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Cities are complex urban conurbations and facing many challenges. The majority of the world’s population now live in cities and consume 80 % of the resources. ‘Smart City’ innovation is emerging as a major response to the challenges cities are facing. Much of the focus remains on technological interventions, but technology alone may not be sufficient to reach smart and sustainable city goals. Cities are made up of people who have influence and are therefore key stakeholders in the development of smart city innovation and cannot be ignored. This paper aims to explore community engagement in Nottingham to help deliver smart city innovation and the way Nottingham City Council is engaging local communities in its smart projects. The paper analyses the community engagement strategy of Nottingham developed as part of the EU funded smart city project, REMOURBAN (REgeneration MOdel for accelerating the smart URBAN transformation). The main drivers and barriers to effective community engagement are identified in the smart city context. This exploratory study adopted a case study strategy and qualitative research methods. The data was collected through thirteen semi-structured interviews with middle and senior managers in Nottingham City Council and other stakeholder organisations in the city and a focus group of five community leaders from three local community groups. The content analysis of the REMOURBAN documents related to citizen engagement and the council’s energy strategies and policies was carried out. The key results are discussed with recommendations to nurture effective community engagement as a smart city tool and conclusions are drawn.

This report is a deliverable for the REMOURBAN (REgeneration MOdel for accelerating the smart URBAN transformation) project which is a HORIZON 2020 programme project. Deliverable 5.2 was aimed at the development of a model for replication potential.

Background: The infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (Salmonella enteritidis) have been increasing in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between the strains of Salmonella enteritidis. Methods: In a descriptive study from 2008 to 2010, clinical Salmonella enteritidis strains were collected from the patients referred to different hospitals in Tehran. The strains identified by biochemical and serological methods. Genetic relationships between the isolates were investigated using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. Findings: Of 40 Salmonella enteritidis isolated strains, two PFGE profiles were obtained which among them, 32 (80%) and 8 (20%) of isolates belonged to cluster A and cluster B, respectively. Based on PFGE patterns, 28 (70%) strains exhibited nine bands and were belonged to cluster A. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that isolated Salmonella enteritidis strains belonged to the closed clones.

This paper describes the case study of a system testing for DIVERCITY. DIVERCITY was an EU funded project undertaken by a European consortium of researchers and practitioners from the construction industry. They were working together in an attempt to develop VR based software that enables the industry to better undertake the client briefing, design review, and construction planning phases of a construction project. The project had the acronym DIVERCITY – ‘Distributed Virtual Workspace for Enhancing Communication within the Construction Industry.\ud \ud DIVERCITY’s development and testing teams spread across four EU countries. That added an additional layer of complexity to the system testing. DIVERCITY used conformance approach for testing strategy to meet the user requirements of the system. This paper describes the methods used, and the lessons learned in the DIVERCITY project.

There is a gap between construction IT (CIT) research and its uptake within the construction industry. One way to reduce this gap is better requirements capture and testing during CIT research. \ud DIVERCITY was a European consortium of researchers and practitioners from the construction industry who attempted to develop a virtual environment that enables the industry to better undertake the client briefing and design reviews. The project had the acronym DIVERCITY – ‘Distributed Virtual Workspace for Enhancing Communication within the Construction Industry.’ \ud This paper explores the user requirements capture of the DIVERCITY project. DIVERCITY has large and evolving requirements, which must consider the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, such as clients, architects and contractors. However, virtual environments such as DIVERCITY are not currently in use in the construction sector. Practitioners are often unsure of the detail of how virtual environments would support the construction process, and how to overcome some of the barriers to the introduction of new technologies. This complicates the requirements capture process. \ud The paper starts by establishing the importance of requirements capture in the CIT community, as well as explaining some of the current methods and trends in requirements capture. This is followed by an explanation of DIVERCITY’s requirements capture process and exploration of some of its strengths & weaknesses. Finally some discussion and lessons are offered on how to improve the requirements capture & testing process in the CIT research community.

DIVERCITY allows users to visualise building projects and run computer simulations of various aspects of their performance during the briefing, design and construction phases. In particular, the software enables collaborative working between groups of project stakeholders in separate locations. Who should read this? This handbook has been written specifically for construction project leaders and business managers. What can DIVERCITY achieve? n Improved communications with the client; n Design of better facilities; n Improved collaboration and communication across the supply chain.

DIVERCITY is a large EU funded project in the area of construction IT undertaken by a European consortium of researchers and practitioners from the construction industry. It is the acronym for Distributed Virtual Workspace for enhancing Communication within the Construction Industry and the prototype that presents the mechanism to smoothly and collaboratively conduct the construction projects from early briefing to the detailed design and even further by the end of the construction phase. To be precise, DIVERCITY aims to supply a shared virtual construction design and briefing environment that enables the construction industry to better undertake the client briefing and design review phases of a project.\ud \ud DIVERCITY comprises three main workspaces, which are client briefing, design review and construction workspaces respectively. Whilst the Client Briefing workspace enables architect to interact and communicate with client for capturing client needs, the design review workspace allows design team to review the design solution in different respects and the construction workspace helps the planner evaluate optimum buildability for a building through communication with other parties of the design team.\ud \ud The paper presents the DIVERCITY system and its main six components: Client Briefing, Lighting, Acoustic, Thermal and Heating Simulations, Visual Product Chronology, lastly Site planning & Analysis, how each of them handles different aspects of a construction project in a construction supply chain and how they complement each others to constitute a seamless integrated computer environment for the sake of excellence of briefing and design and construction planning.

The construction industry is very much fragmented and the concept of\ud interoperability and integrated model based engineering is now becoming an\ud industrial need, to address the difficulties of information exchange at all stages\ud and between all parties involved in the construction life cycle. The lAI's IFC\ud (common building information model standard) is now maturing in supporting\ud the various phases of the construction life cycle. In addition, the industry is\ud beginning to use geographic information systems (GISs) in various stages of the\ud construction life cycle. Geospatial representations of building information models\ud can be required when working with geographic information systems in the\ud construction life cycle. On the other hand, geographic information systems are\ud commonly used information systems to plan and manage the urban built\ud environment. Some urban management tasks such as disaster management,\ud delivery of goods and services, detailed cityscape visualisation require a high\ud amount of geometrical and non-geometrical information about buildings. In fact,\ud the lack of integration between Building Information Models and the Geospatial\ud Information Domain, creates a technological barrier to, automation of some\ud industrial processes in construction life cycle and urban management domains. In\ud order to find a solution to this integration problem, this study aimed to assess\ud the applicability and benefits of an implementation of a building information\ud model in geospatial context. In light of the aim, the research assesses how a\ud technological innovation (an implementation of a building information model in a\ud geospatial context) can improve the process in related areas of the construction\ud life cycle and urban management domains.\ud The research started with a background literature review that is concerned with\ud the trends and visions of construction information technology, in order to\ud determine the main research directions. Major industrial trends and visions of,\ud computer integrated construction were investigated and, building and geospatial\ud information modelling are selected as two main research directions. The next\ud phase of the background study aimed to investigate the building information\ud modelling knowledge domain. In this context Standard for the Exchange of\ud Product Model Data (STEP), STEP based methods for information exchange, file\ud and database implementations of STEP, STEP based building information\ud modelling efforts, the structure of industry standard building information model-\ud Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)-, several industrial projects that implement\ud IFC model are investigated. The final stage of the background study investigated\ud the modelling and management of geospatial information. This stage of the\ud research started with investigating the role of geospatial information in\ud construction and urban management knowledge domains. The research\ud continued with investigating the geospatial data modelling efforts in two and\ud three dimensions, and also looked at the use of three dimensional geospatial