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1. Detecting and Focusing on a Nonlinear Target in a Complex Medium

Author

Goïcoechea, Antton, Hüpfl, Jakob, Rotter, Stefan, Sarrazin, François, and Davy, Matthieu

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Wavefront shaping techniques allow waves to be focused on a diffraction-limited target deep inside disordered media. To identify the target position, a guidestar is required that typically emits a frequency-shifted signal. Here we present a noninvasive matrix approach operating at a single frequency only, based on the variation of the field scattered by a nonlinear target illuminated at two incident powers. The local perturbation induced by the nonlinearity serves as a guide for identifying optimal incident wavefronts. We demonstrate maximal focusing on electronic devices embedded in chaotic microwave cavities and extend our approach to temporal signals. Finally, we exploit the programmability offered by reconfigurable smart surfaces to enhance the intensity delivered to a nonlinear target. Our results pave the way for deep imaging protocols that use any type of nonlinearity as feedback, requiring only the measurement of a monochromatic scattering matrix.

Published
2024

2. Arsenic stress triggers active exudation of arsenic-phytochelatin complexes from Lupinus albus roots

Author

Frémont, Adrien, Sas, Eszter, Sarrazin, Mathieu, Brisson, Jacques, Pitre, Frédéric Emmanuel, and Brereton, Nicholas James Beresford

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production, Lupinus albus, arsenic, arsenic phytochelatin complexes, exclusion, phytochelatin, phytoremediation, rhizosphere, root exudates, sequestration, soil pollution, Genetics, Plant Biology & Botany, Crop and pasture production, Biochemistry and cell biology, Plant biology
Abstract

Arsenic contamination of soils threatens the health of millions globally through accumulation in crops. While plants detoxify arsenic via phytochelatin (PC) complexation and efflux of arsenite from roots, arsenite efflux mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, white lupin (Lupinus albus) was grown in semi-hydroponics and exudation of glutathione (GSH) derivatives and PCs in response to arsenic was scrutinised using LC-MS/MS. Inhibiting synthesis of PC precursor GSH with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or ABC transporters with vanadate drastically reduced (>22%) GSH-derivative and PC2 exudation, but not PC3 exudation. This was accompanied by arsenic hypersensitivity in plants treated with BSO and moderate sensitivity with vanadate treatment. Investigating arsenic-phytochelatin (As-PC) complexation revealed two distinct As-PC complexes, As bound to GSH and PC2 (GS-As-PC2) and As bound to PC3 (As-PC3), in exudates of As-treated lupin. Vanadate inhibited As-PC exudation, while BSO inhibited both the synthesis and exudation of As-PC complexes. These results demonstrate a role of GSH-derivatives and PC exudation in lupin arsenic tolerance and reveal As-PC exudation as a new potential mechanism contributing to active arsenic efflux in plants. Overall, this study uncovers insight into rhizosphere arsenic detoxification with potential to help mitigate pollution and reduce arsenic accumulation in crops.

Published
2024

3. Robust Confidence Intervals in Stereo Matching using Possibility Theory

Author

Malinowski, Roman, Sarrazin, Emmanuelle, Dumas, Loïc, Dubois, Emmanuel, and Destercke, Sébastien

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, I.2.10, I.5.1
Abstract

We propose a method for estimating disparity confidence intervals in stereo matching problems. Confidence intervals provide complementary information to usual confidence measures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method creating disparity confidence intervals based on the cost volume. This method relies on possibility distributions to interpret the epistemic uncertainty of the cost volume. Our method has the benefit of having a white-box nature, differing in this respect from current state-of-the-art deep neural networks approaches. The accuracy and size of confidence intervals are validated using the Middlebury stereo datasets as well as a dataset of satellite images. This contribution is freely available on GitHub.

Published
2024

4. SAT-NGP : Unleashing Neural Graphics Primitives for Fast Relightable Transient-Free 3D reconstruction from Satellite Imagery

Author

Billouard, Camille, Derksen, Dawa, Sarrazin, Emmanuelle, and Vallet, Bruno

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Current stereo-vision pipelines produce high accuracy 3D reconstruction when using multiple pairs or triplets of satellite images. However, these pipelines are sensitive to the changes between images that can occur as a result of multi-date acquisitions. Such variations are mainly due to variable shadows, reflexions and transient objects (cars, vegetation). To take such changes into account, Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have recently been applied to multi-date satellite imagery. However, Neural methods are very compute-intensive, taking dozens of hours to learn, compared with minutes for standard stereo-vision pipelines. Following the ideas of Instant Neural Graphics Primitives we propose to use an efficient sampling strategy and multi-resolution hash encoding to accelerate the learning. Our model, Satellite Neural Graphics Primitives (SAT-NGP) decreases the learning time to 15 minutes while maintaining the quality of the 3D reconstruction., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; Accepted to International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2024; Code available at https://github.com/Ellimac0/SAT-NGP

Published
2024
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5. Critical Slowing Down in a Real Physical System

Author

Marconi, Mathias, Alfaro-Bittner, Karin, Sarrazin, Lucas, Giudici, Massimo, and Tredicce, Jorge R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

The behavior of a dynamical system can exhibit abrupt changes when it crosses a tipping point. To prevent catastrophic events, it is useful to analyze indicators of the incoming bifurcation, as the divergence of the relaxation time of the system when approaching the critical point. However, this phenomenon, called critical slowing down (CSD), is hardly measurable in real physical systems. In this paper we provide experimental evidence of CSD in a laser system crossing the emission threshold and we analyze how it is affected by a time changing parameter and by noise., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

6. Derivation of Antenna $Q$-factor based on Antenna Scattering-Matrix Theory

Author

de Rosny, Julien and Sarrazin, François

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

A radio antenna is primarily designed to convert electromagnetic waves into electrical current and vice versa. However, a part of the incident wavefield is scattered due to structural effects and reflected power at the antenna's electrical port. Because the latter depends on the load impedance, an antenna can also be referred to as a loaded scatterer. Its interaction with electromagnetic waves is defined by means of absorption and scattering cross-sections (ACS and SCS). When immersed in a diffuse field such as the one generated within a reverberation chamber (RC), the impact of the load antenna results from averaged properties over incident angles. One fundamental quantity is the antenna quality factor (Q-factor) directly related to the averaged ACS. Current formulations of Q-factor are based on different power budget analysis which do not enable the consideration of wave interferences between the ingoing and outgoing fields. Additionally, the structural component is always neglected in the current formulations. In this paper, we introduce a rigorous formulation of the antenna Q-factor which takes into account the aforementioned effects. The antenna is modeled using the scattering-matrix theory which linearly links the ingoing and outgoing waves in terms of spherical harmonics expansion. The derived theory is validated using several numerical simulations based on a Method-of-Moment code. Then, the capability to take advantage of this model to retrieve antenna properties from multiple Q-factor estimations in an RC is demonstrated. All results are compared to the existing Q-factor formulations.

Published
2024

7. Transfer Operators from Batches of Unpaired Points via Entropic Transport Kernels

Author

Beier, Florian, Bi, Hancheng, Sarrazin, Clément, Schmitzer, Bernhard, and Steidl, Gabriele

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 37A30, 62G07
Abstract

In this paper, we are concerned with estimating the joint probability of random variables $X$ and $Y$, given $N$ independent observation blocks $(\boldsymbol{x}^i,\boldsymbol{y}^i)$, $i=1,\ldots,N$, each of $M$ samples $(\boldsymbol{x}^i,\boldsymbol{y}^i) = \bigl((x^i_j, y^i_{\sigma^i(j)}) \bigr)_{j=1}^M$, where $\sigma^i$ denotes an unknown permutation of i.i.d. sampled pairs $(x^i_j,y_j^i)$, $j=1,\ldots,M$. This means that the internal ordering of the $M$ samples within an observation block is not known. We derive a maximum-likelihood inference functional, propose a computationally tractable approximation and analyze their properties. In particular, we prove a $\Gamma$-convergence result showing that we can recover the true density from empirical approximations as the number $N$ of blocks goes to infinity. Using entropic optimal transport kernels, we model a class of hypothesis spaces of density functions over which the inference functional can be minimized. This hypothesis class is particularly suited for approximate inference of transfer operators from data. We solve the resulting discrete minimization problem by a modification of the EMML algorithm to take addional transition probability constraints into account and prove the convergence of this algorithm. Proof-of-concept examples demonstrate the potential of our method.

Published
2024

8. Updated Results from the Retrospective CREST Study on the Safety and Effectiveness of 8-Week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in HCV-Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients with Compensated Cirrhosis

Author

Cornberg, Markus, Hüppe, Dietrich, Sarrazin, Christoph, Ahumada, Adriana, Jorquera Plaza, Francisco, Mariño, Zoe, Otano, Juan Isidro Uriz, Conway, Brian, Myles, Lindsay, Ramji, Alnoor, Abergel, Armand, Asselah, Tarik, Larrey, Dominique, Aghemo, Alessio, Andreoni, Massimo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Lampertico, Pietro, Persico, Marcello, Villa, Erica, Carmiel, Michal, Chodick, Gabriel, Weil, Clara, Bhagat, Abhi, Bondin, Mark, Butrymowicz, Isabel, Song, Yanna, Semizarov, Dimitri, Sonparote, Sadhana, and Llamas, Cynthia

Published
2024
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10. Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignment

Author

Tunstall, Lewis, Beeching, Edward, Lambert, Nathan, Rajani, Nazneen, Rasul, Kashif, Belkada, Younes, Huang, Shengyi, von Werra, Leandro, Fourrier, Clémentine, Habib, Nathan, Sarrazin, Nathan, Sanseviero, Omar, Rush, Alexander M., and Wolf, Thomas

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

We aim to produce a smaller language model that is aligned to user intent. Previous research has shown that applying distilled supervised fine-tuning (dSFT) on larger models significantly improves task accuracy; however, these models are unaligned, i.e. they do not respond well to natural prompts. To distill this property, we experiment with the use of preference data from AI Feedback (AIF). Starting from a dataset of outputs ranked by a teacher model, we apply distilled direct preference optimization (dDPO) to learn a chat model with significantly improved intent alignment. The approach requires only a few hours of training without any additional sampling during fine-tuning. The final result, Zephyr-7B, sets the state-of-the-art on chat benchmarks for 7B parameter models, and requires no human annotation. In particular, results on MT-Bench show that Zephyr-7B surpasses Llama2-Chat-70B, the best open-access RLHF-based model. Code, models, data, and tutorials for the system are available at https://github.com/huggingface/alignment-handbook.

