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2. Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Wang T., Hoekzema K., Vecchio D., Wu H., Sulovari A., Coe B. P., Gillentine M. A., Wilfert A. B., Perez-Jurado L. A., Kvarnung M., Sleyp Y., Earl R. K., Rosenfeld J. A., Geisheker M. R., Han L., Du B., Barnett C., Thompson E., Shaw M., Carroll R., Friend K., Catford R., Palmer E. E., Zou X., Ou J., Li H., Guo H., Gerdts J., Avola E., Calabrese G., Elia M., Greco D., Lindstrand A., Nordgren A., Anderlid B. -M., Vandeweyer G., Van Dijck A., Van der Aa N., McKenna B., Hancarova M., Bendova S., Havlovicova M., Malerba G., Bernardina B. D., Muglia P., van Haeringen A., Hoffer M. J. V., Franke B., Cappuccio G., Delatycki M., Lockhart P. J., Manning M. A., Liu P., Scheffer I. E., Brunetti Pierri N., Rommelse N., Amaral D. G., Santen G. W. E., Trabetti E., Sedlacek Z., Michaelson J. J., Pierce K., Courchesne E., Kooy R. F., Acampado J., Ace A. J., Amatya A., Astrovskaya I., Bashar A., Brooks E., Butler M. E., Cartner L. A., Chin W., Chung W. K., Daniels A. M., Feliciano P., Fleisch C., Ganesan S., Jensen W., Lash A. E., Marini R., Myers V. J., O'Connor E., Rigby C., Robertson B. E., Shah N., Shah S., Singer E., Snyder L. A. G., Stephens A. N., Tjernagel J., Vernoia B. M., Volfovsky N., White L. C., Hsieh A., Shen Y., Zhou X., Turner T. N., Bahl E., Thomas T. R., Brueggeman L., Koomar T., Michael R. J., O'Roak B. J., Barnard R. A., Gibbs R. A., Muzny D., Sabo A., Ahmed K. L. B., Eichler E. E., Siegel M., Abbeduto L., Hilscher B. A., Li D., Smith K., Thompson S., Albright C., Butter E. M., Eldred S., Hanna N., Jones M., Coury D. L., Scherr J., Pifher T., Roby E., Dennis B., Higgins L., Brown M., Alessandri M., Gutierrez A., Hale M. N., Herbert L. M., Schneider H. L., David G., Annett R. D., Sarver D. E., Arriaga I., Camba A., Gulsrud A. C., Haley M., McCracken J. T., Sandhu S., Tafolla M., Yang W. S., Carpenter L. A., Bradley C. C., Gwynette F., Manning P., Shaffer R., Thomas C., Bernier R. A., Fox E. A., Gerdts J. A., Pepper M., Ho T., Cho D., Piven J., Lechniak H., Soorya L. V., Gordon R., Wainer A., Yeh L., Ochoa-Lubinoff C., Russo N., Berry-Kravis E., Booker S., Erickson C. A., Prock L. M., Pawlowski K. G., Matthews E. T., Brewster S. J., Hojlo M. A., Abada E., Lamarche E., Murali S. C., Harvey W. T., Kaplan H. E., Pierce K. L., DeMarco L., Horner S., Pandey J., Plate S., Sahin M., Riley K. D., Carmody E., Constantini J., Esler A., Fatemi A., Hutter H., Landa R. J., McKenzie A. P., Neely J., Singh V., Van Metre B., Wodka E. L., Fombonne E. J., Huang-Storms L. Y., Pacheco L. D., Mastel S. A., Coppola L. A., Francis S., Jarrett A., Jacob S., Lillie N., Gunderson J., Istephanous D., Simon L., Wasserberg O., Rachubinski A. L., Rosenberg C. R., Kanne S. M., Shocklee A. D., Takahashi N., Bridwell S. L., Klimczac R. L., Mahurin M. A., Cotrell H. E., Grant C. A., Hunter S. G., Martin C. L., Taylor C. M., Walsh L. K., Dent K. A., Mason A., Sziklay A., Smith C. J., Nordenskjold M., Romano C., Peeters H., Gecz J., Xia K., SPARK Consortium, Wang, T., Hoekzema, K., Vecchio, D., Wu, H., Sulovari, A., Coe, B. P., Gillentine, M. A., Wilfert, A. B., Perez-Jurado, L. A., Kvarnung, M., Sleyp, Y., Earl, R. K., Rosenfeld, J. A., Geisheker, M. R., Han, L., Du, B., Barnett, C., Thompson, E., Shaw, M., Carroll, R., Friend, K., Catford, R., Palmer, E. E., Zou, X., Ou, J., Li, H., Guo, H., Gerdts, J., Avola, E., Calabrese, G., Elia, M., Greco, D., Lindstrand, A., Nordgren, A., Anderlid, B. -M., Vandeweyer, G., Van Dijck, A., Van der Aa, N., Mckenna, B., Hancarova, M., Bendova, S., Havlovicova, M., Malerba, G., Bernardina, B. D., Muglia, P., van Haeringen, A., Hoffer, M. J. V., Franke, B., Cappuccio, G., Delatycki, M., Lockhart, P. J., Manning, M. A., Liu, P., Scheffer, I. E., Brunetti