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Sign language is one of the oldest and most natural form of language for communication, but since most people do not know sign language and interpreters are very difficult to come by we have come up with a real time method using neural networks for fingerspelling based American sign language. In our method, the hand is first passed through a filter and after the filter is applied the hand is passed through a classifier which predicts the class of the hand gestures.

This abstract presents a sub-harmonic abstraction oscillator-based sub-THz reference signal generator in a 22-nm FDSOI technology. The reference signal generation is a bottleneck in the THz sensing field, especially with the solid-state circuit method. The sub-harmonics abstraction with the dual-tank method achieves a 25 mW DC power consumption with a 0.15 THz output frequency, and its output power achieves −23 dBm, with could drive the next amplifier stage as a THz reference generation.

In this Project ‘Hotel Booking Prediction’, an accurate booking cancellation forecast by which user know the things related to hotel bookings very earlier. Booking cancellation has a significant effect on revenue which essentially affects request the board choices in the inn business. To reduce the cancellation effect, the hotel applies the cancellation model as the key to addressing this problem with the machine learning-based system developed. By combining data science tools and capabilities with human judgement and interpretation, this project aims to demonstrate how the predictive analysis of the model can contribute to synthesizing and predict about booking cancellation forecasting. Furthermore, this project aims, by detailing the full prediction & analysis, to give relaxation to user who want to apply in particular hotel. By Implement Various Algorithms like Logistic, KNN, Random Forest, Decision Tree, etc. to classify the data and also use Evaluation Matrix to separate categorical data in particular type, user can know the prediction up to the desired level. It prevents the hotel as well as Tourists to poor dealing of room. User/Customer have to enter certain field by which this model detects his prediction about the cancellation. Keywords: Logistic Regression, KNN, Random forest, Decision Tree, Evaluation Matrix.

Background Ventral hernias are the second most common type of hernias accounting for 21-35% of all hernia types. Ventral hernia includes incisional, umbilical, epigastric, and Spigelian hernias, among others. Currently, patients and surgeons prefer laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias. This study aimed to compare laparoscopic with open hernia repair in terms of various operative and patient parameters. Methodology This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur. All patients admitted with a diagnosis of ventral hernia for mesh repair (open as well as laparoscopic) were included. Laparoscopic and open hernia repair were compared in terms of operative time, postoperative hospital stay, time to resume routine activity, postoperative complications, and recurrence. Results Among the 50 patients included in the study (25 patients each in the laparoscopic and open groups), the mean operative time was 57.52 ± 5.80 minutes in the laparoscopic group and 59.8 ± 11.15 minutes in the open group. The mean hospital stay in the laparoscopy and open groups was 7.4 ± 1.58 days and 9.88 ± 2.96 days, respectively (p-value = 0.0006; significant). Postoperative pain (using the visual analog scale score) was less in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (p-value = 0.001; significant). Seroma and surgical site infections were the most common complications which were observed more in the open hernia repair group. Recurrence was seen in one case operated by the open technique. Conclusions Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is technically safer, effective, and feasible with better clinical outcomes in patients seeking treatment in a government hospital.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV 2) involving the respiratory tract started in 2019 in Wuhan, China but spread to almost all parts of the world to the extent that it was declared a pandemic by WHO. As more and more cases are detected, the involvement of systems other than respiratory was observed and nearly 5 to 50 % of patients have abdominal symptoms like pain and diarrhea. During the course of treatment, few patients developed a rare complication of gastrointestinal perforation. Three cases (two with colonic perforation and one with gastric perforation) of gastrointestinal perforation in COVID-19 positive patient are reported in the article with a review of the literature regarding the various hypothesis of intestinal perforation in these patients. Keywords: COVID-19; gastrointestinal perforation; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV 2); Tocilizumab

Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is a subset of breast cancer characterized by the most advanced breast tumours in the absence of distant metastasis. Treatment of LABC has evolved from a single modality treatment to multimodality management. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly being used to treat patients with LABC. This study assessed tumour response after NACT using clinical changes, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria and pathological report.This study was a prospective as well as retrospective observational study carried out in the department of general surgery, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur. All the patients admitted with stage III (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC) were included in the study after obtaining approval from the institutional ethical committee. Clinical response was assessed by RECIST criteria (clinical complete response (cCR), clinical partial response (cPR), clinical progressive disease (cPD), and clinical stable disease (cSD)) and pathological response by histopathological report (pCR). Response of various molecular subtypes was noted.Among 31 patients included in the study, cCR observed in 22.58% cases, cPR observed in 61.29% cases while cPD and cSD seen in 3.22% and 12.90% cases, respectively. Pathological complete response (pCR) observed in 19.35% cases. Favourable response seen with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression (cCR = 50%, pCR = 37.50%) followed by triple negative (cCR = 25%, pCR = 25%) molecular subtypes.It can be concluded that molecular subtype determination helps in deciding treatment protocol in patients with LABC with HER2 overexpression and triple-negative breast cancers having a better clinicopathological response to NACT than luminal subtypes. NACT results in downstaging of tumours, thus, help in achieving surgically clear margins and elimination of micrometastases which decreases the recurrence rates and morbidity/mortality of patients.

Continuous growth of the livestock population over the years has led to the generation of huge livestock waste. Inadequate management of animal waste and its poor disposal poses a serious public health issue and also leads to environmental pollution. In the recent decade, the rational use of lignocellulosic biomass towards preparation of bioproducts such as biofuels and biotextile has come up as a promising alternative for the efficient utilisation of animal waste biomass. Hence, the current study is focused on the efficient utilisation of an abundant source of lignocellulosic constituents, i.e. cow dung by the extraction and estimation of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, respectively by an optimised kraft pulping method. The extracted cellulose was evaluated for the degree of polymerisation and was further used for the preparation of nanocellulose which has a wide range of applications. Cellulose and nanocellulose so obtained were morphologically and spectroscopically characterised by SEM-EDX, CHNS elemental analysis, TEM, and FT-IR techniques. Further, nanocellulose was also evaluated for its physical properties such as crystallinity index and zeta potential, which revealed their good crystallinity and excellent particle stability profile. Hence, this study is an innovative approach towards the valorisation of cow dung waste biomass into useful biomaterial, i.e. nanocellulose.

Intake manifold determines the charge flowing or the mass flow rate of the fuel and air mixture, which greatly influenced the volumetric efficiency of an engine. It has a great impact on engine power and torque. They are greatly affected by degree to which cylinders are charged & geometrical parameters of intake manifold. Every specified engine has its specific engine speed and it can be optimized with the help of the intake manifold geometry. Current work aims to study the effects of various designs of Intake manifolds for a naturally aspirated Royal Enfield EFI500 engine and to increase volumetric efficiency for FSAE related competitions, by doing CFD simulations and tuning of runner length. The objective is to increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine assuming a standard restriction of 20mm diameter to limit the overall power output. After CFD on intake manifold, results obtained in the least pressure drop and hence maximum volumetric efficiency.

Objectives. To find out the risk factors, clinical features, co-morbid conditions and management practices among AD patients. Materials and methods. This study was conducted at three major tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore city of south India. Medical records of confirmed cases of AD over the recent 10 years were analyzed. A semi-structured proforma was used for data collection. Outcomes. Mean age of the 55 AD patients was 81.1±7.6 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 75.95±7.95 years. The age at the onset of AD in 14 (25.5%) patients was from 76 to 80 years. Early onset AD (≤ 65 years) was reported among 9 (16.4%) patients. 35 (63.6%) patients were males and 37 (67.3%) were from urban area. Family history of AD was present among 2 (3.6%) patients. History of depression and traumatic brain injury was present among 5 (9.1%) and 4 (7.3%) patients respectively. History of consumption of alcohol and smoking was present in 9 (16.4%) and 7 (12.7%) patients respectively. Clinical features such as disorientation and recent memory loss was present among 39 (70.9%) and 38 (69.1%) patients respectively. Donepezil was used for the management of AD in 44 (80%) of patients. Non-pharmacological methods like physiotherapy were recommended in 21 (38.2%) AD patients. Conclusions. Considering the varied problems faced by the Alzheimer’s affected patients in terms of co-morbidities and clinical presentation, a multidisciplinary approach for the management of AD is suggested. More non-pharmacologic methods need to be introduced at this setting.

