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The development of a successful bone grafting technology with cohesive and adhesive properties has been an elusive goal for dental and orthopedic researchers. Tetracalcium phosphate combined with phosphoserine (TTCP-PS) is a synthetic, injectable, cohesive, self-setting, mineral-organic wet-field adhesive. The objective of this study was to evaluate four formulations of TTCP-PS in comparison to the conventional grafting materials, Bioglass and deproteinized cancellous bovine bone with a bioresorbable collagen membrane in standardized defects created in the angle of the rat mandible. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry were utilized to evaluate bone replacement with each of these materials after in vivo residence of either 4 or 12 weeks. The results of this study demonstrate that specific TTCP-PS formulations can form bone comparable to conventional materials in an osteopromotive mechanism but with the advantage of having cohesive and adhesive properties.

Background: This scoping review and analysis were designed to assess the amount of time spent delivering photobiomodulation (PBM) light therapy after dental extraction to improve postoperative pain and wound healing., Types of Studies Reviewed: The scoping review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Publications were specific for human randomized controlled clinical trials, PBM after dental extraction therapy, and related clinical outcomes. Online databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Analyses were conducted to analyze the prescribed intervals of time (seconds) per application of PBM., Results: Of the 632 studies initially identified, 22 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Postoperative pain and PBM were reported in 20 articles for 24 treatment groups, with treatment times ranging from 17 through 900 seconds and wavelengths from 550 through 1,064 nm. Clinical wound healing outcomes were reported in 6 articles for 7 groups with treatment times ranging from 30 through 120 seconds and wavelengths from 660 through 808 nm. PBM therapy was not associated with adverse events., Conclusions and Practical Implications: There is future potential to integrate PBM after dental extraction therapy to improve postoperative pain and clinical wound healing. The amount of time spent delivering PBM will vary by wavelength and the type of device. Further investigation is needed to translate PBM therapy into human clinical care., (Copyright © 2023 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Treatment with non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) has been associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects in patients with cirrhosis. This study aims to analyze the impact of chronic NSBB treatment on immune activation and disease progression in stable outpatients with cirrhosis., Methods: In this prospective follow-up of 150 patients with cirrhosis, 39 received treatment with NSBB. Blood samples were taken every 6-9 months, and immune and adrenergic variables were measured. Mixed linear models were used to assess the effect of NSBB on these variables over time. Multivariate Cox regression was used to study associations with adverse clinical events (hepatocellular carcinoma, death, or liver transplant)., Results: Median follow-up was 1635 days. NSBB treatment was associated with significantly lower levels of IL-6 (β - 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.9, -2.6) throughout the study. During follow-up, 11 patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma, 32 died, and 4 underwent liver transplant. Patients with higher concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ developed more clinical events. Event-free survival was significantly better in patients treated with NSBB (hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.18, 0.71) in a multivariate Cox regression adjusted for Child-Pugh-Score, esophageal varices, and platelets., Conclusion: Chronic treatment with NSBB in patients with stable cirrhosis gives rise to a different state of immune activation, characterized by lower concentrations of IL-6 over time, and it is associated with a reduced risk of adverse event (death, hepatocellular carcinoma, or transplant), after controlling for disease severity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Port-related activities have a detrimental impact on the air quality both at the point of source and for considerable distances beyond. These activities include, but are not limited to, heavy cargo traffic, onboard, and at-berth emissions. Due to differences in construction, operation, location, and policies at ports, the site-specific air pollution cocktail could result in different human health risks. Thus, monitoring and evaluating such emissions are essential to predict the risk to the community. Environmental agencies often monitor key pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 ), but the volatile organic carbons (VOCs) most often are not, due to its analytical challenging. This study intends to fill that gap and evaluate the VOC emissions caused by activities related to the port of Paranaguá - one of the largest bulk ports in Latin America - by characterizing BTEX concentrations at the port and its surroundings. At seven different sites, passive samplers were used to measure the dispersion of BTEX concentrations throughout the port and around the city at weekly intervals from November 2018 to January 2019. The average and uncertainty of BTEX concentrations (µg m -3 ) were 0.60 ± 0.43, 5.58 ± 3.80, 3.30 ± 2.41, 4.66 ± 3.67, and 2.82 ± 1.95 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. Relationships between toluene and benzene and health risk analysis were used to establish the potential effects of BTEX emissions on the population of the city of Paranaguá. Ratio analysis (T/B, B/T, m,p X/Et, and m,p X/B) indicate that the BTEX levels are mainly from fresh emission sources and that photochemical ageing was at minimum. The cancer risk varied across the sampling trajectory, whereas ethylbenzene represented a moderate cancer risk development for the exposed population in some of the locations. This study provided the necessary baseline data to support policymakers on how to change the circumstances of those currently at risk, putting in place a sustainable operation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: This analysis was designed to present a summary of available evidence that will inform practice and guide future research for photobiomodulation (PBM) after titanium implant placement procedures. Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria. Two investigators screened the titles and abstracts, and reviewed articles for risk of bias. Online databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Terms were specific to the effects of PBM on dental implant stability. Results: Eight hundred fifty-six studies were identified, and 15 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Light sources included both laser and light emitting diode (LED) devices. Wavelengths ranged from 618 to 1064 nm. The meta-analysis concluded that all 15 published studies were able to safely apply PBM near dental implants without adverse events. Laser and LED wavelengths that reported significant results included 618, 626, 830, 940 (2 × ), and 1064 nm. Conclusions: The use of adjunctive PBM can be safely prescribed after surgical placement of titanium implants. Six groups reported statistical significance for improving implant stability (four laser diode, two LED) in wavelengths ranging from 618 to 1064 nm. The amount of time spent delivering PBM was not a variable that differentiated whether a study reported significant results.

