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Introduction: Methicillin-Resitant Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of increased morbidity and mortality in debilitated and immunocompromised indoor patients. Aim: The aim of our study was to see the prevalence of Methicillin -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in dermatology indoor patients by phenotypic method and elucidate its predisposing factors and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study which included all dermatology indoor patients with primary and secondary bacterial infection. Results: The study enrolled 110 indoor patients with 57 males and 53 females. The mean age of the study was 39.23 years ranging between 2-90 years. Vesicobullous disorders were the commonest dermatoses with secondary infection. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity being present in 18 patients. S. aureus was the commonest bacterial isolate grown in culture in 66 patients, accounting for 60% of the total isolate. MRSA isolates accounted for 24.55% (27) of the total isolates. Majority of the MRSA patients (n=23, 85.19%) were having HAMRSA, while only 4 MRSA patients (n=4, 14.81%) were having CAMRSA. All MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, while all the MRSA isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA in our study was high. A high percentage of both MSSA and MRSA isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, which is a cheaper, effective and widely available antibiotic.

Introduction: Melanosis affecting face and neck occur from a myriad of conditions. The similar overlapping clinical, histological and dermoscopic features posses an intricate diagnostic problem for the clinician. Attempts to classify them have been partially successful. Methods: This was a prospective hospital based study conducted in a tertiary hospital over a period of one year involving 120 patients of facial melanosis. Relevant investigations including skin biopsy and patch testing were done wherever required. Results: Study sample ranged from nine to 60 years with maximum number of patients in 21-40 years of age. Females predominated in the study. Most common diagnosis was melasma followed by pigmented contact dermatitis, periorbital melanosis, lichen planus pigmentosus, erythema dyschromicum perstans, poikiloderma of civatte and eythromelanosis follicularis. Conclusion: There was considerable clinical, histological overlap between these clinical entities. UV exposure in melasma and lichen planus pigmentosus, exposure to allergens in pigmented contact dermatitis were the main etiological factors implicated. Key words: facial melanosis, melasma, pigmented contact dermatitis, lichen planus pigmentosus.

Introduction:Methicillin-Resitant Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of increased morbidity and mortality in debilitated and immunocompromised indoor patients. Aim:The aim of our study was to see the prevalence of Methicillin -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in dermatology indoor patients by phenotypic method and elucidate its predisposing factors and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods:This was a hospital based prospective study which included all dermatology indoor patients with primary and secondary bacterial infection. Results:The study enrolled 110 indoor patients with 57 males and 53 females. The mean age of the study was 39.23 years ranging between 2-90 years. Vesicobullous disorders were the commonest dermatoses with secondary infection. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity being present in 18 patients. S. aureus was the commonest bacterial isolate grown in culture in 66 patients, accounting for 60% of the total isolate. MRSA isolates accounted for 24.55% (27) of the total isolates. Majority of the MRSA patients (n=23, 85.19%) were having HAMRSA, while only 4 MRSA patients (n=4, 14.81%) were having CAMRSA. All MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, while all the MRSA isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacillin. Conclusion:The prevalence of MRSA in our study was high. A high percentage of both MSSA and MRSA isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, which is a cheaper, effective and widely available antibiotic. &nbsp

Introduction:Melanosis affecting face and neck occur from a myriad of conditions. The similar overlapping clinical, histological and dermoscopic features posses an intricate diagnostic problem for the clinician. Attempts to classify them have been partially successful. Methods:This was a prospective hospital based study conducted in a tertiary hospital over a period of one year involving 120 patients of facial melanosis. Relevant investigations including skin biopsy and patch testing were done wherever required. Results:Study sample ranged from nine to 60 years with maximum number of patients in 21-40 years of age. Females predominated in the study. Most common diagnosis was melasma followed by pigmented contact dermatitis, periorbital melanosis, lichen planus pigmentosus, erythema dyschromicum perstans, poikiloderma of civatte and eythromelanosis follicularis. Conclusion:There was considerable clinical, histological overlap between these clinical entities. UV exposure in melasma and lichen planus pigmentosus, exposure to allergens in pigmented contact dermatitis were the main etiological factors implicated. Key words: facial melanosis, melasma, pigmented contact dermatitis, lichen planus pigmentosus. &nbsp