Published
2023

11. Hydroxychloroquine use is associated with reduced mortality risk in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Author

Iyer, Priyanka, Gao, Yubo, Jalal, Diana, Girotra, Saket, Singh, Namrata, and Vaughan-Sarrazin, Mary

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Arthritis, Autoimmune Disease, Cardiovascular, Aging, Clinical Research, Inflammatory and immune system, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Aged, United States, Hydroxychloroquine, Antirheumatic Agents, Retrospective Studies, Medicare, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiovascular events, MACE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatology, Clinical sciences, Immunology, Allied health and rehabilitation science
Abstract

BackgroundThere is little robust data about the cardiovascular safety of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who often have cardiovascular comorbidities. We examined the association between use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients with RA and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).MethodsIn a retrospective cohort of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years with RA, we identified patients who initiated HCQ (users) and who did not initiate HCQ (non-users) between January 2015-June 2017. Each HCQ user was matched to 2 non-users of HCQ using propensity score derived from patient baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACE, defined as acute admissions for stroke, myocardial infarction, or heart failure. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and the composite of MACE and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare outcomes between HCQ users to non-users.ResultsThe study included 2380 RA patients with incident HCQ use and matched 4633 HCQ non-users over the study period. The mean follow-up duration was 1.67 and 1.63 years in HCQ non-users and users, respectively. In multivariable models, use of HCQ was not associated with the risk of MACE (hazard ratio 1.1; 95% CI: 0.832-1.33). However, use of HCQ was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.45-0.64) and the composite of all-cause mortality and MACE (HR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58-0.78).ConclusionHCQ use was independently associated with a lower risk of mortality in older adults with RA but not with incidence of MACE events. Key Points • Using an incident user design (to avoid the biases of a prevalent user design) and a population-based approach, we examined the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in older patients with RA. • We did not find an association between HCQ use and incident MACE. We did, however, find a significant association with the composite outcome (MACE and all-cause mortality) driven by a significant reduction in all-cause mortality with HCQ use.

Published
2024

12. Gridded dataset of nitrogen and phosphorus point sources from wastewater in Germany (1950–2019)

Author

F. J. Sarrazin, S. Attinger, and R. Kumar

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Knowledge about the long history of the anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is crucial to capture long-term N and P processes (legacies) and to investigate water quality and ecosystem health. These inputs include N and P point sources, which mainly originate from wastewater and which are directly discharged into surface waters, thus having an immediate impact on ecosystem functioning. However, N and P point sources are challenging to estimate, due to the scarcity of and uncertainty in observational data. Here, we contribute towards improved characterisation of N and P point sources from wastewater by providing a long-term (1950–2019), high-resolution (0.015625° ≈1.4 km on average) dataset for Germany. The dataset includes both domestic and industrial emissions treated in wastewater treatment plants and untreated domestic emissions that are collected in the sewer system. We adopt a modelling approach that relies on a large range of data collected from different sources. Importantly, we account for the uncertainties arising from different modelling choices (i.e. coefficients and downscaling approach). We provide 200 gridded N and P point source realisations, which are constrained and evaluated using available (recent) observations of wastewater treatment plants' outgoing loads. We discuss the uncertainties in our reconstructed dataset over a large sample of river basins in Germany and provide guidance for future uses. Overall, by capturing the long-term spatial and temporal variations in N and P point sources and accounting for uncertainties, our dataset can facilitate long-term and large-scale robust water quality studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10500535 (Sarrazin et al., 2024).

Published
2024
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13. Motivational and emotional correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior after cardiac rehabilitation: an observational study

Author

Layan Fessler, Elena Tessitore, Cecilia Craviari, Philippe Sarrazin, Philippe Meyer, Christophe Luthy, Eliana Hanna-Deschamps, and Boris Cheval

Subjects
Exercise, Physical inactivity, Patients, Motivation, Health, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Abstract Background The present study assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) levels and their motivational and emotional health-related correlates, in outpatients following a cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program, and compared these variables with those of a healthy control group. Methods The study included 119 participants: 68 CR outpatients (M age 57.76 ± 10.76; 86.76% males) and 51 control participants matched on age (M age 57.35 ± 6.33 years; 45.10% males). PA and SB were assessed using accelerometers during the first week post-discharge for outpatients and during a typical week for controls. Motivational (i.e., perceived capabilities, affective and instrumental attitudes, intention, approach-avoidance tendencies) and emotional health-related variables (i.e., anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain intensity) were measured using validated scales. PA and SB data from 17 outpatients and 42 controls were valid for analysis, resulting in a final sample of 59 participants. Results CR outpatients engaged an average of 60.21 (± 34.79) min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and 548.69 (± 58.64) min of SB per day, with 18 more minutes of MVPA per day than controls (p = .038). Univariate and multivariate regressions indicated that positive affective attitudes were associated with higher MVPA (b = 10.32, R2 = 0.07, p = .029), and that males spent more time in SB than females (b = 40.54, R2 = 0.09, p = .045). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions showed that meeting the World Health Organization’s weekly guidelines for MVPA was associated with higher perceived capabilities toward PA and more positive affective attitudes (OR = 1.17, p = .030; OR = 1.26, p

Published
2024
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14. When Online Citizen Science Meets Teaching: Storyfication of a Science Discovery Game to Teach, Learn, and Contribute to Genomic Research

Author

Chrisostomos Drogaris, Alexander Butyaev, Elena Nazarova, Roman Sarrazin-Gendron, Harsh Patel, Akash Singh, Brenden Kadota, and Jérôme Waldispühl

Abstract

In the last decade, video games became a common vehicle for citizen science initiatives in life science, allowing participants to contribute to real scientific data analysis while learning about it. Since 2010, our scientific discovery game (SDG) Phylo enlists participants in comparative genomic data analysis. It is frequently used as a learning tool, but the activities were difficult to aggregate to build a coherent teaching activity. Here, we describe a strategy and series of recipes to facilitate the integration of SDGs in courses and implement this approach in Phylo. We developed new roles and functionalities enabling instructors to create assignments and monitor the progress of students. A story mode progressively introduces comparative genomics concepts, allowing users to learn and contribute to the analysis of real genomic sequences. Preliminary results from a user study suggest this framework may help to boost user motivation and clarify pedagogical objectives.

Published
2024
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16. Violation of C/CP Symmetry Induced by a Scalar Field Emerging from a Two-Brane Universe: A Gateway to Baryogenesis

Author

Sarrazin, Michael and Stasser, Coraline

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

A model of baryogenesis is introduced where our usual visible Universe is a 3-brane coevolving with a hidden 3-brane in a multidimensional bulk. The visible matter and antimatter sectors are naturally coupled with the hidden matter and antimatter sectors, breaking the C/CP invariance and leading to baryogenesis occurring after the quark-gluon era. The issue of leptogenesis is also discussed. The symmetry breaking spontaneously occurs due to the presence of an extra scalar field supported by the $U(1)\otimes U(1)$ gauge group, which extends the conventional electromagnetic gauge field in the two-brane universe. Observational consequences are discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Final version, accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2023
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20. A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea

Author

Moll, Dorothee, Asmus, Harald, Blöcker, Alexandra, Böttcher, Uwe, Conradt, Jan, Färber, Leonie, Funk, Nicole, Funk, Steffen, Gutte, Helene, Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald, Kotterba, Paul, Krumme, Uwe, Madiraca, Frane, Meier, H. E. Markus, Meyer, Steffi, Moritz, Timo, Otto, Saskia A., Pinto, Guilherme, Polte, Patrick, Riekhof, Marie-Catherine, Sarrazin, Victoria, Scotti, Marco, Voss, Rudi, Winkler, Helmut, and Möllmann, Christian

Published
2024
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25. Late baryogenesis in a two-brane universe with a latent C/CP violation

Author

Sarrazin, Michael and Stasser, Coraline

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We introduce a toy model of baryogenesis where our usual visible Universe is a 3-brane coevolving with a hidden 3-brane in a multidimensional bulk, in an ekpyrotic-like approach. The visible matter and antimatter sectors are coupled with the hidden matter and antimatter sectors, breaking the C/CP invariance and leading to baryogenesis occurring after the quark-gluon era. The issue of leptogenesis is also discussed. This model complements cosmological approaches in which dark matter and dark energy could naturally emerge from many-brane scenarios., Comment: The authors have withdrawn the paper (arXiv:2304.07243) because it has been merged with another complementary paper (arXiv:2307.10637) to enhance consistency and clarity. The full paper is now available under arXiv:2307.10637 as a result of this merger

Published
2023

26. A new FDSOI spin qubit platform with 40nm effective control pitch

Author

Bédécarrats, T., Paz, B. Cardoso, Diaz, B. Martinez, Niebojewski, H., Bertrand1, B., Rambal, N., Comboroure, C., Sarrazin, A., Boulard, F., Guyez, E., Hartmann, J. -M., Morand, Y., Magalhaes-Lucas, A., Nowak, E., Catapano, E., Cassé, M., Urdampilleta, M., Niquet, Y. -M., Gaillard, F., De Franceschi, S., Meunier, T., and Vinet, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Operating Si quantum dot (QD) arrays requires homogeneous and ultra-dense structures with aggressive gate pitch. Such a density is necessary to separately control the QDs chemical potential (i.e. charge occupation of each QD) from the exchange interaction (i.e. tunnel barriers between each QD). We present here a novel Si quantum device integration that halves the effective gate pitch and provides full controllability in 1D FDSOI QD arrays. The major advantages of this architecture are explored through numerical simulations. Functionality of the fabricated structure is validated via 300K statistical electrical characterization, while tunnel-coupling control is demonstrated at cryogenic temperature.

