryma-jobi (Jali). Penelitian menggunakan material tumbuhan akuatik dari Kebun Raya Purwodadi – LIPI dilakukan mulai Nopember 2013 sampai Desember 2014, pada rumah kaca dan laboratoriumTeknik Lingkungan - ITS. Variasi yang digunakan meliputi: (1) variasi zat pencemaran (Pb dan Cd), (2) variasi jenis tumbuhan (Jeruju dan Jali) dan (3) variasi jumlah tumbuhan (tiga dan lima individu) dalam reaktor. Metode analisis logam berat menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Hasil perpindahan dan penyerapan logam Pb pada tumbuhan Acanthus ilicifolius (Jeruju) 3 individu di akar 8.958 ppm, batang 33,5 ppm dan daun 27,7 ppm; pada 5 individu di akar 8.850 ppm, batang 119,6 ppm dan daun 44,5 ppm. Untuk logam Cd pada 3 individu di akar 237,2 ppm, batang 2,72 ppm dan daun 1,06 ppm, pada 5 individu di akar 147,2 ppm, batang 4,2 ppm dan daun 3,26 ppm. Sedangkan perpindahan dan penyerapan logam Pb pada tumbuhan Coix lacryma-jobi(Jali) 3 individu di akar 7.235 ppm, batang 149,2 ppm dan daun 250,7 ppm, pada 5 individu di akar 8.197 ppm, batang 242,8 ppm dan daun 274,5 ppm. Untuk logam Cd pada 3 individu di akar 174,9 ppm, batang 4,32 ppm dan daun 6,81ppm, pada 5 individu di akar 194,1 ppm, batang 2,93 ppm dan daun 18,1 ppm.

Perkembangan industri yang semakin pesat secara tidak langsung menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan di sekitarnya. Salah satunya adalah pencemaran tanah oleh logam berat yang dihasilkan dari hasil industri tersebut. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk meremediasi lahan tercemar yaitu dengan menggunakan tanaman (fitoremediasi). Jarak pagar ( Jatropha curcas ) merupakan tanaman tahunan dari famili Euphorbiaceae yang umumnya digunakan sebagai tanaman penghasil biodiesel, tanaman pembatas pagar dan tanaman hias. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji kemampuan jarak pagar dalam meremediasi Cd: untuk mengetahui pengaruh Cd terhadap tinggi tanaman dan luas daun; dan nilai persentase reduksi tanah yang tercemar Cd; dan nilai persentase akumulasi logam Cd dalam jarak pagar. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tanah taman; limbah Cd buatan dengan konsentrasi 5 ppm, 15 ppm, 25 ppm, 35 ppm dan 45 ppm; dan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (AAS) untuk pengujian logam berat Cd pada tanaman jarak pagar. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Cd berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan luas daun; nilai persentase reduksi tanah tercemar Cd yaitu sebesar 76-91%; jarak pagar mempunyai kemampuan dalam mengakumulasi Cd; dan nilai persentase akumulasi logam Cd dalam jarak pagar adalah 46-125%. Kata kunci: Logam Berat Cd, Jarak pagar ( Jatropha curcas ), Fitoremediasi ABSTRACT The rapid development of the industry indirectly lead to pollution of the surrounding environment. One of them is the contamination of the soil by the heavy metals resulting from the industry. The method that can be used to remediate contaminated land is by using plants (called phytoremediation). Jatropha curcas plant is an annual plant of the Euphorbiaceae family that is commonly used as a biodiesel producing plant, fence limiting plants and as ornamental plants. The purpose of this research is to assessing the ability of Jatropha curcas in remediating Cd; to know the effect of Cd on plant height and leaf area; and the percentage value of Cd contaminated soil reduction; and the percentage value of Cd metal accumulation in Jatropha curcas. This experimental study was conducted using garden land; artificial Cd waste with concentration 5 ppm, 15 ppm, 25 ppm, 35 ppm and 45 ppm; and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for testing of heavy metal Cd on Jatropha curcas. Data obtained from this research indicate that Cd effect on plant height and leaf area; the percentage value of contaminated soil reduction Cd is equal to 76-91%; Jatropha curcas has the ability to accumulate Cd; and the percentage value of Cd metal accumulation in Jatropha curcas is 46-125 % . Key Words: : Heavy Metal Cd, Jatropha curcas Plant, Phytoremediation

This study determined the ability of mixed plants of Helianthus annus, Zinnia elegans, and Impatiens balsamine to remove chromium (Cr) from soil. This research used respirometer to measure the respiration rate of microorganisms in soil media and Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry to measure Cr content on soil and plants. The results of the study showed that the plants were able to remove Cr from the soil as much as 74%. However, the removal enhanced by microbial activity on the rootzone.

This paper reports evaluation and planning of greenspace in the highlands region of Surabaya. Evaluation conducted by taking primary data related to the number of vehicles with traffic counting method and secondary data in the form of population, vegetation type, and pattern of greenspace vegetation planting. The calculation of the adequacy of greenspace is done by calculating the volume of carbon dioxide emissions by humans and vehicles. The calculation is then multiplied by the emission factor. In addition, it calculates absorption capacity of total carbon dioxide from the existing greenspace vegetation. The results showed that the existing vegetation could be preserved and enriched with the addition of vegetation species to absorb carbon dioxide gas emissions and in accordance with the laws and regulations.

