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3. Repowering of Wind Farm and Its Economic Feasibility: A Case Study

Author

Kumari, Suriti, Boopathi, K., Sarmah, Nabin, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Series Editor, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Kwon, Young W., Series Editor, Trojanowska, Justyna, Series Editor, di Mare, Francesca, Series Editor, Mahanta, Pinakeswar, editor, Kalita, Pankaj, editor, Paul, Anup, editor, and Banerjee, Abhik, editor

Published
2022
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5. List of contributors

Author

Ahangari, Zahra, primary, Ahosan Ul Karim, Muhammed, additional, Bagga, Navjeet, additional, Banerjee, Writam, additional, Baral, Biswajit, additional, Baruah, Ratul K., additional, Basak, Arighna, additional, Behera, Sriyanka, additional, Bhattacharya, Sekhar, additional, Bhattacharyya, D.K., additional, Biswal, Sudhansu Mohan, additional, Chakraborty, Avik, additional, Chanda, Manash, additional, Chowdhury, Joy, additional, Das, Jitendra Kumar, additional, Das, Sanghamitra, additional, Das, Shyamal K., additional, Dash, Gananath, additional, Dash, Taraprasanna, additional, Debnath, Papiya, additional, Deyasi, Arpan, additional, Dubey, Shashank Kumar, additional, Equbal, Md Salim, additional, Ganguly, Abhigyan, additional, Goswami, Rupam, additional, Gupta, Richa, additional, Haque, Anisul, additional, Heidari, Hadi, additional, Hoque, N., additional, Islam, Aminul, additional, Islam, Raisul, additional, Jena, Devika, additional, Jena, Manasa Ranjan, additional, Maiti, Chinmay Kumar, additional, Mohapatra, Eleena, additional, Mohapatra, Kamalakanta, additional, Nasrin, Shamma, additional, Pattanaik, Satya Ranjan, additional, Raghuwanshi, Vivek, additional, Rahman, Hafizur, additional, Sahay, Shubham, additional, Sarkar, Angsuman, additional, Sarkhel, Saheli, additional, Sarmah, Nabin, additional, Sharma, Ashok Kumar, additional, Sharma, Preeti, additional, Sharma, Rajnish, additional, Sharma, Santosh, additional, Singh, Avtar, additional, Tiwari, Shree Prakash, additional, Vaid, Rakesh, additional, and Wang, Zheng, additional

Published
2023
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7. A Soft Computing Approach for Optimal Design of a DC-DC Buck Converter

Author

Saharia, Barnam Jyoti, Sarmah, Nabin, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Deka, Bhabesh, editor, Maji, Pradipta, editor, Mitra, Sushmita, editor, Bhattacharyya, Dhruba Kumar, editor, Bora, Prabin Kumar, editor, and Pal, Sankar Kumar, editor

Published
2019
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11. Design and performance evaluation of a low concentrating line-axis dielectric photovoltaic system

Author

Sarmah, Nabin, Mallick, Tapas, and Richards, Bryce

Subjects
621.31
Abstract

This thesis presents a detailed investigation of the design optimisation and performance analysis of a dielectric concentrator for building façade integration at high latitudes (>55°). Considering the seasonal variation of the sun’s position at these latitudes, a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system with stationary concentrators of large acceptance angle and low concentration ratio is a suitable alternative to conventional flat plate photovoltaic (PV) modules. A well designed dielectric asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC) is a suitable choice to achieve optimum range of acceptance angles and concentration ratio for building façade integration in the Edinburgh and higher latitudes. A theoretical study of the optical performance shows that a truncated dielectric ACPC with acceptance half-angles of 0o and 55o (termed as DiACPC-55) is the optimum design, when compared to the dielectric ACPC designs with acceptance half angles of (0o and 66o) and (0o and 77o) in Edinburgh and higher latitudes. An increase in the range of acceptance angles is achieved by truncating the concentrator profile. Ray tracing simulations show the DiACPC-55 exhibits the widest range of acceptance angles compared to the other designs. The maximum optical efficiency of the DiACPC-55 is found to be 83%. In addition it is found to have a better intensity distribution at the receiver and a higher total annual energy collection, compared to the other designs. Thermal modelling of a CPV system with the DiACPC-55 concentrator shows that the solar cell and rear plate temperature can reach up to 41.6oC for 1000 W/m2 irradiance, when operating with an average ambient temperature of 10oC. The maximum power ratio of the CPV module (fabricated using the DiACPC-55 concentrator) to a similar non-concentrating counterpart is found to be 2.32, when characterised in an indoor controlled environment using a solar simulator. An average electrical conversion efficiency of 9.5% is measured for the entire range of acceptance angles. The optical loss analysis shows that incident light can escape from the parabolic sides and concentrator-encapsulation interface. The outdoor characterisation of the CPV module with the DiACPC-55 concentrator shows that a maximum power ratio of 2.22 can be achieved on a sunny day. In comparison, a maximum power ratio of 1.9 is observed on a rainy day. These results reveal that the designed dielectric concentrator is capable of collecting 68% of the diffuse radiation. The maximum electrical conversion efficiency of the CPV module in outdoor condition is found to be 9.4%. Module degradation due to the delamination of the solar cell is observed in the long term investigation study, which reduces the module efficiency to 8.6% on a clear sunny day. The fabricated CPV system with the DiACPC-55 concentrator is found to be £190.3/m2 cheaper than similar sized conventional glass-glass laminated modules. Therefore the cost of the CPV module is found to be £0.53/Wp cheaper than the conventional glass-glass laminated modules for building facade integration at high latitudes.