Published
2023
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27. Linearized optimal transport on manifolds

Author

Sarrazin, Clément and Schmitzer, Bernhard

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Functional Analysis
Abstract

Optimal transport is a geometrically intuitive, robust and flexible metric for sample comparison in data analysis and machine learning. Its formal Riemannian structure allows for a local linearization via a tangent space approximation. This in turn leads to a reduction of computational complexity and simplifies combination with other methods that require a linear structure. Recently this approach has been extended to the unbalanced Hellinger--Kantorovich (HK) distance. In this article we further extend the framework in various ways, including measures on manifolds, the spherical HK distance, a study of the consistency of discretization via the barycentric projection, and the continuity properties of the logarithmic map for the HK distance., Comment: 45 pages, 10 figures Numerical examples can be generated using the code at https://gitlab.gwdg.de/bernhard.schmitzer/linot

Published
2023

28. Advanced Analysis of Radar Cross-Section Measurements in Reverberation Environment

Author

Charlo, Corentin, Méric, Stéphane, Sarrazin, François, Richalot, Elodie, Sol, Jérôme, and Besnier, Philippe

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Reverberation chambers (RCs) were recently reported as a low-cost alternative to anechoic chambers (ACs) to perform radar cross-section (RCS) pattern measurements. The method consists of using transmitting and receiving antennas pointing towards a target under test placed on a rotating mast. As a classical RCS characterization, the echo signal is analysed based on two measurements with and without the target in the RC. In the hypothesis of an ideal diffuse field generated in the RC, this signal difference appears as the echo signal hidden in a Gaussian noise. In case of a point-like backscattering target, observing this signal over a given frequency bandwidth allows the identification of the target response as a sinusoidal signal over this bandwidth whose period is related to the antenna-target distance measured from the measurement calibration plane positions. Therefore, the extraction of the magnitude of this sinusoidal signal requires a proper estimation of this distance. Furthermore, a sinusoidal regression processing relies on the approximation of a constant envelope over the selected frequency bandwidth, imposing some restrictions. In this paper, we introduce a two-step method that consists in identifying the most appropriate distance according to the target's orientation before estimating the magnitude of the sinusoidal signal. We highlight improvement of RCS estimation on a point-like back-scattering target compared to the one-step procedure applied so far. In addition, it is shown that the analysis performed regarding the estimated distance provides a physical insight into the position of the equivalent backscattering point.

Published
2023

29. ARGV: 3D genome structure exploration using augmented reality

Author

Chrisostomos Drogaris, Yanlin Zhang, Eric Zhang, Elena Nazarova, Roman Sarrazin-Gendron, Sélik Wilhelm-Landry, Yan Cyr, Jacek Majewski, Mathieu Blanchette, and Jérôme Waldispühl

Subjects
3D genome browser, 3D genome organization, Augmented reality AR, Virtual reality VR, Mobile app, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Over the past two decades, scientists have increasingly realized the importance of the three-dimensional (3D) genome organization in regulating cellular activity. Hi-C and related experiments yield 2D contact matrices that can be used to infer 3D models of chromosome structure. Visualizing and analyzing genomes in 3D space remains challenging. Here, we present ARGV, an augmented reality 3D Genome Viewer. ARGV contains more than 350 pre-computed and annotated genome structures inferred from Hi-C and imaging data. It offers interactive and collaborative visualization of genomes in 3D space, using standard mobile phones or tablets. A user study comparing ARGV to existing tools demonstrates its benefits.

Published
2024
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30. Prefrontal cortex molecular clock modulates development of depression-like phenotype and rapid antidepressant response in mice

Author

David H. Sarrazin, Wilf Gardner, Carole Marchese, Martin Balzinger, Chockalingam Ramanathan, Marion Schott, Stanislav Rozov, Maxime Veleanu, Stefan Vestring, Claus Normann, Tomi Rantamäki, Benedicte Antoine, Michel Barrot, Etienne Challet, Patrice Bourgin, and Tsvetan Serchov

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Depression is associated with dysregulated circadian rhythms, but the role of intrinsic clocks in mood-controlling brain regions remains poorly understood. We found increased circadian negative loop and decreased positive clock regulators expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of a mouse model of depression, and a subsequent clock countermodulation by the rapid antidepressant ketamine. Selective Bmal1KO in CaMK2a excitatory neurons revealed that the functional mPFC clock is an essential factor for the development of a depression-like phenotype and ketamine effects. Per2 silencing in mPFC produced antidepressant-like effects, while REV-ERB agonism enhanced the depression-like phenotype and suppressed ketamine action. Pharmacological potentiation of clock positive modulator ROR elicited antidepressant-like effects, upregulating plasticity protein Homer1a, synaptic AMPA receptors expression and plasticity-related slow wave activity specifically in the mPFC. Our data demonstrate a critical role for mPFC molecular clock in regulating depression-like behavior and the therapeutic potential of clock pharmacological manipulations influencing glutamatergic-dependent plasticity.

Published
2024
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31. A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea

Author

Dorothee Moll, Harald Asmus, Alexandra Blöcker, Uwe Böttcher, Jan Conradt, Leonie Färber, Nicole Funk, Steffen Funk, Helene Gutte, Hans-Harald Hinrichsen, Paul Kotterba, Uwe Krumme, Frane Madiraca, H. E. Markus Meier, Steffi Meyer, Timo Moritz, Saskia A. Otto, Guilherme Pinto, Patrick Polte, Marie-Catherine Riekhof, Victoria Sarrazin, Marco Scotti, Rudi Voss, Helmut Winkler, and Christian Möllmann

Subjects
Climate change, Climate vulnerability assessment, Fish community, Trait-based sensitivity, Western Baltic Sea, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Marine fisheries are increasingly impacted by climate change, affecting species distribution and productivity, and necessitating urgent adaptation efforts. Climate vulnerability assessments (CVA), integrating expert knowledge, are vital for identifying species that could thrive or suffer under changing environmental conditions. This study presents a first CVA for the Western Baltic Sea's fish community, a crucial fishing area for Denmark and Germany. Characterized by a unique mix of marine, brackish, and freshwater species, this coastal ecosystem faces significant changes due to the combined effects of overfishing, eutrophication and climate change. Our CVA involved a qualitative expert scoring of 22 fish species, assessing their sensitivity and exposure to climate change. Our study revealed a dichotomy in climate change vulnerability within the fish community of the Western Baltic Sea because traditional fishing targets cod and herring as well as other species with complex life histories are considered to face increased risks, whereas invasive or better adaptable species might thrive under changing conditions. Our findings hence demonstrate the complex interplay between life-history traits and climate change vulnerability in marine fish communities. Eventually, our study provides critical knowledge for the urgent development of tailored adaptation efforts addressing existing but especially future effects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the Western Baltic Sea, to navigate this endangered fisheries systems into a sustainable future.

Published
2024
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33. A Spatial Data Focusing and Generalized Time-invariant Frequency Diverse Array Approach for High Precision Range-angle-based Geocasting

Author

Molineaux, Guylian, Horlin, Francois, De Doncker, Philippe, and Sarrazin, Julien

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

A novel unified frequency diverse array (FDA) and spatial data focusing (SDF) approach is proposed to simultaneously overcome time-variance and precision constraints of conventional FDA in geocasting, i.e., spatially confined broadcasting, scenarios. This paper describes a free space FDA-based SDF (FDA-SDF) system model for 2-dimensional range-angle-based focusing, including a generalized multi-purpose baseband approach for time-invariant FDA, complemented by SDF processing for improved spatial focusing precision and reduced array size. Comprehensive analytical derivations - general for any frequency offset configuration - describe the geographical FDA-SDF properties and design rules, such as geocast delivery zone steering, location, uniqueness, and size. Simulations of the proposed scheme validate theoretical derivations and demonstrate FDA-SDF's superior spatial precision and minimal design complexity. In particular, using novel alternating logarithmic frequency offsets, a 3-antenna FDA-SDF setup is shown to match the radial and azimuthal precision of its beamforming-based FDA counterpart using, respectively, 64 and 24 antennas.

Published
2023

34. Patient, facility, and environmental factors associated with obesity treatment in US Veterans

Author

Vijayvardhan Kamalumpundi, Jessica K. Smith, Kathleen M. Robinson, Assim Saad Eddin, Aiah Alatoum, Ghena Kasasbeh, Marcelo L. G. Correia, and Mary Vaughan Sarrazin

Subjects
obesity treatment, rural population, veterans Affairs, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Abstract Background Identifying patient‐, facility‐, and environment‐level factors that influence the initiation and retention of comprehensive lifestyle management interventions (CLMI) for urban and rural Veterans could improve obesity treatment and reach at Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. Aims This study identified factors at these various levels that predicted treatment engagement, retention, and weight management among urban and rural Veterans. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 631,325 Veterans was designed using VA databases to identify Veterans with class II and III obesity during 2015–2017. Primary outcomes were initiation of CLMI, bariatric surgery, or obesity pharmacotherapy within 1 year of index date. Secondary outcomes included treatment retention and successful weight loss. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationships between factors and obesity‐related outcomes, with rurality differences assessed through interaction terms. Results Patient characteristics associated with increased odds of initiating CLMI included female sex (p

Published
2024
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35. Impact of Hemoglobin Levels on Composite Cardiac Arrest or Stroke Outcome in Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19