Fosfat dari deterjen mampu mencemari lingkungan dengan kontribusi phosphate loading 25-30%. Salah satu metode untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah yang tercemar dengan biaya yang terjangkau bagi masyarakat sekitar yaitu dengan menggunakan metode fitoremediasi dengan menggunakan tanaman kenaf. Tujuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan analisa mengenai efisiensi penurunan nilai konsentrasi fosfat pada tanah Inceptisols yang tercemar limbah laundry dengan menggunakan tanaman kenaf. Penelitian utama dilakukan selama 28 hari. Variabel yang diujikan terdiri dari 3 faktor, yaitu variasi konsentrasi fosfat limbah laundry, variasi varietas tanaman kenaf yang menggunakan varietas KR11 dan KR15, dan variasi umur kenaf, yaitu 30 dan 45 hari. Parameter yang diukur antara lain, konsentrasi fosfat, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman serta pH tanah, C-Organik tanah, berat isi tanah dan permeabilitas tanah. Penentuan kadar fosfat dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh diuji dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) pada EXCEL dan dilakukan dengan uji F taraf 5%. Efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi fosfat tertinggi pada limbah laundry terdapat pada tanaman kenaf varietas KR15 dengan usia 45 hari yaitu sebesar 55,28% dan 52,43% untuk masing-masing konsentrasi 25% dan 50%.

Berkembangnya populasi penduduk serta banyak industri kecil seperti industri tahu dan industri batik kebanyakan menyatu dengan penduduk. Selain itu, kebanyakan dari hasil kegiatan tersebut membuang limbah cair langsung kebadan air sehingga mencemari dan dapat menganggu kesehatan. Wetland atau lahan basah merupakan salah satu teknologi pengolahan air limbah dengan menggunakan tumbuhan air. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan pengolahan air limbah menggunakan mixed aquatic plant yang difokuskan pada kemampuan tumbuhan air terhadap penurunan kontaminan yang nantinya dapat diterapkan dibadan air. Pengumpulan data didapatkan dari jurnal internasional maupun nasional, prosiding, peraturan yang berlaku, tugas akhir, tesis, dan disertasi. ada lebih dari satu jenis kontaminan yang ada pada badan air. Hasil studi menunjukkan penurunan kontaminan dalam pengolahan air limbah dengan menggunakan mixed plant sebagai agen bioremediasi lebih efektif untuk kontaminan yang lebih komplek dengan kemampuan tiap tumbuhan dalam menyerap polutan berbeda.

Pencemaran lingkungan di Kota Surabaya terus meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan penduduk dan keterbatasan sarana sanitasi yang kurang baik. Pencemaran lingkungan ini didominasi limbah domestik sehingga perlu sistem pengolahan yang efektif dan efisien dalam mengurangi senyawa polutan. Teknologi Constructed wetland merupakan sistem pengolahan terkontrol yang telah didesain dan dibangun menggunakan proses alami yang melibatkan vegetasi, media, dan mikroorganisme untuk mengolah air limbah domestik. Teknologi ini dapat diterapkan untuk skala perumahan baik individu atau secara komunal. Rusunawa Grudo Surabaya merupakan rusun yang belum memiliki IPAL untuk mengolah greywater . Perencanaan sistem Constructed wetland di Rusunawa Grudo Surabaya mempertimbangkan aspek kuantitas dan kualitas air limbah. Kualitas air limbah domestik menunjukkan nilai COD 329,81 mg/L, BOD 182,02 mg/L; dan TSS 103,33 mg/L, sedangkan kuantitas air limbah sebesar 33,6 m 3 /hari. Sistem ini terdiri dari unit ekualisasi, Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland dengan tanaman Cyperus alternifolius , dan kolam penampung. Hasil perencanaan menghasilkan efisiensi pengolahan seluruh sistem untuk COD, BOD, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 86%, 85%, dan 88%. Desain sistem IPAL menghasilkan luas permukaan 480 m 2 , kedalaman bed 0,5 m, beban pada bed (OLR) 12,75 gr BOD/m 2 .hari, beban hidrolik (HLR) 0,07 m 3 /m 2 .hari dengan waktu tinggal 3 hari. Kualitas efluen yang didapatkan menunjukkan nilai BOD 25 mg/L, COD 48,35 mg/L dan TSS 11,72 mg/L. Dihasilkan pula standar operasional dan perawatan IPAL serta biaya investasi seluruh sistem constructed wetland sebesar Rp. 412.007.328,00

Results of Environment agency laboratory test show the Surabaya’s clean water which still meet quality standards by the year 2008 reached 97.5% and decreased to 58.2% in 2009. Rungkut is one of the sub-districts in Surabaya where people fulfill their daily water by using well water or ground water. Nowadays, people feel their well water is not feasible in use for everyday needs anymore. This was due to the decreased quality of well water because the contamination of organic matter. These community services activities try to help Rungkut Sub-District people in meeting their water needs. Efforts will be preceded by a hearing, sampling groundwater at some point, and test the quality of the groundwater. The results of groundwater quality test obtained will be used to create a water treatment unit which can be operated simply by the community. Based on the groundwater quality test obtained, the pilot scale unit of groundwater treatment designed and installed using multiple tray aerator and carbon active filter combination. Multiple tray aerator installed for 3 steps of aeration and the carbon active filter contains 60% (volume by volume) carbon active media.