Pierri, N., Rommelse, N., Amaral, D. G., Santen, G. W. E., Trabetti, E., Sedlacek, Z., Michaelson, J. J., Pierce, K., Courchesne, E., Kooy, R. F., Acampado, J., Ace, A. J., Amatya, A., Astrovskaya, I., Bashar, A., Brooks, E., Butler, M. E., Cartner, L. A., Chin, W., Chung, W. K., Daniels, A. M., Feliciano, P., Fleisch, C., Ganesan, S., Jensen, W., Lash, A. E., Marini, R., Myers, V. J., O'Connor, E., Rigby, C., Robertson, B. E., Shah, N., Shah, S., Singer, E., Snyder, L. A. G., Stephens, A. N., Tjernagel, J., Vernoia, B. M., Volfovsky, N., White, L. C., Hsieh, A., Shen, Y., Zhou, X., Turner, T. N., Bahl, E., Thomas, T. R., Brueggeman, L., Koomar, T., Michael, R. J., O'Roak, B. J., Barnard, R. A., Gibbs, R. A., Muzny, D., Sabo, A., Ahmed, K. L. B., Eichler, E. E., Siegel, M., Abbeduto, L., Hilscher, B. A., Li, D., Smith, K., Thompson, S., Albright, C., Butter, E. M., Eldred, S., Hanna, N., Jones, M., Coury, D. L., Scherr, J., Pifher, T., Roby, E., Dennis, B., Higgins, L., Brown, M., Alessandri, M., Gutierrez, A., Hale, M. N., Herbert, L. M., Schneider, H. L., David, G., Annett, R. D., Sarver, D. E., Arriaga, I., Camba, A., Gulsrud, A. C., Haley, M., Mccracken, J. T., Sandhu, S., Tafolla, M., Yang, W. S., Carpenter, L. A., Bradley, C. C., Gwynette, F., Manning, P., Shaffer, R., Thomas, C., Bernier, R. A., Fox, E. A., Gerdts, J. A., Pepper, M., Ho, T., Cho, D., Piven, J., Lechniak, H., Soorya, L. V., Gordon, R., Wainer, A., Yeh, L., Ochoa-Lubinoff, C., Russo, N., Berry-Kravis, E., Booker, S., Erickson, C. A., Prock, L. M., Pawlowski, K. G., Matthews, E. T., Brewster, S. J., Hojlo, M. A., Abada, E., Lamarche, E., Murali, S. C., Harvey, W. T., Kaplan, H. E., Pierce, K. L., Demarco, L., Horner, S., Pandey, J., Plate, S., Sahin, M., Riley, K. D., Carmody, E., Constantini, J., Esler, A., Fatemi, A., Hutter, H., Landa, R. J., Mckenzie, A. P., Neely, J., Singh, V., Van Metre, B., Wodka, E. L., Fombonne, E. J., Huang-Storms, L. Y., Pacheco, L. D., Mastel, S. A., Coppola, L. A., Francis, S., Jarrett, A., Jacob, S., Lillie, N., Gunderson, J., Istephanous, D., Simon, L., Wasserberg, O., Rachubinski, A. L., Rosenberg, C. R., Kanne, S. M., Shocklee, A. D., Takahashi, N., Bridwell, S. L., Klimczac, R. L., Mahurin, M. A., Cotrell, H. E., Grant, C. A., Hunter, S. G., Martin, C. L., Taylor, C. M., Walsh, L. K., Dent, K. A., Mason, A., Sziklay, A., Smith, C. J., Nordenskjold, M., Romano, C., Peeters, H., Gecz, J., and Xia, K.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, CCCTC-Binding Factor, Transcription Factor, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor, DNA Mutational Analysis, General Physics and Astronomy, RNA-Binding Protein, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U, VARIANTS, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, SPARK Consortium, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Copy-number variation, Aetiology, lcsh:Science, GABRG2, Genetics, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, biology, Neurodevelopmental disorders, RNA-Binding Proteins, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Autism spectrum disorders, Multidisciplinary Sciences, DNA-Binding Proteins, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, Case-Control Studie, Engineering sciences. Technology, Human, Science, DNA-Binding Protein, Genetic Association Studie, COPY-NUMBER VARIATION, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, DNA sequencing, Article, KCNQ3 Potassium Channel, DNA Mutational Analysi, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, AUTISM, Gene, Genetic Association Studies, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Science & Technology, DISABILITY, Prevention, Case-control study, General Chemistry, Repressor Protein, medicine.disease, FRAMEWORK, Repressor Proteins, DE-NOVO MUTATION, 030104 developmental biology, CTCF, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Next-generation sequencing, Autism, lcsh:Q, Cohort Studie, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Most genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) were identified with an excess of de novo mutations (DNMs) but the significance in case–control mutation burden analysis is unestablished. Here, we sequence 63 genes in 16,294 NDD cases and an additional 62 genes in 6,211 NDD cases. By combining these with published data, we assess a total of 125 genes in over 16,000 NDD cases and compare the mutation burden to nonpsychiatric controls from ExAC. We identify 48 genes (25 newly reported) showing significant burden of ultra-rare (MAF, For many neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk genes, the significance for mutational burden is unestablished. Here, the authors sequence 125 candidate NDD genes in over 16,000 NDD cases; case-control mutational burden analysis identifies 48 genes with a significant burden of severe ultra-rare mutations.