Author

Shi Nan Feng, BSPH, Thu-Lan Kelly, PhD, John F. Fraser, MD, PhD, Gianluigi Li Bassi, MD, PhD, Jacky Suen, PhD, Akram Zaaqoq, MD, MPH, Matthew J. Griffee, MD, Rakesh C. Arora, MD, Nicole White, PhD, Glenn Whitman, MD, Chiara Robba, MD, PhD, Denise Battaglini, MD, PhD, Sung-Min Cho, DO, MHS, on behalf of COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC), Robert Bartlett, John F. Fraser, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Jacky Y. Suen, Heidi J. Dalton, John Laffey, Daniel Brodie, Eddy Fan, Antoni Torres, Davide Chiumello, Alyaa Elhazm, Carol Hodgson, Shingo Ichiba, Carlos Luna, Srinivas Murthy, Alistair Nichol, Pauline Yeung Ng, Mark Ogino, Aidan Burrell, Antonio Pesenti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Huda Alfoudri, Mohammed Shamsah, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Ashley Berg, Christina Horn, Yunis Mayasi, Stephan Schroll, Dan Meyer, Jorge Velazco, Ludmyla Ploskanych, Wanda Fikes, Rohini Bagewadi, Marvin Dao, Haley White, Alondra Berrios Laviena, Ashley Ehlers Maysoon, Shalabi-McGuire, Trent Witt, Lorenzo Grazioli, Luca Lorini, E. Wilson Grandin, Jose Nunez, Tiago Reyes, Diarmuid O’Briain, Stephanie Hunter, Mahesh Ramanan, Julia Affleck, Hemanth Hurkadli Veerendra, Sumeet Rai, Josie Russell-Brown, Mary Nourse, Mark Joseph, Brook Mitchell, Martha Tenzer, Ryuzo Abe, Hwa Jin Cho, In Seok Jeong, Nadeem Rahman, Vivek Kakar, Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez, Nicolas Brozzi, Omar Mehkri, Sudhir Krishnan Abhijit, Duggal Stuart Houltham, Jerónimo Graf, Roderigo Diaz, Roderigo Orrego, Camila Delgado, Joyce González, Maria Soledad Sanchez, Michael Piagnerelli, Josefa Valenzuela Sarrazin, A/Prof. Gustavo Zabert, Lucio Espinosa, Paulo Delgado, Victoria Delgado, Diego Fernando, Bautista Rincón, Angela Maria Marulanda Yanten, Melissa Bustamante Duque, Alyaa Elhazmi, Abdullah Al-Hudaib, Maria Callahan, M. Azhari Taufik, Elizabeth Yasmin Wardoyo, Margaretha Gunawan, Nurindah S Trisnaningrum, Vera Irawany, Muhammad Rayhan, Mauro Panigada, Alberto Zanella, Giacomo Grasselli, Sebastiano Colombo, Chiara Martinet, Gaetano Florio, Massimo Antonelli, Simone Carelli, Domenico L. Grieco, Motohiro Asaki, Kota Hoshino, Leonardo Salazar, Mary Alejandra Mendoza Monsalve, Bairbre McNicholas, David Cosgrave, Joseph McCaffrey, Allison Bone, Yusuff Hakeem, James Winearls, Mandy Tallott, David Thomson, Christel Arnold-Day, Jerome Cupido, Zainap Fanie, Malcom Miller, Lisa Seymore, Dawid van Straaten, Ali Ait Hssain, Jeffrey Aliudin, Al-Reem Alqahtani, Khoulod Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed, Darwin Tan, Joy Villanueva, Ahmed Zaqout, Ethan Kurtzman, Arben Ademi, Ana Dobrita, Khadija El Aoudi, Juliet Segura, Gezy Giwangkancana, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Javier Osatnik, Anne Joosten, Minlan Yang, Ana Motos, Francisco Arancibia, Virginie Williams, Alexandre Noel, Nestor Luque, Marina Fantini, Ruth Noemi Jorge García, Enrique Chicote Alvarez, Anna Greti, Adrian Ceccato, Angel Sanchez, Ana Loza Vazquez, Ferran Roche-Campo, Diego Franch-Llasat, Divina Tuazon, Marcelo Amato, Luciana Cassimiro, Flavio Pola, Francis Ribeiro, Guilherme Fonseca, Heidi Dalton, Mehul Desai, Erik Osborn Hala Deeb, Antonio Arcadipane, Gennaro Martucci, Giovanna Panarello, Chiara Vitiello, Claudia Bianco, Giovanna Occhipinti, Matteo Rossetti, Raffaele Cuffaro, Sung-Min Cho, Glenn Whitman, Hiroaki Shimizu, Naoki Moriyama, Jae-Burm Kim, Nobuya Kitamura, Johannes Gebauer, Toshiki Yokoyama, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Sarah Buabbas, Esam Alamad, Fatma Alawadhi, Kalthoum Alawadi, Hiro Tanaka, Satoru Hashimoto, Masaki Yamazaki, Tak-Hyuck Oh, Mark Epler, Cathleen Forney, Louise Kruse, Jared Feister, Joelle Williamson, Katherine Grobengieser, Eric Gnall, Sasha Golden, Mara Caroline, Timothy Shapiro, Colleen Karaj, Lisa Thome, Lynn Sher, Mark Vanderland, Mary Welch, Sherry McDermott, Matthew Brain, Sarah Mineall, Dai Kimura, Luca Brazzi, Gabriele Sales, Giorgia Montrucchio, Tawnya Ogston, Dave Nagpal, Karlee Fischer, Roberto Lorusso, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Sujin Rai, Argin Appu, Mariano Esperatti, Nora Angélica Fuentes, Maria Eugenia Gonzalez, Edmund G. Carton, Ayan Sen, Amanda Palacios, Deborah Rainey, Gordan Samoukoviv, Josie Campisi, Lucia Durham, Emily Neumann, Cassandra Seefeldt, Octavio Falcucci, Amanda Emmrich, Jennifer Guy, Carling Johns, Kelly Potzner, Catherine Zimmermann, Angelia Espinal, Nina Buchtele, Michael Schwameis, Andrea Korhnfehl, Roman Brock, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne, Stecher Michaela Barnikel, Sófia Antón, Alexandra Pawlikowski, Akram Zaaqoq, Lan Anh Galloway, Caitlin Merley, Marc Csete, Luisa Quesada, Isabela Saba, Daisuke Kasugai, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Taku Tanaka, Eva Marwali, Yoel Purnama, Santi Rahayu Dewayanti, Ardiyan, Dafsah Arifa Juzar, Debby Siagian, Yih-Sharng Chen, Indrek Ratsep, Andra-Maris Post, Piret Sillaots, Anneli Krund, Merili-Helen Lehiste, Tanel Lepik, Frank Manetta, Effe Mihelis, Iam Claire Sarmiento, Mangala Narasimhan, Michael Varrone, Mamoru Komats, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Catherine Harmon, S. Veena Satyapriya, Amar Bhatt, Nahush A. Mokadam, Alberto Uribe, Alicia Gonzalez, Haixia Shi, Johnny McKeown, Joshua Pasek, Juan Fiorda, Marco Echeverria, Rita Moreno, Bishoy Zakhary, Marco Cavana, Alberto Cucino, Giuseppe Foti, Marco Giani, Benedetta Fumagalli, Valentina Castagna, Andrea Dell’Amore, Paolo Navalesi, Hoi-Ping Shum, Alain Vuysteke, Asad Usman, Andrew Acker, Benjamin Smood, Blake Mergler, Federico Sertic, Madhu Subramanian, Alexandra Sperry, Nicolas Rizer, Erlina Burhan, Menaldi Rasmin, Ernita Akmal, Faya Sitompul, Navy Lolong, Bhat Naivedh, Simon Erickson, Peter Barrett, David Dean, Julia Daugherty, Antonio Loforte, Irfan Khan, Mohammed Abraar Quraishi, Olivia DeSantis, Dominic So, Darshana Kandamby, Jose M. Mandei, Hans Natanael, Eka YudhaLantang, Anastasia Lantang, Surya Oto Wijaya, Anna Jung, George Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Shu Fang, Alexis Tabah, Megan Ratcliffe, Maree Duroux, Shingo Adachi, Shota Nakao, Pablo Blanco, Ana Prieto, Jesús Sánchez, Meghan Nicholson, Warwick Butt, Alyssa Serratore, Carmel Delzoppo, Pierre Janin, Elizabeth Yarad, Richard Totaro, Jennifer Coles, Bambang Pujo, Robert Balk, Andy Vissing, Esha Kapania, James Hays, Samuel Fox, Garrett Yantosh, Pavel Mishin, Saptadi Yuliarto, Kohar Hari Santoso, Susanthy Djajalaksana, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Masahiro Fukuda, Keibun Liu, Paolo Pelosi, Denise Battaglini, Juan Fernando Masa Jiménez, Diego Bastos, Sérgio Gaião, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Young-Jae Cho, Su Hwan Lee, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Laveena Munshi, Pranya Sakiyalak, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Tamara Seitz, Rakesh Arora, David Kent, Daniel Marino, Swapnil Parwar, Andrew Cheng, Jennene Miller, Shigeki Fujitani, Naoki Shimizu, Jai Madhok, Clark Owyang, Hergen Buscher, Claire Reynolds, Olavi Maasikas, Aleksan Beljantsev, Vladislav Mihnovits, Takako Akimoto, Mariko Aizawa, Kanako Horibe, Ryota Onodera, Meredith Young, Timothy George, Kiran Shekar, Niki McGuinness, Lacey Irvine, Brigid Flynn, Tomoyuki Endo, Kazuhiro Sugiyama, Keiki Shimizu, Kathleen Exconde, Leslie Lussier, Gösta Lotz, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Lars Maier, Esther Dreier, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti, Colin McCloskey, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Tarek B Elshazly, Josiah Smith, Konstanty S. Szuldrzynski, Piotr Bielański, Keith Wille, Ken Kuljit, S. Parhar, Kirsten M. Fiest, Cassidy Codan, Anmol Shahid, Mohamed Fayed, Timothy Evans, Rebekah Garcia, Ashley Gutierrez, Tae Song, Rebecca Rose, Suzanne Bennett, Denise Richardson, Giles Peek, Lovkesh Arora, Kristina Rappapport, Kristina Rudolph, Zita Sibenaller, Lori Stout, Alicia Walter, Daniel Herr, Nazli Vedadi, Shaun Thompson, Julie Hoffman, Xiaonan Ying, Ryan Kennedy, Muhammed Elhadi, Matthew Griffee, Anna Ciullo, Yuri Kida, Ricard Ferrer Roca, JordI Riera, Sofia Contreras, Cynthia Alegre, Christy Kay, Irene Fischer, Elizabeth Renner, Hayato Taniguci, John Fraser, Jacky Suen, Adrian Barnett, Nicole White, Kristen Gibbons, Simon Forsyth, Amanda Corley, India Pearse, Samuel Hinton, Gabriella Abbate, Halah Hassan, Silver Heinsar, Varun A Karnik, Katrina Ki, Hollier F. O’Neill, Nchafatso Obonyo, Leticia Pretti Pimenta, Janice D. Reid, Kei Sato, Aapeli Vuorinen, Karin S. Wildi, Emily S. Wilson, Stephanie Yerkovich, James Lee, Daniel Plotkin, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Laura Merson, Emma Hartley, Bastian Lubis, Takanari Ikeyama, Balu Bhaskar, Jae-Seung Jung, Shay McGuinness, Glenn Eastwood, Sandra Rossi Marta, Fabio Guarracino, Stacy Gerle, Emily Coxon, Bruno Claro, Daniel Loverde, Namrata Patil, Vieri Parrini, Angela McBride, Kathryn Negaard, Angela Ratsch, Ahmad Abdelaziz, Juan David Uribe, Adriano Peris, Mark Sanders, Dominic Emerson, Muhammad Kamal, Pedro Povoa, Roland Francis, Ali Cherif, Sunimol Joseph, Matteo Di Nardo, Micheal Heard, Kimberly Kyle, Ray A Blackwell, Patrick Biston, Hye Won Jeong, Reanna Smith, Yogi Prawira, Arturo Huerta Garcia, Nahikari Salterain, Bart Meyns, Marsha Moreno, Rajat Walia, Amit Mehta, Annette Schweda, Moh Supriatna, Cenk Kirakli, Melissa Williams, Kyung Hoon Kim, Alexandra Assad, Estefania Giraldo, Wojtek Karolak, Martin Balik, Elizabeth Pocock, Evan Gajkowski, Kanamoto Masafumi, Nicholas Barrett, Yoshihiro Takeyama, Sunghoon Park, Faizan Amin, Fina Meilyana Andriyani, Serhii Sudakevych, Magdalena Vera, Rodrigo Cornejo, Patrícia Schwarz, Ana Carolina Mardini, Thais de Paula, Ary Serpa Neto, Andrea Villoldo, Alexandre Siciliano Colafranceschi, Alejandro Ubeda Iglesias, Juan Granjean, Lívia Maria Garcia Melro, Giovana Fioravante Romualdo, Diego Gaia, Helmgton Souza, Filomena Galas, Rafael Máñez Mendiluce, Alejandra Sosa, Ignacio Martinez, Hiroshi Kurosawa, Juan Salgado, Beate Hugi-Mayr, Eric Charbonneau, Vitor Salvatore Barzilai, Veronica Monteiro, Rodrigo Ribeiro de Souza, Michael Harper, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Celina Adams, Jorge Brieva, George Nyale, Faisal Saleem Eltatar, Jihan Fatani, Husam Baeissa, Ayman AL Masri, Ahmed Rabie, Mok Yee Hui, Masahiro Yamane, Hanna Jung, Ayorinde Mojisola Margaret, Newell Nacpil, Katja Ruck, Rhonda Bakken, Claire Jara, Tim Felton, Lorenzo Berra, Bobby Shah, Arpan Chakraborty, Monika Cardona, Gerry Capatos, Bindu Akkanti, Abiodun Orija, Harsh Jain, Asami Ito, Brahim Housni, Sennen Low, Koji Iihara, Joselito Chavez, Kollengode Ramanathan, Gustavo Zabert, Krubin Naidoo, Ian Seppelt, Marlice VanDyk, Sarah MacDonald, Randy McGregor, Teka Siebenaler, Hannah Flynn, Kristi Lofton, Toshiyuki Aokage, Kazuaki Shigemitsu, Andrea Moscatelli, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Matthias Baumgaertel, Serge Eddy Mba, Jana Assy, Amelya Hutahaean, Holly Roush, Kay A Sichting, Francesco Alessandri, Debra Burns, Gavin Salt, Carl P. Garabedian, Jonathan Millar, Malcolm Sim, Adrian Mattke, Danny McAuley, Jawad Tadili, Tim Frenzel, Yaron Bar-Lavie, Aaron Blandino Ortiz, Jackie Stone, Antony Attokaran, Michael Farquharson, Brij Patel, Derek Gunning, Kenneth Baillie, Pia Watson, Kenji Tamai, Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa, Dyah Kanyawati, Marcello Salgado, Assad Sassine, Bhirowo Yudo, Scott McCaul, Bongjin Lee, Sang Min Lee, Arnon Afek, Yoshiaki Iwashita, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Jack Metiva, Nicole Van Belle, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Lenny Ivatt, Chia Yew Woon, Hyun Mi Kang, Timothy Smith, Erskine James, Nawar Al-Rawas, Yudai Iwasaki, Kenny Chan King-Chung, Vadim Gudzenko, Fabio Taccone, Fajar Perdhana, Yoan Lamarche, Joao Miguel Ribeiro, Nikola Bradic, Klaartje Van den Bossche, Oude Lansink, Gurmeet Singh, Gerdy Debeuckelaere, Henry T. Stelfox, Cassia Yi, Jennifer Elia, Thomas Tribble, Shyam Shankar, Raj Padmanabhan, Bill Hallinan, Luca Paoletti, Yolanda Leyva, Tatuma Fykuda, Jenelle Badulak, Jillian Koch, Amy Hackman, Lisa Janowaik, Deb Hernandez, Jennifer Osofsky, Katia Donadello, Aizah Lawang, Josh Fine, and Benjamin Davidson