The central nervous system of the Ciona larva contains only 177 neurons. The precise regulation of neuron subtype-specific morphogenesis and differentiation observed during the formation of this minimal connectome offers a unique opportunity to dissect gene regulatory networks underlying chordate neurodevelopment. Here we compare the transcriptomes of two very distinct neuron types in the hindbrain/spinal cord homolog of Ciona, the Motor Ganglion (MG): the Descending decussating neuron (ddN, proposed homolog of Mauthner Cells in vertebrates) and the MG Interneuron 2 (MGIN2). Both types are invariantly represented by a single bilaterally symmetric left/right pair of cells in every larva. Supernumerary ddNs and MGIN2s were generated in synchronized embryos and isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for transcriptome profiling. Differential gene expression analysis revealed ddN- and MGIN2-specific enrichment of a wide range of genes, including many encoding potential “effectors” of subtype-specific morphological and functional traits. More specifically, we identified the upregulation of centrosome-associated, microtubule-stabilizing/bundling proteins and extracellular guidance cues part of a single intrinsic regulatory program that might underlie the unique polarization of the ddNs, the only descending MG neurons that cross the midline. Consistent with our predictions, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated, tissue-specific elimination of two such candidate effectors, Efcab6-related and Netrin1, impaired ddN polarized axon outgrowth across the midline.

The future of mobility focuses on multidimensional parameters critical to vehicle emissions, passenger safety, and intelligent systems. Conventional materials are generally able to match the demands as mentioned above identified by the industry. However, due to the requirement for automotive components to amalgamate efficiently with future intelligent systems, there is a necessity for implementing advanced materials. Nanomaterials emerge as an optimal contender for usage in automotive body panels. Owing to their particles existing on the nanoscale, these materials offer enhanced physical, chemical, and electrical properties compared to conventional materials. As a direct effect of the above, automotive components can be manufactured in a lighter, safer, and economical manner. Crucially, nanomaterials show potential for tribological, rheological, electrical, and optical applications in automobiles. It leads to optimizations within vehicle powertrain and exhaust, tires, vision systems, and surface coating, leading to reductions in vehicle weight, greenhouse gas production, and overall carbon footprint. This article implements a study on the characteristics, properties, potential applications, and manufacturing techniques for nanomaterials. Various nanomaterial composites with differing chemical compositions are explored to gauge possible variations and compromises related to desired properties. Through transitive methods of inference formation, the capability for nanomaterial usage in automotive body panels is comprehensively examined.

The Shepherd's crook deformity of the proximal femur is a characteristic radiologic feature of fibrous dysplasia. It may be limited to a single bone, which is called monostotic, or may be polyostotic involving multiple bones as seen in McCune-Albright Syndrome. We report a case of a 19-year-old male patient who presented to us with pain in the right hip for one year. He had dysmorphic facies and multiple cafe-au-lait spots over the back, which were suggestive of McCune-Albright Syndrome. The radiographs of the hip showed varus deformity of the proximal femur. A lateral closing wedge osteotomy was done and the defect was filled with morselised femoral head allografts and fibular strut allografts. At the 14-month follow-up, the patient remained functionally active without any symptoms. The use of morselised femoral head allograft combined with strut fibular allograft ensures both stability and improved biology at the site of the lesion without any donor site morbidity.