Published
2020

5. Author Correction: Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (4932), 10.1038/s41467-020-18723-y)

Author

Wang, T., Hoekzema, K., Vecchio, Davide., Wu, H., Sulovari, A., Coe, B. P., Gillentine, M. A., Wilfert, A. B., Perez-Jurado, L. A., Kvarnung, M., Sleyp, Y., Earl, R. K., Rosenfeld, J. A., Geisheker, M. R., Han, L., Du, B., Barnett, C., Thompson, E., Shaw, M., Carroll, R., Friend, K., Catford, R., Palmer, E. E., Zou, X., Ou, J., Li, H., Guo, H., Gerdts, J., Avola, E., Calabrese, Giuseppe, Elia, Maurizio., Greco, Donatella, Lindstrand, A., Nordgren, A., Anderlid, B. -M., Vandeweyer, G., Van Dijck, A., Van der Aa, N., Mckenna, B., Hancarova, M., Bendova, S., Havlovicova, M., Malerba, G., Bernardina, B. D., Muglia, P., van Haeringen, A., Hoffer, M. J. V., Franke, B., Cappuccio, G., Delatycki, M., Lockhart, P. J., Manning, M. A., Liu, P., Scheffer, I. E., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Rommelse, N., Amaral, D. G., Santen, G. W. E., Trabetti, E., Sedlacek, Z., Michaelson, J. J., Pierce, K., Courchesne, E., Kooy, R. F., Acampado, J., Ace, A. J., Amatya, A., Astrovskaya, I., Bashar, A., Brooks, E., Butler, M. E., Cartner, L. A., Chin, W., Chung, W. K., Daniels, A. M., Feliciano, P., Fleisch, C., Ganesan, S., Jensen, W., Lash, A. E., Marini, R., Myers, V. J., O'Connor, E., Rigby, C., Robertson, B. E., Shah, N., Shah, S., Singer, E., Snyder, L. A. G., Stephens, A. N., Tjernagel, J., Vernoia, B. M., Volfovsky, N., White, L. C., Hsieh, A., Shen, Y., Zhou, X., Turner, T. N., Bahl, E., Thomas, T. R., Brueggeman, L., Koomar, T., O'Roak, B. J., Barnard, R. A., Gibbs, R. A., Muzny, D., Sabo, A., Ahmed, K. L. B., Eichler, E. E., Siegel, M., Abbeduto, L., Hilscher, B. A., Li, D., Smith, K., Thompson, S., Albright, C., Butter, E. M., Eldred, S., Hanna, N., Jones, M., Coury, D. L., Scherr, J., Pifher, T., Roby, E., Dennis, B., Higgins, L., Brown, M., Alessandri, M., Gutierrez, A., Hale, M. N., Herbert, L. M., Schneider, H. L., David, G., Annett, R. D., Sarver, D. E., Arriaga, I., Camba, A., Gulsrud, A. C., Haley, M., Mccracken, J. T., Sandhu, S., Tafolla, M., Yang, W. S., Carpenter, L. A., Bradley, C. C., Gwynette, F., Manning, P., Shaffer, R., Thomas, C., Bernier, R. A., Fox, E. A., Gerdts, J. A., Pepper, M., Ho, T., Cho, D., Piven, J., Lechniak, H., Soorya, L. V., Gordon, R., Wainer, A., Yeh, L., Ochoa-Lubinoff, C., Russo, N., Berry-Kravis, E., Booker, S., Erickson, C. A., Prock, L. M., Pawlowski, K. G., Matthews, E. T., Brewster, S. J., Hojlo, M. A., Abada, E., Lamarche, E., Murali, S. C., Harvey, W. T., Kaplan, H. E., Pierce, K. L., Demarco, L., Horner, S., Pandey, J., Plate, S., Sahin, M., Riley, K. D., Carmody, E., Constantini, J., Esler, A., Fatemi, A., Hutter, H., Landa, R. J., Mckenzie, A. P., Neely, J., Singh, V., Van Metre, B., Wodka, E. L., Fombonne, E. J., Huang-Storms, L. Y., Pacheco, L. D., Mastel, S. A., Coppola, L. A., Francis, S., Jarrett, A., Jacob, S., Lillie, N., Gunderson, J., Istephanous, D., Simon, L., Wasserberg, O., Rachubinski, A. L., Rosenberg, C. R., Kanne, S. M., Shocklee, A. D., Takahashi, N., Bridwell, S. L., Klimczac, R. L., Mahurin, M. A., Cotrell, H. E., Grant, C. A., Hunter, S. G., Martin, C. L., Taylor, C. M., Walsh, L. K., Dent, K. A., Mason, A., Sziklay, A., Smith, C. J., Nordenskjold, M., Romano, Corrado, Peeters, H., Gecz, J., and Xia, K.

Published
2020

14. Results of a 0.03- scale aerodynamic characteristics investigation of Boeing 747 carrier (model no. AX 1319 I-1) mated with a space shuttle orbiter (model 45-0) conducted in the Boeing transonic wind tunnel (CA5), volume 1

Author

Sarver, D, Mulkey, T. L, and Lindahl, R. H

Subjects
Spacecraft Design, Testing And Performance
Abstract

The performance, stability, and control characteristics of various carrier aircraft configurations are presented. Aerodynamic characteristics of the carrier mated with the Orbiter, carrier alone, and Orbiter alone were investigated. Carrier support system tare and interference effects were determined. Six-component force and moment data were recorded for the carrier and Orbiter. Buffet onset characteristics of the carrier vertical tail and horizontal tail were recorded. Angles of attack from -3 deg through 26 deg and angles of slideslip between +12 deg and -12 deg were investigated at Mach numbers from 0.15 through 0.70. Photographs are included.

Published
1975

15. Space shuttle: Aerodynamic stability and control characteristics of the NASA/MSC .006 scale 040-A delta wing orbiter

Author

Click, P. L, Michana, D. J, and Sarver, D. A

Subjects
Space Vehicles
Abstract

Experimental aerodynamic investigations were made on a .006 scale model 040-A delta wing space shuttle orbiter configuration. These tests were conducted to determine six-degree-of-freedom force and moment data for preliminary stability and control analysis. Data were obtained over a Mach number range from 0.6 to 4.96 at angles of attack from -10 deg to 50 deg at zero degrees sideslip and at angles of sideslip from -10 deg to 10 deg at constants angles of attack of 0 deg, 15 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg. Various aileron, elevator, (elevon) rudder and rudder flare deflection angles were tested to establish the control effectiveness and vehicle stability. Model component buildup data were also obtained to provide a data base for future configuration modifications. Plotted data results are presented in both the body and stability axis system.

