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Background: Crusted scabies (CS) is an uncommon, highly contagious, variant of classic scabies. Elevated concentrations of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis are found in the skin lesions, which lead to a more exaggerated clinical picture than in classic scabies. This disease is mainly observed in patients with any kind of immunosuppression and relates to Down syndrome., Case Report: A pediatric female patient with Down syndrome, who presented a crusty white plaque associated with nail dystrophy and subungual hyperkeratosis affecting the distal portion of the fingers is described. Because of these findings, the diagnosis of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau was considered. A punch biopsy was performed, attaining the diagnosis of CS. She received systemic treatment with oral ivermectin, topical treatment with emollient cream and desonide 0.1%. Notorious clinical improvement was observed two weeks after finalizing treatment., Conclusions: CS is variant of scabies prevalent in immunocompromised patients and Down syndrome that can be easily confused with inflammatory pathologies with abnormal epidermal keratinization. This case is considered as an atypical presentation of the disease because of local affection of the fingers and nail dystrophy. The histopathological study was necessary to obtain the diagnosis and rule out differential diagnosis., (Copyright: © 2019 Permanyer.)

Background: Several antibodies, also called serological markers, are associated with specific forms, disease behavior and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)., Aim: Summarize and analyze the evidence of the utility of serologic markers in IBD, making emphasis on their clinical utility and behavior between populations., Material and Methods: Relevant articles were located by computer-assisted search of PubMed (since January 1979 until December 2008)., Results: Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and perinuclear Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (pANCA) are the best studied serological markers. Assessing both ASCA and pANCA allows a better differentiation of Crohn's disease (CD) from ulcerative colitis (UC) than by using the individual tests alone. The ASCA+/pANCA- phenotype is characteristic of CD, while the ASCA-/pANCA+ phenotype is found in UC. The interest on atypical ANCA is growing as it may be a useful tool to distinguish between different IBD forms. Newer markers derived from various microbial species of the gut and glycan markers are of interest as they offer new ways to stratify patients into serologic subgroups. These serological markers may act as prognostic indicators of the severity and behavior of IBD, but more studies are necessary to determine their utility., Conclusions: There is emerging evidence that combining serological markers may increase the accuracy of diagnosis of a specific form of IBD or its behavior, but the perfect assay or combination of antibodies has not been discovered. They have several limitations, therefore clinicians must be aware of the evidence on serological markers, interpret them with caution and always correlate with the clinical picture.