Background - This paper evaluates the effects of events on the destination brand of Dubai as it prepares to host the Expo 2020. Destination branding assists in understanding the city’s strong “assets” and their impact on the upcoming Expo.Purpose – The purpose of the study is to understand how large events impact development of a city’s brand. Based on the results, conclusions can be made on whether the efforts for the Expo will have a lasting impact on Dubai’s destination brand.Methodology – The methodology acquires information about the effects of hosting events on Dubai’s destination brand through the analysis of the Expo 2020. Primary research, primarily in-depth interviews, bring perspective from industry professionals about destination branding, event management, and their economic implications. The Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) and other comparative models are utilized to understand correlations and applications to the Expo 2020.Findings – The paper considers the preliminary efforts of Dubai indicating the increased opportunities in the city and excitement in the global community. The results highlight that the successful initiation of Expo 2020 would display Dubai’s capability of hosting events, differentiating it from other cities, and presenting a positive outlook for the economy. Areas that will experience growth include Dubai as a major event venue, a major tourist destination, and an economic hub in the region.Research limitations – This study has been conducted before the official commencement of the Expo 2020 and therefore it gives a “before the event” perspective only. It could be improved by assessing the visitor interest and attitudes after the event and making cause and effect models to develop comprehensive conclusions about the impact.Originality/value – There are limited studies on this topic as World Expos are major events occurring in select cities with economic and infrastructural capabilities. The current research on the impact of events mainly focuses on sports or festivals. Expo 2020 has great importance to Dubai due to its economic and destination brand implications, confirming the uniqueness of the research. Based on the results, future studies can assess large-scale events around the world, present accurate information on the impacts of expos, and enrich destination branding studies.Keywords: Dubai, Destination Branding, Events, Expo 2020, World Expo

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the earliest non-conventional method of manufacturing processes. This process based on thermoelectric energy between work piece and electrodeand they must have electrical conductivity to generate the spark. A spark generated between work piece and electrode, and removes the material from work piece through melting and vaporizing. EDM produced various types of products such as dies and moulds. EDM is used to manufacture the parts of aerospace, automotive industry and surgical components. The effect of the machining parameters on surface roughness, metal removal rateand tool wear rate are studied.

International research shows that 75 per cent of the fastest growing occupations require Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM) skills. However, a recent survey report said that almost a third of global women working in STEMM expect to leave the sector within the next five years. This loss is very significant and wastage of resources, talent and expertise with respect to every nation’s growth. Although number of national and international policies and programs have been implemented to promote and increase the inclusion of gender equity in the field of science and technology but there is significant gender gap about the participation of women at higher levels of science academic careers, referred to as ‘vertical segregation’. This leads to understand the interplay of inclusive policies, organizational, societal and personal factors that exclude women from pinnacle of the hierarchy in academic and research institutions. Challenges are more in hard sciences like mathematics, physics, engineering and computer science where there is no equity in numbers even at start level. This study engages with women engineers located particularly in the middle management level to record the impact of ongoing policies & programs and compare the findings to unfold some of their struggles which is linked to the leadership questions in ‘Women in Engineering’. Pay, progression and security issues are not only being barriers to women reaching the higher levels of science and technology professions but unconscious biases, stereotype, some myths, societal, cultural and institutional roots also impediments to support ‘Women in Engineering’. This indicates that no single strategy can entirely plug the leak and there is need of sharing the best practices among different nations through multi-faceted approach across all levels to break the glass ceiling.

Nanoengineering is an emerging field with combination of all traditional branches of science. Development in nanoengineering is opening avenues in the field of health specially development of prostheses & implants, diagnostics and drug delivery. Application of nanoengineering is used to discover and design materials for better biocompatibility with a high degree of specificity. Present paper introduced ongoing research in the application of nanotechnology and its use in development of antibacterial, rigid and functional implants.

Recently, Nanoscale Communication (NC) has opens door to new techniques in medical and security against Nuclear, Biological and Chemical weapons. However, modelling and analysis of the effect of the channel are one of the main issues in NC. Further, apart from path loss polarization factor affect the Channel Impulse Response (CIR). This paper presents the effect of polarization factor on CIR of NC system under Channel Model-3 (CM-3) scenario. Furthermore, it is noticeable that the CM-3 scenario includes both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS of intra-body and body to exterior. All possible scenarios of CM-3 are included in the analysis by considering different positioning of the antenna with polarization factor of respective antennas. The results are simulated in MATLAB-14.

The doctrine of survivorship was a model of property division, prevalent in the Mitakshara school of thought under Hindu legal traditions. It was a heavily patriarchal system which essentially mandated the division of the estate solely among the male claimants, terming them as coparceners. This selective exclusion of female descendants and disqualification of legal heirs’ claim in their ancestral property was gradually diluted and ultimately abolished via a series of legislations and amendments, providing females a greater equitable claim, a guaranteed share and a set of complimentary rights. This article documents this process and its impact, via examples of important cases and critical outlook of the currently persisting issues in the much-transformed doctrine.

