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3. Transformations in Rural Farming Communities: Ox-Plows, Mixed Farming Centers and Agricultural Production in The Gambia, c. 1960s-1970s

Author

Sarr, Omar

Subjects
African History, Agriculture, Animal Diseases, Gender, Technology, Agriculture, Drought, Rural, Pests, Disease, Rainfall, Landscape, Gender, Blacksmiths, the Gambia, Draft Animals, Ox-Plows, Mixed Farming Centers
Abstract

After the Second World War, Green Revolution techniques were introduced in West Africa to improve agricultural production and reduce poverty. Unlike in Asia and Latin American countries, the techniques in West Africa proved unsuccessful largely because of environmental and political hindrances. In recent years, few West African historians have shown interest in the region’s agricultural history, especially during the early post-colonial period. The existing scholarship ignores the several agricultural programs introduced by, for instance, the Gambian government, whose aim was to enhance crop production and boost agricultural exports. Several agricultural schemes were introduced in the Gambia, but these projects appear to have exacerbated rural challenges, including gender inequality and landscape changes. Devastating droughts were also a common occurrence that worsened the situation. Disease outbreaks also devastated the livestock industry. To date, no study has examined why the ox-plows and Mixed Farming Centers of the 1960s and 1970s introduced in rural farming communities failed to yield the desired results. My project intends to investigate the impact of some of these projects, and the reasons for their failure. It also examines how environmental and climatic factors during this period contributed to the disruption of Gambian farming communities.

Published
2024

7. Economics of poverty, environment and natural resource use

Author

Sarr, Omar, Boncoeur, Jean, Travers, Muriel, Cormier-Salem, Marie-Christine, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoines locaux et stratégies (PALOS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dellink, Rob B., Ruijs, Arjan, Dellink, R.B. (ed.), and Ruijs, A. (ed.)

Subjects
Economics, GESTION DES PECHES, RECONSTITUTION DE LA BIOMASSE, ECONOMETRIE, CRISE AGRICOLE, PECHEUR, Environment, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, PRESSION DEMOGRAPHIQUE, EFFORT DE PECHE, CAPTURE, ETUDE DE CAS, ECOUTOURISME, Natural, SUREXPLOITATION, MODELE DE DEVELOPPEMENT, PECHE ARTISANALE, Poverty
Abstract

This paper analyses the possible economic consequences of the development of ecotourism on fishing communities of poor countries from two complementary points of view: an empirical survey of a case study, and a bioeconomic model. It is divided into three parts. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the case of the Saloum delta, Senegal, an area where demographic pressure and an agriculture crisis have led to a sharp increase in fishing effort resulting in overfishing, and where attempts have been made to provide alternative income to the local population through ecotourism. The second part of the paper presents a two-sector bioeconomic model, where the link between artisanal fishing and ecotourism relies on their common use of the same natural resource. According to this model, developing ecotourism may help to overcome the dilemma between the need for long-term resource conservation and the immediate necessity to provide jobs and income to the local population. However, due to the negative externality exerted by fishing on ecotourism, the model suggests that this development is likely to be non-optimal if it is left to the initiative of market forces. The last section of the paper discusses the practical significance of these conclusions, with reference to the Saloum delta case. It underlines the major limits of the model, including the assumed non-extractive character of ecotourism, and its lack of spatial dimension. Keywords: ecotourism; fisheries management; Saloum delta

Published
2008

10. L’approche par compétences et l’intégration des programmes verticaux dans la formation en santé

Author

Séminaire Be-cause health, le Network for Education and Support in Immunization (NESI) et ARE@ Santé (Direction Générale de la Coopération au Développement, Bruxelles, Belgique), Parent, Florence, De Ketele, Jean-Marie, Garant, Michèle, Lemenu, Dominique, Lejeune, Colette, Kahombo, G, Baulana, Roger, Ndiaye, Magette, Sarr, Omar, Séminaire Be-cause health, le Network for Education and Support in Immunization (NESI) et ARE@ Santé (Direction Générale de la Coopération au Développement, Bruxelles, Belgique), Parent, Florence, De Ketele, Jean-Marie, Garant, Michèle, Lemenu, Dominique, Lejeune, Colette, Kahombo, G, Baulana, Roger, Ndiaye, Magette, and Sarr, Omar

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Published
2006

12. Can Ecotourism Be An Alternative To Traditional Fishing?

Author

Bogers, R.J., Dellink, Rob B., Ruijs, Arjan, Sarr, Omar, Boncoeur, Jean, Travers, Muriel, and Cormier-Salem, Marie-Christine

Abstract

This paper analyses the possible economic consequences of the development of ecotourism on fishing communities of poor countries from two complementary points of view: an empirical survey of a case study, and a bioeconomic model. It is divided into three parts. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the case of the Saloum delta, Senegal, an area where demographic pressure and an agriculture crisis have led to a sharp increase in fishing effort resulting in overfishing, and where attempts have been made to provide alternative income to the local population through ecotourism. The second part of the paper presents a two-sector bioeconomic model, where the link between artisanal fishing and ecotourism relies on their common use of the same natural resource. According to this model, developing ecotourism may help to overcome the dilemma between the need for long-term resource conservation and the immediate necessity to provide jobs and income to the local population. However, due to the negative externality exerted by fishing on ecotourism, the model suggests that this development is likely to be non-optimal if it is left to the initiative of market forces. The last section of the paper discusses the practical significance of these conclusions, with reference to the Saloum delta case. It underlines the major limits of the model, including the assumed non-extractive character of ecotourism, and its lack of spatial dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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