Subjects
Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

OBJECTIVES:. Anemia has been associated with an increased risk of both cardiac arrest and stroke, frequent complications of COVID-19. The effect of hemoglobin level at ICU admission on a composite outcome of cardiac arrest or stroke in an international cohort of COVID-19 patients was investigated. DESIGN:. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database. SETTING:. A registry of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs at over 370 international sites was reviewed for patients diagnosed with cardiac arrest or stroke up to 30 days after ICU admission. Anemia was defined as: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL for women, ≥ 13.5 g/dL for men), mild (hemoglobin 10.0–11.9 g/dL for women, 10.0–13.4 g/dL for men), moderate (hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 g/dL for women and men), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL for women and men). PATIENTS:. Patients older than 18 years with acute COVID-19 infection in the ICU. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 6926 patients (median age = 59 yr, male = 65%), 760 patients (11.0%) experienced stroke (2.0%) and/or cardiac arrest (9.4%). Cardiac arrest or stroke was more common in patients with low hemoglobin, occurring in 12.8% of patients with normal hemoglobin, 13.3% of patients with mild anemia, and 16.7% of patients with moderate/severe anemia. Time to stroke or cardiac arrest by anemia status was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk. Covariates selected through clinical knowledge were age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac or neurologic conditions), pandemic era, country income, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moderate/severe anemia was associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrest or stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67). CONCLUSIONS:. In an international registry of ICU patients with COVID-19, moderate/severe anemia was associated with increased hazard of cardiac arrest or stroke.

Published
2024
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36. 3D imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected hamster lungs by X-ray phase contrast tomography enables drug testing

Author

Jakob Reichmann, Clement Sarrazin, Sebastian Schmale, Claudia Blaurock, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Bernhard Schmitzer, and Tim Salditt

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography (XPCT) based on wavefield propagation has been established as a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging modality, suitable to reconstruct the intricate structure of soft tissues, and the corresponding pathological alterations. However, for biomedical research, more is needed than 3D visualisation and rendering of the cytoarchitecture in a few selected cases. First, the throughput needs to be increased to cover a statistically relevant number of samples. Second, the cytoarchitecture has to be quantified in terms of morphometric parameters, independent of visual impression. Third, dimensionality reduction and classification are required for identification of effects and interpretation of results. To address these challenges, we here design and implement a novel integrated and high throughput XPCT imaging and analysis workflow for 3D histology, pathohistology and drug testing. Our approach uses semi-automated data acquisition, reconstruction and statistical quantification. We demonstrate its capability for the example of lung pathohistology in Covid-19. Using a small animal model, different Covid-19 drug candidates are administered after infection and tested in view of restoration of the physiological cytoarchitecture, specifically the alveolar morphology. To this end, we then use morphometric parameter determination followed by a dimensionality reduction and classification based on optimal transport. This approach allows efficient discrimination between physiological and pathological lung structure, thereby providing quantitative insights into the pathological progression and partial recovery due to drug treatment. Finally, we stress that the XPCT image chain implemented here only used synchrotron radiation for validation, while the data used for analysis was recorded with laboratory $$\mu$$ μ CT radiation, more easily accessible for pre-clinical research.

Published
2024
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37. Tactile shape discrimination for moving stimuli

Author

Nicolas Pélegrin, Mahiko Konishi, and Jean-Christophe Sarrazin

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract In this study, we explored spatial-temporal dependencies and their impact on the tactile perception of moving objects. Building on previous research linking visual perception and human movement, we examined if an imputed motion mechanism operates within the tactile modality. We focused on how biological coherence between space and time, characteristic of human movement, influences tactile perception. An experiment was designed wherein participants were stimulated on their right palm with tactile patterns, either ambiguous (incongruent conditions) or non-ambiguous (congruent conditions) relative to a biological motion law (two-thirds power law) and asked to report perceived shape and associated confidence. Our findings reveal that introducing ambiguous tactile patterns (1) significantly diminishes tactile discrimination performance, implying motor features of shape recognition in vision are also observed in the tactile modality, and (2) undermines participants’ response confidence, uncovering the accessibility degree of information determining the tactile percept’s conscious representation. Analysis based on the Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Model unveiled the sensitivity of the evidence accumulation process to the stimulus’s informational ambiguity and provides insight into tactile perception as predictive dynamics for reducing uncertainty. These discoveries deepen our understanding of tactile perception mechanisms and underscore the criticality of predictions in sensory information processing.