Meta tags of websites are a key factor for improving the search engine results. The problem with website tagging is that a lot of developers, especially regional website developers, tend to overlook this fact. This leads to a decrease in the number of hits of the webpage during search engine results. This paper proposes a model for recommending tags for a website in a regional language. Fuzzy logic is used to provide the results of tag recommendation on a variety of text data sets, with the help of different fuzzy logic operators. The novelty of this paper is that the tag set for a web page in a regional language (Hindi) is recommended. The text is first translated to English and the frequency of the words is represented using a fuzzy membership function, which forms the first feature. A second novel feature is the use of a list of common words for every particular category. A combination of these features is used to generate the output. The model gives an output between 0–1 for each tag denoting the relevance of the tag. This generates the list of top tags recommended for a website, from which the user can select tags according to the user's preference.

Fractures of the distal femur typically occur in the axial and sagittal planes. A Hoffa fracture is a coronal plane fracture of the femoral condyle, which accounts for 8.7% to 13% of distal femoral fractures. It is usually associated with other injuries around the knee joint and hence is often missed. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of papers published in the English language using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database, which reported Hoffa's fracture associated with other injuries around the knee joint. We selected 11 eligible papers for final analysis and review. These papers had 12 patients with Hoffa's fracture, with associated injuries around the knee joint. The associated injuries with Hoffa's fracture were in the ipsilateral distal femur, proximal tibia fractures, patellar dislocation, patella fracture, and patellar tendon incarceration. The management principles for Hoffa's fracture with associated injuries around the knee joint are: having a high clinical index of suspicion for these injuries, obtaining all trauma series radiographs and computed tomography of the knee, achieving complete articular incongruity, and restoring the functions of the knee joint.

Nanomaterials (NMs) play a vital role in molecular imaging, disease diagnosis, and therapy because of their unique chemical and physical properties. The importance of nanomaterials in biomedical applications cannot be overlooked as they are the potential carrier and delivery agents of imaging probes, therapeutic drugs, or active biological material to desired target sites. Nanomaterial-based biomedicines have significant advantages over traditional or conventional ones such as better sensitivity, high target specificity, bioavailability, and biodistribution. In this chapter we have given a brief account on the advancements of different types of nanomaterials for their use in the molecular and bioimaging of a number of dreadful diseases including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter also gives details on the use of these nanomaterials in disease detection and therapy at the preclinical as well as clinical aspects. Finally, we have concluded with the future outlook for the proper use of these nanomaterials in molecular imaging, diagnostics, and therapy.

Nanotechnology has given a plethora of nanoparticles (NPs) during the last decades, which have been extensively used in molecular imaging, diagnostics and therapy. Despite recent progress in this area, there are only a few nanoformulations that have entered into clinical trials. We must identify new nanoimaging probes and their targets for therapy, develop new nanoagents for diagnostics, and position them in a clinically useful and cost-effective manner. This chapter summarizes the current status of NPs used as molecular imaging probes, their use in the diagnosis of disease-related analytes, and also their effective use in therapy.

This paper provides the combinatorial interpretations of twelve mock theta functions in terms of ( n + t ) -color partitions with attached weights. We further find combinatorial interpretations of the generalized versions of all these mock theta functions and present these into six families.

Recently, the number of violence-related cases in places such as remote roads, pathways, shopping malls, elevators, sports stadiums, and liquor shops, has increased drastically which are unfortunately discovered only after it’s too late. The aim is to create a complete system that can perform real-time video analysis which will help recognize the presence of any violent activities and notify the same to the concerned authority, such as the police department of the corresponding area. Using the deep learning networks CNN and LSTM along with a well-defined system architecture, we have achieved an efficient solution that can be used for real-time analysis of video footage so that the concerned authority can monitor the situation through a mobile application that can notify about an occurrence of a violent event immediately.

Coarctation of Aorta (CoA) is a congenital cardiac defect which can present in adults. The usual presentation is hypertension. Though it has subtle clinical signs but they can go undetected if not sought for. One of the most catastrophic presentations can be severe hypertension with its complications. We report a case of a 40 year old female who presented to us with hypertensive encephalopathy and finally diagnosed as CoA