Historically, diagnosing peri-implantitis is done based on whether the disease is present, evaluated using the arbitrary thresholds of probing depths and bone loss. Using this approach as a tool to ascertain meaningful information regarding prevalence and treatment is limited. Efforts have been made to improve upon this, but to date, only one of these classifications has provided a simple method to communicate disease severity based on the amount of bone loss. A modified version of this simplified classification is proposed here, including information regarding the implant position, as emerging information suggests that this is a crucial factor in the etiology and prognosis of peri-implantitis. This enhancement to the classification better serves both researchers and clinicians in their discussion about peri-implantitis and helps to determine and recommend the most effective methods of management.

SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the disease called COVID-19, which has caused the worst pandemic of the century. Both, to know the immunological status of general population and to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccination process that is taking place around the world, serological tests represent a key tool. Classic serological tests, based on colorimetric techniques, such as ELISA or CLIA, continue to be the most widely used option. However, a real improvement in results is still needed. We developed a highly sensitive and specific FCM assay that allows the detection of IgG and IgA antibodies, directed against the native and functional S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 exposed on the membrane of a transfected cell line, up to 8 months after infection.

Placement of short implants is a common approach to rehabilitate edentulous areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival of 7.0- and 8.5-mm implants placed in either a delayed or immediate loading protocol. Life table analysis revealed the implants treated with the delayed loading protocol had a 90.9% survival rate and the implants treated with the immediate loading protocol had a survival rate of 92.0%. The results of this 8-year prospective study demonstrate similar survival rates of short, cylindrical threaded implants placed by either a delayed or immediate loading protocol.

Among the new technologies developed for the heavy-duty fleet, the use of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system in standard Diesel engines associated with biodiesel/diesel mixtures is an alternative in use to control the legislated pollutants emission. Nevertheless, there is an absence of knowledge about the synergic behaviour of these devices and biodiesel blends regarding the emissions of unregulated substances as the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitro-PAHs, both recognized for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on humans. Therefore, the goal of this study is the quantification of PAHs and Nitro-PAHs present to total particulate matter (PM) emitted from the Euro V engine fuelled with ultra-low sulphur diesel and soybean biodiesel in different percentages, B5 and B20. PM sampling was performed using a Euro V - SCR engine operating in European Stationary Cycle (ESC). The PAHs and Nitro-PAHs were extracted from PM using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor and quantified by GC-MS. The results indicated that the use of SCR and the largest fraction of biodiesel studied may suppress the emission of total PAHs. The Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) was lower when using 20% biodiesel, in comparison with 5% biodiesel on the SCR system, reaffirming the low toxicity emission using higher percentage biodiesel. The data also reveal that use of SCR, on its own, suppress the Nitro-PAHs compounds. In general, the use of larger fractions of biodiesel (B20) coupled with the SCR aftertreatment showed the lowest PAHs and Nitro-PAHs emissions, meaning lower toxicity and, consequently, a potential lower risk to human health. From the emission point of view, the results of this work also demonstrated the viability of the Biodiesel programs, in combination with the SCR systems, which does not require any engine adaptation and is an economical alternative for the countries (Brazil, China, Russia, India) that have not adopted Euro VI emission standards., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The maxillary sinus augmentation procedure has become a predictable treatment to regenerate bone for implant placement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB) combined with a deproteinized cancellous bovine bone graft for sinus augmentation. The lateral window approach was used for maxillary sinuses with minimal residual bone. After a healing period of 4 months, dental implants were placed and then restored following a 2-month osseointegration period. The result demonstrated increased bone height and ISQ values and a 100% survival rate. This study indicates that the addition of rhPDGF-BB to deproteinized cancellous bovine bone accelerated the healing period in maxillary sinuses with minimal native bone.

Objective: Assessing the risk to health by inhaling particles and particle-bound PAH during daily commuting along a high traffic flow route/corridor in Bogotá., Methods: A van was equipped with a PAS2000 photo-electric sensor for real-time measurement of particle-bound PAH and a Dust Trakfor monitoring PM10 concentration; it drove along typical commuting routes in the city. Exposure to particles and particle-bound PAH was assessed by using an inhalation intake model., Results: A similar trend was observed for both PM10 and PAH concentration, indicating that traffic was the same source for both contaminants. Extreme PM10 and PAH inhalation concentrations were recorded every time direct bus and microbus emissions were measured by the van. Inhalation model results indicated that exposure was significantly greater when using a venues having mixed traffic use (i.e. buses, microbuses, passenger vehicles, motorcycles) compared to using roads where the TransMilenio system (articulated buses) had been implemented., Conclusions: The results may support evaluating bus drivers, commuters and bike users' exposure to toxic compounds in the city.

The circulation of wild measles virus was interrupted in Venezuela in February 2007 after the catch-up vaccination (1994) and monitoring (1998) and in response to the measles outbreak in 2001. Traditionally, the routine coverage with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine does not exceed 85%. In February 2006, a measles outbreak started by importation in the State Miranda; this extended to 7 states and lasted 50 weeks with an intermediate period of 17 weeks without reported cases. New cases were reported in the States Guarico and Amazon. The pattern of circulation of the silent period was determined through the use of retrospective search for measles; this showed that 57% of suspected cases did not enter the surveillance system. Molecular epidemiology made it possible to identify B3 as only genotype, which also circulated in Spain. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles have been modified; these determine outbreaks identified late, of slow expansion, silent, and with limited case-fatality, compared with classical outbreaks. The outbreak spread by that behavior was not recognized and the classical control measures did not result. The beginning of a broader and intense vaccination was delayed, partly by weaknesses in the sensitivity of the system. It is crucial to recognize the new behavior of measles and the effectiveness of the classical control measures, and especially to establish criteria for interruption of the circulation to control an outbreak in this stage of elimination.