Purpose Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) refractory to pharmacotherapy requires surgical interventions which vary from percutaneous procedure to microvascular decompression (MVD). The aim of the systematic review is to find evidence for the surgical treatment for TN with high success rate and low complications which improves the quality-of-life (QOL). Methods A systematic literature search was made on published studies from MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Science direct, and Cochrane Library databases that report the available surgical treatment for TN up to March 2020 and studies referred in the selected papers. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The primary outcome measured was success rate, pain relief and secondary outcome measured was QOL, recurrence and complication rate. Results Ten studies with a sum of 11,154 individuals were included in this qualitative analysis. Seven studies compared MVD whereas 4 studies compared Gamma knife radiosurgery with other techniques like percutaneous balloon compression, percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy etc. The result showed that MVD has a considerable higher rate of initial pain-free outcomes (96.6%) followed by Gamma knife radiosurgery (96.2%), cryotherapy (95.4%), percutaneous balloon compression (87%), percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy (85%) and the lowest rate of cohorts who were never pain-free (1.7%).QOL was improved to 100% as a result of pain relief which was evaluated in only 2 studies . Overall the recurrence rate was 0.45 to 52%. MVD has lower rate of long-term recurrence 0.45 and 6.1% for 2 years and 8 years, respectively, and cryotherapy has the highest rate of 52% at 6 months. Conclusion Outcomes of the literature search showed that it lacks the knowledge to generally support 1 or the other treatment. Each type of TN requires individualized protocols to treat based on pain response which ultimately improve the QOL. We also propose there should be more reliable data reporting by using a universally acceptable pain scale for better analysis of treatment outcome.

In the Indian Constitution, women have been given the right to equality of opportunities, but these rights are not reaching women. At present, the area of industrialization is increasing in rural areas and industries have knocked outside the villages. In such a situation, new means of employment have opened up for the women of rural areas, but along with this the means of their exploitation have also opened up. Economic exploitation of women takes place due to cheap labour, unorganized labour. Rural women have already played a role in the economic sector. Apart from farming and animal husbandry, it used to do Gajdoori but its role was never recognized but now due to industrialization its role is being recognized. &nbsp

by Nilanjan Roy, Saroj Kumari, Ritobroto Sikdar, Anjali Sharma, Harshit, Sivaprasad Ghanta, Sudhanshu Sharma, Parag. A. Despande and Partha Pratim Jana

Aggressive or Desmoid fibromatosis (AF) is a benign fibrous soft tissue tumor that consists of dense masses of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with marked collagen production. The lesions are considered to be aggressive and non-metastasizing but invade locally and recur frequently after surgical excision. Although the head and neck are not an unusual site of involvement, very few cases of fibromatosis of the cheek are reported till date. We report a case of fibromatosis of cheek in an adult female that was managed successfully by surgical intervention and to discuss the review of literature on this subject.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a probably fastest growing endocrinological disorder in females of reproductive age. In PCOS, follicular growth is influenced by hormonal imbalance during the ovarian cycle, leads to affected follicles remain in the ovary. The prevalence of PCOS is estimated 6-10% globally and 3.7% - 22.5% in Indian female population, which is relatively high. It is characterised by hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polycystic ovaries which clinically manifests in the terms of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, infertility etc. In present scenario, incidence of this disease increasing exponentially due to sedentary lifestyle and faulty dietary habits. This particular disease is not described word to word in Ayurveda. Associated features of PCOS are closely resembling with Bandhya Yonivyapada, Artavavahasrotasa-Vidhha Lakshana, Nastartava and Ksheenaartava described by Acharya Sushruta and Pushpghani Jatharini and Vikuta Jatharini mentioned by Acharya Kashyap. Maximum congruence of PCOS can be established with Bandhya Yonivyapada. The purpose of this study is to understand Nastartava which is the cardinal feature of Bandhya. Word Artava has been used exclusively in Samhita in context of menstrual blood, ovum and ovarian hormones. Therefore Amenorrhea, anovulation, hormonal dysfunction is considered exposed manifestations of Nastartava. Possible line of treatment is stipulated with Nidanaparivarjan, herbal drugs and Panchakarma procedures. Keywords- Ayurveda, Artava, Nastartava, PCOS, Herbal drugs, Panchakarma