Published
1971

17. Heat transfer and pressure distributions at M equals 8 on 0.029 scale models of the Viking entry vehicle

Author

Faye-Petersen, R, Sarver, D, and Carroll, H

Subjects
Space Vehicles
Abstract

An investigation in the Langley Research Center Mach-8 Variable Density Hypersonic Tunnel was made of the pressure distributions and heat transfer rate distributions on two 0.029 scale Viking Entry Vehicle models. Comparable ranges of test Reynolds number were exercised for the two tests between run conditions around 4 million and conditions of about 1.6 million. At angles of attack less than 20 degrees the pressure ratio distribution referenced to stagnation pressure appeared invariant with Reynolds number. Increasing angle of attack results in a flatter distribution of both the windward and leeward pressure distributions; in addition, the stagnation point shifted into the windward plane. A subsequent rise in the heating rate profile on the leeward side with further increase in angle of attack is attributed to boundary layer natural transition to turbulent flow. Schlieren photographs were taken for flow field visualization and to correct model angle of attack.

Published
1972

22. Field Test of Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Method for Solvent Management.

Author

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL, Donahue,B A, Sarver,D W, Bellino,E M, CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL, Donahue,B A, Sarver,D W, and Bellino,E M

Abstract

This report documents the field test of the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory's (USA-CERL) procedure for calculating the life-cycle cost (LCC) of solvent recycling. The test was conducted at the Rock Island Arsenal, which currently recycles its solvents off-post. The USA-CERL LCC analysis method was used to compare the off-post method with solvent recycling by distillation on-post. The LCC format was found to be useful in comparing the two methods and showed that the on-post method would provide the arsenal with significant savings over a 10-year project life.

Published
1986

26. Racial, Gender, and Neighborhood-Level Disparities in Pediatric Trauma Care.

Author

Dickens H, Rao U, Sarver D, Bruehl S, Kinney K, Karlson C, Grenn E, Kutcher M, Iwuchukwu C, Kyle A, Goodin B, Myers H, Nag S, Hillegass WB, and Morris MC

Subjects
Male, Adult, Female, Humans, Child, United States, Retrospective Studies, Analgesics, Opioid, Patient Discharge, Healthcare Disparities, Aftercare, Emergency Medical Services
Abstract

Background: Disparities in trauma outcomes and care are well established for adults, but the extent to which similar disparities are observed in pediatric trauma patients requires further investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the unique contributions of social determinants (race, gender, insurance status, community distress, rurality/urbanicity) on trauma outcomes after controlling for specific injury-related risk factors., Study Design: All pediatric (age < 18) trauma patients admitted to a single level 1 trauma center with a statewide, largely rural, catchment area from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 14,398). Primary outcomes were receipt of opioids in the emergency department, post-discharge rehabilitation referrals, and mortality. Multivariate logistic regressions evaluated demographic, socioeconomic, and injury characteristics. Multilevel logistic regressions evaluated area-level indicators, which were derived from abstracted home addresses., Results: Analyses adjusting for demographic and injury characteristics revealed that Black children (n = 6255) had significantly lower odds (OR = 0.87) of being prescribed opioid medications in the emergency department compared to White children (n = 5883). Children living in more distressed and rural communities had greater odds of receiving opioid medications. Girls had significantly lower odds (OR = 0.61) of being referred for rehabilitation services than boys. Post hoc analyses revealed that Black girls had the lowest odds of receiving rehabilitation referrals compared to Black boys and White children., Conclusion: Results highlight the need to examine both main and interactive effects of social determinants on trauma care and outcomes. Findings reinforce and expand into the pediatric population the growing notion that traumatic injury care is not immune to disparities., (© 2022. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.)

Published
2023
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27. CTRP6 rapidly responds to acute nutritional changes, regulating adipose tissue expansion and inflammation in mice.

Author

Lahav R, Haim Y, Bhandarkar NS, Levin L, Chalifa-Caspi V, Sarver D, Sahagun A, Maixner N, Kovesh B, Wong GW, and Rudich A

Subjects
Adipogenesis genetics, Adipokines genetics, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diet, High-Fat, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Organ Size genetics, Overnutrition genetics, Overnutrition metabolism, Overnutrition pathology, Pregnancy, Adipokines physiology, Adipose Tissue pathology, Inflammation genetics, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena genetics
Abstract

In chronic obesity, activated adipose tissue proinflammatory cascades are tightly linked to metabolic dysfunction. Yet, close temporal analyses of the responses to obesogenic environment such as high-fat feeding (HFF) in susceptible mouse strains question the causal relationship between inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, and/or raises the possibility that certain inflammatory cascades play adaptive/homeostatic, rather than pathogenic roles. Here, we hypothesized that CTRP6, a C1QTNF family member, may constitute an early responder to acute nutritional changes in adipose tissue, with potential physiological roles. Both 3-days high-fat feeding (3dHFF) and acute obesity reversal [2-wk switch to low-fat diet after 8-wk HFF (8wHFF)] already induced marked changes in whole body fuel utilization. Although adipose tissue expression of classical proinflammatory cytokines ( Tnf-α , Ccl2 , and Il1b ) exhibited no, or only minor, change, C1qtnf6 uniquely increased, and decreased, in response to 3dHFF and acute obesity reversal, respectively. CTRP6 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited increased adipogenic gene expression ( Pparg , Fabp4 , and Adipoq ) and markedly reduced inflammatory genes ( Tnf-α , Ccl2 , and Il6 ) compared with wild-type MEFs, and recombinant CTRP6 induced the opposite gene expression signature, as assessed by RNA sequencing. Consistently, 3dHFF of CTRP6-KO mice induced a greater whole body and adipose tissue weight gain compared with wild-type littermates. Collectively, we propose CTRP6 as a gene that rapidly responds to acute changes in caloric intake, acting in acute overnutrition to induce a "physiological inflammatory response" that limits adipose tissue expansion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY CTRP6 (C1qTNF6), a member of adiponectin gene family, regulates inflammation and metabolism in established obesity. Here, short-term high-fat feeding in mice is shown to increase adipose tissue expression of CTRP6 before changes in the expression of classical inflammatory genes occur. Conversely, CTRP6 expression in adipose tissue decreases early in the course of obesity reversal. Gain- and loss-of-function models suggest CTRP6 as a positive regulator of inflammatory cascades, and a negative regulator of adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion.