Published
2012

17. Modelling photovoltaic soiling losses through optical characterization

Author

Smestad, Greg P., Germer, Thomas A., Alrashidi, Hameed, Fernández, Eduardo F., Dey, Sumon, Brahma, Honey, Sarmah, Nabin, Ghosh, Aritra, Sellami, Nazmi, Hassan, Ibrahim A. I., Desouky, Mai, Kasry, Amal, Pesala, Bala, Sundaram, Senthilarasu, Almonacid, Florencia, Reddy, K. S., Mallick, Tapas K., and Micheli, Leonardo

Published
2020
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18. Grey wolf optimizer for the design optimization of a DC-DC boost converter.

Author

Saharia, Barnam Jyoti and Sarmah, Nabin

Subjects
GREY Wolf Optimizer algorithm, PARTICLE swarm optimization, DC-to-DC converters, OPTIMIZATION algorithms
Abstract

Design optimization of a DC-DC boost converters for minimizing overall operational losses is the problem under study. The optimum design contains selecting the best value of circuit inductance, capacitance, and switching frequency for the continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation. The design constraints selected are the current ripple content, ripple content of voltage, and bandwidth for operation in CCM. Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is implemented for the boost DC-DC converter’s optimal design. The comparative investigation of algorithms reveals that GWO outperforms other established optimization algorithms like the particle swarm optimization (PSO), moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm, simulated annealing (SA) and firefly algorithm (FFA) in terms of convergence time, computational effort, and the minimized system losses while finding the most efficient design of the converter. Parametric study on statistical performance indicates that the GWO algorithm outperforms the rest of the optimization algorithms on comparing with previously reported results. The optimized results obtained in the current work provides and improved converter design with reduction in the power loss in the optimized design of the converter by over 15% from previously reported works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaic: The rise of Japan

Author

Muhammad-Sukki, Firdaus, Abu-Bakar, Siti Hawa, Munir, Abu Bakar, Mohd Yasin, Siti Hajar, Ramirez-Iniguez, Roberto, McMeekin, Scott G., Stewart, Brian G., Sarmah, Nabin, Mallick, Tapas Kumar, Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi, Karim, Md Ershadul, Ahmad, Salman, and Mat Tahar, Razman

Published
2014
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30. Effect of Environmental Factors on Photovoltaic Soiling: Experimental and Statistical Analysis.

Author

Brahma, Honey, Pant, Shraiya, Micheli, Leonardo, Smestad, Greg P., and Sarmah, Nabin

Subjects
STATISTICS, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems, RAINFALL, SOILS, SOIL erosion
Abstract

Soiling significantly impacts PV systems' performance, but this can be mitigated through optimized frequency and timing of cleaning. This experimental study focused on the conditions leading to soiling. It utilized a novel method to evaluate the effectiveness of different cleaning frequencies. The transmittance of horizontally mounted glass coupons exposed outdoors in a warm and humid location was measured weekly and these measurements were used (i) to evaluate the variability of soiling and its seasonal correlations with environmental factors using linear regression models and (ii) to assess the effectiveness of the different cleaning cycles using statistical (F- and t-test) analysis. The minimum transmittance loss occurred during the season with the most frequent rainfall, which acted as the dominant natural cleaning agent. The experimental campaign showed that rainfalls do not completely clean soiling; a minimum intensity threshold has to be achieved to have a cleaning effect. The threshold rainfall was the highest for the weekly cleaned glass coupon and lowest for a coupon that was never cleaned. Based on the statistical analysis, it is suggested that weekly cleanings during winter and post-monsoon seasons and monthly cleanings during pre-monsoon and southwest monsoon seasons are optimal for areas in the Köppen–Geiger Cwa climate classification category. The correlation between soiling and environmental parameters was found to be highly dependent on the season. It may therefore not be possible to develop a simple, universal predictive relationship for soiling losses. The presented methodology is applicable to additional locations, even outside of the study area of India, to contribute to the understanding and mitigation of soiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. List of contributors