Purpose To compare and evaluate pain and healing following orthodontic tooth extraction using Low Level Laser Therapy [LLLT] and Cryotherapy. Materials and methods 62 patients referred for orthodontic extraction of bilateral bicuspids were included. Subjects were alternatively divided into two groups with 31 patients each. One of the bilateral extraction sites was subjected to either intervention, LLLT or Cryotherapy, while the other site was kept as control. Pain was assessed for 7 consecutive days by Visual Analogue Scale and Wound healing on 4th, 7th and 14th days using a modified wound healing scale. Results Pain scores were generally better for Group I [LLLT] when compared to Group II [Cryotherapy] on all days. The highest mean score for pain observed on the 1st post-extraction day was 4.00 ± 0.93 and 4.16 ± 0.93 for Group I and Group II respectively [p = 0.42]. It was also observed that LLLT helped in better wound healing as compared to cryotherapy with a significant difference in wound healing on 7th [mean score for Group I and Group II- 1.16 ± 0.52 and 1.6 ± 0.62 respectively: p = 0.01] and 14th [mean score Group I and Group II- 0.23 ± 0.43 and 1.0 ± 0.58 respectively: p = 0.00] post-extraction days. Conclusion LLLT has better analgesic and wound healing properties as compared to Cryotherapy, suggesting that LLLT should be preferred over cryotherapy whenever possible.

Background: Adequate tillage checks and delays the emergence of weeds and provides a more favourable environment for early crop establishment. Slow growth of crop plant provides favourable environment for emergence of weeds. Cultural as well as mechanical practices such as hand weeding and intercultural are effective but unavailability of labour and continuous rainfall in rainy season does not permit for timely management of weeds Chemical weed control is effective weed management option which provides effective control of weeds. It is well known that weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in cropped area particularly in rainy season crops like clusterbean act as major limiting factor in achieving high potential yield. The current study aimed to study the impact of crop establishment methods and weed control practices on productivity and profitability of clusterbean. Methods: A field experiment was carried out to find out suitable method of crop establishment methods and weed management practices in clusterbean during kharif seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot design with three replications. The treatments were four crop establishment methods viz., conventional sowing, zero tillage sowing, broad bed sowing, zero tillage sowing with mulch as main plots and four weed control practices viz., weedy check, pendimethalin+imazethapyr 1000 g ha-1, T3- Imazethapyr 40 g ha-1, T4-Imazethapyr+imazamox 40 g ha-1 as sub plot treatments . Result: The broad bed sowing of clusterbean along with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin+ imazethapyr 1000 g ha-1 was found effective to achieve higher productivity and farm profitability.

Introduction: With advanced MRI techniques such as perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy, it is now possible to differentiate between various intracranial lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients referred by various clinical departments with clinical suspicion of intracranial space occupying lesions, evaluated by computed tomography & magnetic resonance imaging. Result: Solitary lesions were present in 35 patients (70%) & multiple lesions in 15 patients (30%). 68.00% lesions were Supratentorial & 32.00% infratentorial in location. Most common supratentorial location in adults was frontal lobe 40% followed by parietal lobe 30%. Most common supratentorial locations in children were frontal lobe. Infratentorially, cerebellum & posterior fossa were found to be most common location in adults & children respectively. Supratentorial lesions were most common both in adults & children. 60% lesions were intraaxial & 40 % extra axial in location. In adults, intraaxial lesions were more common than in children. Conclusion: Intracranial space occupying lesions comprise of a diverse group of lesions. With the introduction of CT & MRI scanning, imaging of lesions has acquired a new dimension whereby excellent anatomical detail in axial, sagittal & coronal planes as well as lesion characterization has become possible. Key words: Brain, CT, MRIs

Mature cystic teratoma of ovarian origin in postmenopausal female is an unusual differentiation. It is usually a straight forward diagnosis on imaging due to its fat and calcified contents. Here we present how a malignant transformation in mature cystic teratoma causing fistulous communication with bowel loops makes the diagnosis difficult even after using almost all the imaging modalities in the patient's workup and subsequently how it was managed surgically.