Published
2024
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38. Meteorological, snow and soil data, CO2, water and energy fluxes from a low-Arctic valley of Northern Quebec

Author

F. Domine, D. Sarrazin, D. F. Nadeau, G. Lackner, and M. Belke-Brea

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

As the vegetation in the Arctic changes, tundra ecosystems along the southern border of the Arctic are becoming greener and gradually giving way to boreal ecosystems. This change is affecting local populations, wildlife, energy exchange processes between environmental compartments, and the carbon cycle. To understand the progression and the implications of this change in vegetation, satellite measurements and surface models can be employed. However, in situ observational data are required to validate these measurements and models. This paper presents observational data from two nearby sites in the forest–tundra ecotone in the Tasiapik Valley near Umiujaq in Northern Quebec, Canada. One site is on a mixture of lichen and shrub tundra. The associated data set comprises 9 years of meteorological, soil and snow data as well as 3 years of eddy covariance data. The other site, 850 m away, features vegetation consisting mostly of tall shrubs and black spruce. For that location, 6 years of meteorological, soil and snow data are available. In addition to the data from the automated stations, profiles of snow density and specific surface area were collected during field campaigns. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964743 (Domine et al., 2024).

Published
2024
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39. Worth the dip? Polar bear predation on swimming flightless greater snow geese and estimation of energetic efficiency

Author

Matthieu Weiss-Blais, David Bolduc, Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Frédéric Dulude-de Broin, Thierry Grandmont, Frédéric LeTourneux, Mathilde Poirier, Denis Sarrazin, and Pierre Legagneux

Subjects
Climate change, Ursus maritimus, Foraging tactics, Energy uptake, Anser caerulescens, Arctic lakes and ponds, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Environmental engineering, TA170-171
Abstract

As sea-ice cover is shrinking, polar bears (Ursus maritimus, Phipps, 1774) face decreased access to seals, their primary prey, resulting in a greater dependence on terrestrial food sources. Whether polar bears can benefit from these terrestrial food sources, however, depends on their ability to find and capture prey items without expending more energy than is acquired. Here, we report one of the northernmost observations of polar bear predation on adult birds. The bear used a dive-hunting technique, which consisted of submerging itself, approaching underwater, and catching flightless greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)) from beneath the surface of a tundra pond. After evaluating energy expenditures during swimming and energy intakes from consuming geese, we estimated that this rarely documented dive-hunting technique could be energetically profitable for a certain range of pursuit durations. This observation highlights the behavioral plasticity that polar bears can deploy to punctually exploit land-based food sources.

Published
2024
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40. A framework for analyzing seawater intrusion in coastal areas: An adapted GALDIT model application for Espírito Santo, Brazil

Author

Victor Hugo Sarrazin Lima, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes, João Paulo Moura, Mariângela Dutra de Oliveira, Lucien Akabassi, and Fernando António Leal Pacheco

Subjects
GALDIT, Groundwater, Parametric model, Seawater intrusion, Water resources, Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

This article introduces the GALDITE methodology, an adaptation of GALDIT used to assess seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. GALDITE incorporates a new parameter (E) focusing on groundwater exploitation through artesian wells, previously overlooked in GALDIT. The methodology evaluates vulnerability using parameters like aquifer type, hydraulic conductivity, distance to coastline, and now groundwater extraction impact. Statistical validation using Barreiras aquifer data confirms the effectiveness of (E) in enhancing model accuracy. Sensitivity analysis highlights the parameter's significant influence on overall vulnerability assessment. The results indicate that the key impact zones identified include the downstream regions of the São Mateus, Doce, and Itabapoana rivers, as well as the municipality of Vitória, highlighting the applicability of GALDITE. The utility of GALDITE in managing coastal water resources, enhancing governance, and guiding sustainable strategies is emphasized, particularly in the face of increasing seawater intrusion risks exacerbated by intensive groundwater extraction. This study underscores the necessity of integrating groundwater exploitation into aquifer vulnerability assessments for effective coastal water management.

Published
2024
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41. Long‐distance post‐release movements challenge the metapopulation restoration of Bearded Vultures

Author

Cécile Tréhin, Olivier Duriez, François Sarrazin, Benoit Betton, Jocelyn Fonderflick, Franziska Loercher, Etienne Marlé, Jean‐Francois Seguin, Julien Traversier, Noémie Ziletti, and Jean‐Baptiste Mihoub

Subjects
establishment phase, exploration movements, foraging behavior, Gypaetus barbatus, reintroduction, satellite telemetry, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Restoring ecological dynamics is a key objective of conservation translocations. Exemplarily, reconnecting the reintroduced alpine populations with native Pyrenean populations through re‐establishing locally extinct populations in between, in the Causses and the Pre‐Alps, is a major goal for the long‐term conservation of Bearded Vultures in Europe. Understanding Bearded Vultures' post‐release movements and foraging behavior is critical to understanding the settlement of newly restored populations and to supporting conservation measures. The telemetric monitoring of 43 translocated and wild‐born juveniles allowed us to investigate whether differences exist in post‐release movements and foraging behavior during the first year of life between reintroduced and native populations. Medium‐ and long‐distance exploration movements start during the spring following fledging for both translocated and wild‐born individuals. However, birds translocated in the most distant release site (Causses) exhibited greater exploration distances with no clear directional movement pattern, had smaller home ranges, and had a stronger preference for supplementary feeding stations than those from other populations. Although some birds translocated in the Pre‐Alps displayed similar behaviors, the pattern is not as strong as in the Causses, likely because of the proximity to the breeding populations reintroduced in the Alps or differences in the number and management of supplementary feeding stations. Preference for supplementary feeding stations (SFS) mostly occurred in the Pre‐Alps and the native populations, but was lower in the Causses. Seasonal variations in SFS preference were consistent among populations, with a peak in the first spring following fledging. Beyond documenting post‐release movements in Bearded Vultures, we suggest better accounting for the demographic consequences of behaviors to track conservation translocation effectiveness, at both local and regional scales.

Published
2024
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42. Rare HCV subtypes and retreatment outcomes in a cohort of European DAA-experienced patients

Author

Julia Dietz, Christiana Graf, Christoph P. Berg, Kerstin Port, Katja Deterding, Peter Buggisch, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Johannes Vermehren, Georg Dultz, Andreas Geier, Florian P. Reiter, Tony Bruns, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Elena Durmashkina, Thierry Gustot, Christophe Moreno, Janina Trauth, Thomas Discher, Janett Fischer, Thomas Berg, Andreas E. Kremer, Beat Müllhaupt, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, C. Antoni, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, T. Boettler, C. Neumann-Haefelin, R. Thimme, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, V. Ellenrieder, M. Gress, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, D. Hoffmann, U. Protzer, A. Kodal, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, V. Keitel-Anselmino, C.M. Lange, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, A. Maieron, P. Michl, U. Merle, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, M. Müller-Schilling, F. Kocheise, T. Müller, F. Tacke, E. Roeb, J. Rissland, M. Krawczyk, P. Schulze, D. Semela, U. Spengler, J. Rockstroh, C.P. Strassburg, J. Siebler, J. Schulze zur Wiesch, F. Piecha, J. von Felden, S. Jordan, A. Lohse, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, R. Stauber, B. Strey, W. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, A. Canbay, C. Trautwein, F. Uschner, J. Trebicka, T. Weber, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, P. Wietzke-Braun, R. Günther, K. Willuweit, G. Hilgard, H. Schmidt, E. Zizer, J. Backhus, T. Seufferlein, O. Al-Taie, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, S. Haag, H. Heinzow, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, L. Reinhardt, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, H. Wege, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, P. Buggisch, K. Matschenz, J. Petersen, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A.O. Tal, M. Schneider, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, J. Fischer, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, C. Hartmann, C. Klag, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, H. Hinrichsen, B. Seegers, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, Wolfratshausen, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, P. Gute, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, S. Mauss, C. Mayer, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K, R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
Direct-acting antivirals, Hepatitis C Virus, rare HCV genotypes, resistance-associated substitutions, treatment response, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background and Aims: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of so-called rare HCV genotypes (GTs) in larger cohorts is limited. This study investigates the frequency of rare GT and resistance-associated substitutions and the efficacy of retreatment in a European cohort. Methods: A total of 129 patients with rare GT1-6 were included from the European resistance database. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B were sequenced and clinical parameters and retreatment efficacies were collected retrospectively. Results: Overall 1.5% (69/4,656) of direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-naive and 4.4% (60/1,376) of DAA-failure patients were infected with rare GT. Although rare GTs were almost equally distributed throughout GT1-6 in DAA-naive patients, we detected mainly rare GT4 (47%, 28/60 GT4; of these n = 17, subtype 4r) and GT3 (25%, 15/60 GT3, of these n = 8, subtype 3b) among DAA-failures. A total of 62% (37/60) of DAA failures had not responded to first-generation regimes and the majority was infected with rare GT4 (57%, 21/37). In contrast, among patients with failure to pangenotypic DAA regimens (38%, 23/60), infections with rare GT3 were overrepresented (57%, 13/23). Although NS5A RASs were uncommon in rare GT2, GT5a, and GT6, we observed combined RASs in rare GT1, GT3, and GT4 at positions 28, 30, 31, which can be considered as inherent. DAA failures with completed follow-up of retreatment, achieved a high SVR rate (94%, 45/48 modified intention-to-treat analysis; 92%, 45/49 intention-to-treat). Three patients with GT4f, 4r, or 3b, respectively, had virological treatment failure. Conclusions: In this European cohort, rare HCV GT were uncommon. Accumulation of specific rare GT in DAA-failure patients suggests reduced antiviral activities of DAA regimens. The limited global availability of pangenotypic regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed. Impact and implications: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of rare HCV genotypes (GT) in larger cohorts are still scarce. This study found low rates of rare HCV GTs among European HCV-infected patients. In direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-failure patients, rare GT3 subtypes accumulated after pangenotypic DAA treatment and rare GT4 after first generation DAA failure and viral resistance was detected at NS5A positions 28, 30, and 31. The limited global availability of pangenotypic DAA regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed.