Published
2021
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28. Prevalence and Correlates of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Diverse, Treatment-Seeking Pediatric Overweight/Obesity Sample.

Author

Merrill BM, Morrow AS, Sarver D, Sandridge S, and Lim CS

Subjects
Adolescent, Body Mass Index, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, United States, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity therapy, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity therapy
Abstract

Objective: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity are highly prevalent, impairing, and costly conditions, affecting about 10% of children each. Research indicates heightened prevalence of childhood obesity among youth with ADHD. However, more research is needed, examining comorbid ADHD among youth with overweight/obesity (OV/OB) from diverse demographic backgrounds and effects on medically relevant behaviors. The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of ADHD in a racially diverse sample of youth in a weight management clinic. Furthermore, we examined the effects of race, rurality, and ADHD on weight status and health behaviors in this under-researched population., Method: Participants included 1003 patients (Mage = 12.55; 58% female; 67% Black/African American; MBMI Z-Score = 2.54; 98.6% with obesity) in a pediatric weight management clinic serving a rural and urban/suburban area in the southern United States. Parent-reported demographics, ADHD diagnosis, and child health behaviors were recorded., Result: In total, 17.6% (n = 177) of the sample had an ADHD diagnosis. ADHD status interacted with race to predict standardized body mass index (BMIz), and rurality predicted higher BMIz. Children with comorbid ADHD had significantly more meals per day and fewer active days compared with children with OV/OB without ADHD., Conclusion: ADHD prevalence was higher in this diverse sample of children seeking obesity treatment (17.6%) compared with the prevalence nationally (9%-10%) and in other obesity samples. Comorbid ADHD was related to higher weight status among racial minority youth and increased engagement in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors often targeted in weight management treatment. It is critical to screen for ADHD in pediatric specialty clinics and assess healthy lifestyle behaviors., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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29. Smile projection-a new concept in smile design.

Author

Sarver D

Subjects
Humans, Incisor, Orthodontists, Smiling, Attitude of Health Personnel, Esthetics, Dental
Abstract

Vertical positioning of the maxillary incisors is critical in smile design, and orthodontists also have the capability of working in the anterior-posterior plane of space. As a result, the anterior posterior positioning of the maxillary incisors becomes equally important for smile aesthetics. This manuscript presents the concept of smile projection for incorporation into the current concepts of smile design., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2021
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30. Glucose transporter expression and regulation following a fast in the ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris .

Author

Ali RS, Dick MF, Muhammad S, Sarver D, Hou L, Wong GW, and Welch KC Jr

Subjects
Animals, Biological Transport, Fructose, Glucose, Plant Nectar, Birds metabolism, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative genetics, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative metabolism
Abstract

Hummingbirds, subsisting almost exclusively on nectar sugar, face extreme challenges to blood sugar regulation. The capacity for transmembrane sugar transport is mediated by the activity of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) and their localisation to the plasma membrane (PM). In this study, we determined the relative protein abundance of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3 and GLUT5 via immunoblot using custom-designed antibodies in whole-tissue homogenates and PM fractions of flight muscle, heart and liver of ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ). The GLUTs examined were detected in nearly all tissues tested. Hepatic GLUT1 was minimally present in whole-tissue homogenates and absent win PM fractions. GLUT5 was expressed in flight muscles at levels comparable to those of the liver, consistent with the hypothesised uniquely high fructose uptake and oxidation capacity of hummingbird flight muscles. To assess GLUT regulation, we fed ruby-throated hummingbirds 1 mol l -1 sucrose ad libitum for 24 h followed by either 1 h of fasting or continued feeding until sampling. We measured relative GLUT abundance and concentration of circulating sugars. Blood fructose concentration in fasted hummingbirds declined (∼5 mmol l -1 to ∼0.18 mmol l -1 ), while fructose-transporting GLUT2 and GLUT5 abundance did not change in PM fractions. Blood glucose concentrations remained elevated in fed and fasted hummingbirds (∼30 mmol l -1 ), while glucose-transporting GLUT1 and GLUT3 in flight muscle and liver PM fractions, respectively, declined in fasted birds. Our results suggest that glucose uptake capacity is dynamically reduced in response to fasting, allowing for maintenance of elevated blood glucose levels, while fructose uptake capacity remains constitutively elevated promoting depletion of blood total fructose within the first hour of a fast., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)

Published
2020
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31. Single Muscle Fibre Contractility Testing in Rats to Quantify Ischaemic Muscle Damage During Reperfusion Injury.

Author

Gok E, Alghanem F, Lim E, Sarver D, Eckhardt L, Christensen S, Hoenerhoff M, Mendias C, and Ozer K

Subjects
Animals, Biopsy, Constriction, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Hindlimb, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Neutrophil Infiltration, Predictive Value of Tests, Rats, Inbred Lew, Regional Blood Flow, Reperfusion Injury pathology, Femoral Artery physiopathology, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal pathology, Muscle, Skeletal blood supply, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology, Reperfusion Injury physiopathology
Abstract

Objectives: In this study, the aim was to investigate the potential for single muscle fibre contractility (SMFC) testing to detect the extent of reperfusion injury following various reperfusion periods. The hypothesis was that force generated by muscle fibres will correlate inversely with the extent of reperfusion injury., Methods: Twenty-four Lewis rats were distributed among five groups. Group 1 served as normal muscle control. In all other groups, femoral artery flow was occluded for four hours. Muscle biopsies were obtained at 0 hour, six hours, day two, and day seven after reperfusion in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Samples then underwent ultrastructural analysis (H&E stain) and SMFC testing., Results: The maximum isometric force (mN) generated on Days two and seven after reperfusion decreased from baseline by 21% (p < 0.05), and 53% (p < .001), respectively. The specific force (kPa) followed a similar pattern with a 13% decrease at Day two (p > 0.05) and 31% decrease at Day 7 (p < .001). These results correlated inversely with the extent of quantitative injury on histology., Conclusions: The study demonstrated an inverse relationship between single muscle fibre contractility testing and neutrophil infiltration during the reperfusion phase. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate its potential in providing prognostic information for patient outcomes., (Copyright © 2019 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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32. Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE): The role of imaging in the management of adult patients with Crohn's disease.

