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We present a sol-gel processed hematite-titania-based photoanode, which exhibits a photocurrent of up to 2.5 mA/cm 2 at 1.23 V RHE under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW/cm 2 ) thanks to the addition of an amorphous cocatalyst with the nominal composition Fe 20 Cr 40 Ni 40 O x . To unveil the role of the cocatalyst interconnected to the photoanode, we performed impedance measurements. According to the one order of magnitude higher value for the capacitance associated with surface states ( C SS ) compared to the bare photoanode, the function of the catalyst-photoanode interface resembles that of a p-n-like junction. In addition, the charge transfer resistance associated with charge transfer processes from surface states ( R ct,ss ) was unchanged at potentials between 0.8 and 1.1 V RHE after adding the cocatalyst, indicating that the catalyst has a negligible effect on the hole transport to the electrolyte. The understanding of the role of oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) in conjunction with the photoanodes is particularly important for water splitting because most OECs are studied separately at considerably higher potentials compared to the potentials at which photoanode materials are operated., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.

A 11-years old cyclosporin-treated girl with nephrotic syndrome, complicated by severe toxic diarrhoea with excessive metabolic alkalosis and dyselektrolitemia (hyponatremia, hypokaliemia, hypochloremia) and transient immunoglobulin deficiency is reported. Ultrasonography shows thickeness of the colonic wall as a symptom of colonic inflammation. After discontinuation of cyclosporin therapy, excluding infectious origin of diarrhoea (bacterial, viral and fungal infection), partial parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition (Peptisorb), probiotics and antidiarrhoeal drugs were used in the treatment. After introducing steroids orally (Entocort) complete resolution of symptoms were observed.