Published
2024
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43. Role of backwater effects on the attenuation of metal spreading in rivers: A study in the Paraopeba River after the B1 tailings dam collapse in Brumadinho

Author

Victor Hugo Sarrazin Lima, Fernando António Leal Pacheco, João Paulo Moura, Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra, Renato Farias do Valle Junior, Maytê Maria Abreu Pires de Melo Silva, Carlos Alberto Valera, Marília Carvalho de Melo, and Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes

Subjects
Tailings dam rupture, River contamination by metals, Weir, Backwater effect, RiverFlow2D model, Dredging, Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

The B1 tailings dam of Córrego do Feijão iron-ore mine of Vale SA, located in the Ferro-Carvão stream watershed (Brumadinho municipality, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), collapsed in 25 January 2019. This accident had unprecedent water resources management impacts in the Paraopeba River basin, the parent of Ferro-Carvão stream, marked by the suspension of drinking water supply to the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, which was decided after the huge rise of turbidity and metal concentrations in the aquatic environment, mostly iron and manganese. The water authorities keep the use of Paraopeba River downstream of B1 dam site prohibited today, and entailed a number of studies to understand and predict the evolution of metal spreading before envisaging any suspension lift. One of those studies is presented now and had the purpose to assess the role of a weir located in the Paraopeba River and 40 km downstream from the Ferro-Carvão stream outlet, in the attenuation of iron and manganese fluxes. The weir is called Igarapé and the modeling of dissolved iron and manganese using the RiverFlow 2D software revealed a 33.5-fold attenuation of iron fluxes per unit length, from 3062.0 g/yr. km upstream the weir to 91.4 g/yr. km downstream, under stream flows typical of 10-year return periods. The attenuation was related with backwater effects that reduced flow velocities in the inundated stream banks during flood events, which induced the precipitation of iron-bearing sand particles. The attenuation was not visible for manganese because the element is preferably included in silt and clay particles that were not affected by the backwater effects because of their small sizes (and hence weights). Our results corroborate previous outcomes that highlighted the capacity of Igarapé weir to retain the B1 dam tailings, decelerating their propagation downstream, and opened a time window to remove the large volume still deposited over the river bed through dredging. The monitoring and eventual treatment of the stream banks is also paramount because the backwater effects seem to be related with flooding.

Published
2024
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44. Groundwater flow and transport of metals under deposits of mine tailings: A case study in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Author

Victor Hugo Sarrazin Lima, João Paulo Moura, Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra, Renato Farias do Valle Junior, Maytê Maria Abreu Pires de Melo Silva, Carlos Alberto Valera, Marília Carvalho De Melo, Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes, Adriana Monteiro Da Costa, and Fernando António Leal Pacheco

Subjects
Groundwater, Legal concentration limits, Itabirite, Mining waste piles, MODFLOW, B1 dam collapse, Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

The deposits of mine tailings can be a source of groundwater contamination by metals. In this study, we simulated the concentrations of iron, manganese and aluminum in groundwater potentially affected by drainage from tailings deposits located in Brumadinho (Brazil). The aim was to verify whether the concentrations observed in the region can be attributed to these drainages. The simulation used the FREEWAT graphical interface, which incorporates the MODFLOW model, the hydraulic properties of existing unconfined and confined aquifers, the spatial distribution of the tailings’ deposits, and the dissolved iron concentrations measured in drilled wells. The simulation period was 20 years, starting in 2019 after the collapse of B1 tailings dam of Córrego do Feijão mine of Vale, S.A. The modeling results revealed plumes of metal contamination progressively less dispersed over time, in the unconfined aquifer, and increased metal concentrations in the confined aquifer. The simulated concentrations in both aquifers were generally lower than the legal limits imposed for human consumption, although some areas in the vicinity of the deposits had iron and manganese concentrations higher than those limits, especially in the unconfined aquifer, and these areas widened over time. The most relevant result was the revelation that the contribution of tailings drainage to the iron concentrations observed in the drilled wells might have not exceeded 1%. This is important from a management standpoint, because monitoring of anthropogenic groundwater contamination in these cases (where rock weathering dominates groundwater chemistry) becomes more challenging.

Published
2024
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45. Sub-percent accuracy for the intensity of a near infrared water line at 10670 cm$^{-1}$: experiment and analysis

Author

Rubin, Tom M., Sarrazin, Marian, Zobov, Nikolai F., Tennyson, Jonathan, and Polyansky, Oleg L.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Laser measurements of the intensity of (201) 3$_{22}$ -- (000) 2$_{21}$ near-infrared water absorption line at 10670.1 \cm\ are made using three different Herriott cells. These measurements determine the line intensity with an standard deviation below of 0.3~\% by consideration of the new geometrically derived formula for the opt ical path length without approximations. This determination together with the current accepted value leads to an overall uncertainty of 0.7~\% of the experimentally assessed line intensity which is compared with previous {\it ab initio} predictions. It is found that steady improvements in the both the dipole moment surface (DMS) and potential energy surface (PES) used in the theoretical studies leads to systematic better agreement with the observation, with the most recent prediction agreeing closely with the experiment., Comment: Mol. Phys. (in press)

Published
2022
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46. Fluid chemistry alters faunal trophodynamics but not composition on the deep-sea Capelinhos hydrothermal edifice (Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Author

Joan M. Alfaro-Lucas, Daniel Martin, Loïc N. Michel, Agathe Laes, Cécile Cathalot, Sandra Fuchs, and Jozée Sarrazin

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The recently discovered deep-sea Capelinhos hydrothermal edifice, ~ 1.5 km of the main Lucky Strike (LS) vent field (northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge), contrasts with the other LS edifices in having poorly-altered end-member hydrothermal fluids with low pH and chlorine, and high metal concentrations. Capelinhos unique chemistry and location offer the opportunity to test the effects of local abiotic filters on faunal community structure while avoiding the often-correlated influence of dispersal limitation and depth. In this paper, we characterize for the first time the distribution patterns of the Capelinhos faunal communities, and analyze the benthic invertebrates (> 250 µm) inhabiting diffusive-flow areas and their trophic structures (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S). We hypothesized that faunal communities would differ from those of the nearest LS vent edifices, showing an impoverished species subset due to the potential toxicity of the chemical environment. Conversely, our results show that: (1) community distribution resembles that of other LS edifices, with assemblages visually dominated by shrimps (close to high-temperature focused-fluid areas) and mussels (at low-temperature diffuse flow areas); (2) most species from diffuse flow areas are well-known LS inhabitants, including the bed-forming and chemosymbiotic mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and (3) communities are as diverse as those of the most diverse LS edifices. On the contrary, stable isotopes suggest different trophodynamics at Capelinhos. The high δ15N and, especially, δ13C and δ34S values suggest an important role of methane oxidation (i.e., methanotrophy), rather than the sulfide oxidation (i.e., thiotrophy) that predominates at most LS edifices. Our results indicate that Capelinhos shows unique environmental conditions, trophic structure and trophodynamics, yet similar fauna, compared to other LS edifices, which suggest a great environmental and trophic plasticity of the vent faunal communities at the LS.

Published
2024
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47. Erratum to: Search for exclusive Higgs and Z boson decays to ϕγ and ργ with the ATLAS detector