Author

Sarver D, Guidry C, Ram R, Pandey T, and Jambhekar K

Subjects
Adult, Contrast Media, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Male, Crohn Disease diagnostic imaging, Crohn Disease therapy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods
Abstract

Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease with devastating complications, often requires frequent imaging to detect active disease and its complications. Endoscopy, which is the gold standard for diagnosis, is contraindicated in come patients and has limited role in detecting deep submucosal/mesenteric disease, mid small bowel disease and intra-abdominal complications. Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) has evolved as a complimentary non-invasive, radiation free, high resolution imaging modality in evaluating these patients, with clinical studies haveing shown MRE to help in the diagnosis and follow up of these patients. Its major advantage over CT Enterography is the absence of radiation.

Published
2016

33. Magnetic resonance enterography: A stepwise interpretation approach and role of imaging in management of adult Crohn's disease.

Author

Ram R, Sarver D, Pandey T, Guidry CL, and Jambhekar KR

Abstract

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that often requires frequent imaging of patients in order to detect active disease and other complications related to disease activity. While endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, it may be contraindicated in some patients and has a limited role in detecting deep submucosal/mesenteric diseases and intra abdominal complications. In recent years, magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has evolved as a noninvasive, radiation free imaging modality in the evaluation of patients with CD. This review article will focus on role of MRE in imaging patients with CD with emphasis on technical considerations, systematic image interpretation, differential diagnoses, and the role of imaging in deciding treatment options for patients.

Published
2016
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34. Early therapy assessment of combined anti-DR5 antibody and carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer xenografts in mice using diffusion-weighted imaging and (1)H MR spectroscopy.

Author

Zhai G, Kim H, Sarver D, Samuel S, Whitworth L, Umphrey H, Oelschlager DK, Beasley TM, and Zinn KR

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Cell Line, Tumor, Combined Modality Therapy, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Heterografts, Humans, Mice, Mice, Nude, Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand antagonists & inhibitors, Transplantation, Heterologous, Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use, Carboplatin therapeutic use, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the early response of triple-negative breast-cancer (TNBC) following TRA-8 and carboplatin therapy using DWI and MRS in 2LMP and SUM159 mouse models., Materials and Methods: Four groups (n = 5/group) of each model were untreated or treated with carboplatin, TRA-8, and combination, respectively. DWI and MRS were applied on 0, 3, and 7 days after therapy initiation, and all tumors were collected thereafter for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The changes in intratumoral apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat-water ratios (FWRs) were compared with tumor volume changes and apoptotic cell densities., Results: Mean ADC values of 2LMP and SUM159 tumors significantly increased 4 ± 4% and 37 ± 11% during 7 days of combination therapy, respectively, as compared to control groups (P < 0.05). Similarly, mean FWRs of 2LMP and SUM159 tumors significantly increased 102 ± 30% and 126 ± 52%, respectively, for 7 days of combined treatment (P < 0.05). The changes of the mean ADC values for 3 days (or FWRs for 7 days) were linearly proportional to either the mean volume changes or apoptotic cell densities in both models., Conclusion: DWI and MRS assessed the early tumor response to TRA-8 and carboplatin in TNBC mouse models., (Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2014
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35. Association of the presence of bone bars on radiographs and hip fracture in postmenopausal Caucasian women.

Author

Sarver DB, Lopez-Ben R, Morgan SL, Rehder D, Duke JN, Fineberg N, and Pitt MJ

Subjects
Aged, Bone Density, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Hip diagnostic imaging, Humans, Observer Variation, Postmenopause, Prevalence, Radiography, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Hip Fractures diagnostic imaging, Hip Fractures ethnology, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal diagnostic imaging, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ethnology, White People statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Aim: To determine whether the presence of bone bars (BB) identified on anteroposterior hip radiographs are more prevalent in patients that have had a hip fracture as compared to patients without a fracture., Materials and Methods: Ninety-two Caucasian women with a unilateral proximal femur fracture were retrospectively evaluated and randomly selected using radiology database records to comprise the investigational group. Ninety-eight age-matched Caucasian women without hip fracture were selected as a control group. Anteroposterior hip radiographs were evaluated for the presence of BBs by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Chi-square tests were used to assess whether fractures were more prevalent in patients with BB than those without BB., Results: The patient population was comprised Caucasian women with a mean age of 79.8 ± 6.4 years in the control group and 79.9 ± 6.6 years in the investigational group. Regardless of the reader, BB were identified in a significantly higher percentage of women with a fracture (75 versus 39%, p < 0.001 or 53 versus 38%, p = 0.041) as compared to those without a fracture., Conclusion: BB are associated with hip fracture. Their presence is a trigger for requesting a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination to confirm or refute a diagnosis of low bone mineral density (BMD) and a subsequent increased risk of fracture., (Copyright © 2012 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2012
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37. The aesthetic dentofacial analysis.

Author

Sarver D and Jacobson RS

Subjects
Adult, Esthetics, Dental, Female, Humans, Oral Surgical Procedures, Preoperative Care, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Vertical Dimension, Cephalometry, Esthetics, Face anatomy & histology, Facial Bones anatomy & histology
Abstract

Surgical-orthodontic treatment planning for facial skeletal surgery begins with analysis of the morphologic form of the face, the soft-tissue envelope, and the underlying facial skeleton integrated with the dentition. This article demonstrates how systematic analysis of all the facial components, both anatomically static and functionally dynamic, leads to a greater appreciation of the subtleties of the interaction of each of the facial elements and how each can be managed appropriately through a unified orthodontic-surgical approach.

Published
2007
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39. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.