In this study, we are trying to find out viral aetiology in paediatric age group patients from 1 month to 15 years of age in Western Rajasthan region.A total of 105 patients from 1 month to 15 years were recruited into this study. CSF samples were collected and were processed by multiplex real-time PCR for detection of various predefined panels of viral agents. ELISA was also done for all samples for detection of dengue, JE, measles and mumps.A total of 32 samples out of 105 were tested positive for viral agents. Viral aetiology detected in this study were Adenovirus (n ​= ​2), EBV (n ​= ​1), HHV-1 (n ​= ​10), HHV-6 (N ​= ​5), Parechovirus (n ​= ​1), Parvovirus B19 (n ​= ​7), Dengue (n ​= ​2) and Measles (n ​= ​1). Mixed infections were also detected, HHV-1 and HHV-6 (n ​= ​2), HHV-1 and Parvovirus B19 (n ​= ​1). In 73 patients no viral aetiology could be detected.Parvovirus B19 is sporadically prevalent in this geographical region. In this study, HHV-6 was also found which has not been reported earlier from India.

Porous carbon materials have initiated a fast evolution in recent years because of their broad applications in various fields. However, the major challenge remains is control porosity, foaming agents, processing materials and good thermal and mechanical properties. In the present investigation, graphite foams with varying porosities (50–70%) were prepared using coal tar pitch derived semi coke as a carbon matrix and ammonium bicarbonate as a space holder, followed by carbonization and graphitization. The graphite foams were characterized in terms of structural, morphological, mechanical and thermal properties. The results reveal that graphite foams prepared trough space holder technique having excellent mechanical and thermal properties. The graphite foam is found to possess a thermal conductivity of 27.5 W/(m.K), compressive strength of 7.5 MPa, with a relative density (ρrd) of 0.41. The graphite foam is also found to be thermally stable and outperforming those metals, conductive polymers, and their composites. The newly developed graphite foams are promising for specific applications in aerospace electronic devices with excellent mechanical and heat dissipation characteristics, especially regarding extreme high temperatures.

Lightweight and high strength carbon-rGO composite foams were inventively fabricated by simple sacrificial template technique using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and phenolic resin as a carbon source. The carbon-rGO composite foams were fabricated by two different routes. In one case, rGO was incorporated in phenolic resin and carbon foam developed by several heat treatments. In the other case, graphene oxide (GO) was decorated over carbon foam and converted into rGO decorated carbon foam by heat treatment. The EMI shielding of carbon-rGO composite foams was measured in the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz) and mechanisms were systematically studied with respect to the rGO and porous structure. The EMI SE of carbon foams was increased from −23.2 to −50.7 dB by the decoration of 1.0 wt % rGO. The thermal conductivity achieves as high as 1.4 W/(m K) by incorporation of 4.0 wt % rGO in carbon foam. All the results indicated that this effort provided a novel, simple, low-cost concept for fabricating lightweight, high electrical and thermal conducting carbon-rGO composite foam for high-performance EMI shielding applications.

The search for lightweight, flexible, thermally stable and thermally conductive materials with good electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability remains the most serious prospect in recent years. Herein, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based multi-phase system is fabricated using hollow cenospheres (CS), mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with or without iron oxide via homogenization and vacuum assisted filtration technique. Resulting composite paper is stabilized to provide enough strength to the composite paper with thickness 0.18 mm and density 0.31–0.33 g/cm3 which can vary in accordance with cenospheres loading. Composite paper exhibits very high EMI SE value of −75.6 dB on 20 wt% cenospheres loading while a synergistic effect of dual dielectric (CS) and magnetic (iron oxide) materials in the composite paper, results in excellent EMI shielding value of −80.5 dB at a frequency of 10.3 GHz. Furthermore, the composite paper shows good thermal stability and enough thermal conductivity required for proper heat transfer management. Therefore, the development of multi-functional composite paper in one entity may get benefits of excellent EMI performance, good thermal stability and significant heat dissipation capability with the advantage of lightness and flexibility.