Author

The ATLAS collaboration, M. Aaboud, G. Aad, B. Abbott, O. Abdinov, B. Abeloos, S. H. Abidi, O. S. AbouZeid, N. L. Abraham, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, R. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B. S. Acharya, S. Adachi, L. Adamczyk, J. Adelman, M. Adersberger, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Y. Afik, T. Agatonovic-Jovin, C. Agheorghiesei, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahmadov, G. Aielli, S. Akatsuka, H. Akerstedt, T. P. A. Åkesson, E. Akilli, A. V. Akimov, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, P. Albicocco, M. J. Alconada Verzini, S. C. Alderweireldt, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, S. P. Alkire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, B. W. Allen, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, A. A. Alshehri, M. I. Alstaty, B. Alvarez Gonzalez, D. Álvarez Piqueras, M. G. Alviggi, B. T. Amadio, Y. Amaral Coutinho, C. Amelung, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, S. Amoroso, G. Amundsen, C. Anastopoulos, L. S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, J. K. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, S. Angelidakis, I. Angelozzi, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. Antonelli, A. Antonov, D. J. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, L. Aperio Bella, G. Arabidze, Y. Arai, J. P. Araque, V. Araujo Ferraz, A. T. H. Arce, R. E. Ardell, F. A. Arduh, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, M. Arik, A. J. Armbruster, L. J. Armitage, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, M. Arratia, O. Arslan, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, S. Artz, S. Asai, N. Asbah, A. Ashkenazi, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, M. Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, K. Augsten, G. Avolio, B. Axen, M. K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, A. E. Baas, M. J. Baca, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, M. Backes, P. Bagnaia, M. Bahmani, H. Bahrasemani, J. T. Baines, M. Bajic, O. K. Baker, P. J. Bakker, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, F. Balli, W. K. Balunas, E. Banas, A. Bandyopadhyay, Sw. Banerjee, A. A. E. Bannoura, L. Barak, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, T. Barillari, M.-S. Barisits, J. T. Barkeloo, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, S. L. Barnes, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, Z. Barnovska-Blenessy, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Bassalat, R. L. Bates, S. J. Batista, J. R. Batley, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, F. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, J. B. Beacham, M. D. Beattie, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, H. C. Beck, K. Becker, M. Becker, C. Becot, A. J. Beddall, A. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, M. Bedognetti, C. P. Bee, T. A. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, J. K. Behr, A. S. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, M. Bellomo, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, N. L. Belyaev, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, M. Bender, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, E. Benhar Noccioli, J. Benitez, D. P. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, S. Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, L. J. Bergsten, J. Beringer, S. Berlendis, N. R. Bernard, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F. U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, C. Bertella, G. Bertoli, I. A. Bertram, C. Bertsche, G. J. Besjes, O. Bessidskaia Bylund, M. Bessner, N. Besson, A. Bethani, S. Bethke, A. Betti, A. J. Bevan, J. Beyer, R. M. Bianchi, O. Biebel, D. Biedermann, R. Bielski, K. Bierwagen, N. V. Biesuz, M. Biglietti, T. R. V. Billoud, H. Bilokon, M. Bindi, A. Bingul, C. Bini, S. Biondi, T. Bisanz, C. Bittrich, D. M. Bjergaard, J. E. Black, K. M. Black, R. E. Blair, T. Blazek, I. Bloch, C. Blocker, A. Blue, U. Blumenschein, Dr. Blunier, G. J. Bobbink, V. S. Bobrovnikov, S. S. Bocchetta, A. Bocci, C. Bock, M. Boehler, D. Boerner, D. Bogavac, A. G. Bogdanchikov, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bold, A. S. Boldyrev, A. E. Bolz, M. Bomben, M. Bona, M. Boonekamp, A. Borisov, G. Borissov, J. Bortfeldt, D. Bortoletto, V. Bortolotto, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J. D. Bossio Sola, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, D. Boumediene, C. Bourdarios, S. K. Boutle, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, I. R. Boyko, A. J. Bozson, J. Bracinik, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, F. Braren, U. Bratzler, B. Brau, J. E. Brau, W. D. Breaden Madden, K. Brendlinger, A. J. Brennan, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, D. L. Briglin, T. M. Bristow, D. Britton, D. Britzger, F. M. Brochu, I. Brock, R. Brock, G. Brooijmans, T. Brooks, W. K. Brooks, J. Brosamer, E. Brost, J. H. Broughton, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, D. Bruncko, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, L. S. Bruni, S. Bruno, B. H. Brunt, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, P. Bryant, L. Bryngemark, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, P. Buchholz, A. G. Buckley, I. A. Budagov, F. Buehrer, M. K. Bugge, O. Bulekov, D. Bullock, T. J. Burch, S. Burdin, C. D. Burgard, A. M. Burger, B. Burghgrave, K. Burka, S. Burke, I. Burmeister, J. T. P. Burr, D. Büscher, V. Büscher, P. Bussey, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, P. Butti, W. Buttinger, A. Buzatu, A. R. Buzykaev, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, H. Cai, V. M. Cairo, O. Cakir, N. Calace, P. Calafiura, A. Calandri, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, G. Callea, L. P. Caloba, S. Calvente Lopez, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, T. P. Calvet, R. Camacho Toro, S. Camarda, P. Camarri, D. Cameron, R. Caminal Armadans, C. Camincher, S. Campana, M. Campanelli, A. Camplani, A. Campoverde, V. Canale, M. Cano Bret, J. Cantero, T. Cao, M. D. M. Capeans Garrido, I. Caprini, M. Caprini, M. Capua, R. M. Carbone, R. Cardarelli, F. Cardillo, I. Carli, T. Carli, G. Carlino, B. T. Carlson, L. Carminati, R. M. D. Carney, S. Caron, E. Carquin, S. Carrá, G. D. Carrillo-Montoya, D. Casadei, M. P. Casado, A. F. Casha, M. Casolino, D. W. Casper, R. Castelijn, V. Castillo Gimenez, N. F. Castro, A. Catinaccio, J. R. Catmore, A. Cattai, J. Caudron, V. Cavaliere, E. Cavallaro, D. Cavalli, M. Cavalli-Sforza, V. Cavasinni, E. Celebi, F. Ceradini, L. Cerda Alberich, A. S. Cerqueira, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, F. Cerutti, A. Cervelli, S. A. Cetin, A. Chafaq, D. Chakraborty, S. K. Chan, W. S. Chan, Y. L. Chan, P. Chang, J. D. Chapman, D. G. Charlton, C. C. Chau, C. A. Chavez Barajas, S. Che, S. Cheatham, A. Chegwidden, S. Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, G. A. Chelkov, M. A. Chelstowska, C. Chen, H. Chen, J. Chen, S. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, H. C. Cheng, H. J. Cheng, A. Cheplakov, E. Cheremushkina, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, E. Cheu, K. Cheung, L. Chevalier, V. Chiarella, G. Chiarelli, G. Chiodini, A. S. Chisholm, A. Chitan, Y. H. Chiu, M. V. Chizhov, K. Choi, A. R. Chomont, S. Chouridou, Y. S. Chow, V. Christodoulou, M. C. Chu, J. Chudoba, A. J. Chuinard, J. J. Chwastowski, L. Chytka, A. K. Ciftci, D. Cinca, V. Cindro, I. A. Cioară, A. Ciocio, F. Cirotto, Z. H. Citron, M. Citterio, M. Ciubancan, A. Clark, B. L. Clark, M. R. Clark, P. J. Clark, R. N. Clarke, C. Clement, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, J. Cochran, L. Colasurdo, B. Cole, A. P. Colijn, J. Collot, T. Colombo, P. Conde Muiño, E. Coniavitis, S. H. Connell, I. A. Connelly, S. Constantinescu, G. Conti, F. Conventi, M. Cooke, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, F. Cormier, K. J. R. Cormier, M. Corradi, F. 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Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Yan, H. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, W-M. Yao, Y. C. Yap, Y. Yasu, E. Yatsenko, K. H. Yau Wong, J. Ye, S. Ye, I. Yeletskikh, E. Yigitbasi, E. Yildirim, K. Yorita, K. Yoshihara, C. Young, C. J. S. Young, J. Yu, S. P. Y. Yuen, I. Yusuff, B. Zabinski, G. Zacharis, R. Zaidan, A. M. Zaitsev, N. Zakharchuk, J. Zalieckas, A. Zaman, S. Zambito, D. Zanzi, C. Zeitnitz, G. Zemaityte, A. Zemla, J. C. Zeng, Q. Zeng, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, D. Zerwas, D. Zhang, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, P. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zhou, C. Zhou, L. Zhou, M. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, A. Zibell, D. Zieminska, N. I. Zimine, C. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, Z. Zinonos, M. Zinser, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, G. Zobernig, A. Zoccoli, R. Zou, M. zur Nedden, and L. Zwalinski

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2023
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48. Impaired mitophagy in Sanfilippo a mice causes hypertriglyceridemia and brown adipose tissue activation

Author

Tillo, Miguel, Lamanna, William C, Dwyer, Chrissa A, Sandoval, Daniel R, Pessentheiner, Ariane R, Al-Azzam, Norah, Sarrazin, Stéphane, Gonzales, Jon C, Kan, Shih-Hsin, Andreyev, Alexander Y, Schultheis, Nicholas, Thacker, Bryan E, Glass, Charles A, Dickson, Patricia I, Wang, Raymond Y, Selleck, Scott B, Esko, Jeffrey D, and Gordts, Philip LSM

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), Obesity, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Nutrition, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Animals, Cachexia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Mice, Mitophagy, Mucopolysaccharidosis III, Triolein, autophagy, dyslipidemia, hyperthermia, mitochondria, mucopolysaccharidoses, sulfamidase, Chemical Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Chemical sciences
Abstract

Lysosomal storage diseases result in various developmental and physiological complications, including cachexia. To study the causes for the negative energy balance associated with cachexia, we assessed the impact of sulfamidase deficiency and heparan sulfate storage on energy homeostasis and metabolism in a mouse model of type IIIa mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIa, Sanfilippo A syndrome). At 12-weeks of age, MPS IIIa mice exhibited fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia compared with wildtype mice, with a reduction of white and brown adipose tissues. Partitioning of dietary [3H]triolein showed a marked increase in intestinal uptake and secretion, whereas hepatic production and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins did not differ from wildtype controls. Uptake of dietary triolein was also elevated in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and notable increases in beige adipose tissue occurred, resulting in hyperthermia, hyperphagia, hyperdipsia, and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, fasted MPS IIIa mice remained hyperthermic when subjected to low temperature but became cachexic and profoundly hypothermic when treated with a lipolytic inhibitor. We demonstrated that the reliance on increased lipid fueling of BAT was driven by a reduced ability to generate energy from stored lipids within the depot. These alterations arose from impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, resulting in increased mitochondria content in beige and BAT. Finally, we show that increased mitochondria content in BAT and postprandial dyslipidemia was partially reversed upon 5-week treatment with recombinant sulfamidase. We hypothesize that increased BAT activity and persistent increases in energy demand in MPS IIIa mice contribute to the negative energy balance observed in patients with MPS IIIa.

Published
2022

49. Predicting Changes in Physical Education Teachers' Behaviors Promoting Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using an Integrated Motivational Model

Author

Maltagliati, Silvio, Carraro, Attilio, Escriva-Boulley, Géraldine, Bertollo, Maurizio, Tessier, Damien, Colangelo, Alessandra, Papaioannou, Athanasios, di Fronso, Selenia, Cheval, Boris, Gobbi, Erica, and Sarrazin, Philippe

Abstract

Purpose: To identify motivational determinants explaining Physical Education teachers' behaviors promoting students' physical activity (PA) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Nine hundred thirty-one Italian and French teachers completed a questionnaire assessing motivational determinants (self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, perceived ease and usefulness toward digital technologies, engagement at work), their intention and behaviors promoting PA, in reference to before and during the pandemic. Path analyses tested the associations of changes in motivational determinants with changes in intention and behaviors. Results: Increases in autonomous, controlled motivation, self-efficacy, and perceived usefulness toward digital technologies, and a decrease in amotivation were associated with an increase in the intention to promote PA. In turn, an increase in intention, but also in self-efficacy, autonomous motivation, and perceived usefulness toward digital technologies were paired with an increase in behaviors promoting PA. Conclusion: Implications regarding the commitment of Physical Education teachers to challenging pedagogical situations, such as promoting PA amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, are discussed.

Published
2023
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50. Searching for Hidden Neutrons with a Reactor Neutrino Experiment: Constraints from the STEREO Experiment

Author

Almazán, H., Bernard, L., Blanchet, A., Bonhomme, A., Buck, C., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Atmani, I. El, Labit, L., Lamblin, J., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Licciardi, M., Lindner, M., Materna, T., Méplan, O., Pessard, H., Pignol, G., Réal, J. -S., Ricol, J. -S., Roca, C., Rogly, R., Salagnac, T., Sarrazin, M., Savu, V., Schoppmann, S., Soldner, T., Stutz, A., and Vialat, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Different extensions of the standard model of particle physics, such as braneworld or mirror matter models, predict the existence of a neutron sterile state, possibly as a dark matter candidate. This Letter reports a new experimental constraint on the probability $p$ for neutron conversion into a hidden neutron, set by the STEREO experiment at the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin. The limit is $p<3.1\times 10^{-11}$ at $95 \%$ C.L. improving the previous limit by a factor 13. This result demonstrates that short-baseline neutrino experiments can be used as competitive passing-through-walls neutron experiments to search for hidden neutrons., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2021
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