Author

Ahangari, Zahra, Ahosan Ul Karim, Muhammed, Bagga, Navjeet, Banerjee, Writam, Baral, Biswajit, Baruah, Ratul K., Basak, Arighna, Behera, Sriyanka, Bhattacharya, Sekhar, Bhattacharyya, D.K., Biswal, Sudhansu Mohan, Chakraborty, Avik, Chanda, Manash, Chowdhury, Joy, Das, Jitendra Kumar, Das, Sanghamitra, Das, Shyamal K., Dash, Gananath, Dash, Taraprasanna, Debnath, Papiya, Deyasi, Arpan, Dubey, Shashank Kumar, Equbal, Md Salim, Ganguly, Abhigyan, Goswami, Rupam, Gupta, Richa, Haque, Anisul, Heidari, Hadi, Hoque, N., Islam, Aminul, Islam, Raisul, Jena, Devika, Jena, Manasa Ranjan, Maiti, Chinmay Kumar, Mohapatra, Eleena, Mohapatra, Kamalakanta, Nasrin, Shamma, Pattanaik, Satya Ranjan, Raghuwanshi, Vivek, Rahman, Hafizur, Sahay, Shubham, Sarkar, Angsuman, Sarkhel, Saheli, Sarmah, Nabin, Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Sharma, Preeti, Sharma, Rajnish, Sharma, Santosh, Singh, Avtar, Tiwari, Shree Prakash, Vaid, Rakesh, and Wang, Zheng

Published
2023
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32. Modelling photovoltaic soiling losses through optical characterization

Author

Smestad, Greg P, Germer, Thomas A, Alrashidi, Hameed, Fernández, Eduardo F, Dey, Sumon, Brahma, Honey, Sarmah, Nabin, Ghosh, Aritra, Sellami, Nazmi, Hassan, Ibrahim AI, and et al

Abstract

The accumulation of soiling on photovoltaic (PV) modules affects PV systems worldwide. Soiling consists of mineral dust, soot particles, aerosols, pollen, fungi and/or other contaminants that deposit on the surface of PV modules. Soiling absorbs, scatters, and reflects a fraction of the incoming sunlight, reducing the intensity that reaches the active part of the solar cell. Here, we report on the comparison of naturally accumulated soiling on coupons of PV glass soiled at seven locations worldwide. The spectral hemispherical transmittance was measured. It was found that natural soiling disproportionately impacts the blue and ultraviolet (UV) portions of the spectrum compared to the visible and infrared (IR). Also, the general shape of the transmittance spectra was similar at all the studied sites and could adequately be described by a modified form of the Ångström turbidity equation. In addition, the distribution of particles sizes was found to follow the IEST-STD-CC 1246E cleanliness standard. The fractional coverage of the glass surface by particles could be determined directly or indirectly and, as expected, has a linear correlation with the transmittance. It thus becomes feasible to estimate the optical consequences of the soiling of PV modules from the particle size distribution and the cleanliness value.

Published
2020

37. A unified global investigation on the spectral effects of soiling losses of PV glass substrates: preliminary results

Author

Micheli, Leonardo, primary, Fernandez, Eduardo F., additional, Smestad, Greg P., additional, Alrashidi, Hameed, additional, Sarmah, Nabin, additional, Sellami, Nazmi, additional, Hassan, Ibrahim A. I., additional, Kasry, Amal, additional, Nofuentes, Gustavo, additional, Sood, Neeru, additional, Pesala, Bala, additional, Senthilarasu, S., additional, Almonacid, Florencia, additional, Reddy, K.S., additional, Muller, Matthew, additional, and Mallick, Tapas K., additional

Published
2017
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38. Development of a novel 16-cell densely packed 500×CPV assembly on insulated metal substrate

Author

Micheli, Leonardo, Sarmah, Nabin, Luo, Xichun, Reddy, K.S., and Mallick, Tapas K.