Author

Sarver DM

Subjects
Adult, Cephalometry, Child, Face anatomy & histology, Female, Humans, Malocclusion surgery, Malocclusion, Angle Class II therapy, Oral Surgical Procedures, Orthognathic Surgical Procedures, Patient Care Planning, Esthetics, Dental, Incisor anatomy & histology, Lip anatomy & histology, Malocclusion therapy, Orthodontics, Corrective, Smiling
Abstract

The smile arc is defined as the relationship of the curvature of the incisal edges of the maxillary incisors and canines to the curvature of the lower lip in the posed smile. The ideal smile arc has the maxillary incisal edge curvature parallel to the curvature of the lower lip. Evaluation of anterior smile esthetics must include both static and dynamic evaluations of profile, frontal, and 45 degrees views to optimize both dental and facial appearance in orthodontic planning and treatment. This article presents the concept of the smile arc and how it relates to orthodontics-from the recognition of its importance, to its impact on orthodontic treatment planning, to how procedures and mechanics are adapted to optimize the appearance of the smile. Three cases are used to illustrate how treatment is directed, emphasizing how facial and smile goal setting go hand in hand.

Published
2001
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41. How to avoid surgical failures.

Author

Sarver DM and Sample LB

Subjects
Bone Resorption etiology, Humans, Jaw Fixation Techniques adverse effects, Malocclusion therapy, Mandibular Condyle physiopathology, Orthodontics, Corrective methods, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Preoperative Care adverse effects, Treatment Failure, Malocclusion etiology, Malocclusion surgery, Oral Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Orthodontics, Corrective adverse effects
Abstract

Problems and failures in orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment are frequently discussed among colleagues, but not often written about. This lack of documentation may be attributed to a natural inclination for us to report our successes and hide our failures. More positively, we believe the lack of written material on complications probably relates more to the overwhelming success rate in these procedures than to an inclination to hide failures. In addition, some complications are clearly a result of the orthodontic care before and/or after the surgical procedure. This article concentrates on exploring the many complications in orthognathic surgery that are more a result of the orthodontic phase of care, and how the orthodontist can react to and manage surgical complications to achieve a successful result. The more the orthodontist understands the nature of surgical problems, the more able he/she is to manage them.

Published
1999
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42. Biomechanical testing of resorbable screws used for mandibular sagittal split osteotomies.

Author

Eppley BL, Sarver D, and Pietrzak B

Subjects
Biocompatible Materials, Biomechanical Phenomena, Bite Force, Compressive Strength, Lactic Acid, Mastication, Materials Testing, Models, Structural, Polyglycolic Acid, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Polymers, Tensile Strength, Absorbable Implants, Bone Screws, Dental Stress Analysis methods, Mandible surgery, Osteotomy instrumentation
Abstract

Purpose: The object of the study was to determine the suitability of specific resorbable screws for fixation of mandibular sagittal split osteotomies by in vitro biomechanical strength testing., Materials and Methods: Resorbable screws (2.5 mm diameter) composed of a polylactic acidpolyglycolic acid copolymer were placed in an inverted L-pattern in overlapping urethane blocks representative of sagittal split mandibular surgery. In an in vitro model at room temperature, the test specimens were statically loaded until tensile failure occurred. On a different set of test specimens, dynamic testing was done in an in vitro water bath at body temperature through cyclic loads representative of mastication until failure., Results: In static testing, three 2.5-mm resorbable screws sustained an average peak load of 131 Kiloponds (Kp) (standard deviation, 5.2 Kp) with 5.5% strain at yield. In dynamic testing, the resorbable screws tolerated a 45.3-Kp load for an average of 340,675 cycles (22,783 standard deviation). Several of these test specimens did not ultimately fail and were further evaluated by static testing with an average load of 77.4 Kp until fixation failure occurred., Conclusions: These laboratory results indicate a relatively high resistance to biomechanical loads representative of mastication and suggest that 2.5-mm resorbable screws of this particular polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer may be effective in fixation of the postoperative unrestrained sagittal split mandibular osteotomy.

Published
1999
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44. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Author

Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, and Sarver DM

Subjects
Humans, Maxillofacial Development, Patient Care Planning, Esthetics, Dental, Face anatomy & histology, Malocclusion diagnosis, Malocclusion therapy
Abstract

Until now, orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning has been based on hard tissue relationships and on the Angle paradigm that considers ideal dental occlusion 'nature's intended ideal form'. In this view, the clinician and nature are partners in seeking the ideal. In the modern biological model, variation is accepted as the natural form; ideal occlusion is the exception rather than the rule, and the orthodontist and nature are often adversaries. The orthodontist's task is to achieve the occlusal and facial outcomes that would most benefit that individual patient, whose esthetic concerns are often paramount. Because the soft tissues largely determine the limitations of orthodontic treatment, from the perspectives of function and stability, as well as esthetics, the orthodontist must plan treatment within the patient's limits of soft tissue adaptation and soft tissue contours. This emerging soft tissue paradigm in diagnosis and treatment planning places greater emphasis on clinical examination of soft tissue function and esthetics than has previously been the case, and new information in these areas is required.

Published
1999
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45. Video-imaging and treatment presentation: medico-legal implications and patient perception.

Author

Sarver DM

Subjects
Attitude to Health, Counseling, Decision Making, Esthetics, Dental, Humans, Informed Consent, Malocclusion psychology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Care Planning legislation & jurisprudence, Patient Satisfaction, Risk Factors, Dentist-Patient Relations, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted legislation & jurisprudence, Malocclusion surgery, Orthodontics legislation & jurisprudence, Video Recording legislation & jurisprudence
Published
1998
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46. Combined rapid maxillary expansion and protraction facemask in the treatment of Class III malocclusions in growing children: a prospective long-term study.