A kinetic investigation was carried out on the utilization of H2S for the synthesis of bis-(2-phenylethyl) sulfide (PES) using ionic liquid catalyst trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst. The method involved the absorption of H2S into aqueous N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) which is followed by reaction of this aqueous H2S-laden MDEA with organic reactant 2-bromoethylbenzene (2-BEB) to yield PES under liquid–liquid (L–L) phase transfer catalytic condition. The effect of various reaction parameters on the conversion of 2-BEB was studied and the product selectivity was found as 100%. A suitable reaction mechanism involving the possible paths of product formation was proposed. A novel mathematical model was developed to explain the experimental findings. This method will be helpful in overcoming the cost of disposal of organic solvents which have been used often in multiphase organic synthesis.

We designed this study to determine the efficiency and stability of anterior segmental osteotomies (ASO) without orthodontics for various dentofacial deformities. Records of patients treated with maxillary or mandibular ASO, or both, without orthodontics in the past 15 years were analysed. The assessment included postoperative analysis of patients' aesthetics and functional satisfaction using a questionnaire and grading (score 0 - 4) system, and the amount of relapse calculated from 12-month postoperative cephalograms. A total of 26 ASO subjects (age range 13- 31 years) were studied (14 maxillary, two mandibular, and 10 bimaxillary). Long-term stability was acceptable in all cases with no significant relapse (p>0.05). No major complications were encountered. All patients reported good to excellent (score=3 to 4) satisfaction following surgery. Using meticulous planning and a careful surgical technique, ASO without orthodontics is a simple, quick, safe, and stable option for the correction of dentofacial deformities.

Recently, the demand of the material manipulation with specific design is highly required for several strategic and societal applications such as in defence, nuclear, security, space, waste management, renewable energy generation and storage. To address these challenges, it is important to design the materials synergetically fit according to their demand in different applications. The impact of such materials is directly related to our daily life from health, wealth, energy and environment. In this direction, CSIR-NPL is designing new materials to indigenize the several new technologies such as luminescent security ink to curb against counterfeiting of passport, Indian currency note and protect secrete documents, carbon materials for fuel cell and battery applications, carbon composite fuel tubes for nuclear reactor applications, carbon fibre polymer composite to replace steel Ilizarov fixator for biomedical applications, lightweight carbon nanotubes polymer composites as EMI shielding materials etc. Moreover, in spite of this, CSIR-NPL is also developing the different technologies to manage the reuse of plastic, electronic, PV module and agriculture waste to ensure safeguard of environment and fully recycling of material for the societal applications. Hence, the central aim of CSIR-NPL is to design and develop the materials with metrological grade to convert into all laboratory research invention to innovation, which will directly help all industrial sectors to promote their quality products with world class infrastructure.

Carbon (graphitic) foam is a 3D porous, rigid and permeable material used for many applications due to its excellent electrical and thermal properties. In this study, coal tar pitch containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons has been used as precursor for preparation of carbon foam by sacrificial template method and graphitized carbon foam (GCF) was obtained by heat treatment at 2350 °C. The GCF was modified by growing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using chemical vapour deposition method and loaded with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO) using simple chemical method. Different GCF based modified samples were tested for electrochemical performance as electrocatalyst for splitting of water. The best performing electrocatalyst was GCF decorated with MWCNTs and CoO nanoparticles (GCF-CNT-Co) which showed the current density of ∼10 mA/cm2 at overpotential of ∼0.44 V/RHE which is comparable with the overpotential (0.33 V/RHE) for commercial benchmark Pt/C electrocatalyst. All coal tar pitch based GCF samples with different modifications showed excellent electrolytic stability for 5 h in 0.1 M KOH solution.

Lightweight carbon foam has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for providing excellent EMI shielding performance in the fields of aerospace and portable electronics. Here, multifunctional lightweight carbon composite foams were developed by the impregnation of phenolic resin and cenospheres (0–40 wt.%) into polyurethane (PU) foam substrate. Subsequenty, impregnated foams were converted into carbon-cenosphere composite foams via heat treatment at 1000 °C. The influence of cenosphere particles on the morphological, physical, mechanical electrical and thermal properties of carbon-cenosphere composite foams was studied in details. EMI shielding of carbon-cenosphere composite foam was measured in X-band frequency region (8.2–12.4 GHz) using waveguide method. The total shielding effectiveness (SE) of carbon foam was increased from −25.2 to −48.6 dB by the loading of 30 wt.% cenosphere. The thermal conductivity achieves as low as 0.02 W/(m.K), which is similar to aerogel.