Lindi yang dihasilkan akibat dari proses dekomposisi sampah dapat mencemari air permukaan dan air tanah. Pemanfaatan lahan basah dengan tumbuhan air merupakan salah satu alternatif pengolahan lindi sebagai pengolahan lanjutan dari proses pengolahan primer, sekunder atau tersier. Tumbuhan air memegang peranan penting dalam proses perbaikan kualitas air limbah, terutama diaplikasikan dalam pengolahan lanjutan lindi. Pengolahan lindi dengan tumbuhan air efektif pada tumbuhan dengan akar panjang dan serabut. Tumbuhan dengan nilai TF dan BCF >1 menunjukkan tumbuhan bersifat hiperakumulator terhadap logam berat. Didapatkan 21 jenis tumbuhan air efektif terhadap pengolalahan lindi dengan tingkat konsentrasi yang dapat diterima adalah nitrogen (112-610 mg/L), fosfor (30-75 mg/L), BOD 5 (514-686 mg/L), COD (923,4-1279 mg/L), warna (1817-3360 Pt-Co), dan salinitas (3000-8000 mg/L).

Pencemaran Lingkungan di Kota Surabaya akan terus meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan penduduk dan keterbatasan sarana sanitasi yang kurang baik. Pencemaran lingkungan ini didominasi limbah domestik sehingga perlu sistem pengolahan yang efektif dan efisien dalam mendegradasi senyawa polutan. Teknologi Constructed wetland merupakan sistem pengolahan terencana atau terkontrol yang telah didesain dan dibangun menggunakan proses alami yang melibatkan vegetasi, media, dan mikroorganisme untuk mengolah air limbah domestik. Teknologi ini dapat diterapkan untuk skala perumahan baik individu atau secara komunal. Rusunawa Grudo Surabaya merupakan rusun yang belum memiliki IPAL untuk mengolah greywater, sehingga sistem Contructed wetland ini dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sanitasi lingkungan. Perencanaan sistem Constructed wetland di Rusunawa Grudo Surabaya mempertimbangkan aspek kuantitas dan kualitas air limbah. Kualitas air limbah domestik menunjukkan nilai COD 329.81 mg/L; BOD 182.02 mg/L; dan TSS 103.33 mg/L, sedangkan kuantitas air limbah 33.6 m3/hari. Sistem ini terdiri dari unit ekualisasi, Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland dengan tanaman Cyperus alternifolius, dan kolam penampung. Hasil perencanaan menunjukkan efisiensi pengolahan seluruh sistem untuk COD, BOD, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 86%, 85%, dan 88%. Desain sistem IPAL menghasilkan luas permukaan 480 m2, kedalaman bed 0,5 m, beban pada bed (OLR) 12.75 gr BOD/m2.hari, beban hidrolik (HLR) 0,07 m3/m2.hari dengan waktu tinggal 3 hari. Kualitas efluen yang didapatkan menunjukkan nilai BOD 25 mg/L, COD 48.35 mg/L dan TSS 11.72 mg/L. Dihasilkan standar operasional dan perawatan IPAL dan Biaya investasi seluruh sistem constructed wetland diperkirakan sebesar Rp.412.059.022.

This paper proposed three platforms for sustainable environmental sanitation to strengthen three pillars of sustainable development. Understanding of the sanitation scope was identified. Problem on polluted environment was added and accompanied by the products as environmental resources. Environmental resources, repression and remediation were proposed for the task of sustainable environmental sanitation in the future.

Industri tahu merupakan salah satu penghasil limbah cair apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik akan mengakibatkan permasalahan lingkungan. Fitotretmen adalah salah satu teknologi yang memanfaatkan tumbuhan untuk mengurangi polutan zat pencemar organik maupun anorganik di dalam tanah, sedimen, atau air. Tanaman kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) dapat digunakan dalam proses fitotretmen karena mampu mengurangi zat pencemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan penurunan kadar amonium dan BOD menggunakan tanaman kenaf untuk pengolahan limbah cair tahu. Penelitian ini menggunakan bed evapotranspirasi dengan sistem batch . Variabel yang digunakan adalah varietas jenis tanaman kenaf (KR 12 dan KR 15) dan konsentrasi limbah cair tahu 75% dan 50% (kadar amonium sama). Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 28 hari. Efisiensi removal tertinggi untuk penurunan kadar amonium pada adalah Kenaf 15 limbah cair tahu 50% adalah 99,58% (42,093 mg/L menjadi 0,178 mg/L). Efisiensi removal tertinggi untuk penurunan kadar BOD adalah Kenaf 15 limbah cair tahu 75% yaitu 96,59% (3371,25 menjadi 115,03 mg/L). Kata kunci: Kenaf, Amonium, BOD