Author

Williams MD, Sarver DM, Sadowsky PL, and Bradley E

Subjects
Adolescent, Cephalometry statistics & numerical data, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Malocclusion, Angle Class III diagnosis, Malocclusion, Angle Class III physiopathology, Palatal Expansion Technique, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Extraoral Traction Appliances, Malocclusion, Angle Class III therapy, Maxilla growth & development, Orthodontics, Interceptive methods
Abstract

A prospective study of 28 growing children (mean age of 8 years 3 months) with Class III malocclusions was consecutively treated using rapid maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction. All patients were treated from a negative overjet to a positive overjet and from a Class III dental malocclusion to a Class I dental relationship. For each patient, a lateral cephalogram was taken before treatment (T1), immediately posttreatment (T2), and after an observation period (T3) averaging 2 years 5 months. Using analysis of variance, the cephalograms were analyzed to determine skeletal and dental changes resulting from treatment. Long-term changes (2 years 5 month observation period) were also evaluated. Results showed that immediately posttreatment, the maxilla moved anteriorly a mean of 1.54 mm and Sella-Nasion-A point increased 0.87 degree. The maxillary teeth moved anteriorly 2.73 mm and proclined 5.23 degrees, while the mandible rotated in a downward and backward direction. Long-term, the anterior position of the maxilla was maintained, but some of the Class III correction was lost because of mandibular growth. Comparison of this study's results to Riolo's longitudinal Class I data showed that, overall, rapid palatal expansion and maxillary protraction produced a small orthopedic effect with a moderate dentoalveolar effect which together contributed to the correction of the Class III malocclusion.

Published
1997
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47. Evaluation of video imaging prediction in combined maxillary and mandibular orthognathic surgery.

Author

Upton PM, Sadowsky PL, Sarver DM, and Heaven TJ

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cephalometry methods, Cephalometry statistics & numerical data, Chin surgery, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Malocclusion pathology, Mandible anatomy & histology, Mandibular Advancement methods, Maxilla anatomy & histology, Middle Aged, Osteotomy methods, Osteotomy, Le Fort, Patient Care Planning, Sex Factors, Tooth Movement Techniques, Malocclusion surgery, Mandible surgery, Maxilla surgery, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Video Recording
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the soft tissue profile "line drawings" predicted by Quick Ceph Image in combined maxillary and mandibular orthognathic surgical procedures. Preoperative (mean = 27.7 days presurgical) and posttreatment (mean = 11.5 months postsurgical) lateral cephalograms of 40 white patients (10 males and 30 females) who had completed treatment that involved orthodontics, one-piece LeFort I osteotomy, and mandibular advancement by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with or without genioplasty were used in the study. Forty-five lateral hard and soft tissue landmarks were digitized, using the "on-screen" digitizing option, for each cephalogram and for each computer predicted posttreatment tracing. A customized analysis consisting of 24 linear and 4 angular measurements was used to analyze the differences between the actual posttreatment cephalometric landmark measurements and computer predicted landmark measurements. Statistically significant differences between the posttreatment cephalometric soft tissue profiles and the computer predicted soft tissue profiles were analyzed for the total sample, patients grouped according to: magnitude and direction of maxillary movements, adjunctive genioplasty procedure, V-Y closure of the LeFort I incision, and gender and age differences. The results indicated that for some of the soft tissue landmarks, differences were found between the posttreatment and the computer predicted profiles. Differences between the predicted and actual posttreatment soft tissue profiles may be attributed to the inaccuracy of Quick Ceph Image's default soft to hard tissue ratios when predicting the soft tissue response to combined maxillary and mandibular orthognathic surgical procedures.

Published
1997
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48. Bioabsorbable polymer science for the practicing surgeon.

Author

Pietrzak WS, Sarver DR, and Verstynen ML

Subjects
Absorbable Implants, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Polymers chemistry
Abstract

The structure and function relationships of polymers have long been the purview of engineers and polymer chemists. As bioabsorbable polymer implants continue to make inroads in the medical implant armamentarium, surgeons, long familiar with the properties and handling characteristics of metal implants, may find it advantageous to become aware of some of the unique characteristics of these types of materials so that an informed decision can be made regarding their usage. In this article, we present, in relatively nontechnical terms, the salient features of polymers in general and absorbable polymers in particular.

Published
1997
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49. Bioabsorbable fixation devices: status for the craniomaxillofacial surgeon.

Author

Pietrzak WS, Verstynen ML, and Sarver DR

Subjects
Bone Plates, Bone Screws, Device Approval legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Lactic Acid, Materials Testing, Polyglycolic Acid, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Polymers, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Absorbable Implants, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Craniotomy instrumentation, Internal Fixators
Abstract

With time, more and more types of medical devices become available to assist the surgeon in managing patients. Bioabsorbable fixation devices, which have been directed toward the orthopedic surgeon over the past 10 years, are but one example. One aim of this article is to present the current status of bioabsorbable devices in medical practice to the craniomaxillofacial surgeon who may not be aware of the inroads this technology has made. A bioabsorbable fixation system has become available for use by the craniomaxillofacial surgeon, which is described. A further aim of this article is to present concisely the testing rigor required of such devices before their introduction to the U.S. market. This has the added benefit of explaining the important role of the surgeon in developing and helping reduce to standard clinical practice the use of new technologies.

Published
1997

50. Effect of simulated intraoperative heating and shaping on mechanical properties of a bioabsorbable fracture plate material.

Author

Pietrzak WS, Sarver DR, Bianchini SD, and D'Alessio K

Subjects
Hot Temperature, Intraoperative Period, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Polymers, Biocompatible Materials, Bone Substitutes, Lactic Acid, Polyglycolic Acid
Abstract

Heating bioabsorbable fracture fixation plates to above their glass transition temperature renders them temporarily malleable, thus facilitating their adaptation to the underlying bone geometry, although the consequence of heating is not well understood. Poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer specimens were heated under various conditions, and the effects on specimen mechanics were assessed. Heating temporarily increased toughness while slight reducing flexural modulus. No lasting effects on in vitro material degradation were seen.

Published
1997
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