Subjects
TK
Abstract

A novel densely packed receiver for concentrating photovoltaics has been designed to fit a 125× primary and a 4× secondary reflective optics. It can allocate 16 1cm2-sized high concentrating solar cells and is expected to work at about 300 Wp, with a short-circuit current of 6.6 A and an open circuit voltage of 50.72 V. In the light of a preliminary thermal simulation, an aluminum-based insulated metal substrate has been use as baseplate. The original outline of the conductive copper layer has been developed to minimize the Joule losses, by reducing the number of interconnections between the cells in series. Slightly oversized Schottky diodes have been applied for bypassing purposes and the whole design fits the IPC-2221 requirements. A full- scale thermal simulation has been implemented to prove the reliability of an insulated metal substrate in CPV application, even if compared to the widely-used direct bonded copper board. The Joule heating phenomenon has been analytically calculated first, to understand the effect on the electrical power output, and then simulate, to predict the consequences on the thermal management of the board. The outcomes of the present research will be used to optimize the design of a novel actively cooled 144-cell receiver for high concentrating photovoltaic applications.

Published
2014

40. Status and Perspective of Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems: the Results of the BioCPV Project and Opportunities for a Sustainable Energy Supply to Rural Areas

Author

Mallick, T., primary, Micheli, Leonardo, additional, Banerjee, Sambhu, additional, Shanks, Katie, additional, Lokeswaran, S, additional, Baig, Hasan, additional, Calabria, Fausto, additional, Sarmah, Nabin, additional, Walker, Mark, additional, Theristis, Marios, additional, Reddy, K S, additional, Ghosh, Prakash, additional, Walker, Gavin, additional, Choudhury, Shibani, additional, Pourkashanian, Mohamed, additional, O’Donovan, Tadgh, additional, Hamilton, Joel, additional, Poggio, Davide, additional, Giddings, Donald, additional, Hazara, Amit, additional, Balachandran, S, additional, Grant, David, additional, Nimmo, William, additional, Ma, Lin, additional, Mathew, Anil K, additional, Goswami, Ramansu, additional, Chakraborty, Amit, additional, Dinha, Debasree, additional, Bandyopadhyay, Kunal, additional, Almonacid, Florencia, additional, and Fernandez, Eduardo F., additional

Published
2016
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47. Rotationally asymmetric optical concentrators for solar PV and BIPV systems

Author

Ramirez-Iniguez, Roberto, primary, Muhammad-Sukki, Firdaus, additional, Abu-Bakar, Siti Rawa, additional, McMeekin, Scott G, additional, Stewart, Brian G, additional, Sarmah, Nabin, additional, Mallick, Tapas Kumar, additional, Munir, Abu Bakar, additional, Mohd Yasin, Siti Rajar, additional, and Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi, additional

Published
2013
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48. Design And Production Of A 2.5 kWe Insulated Metal Substrate-Based Densely Packed CPV Assembly.

Author

Micheli, Leonardo, Sarmah, Nabin, Xichun Luo, Reddy, K. S., and Mallick, Tapas K.

Subjects
*SUBSTRATES (Materials science), *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, *SOLAR concentrators, *THERMAL analysis, *COST analysis, *HEAT treatment
Abstract

The original design of a new 144-cell concentrating photovoltaic assembly is presented in this paper. It is conceived to work under 500 suns and to generate about 2.5 kWe. An insulated metal substrate was selected as baseplate, in order to get the best compromise between costs and thermal performances. It is based on a 2mm thick aluminum plate, which is in charge of removing the heat as quick as possible. The copper pattern and thickness has been designed accordingly to the IPC Generic Standard on Printed Board Design and to the restrictions of fit a reflective 125x primary optics and a 4x secondary refractive optics. The original outline of the conductive copper layer has been developed to minimize Joule losses by reducing the number of interconnections between the cells in series. Multijunction solar cells and Schottky bypass diodes have been soldered onto the board as surface mounted components. All the fabrication processes are described. This board represents a novelty for the innovative pattern of the conductive layer, which can be easily adapted to be coupled with different optics geometries and to allocate a different number of cells. The use of an IMS as baseplate will give an experimental contribution to the debate about the exploitability of this kind of substrates in CPV. This board is being characterized indoor and outdoor: the results will be used to improve the design and the reliability of the future receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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49. The Design Of A Parabolic Reflector System With High Tracking Tolerance For High Solar Concentration.

Author

Shanks, Katie, Sarmah, Nabin, Reddy, K. S., and Mallick, Tapas

Subjects
*SOLAR concentrators, *PARABOLIC reflectors, *TRACKING & trailing, *SIMULATION methods & models, *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation
Abstract

A compact high concentrating photovoltaic (HCPV) module based on cassegrain optics is proposed; consisting of a primary parabolic reflector, secondary reflector and homogeniser. The effect of parabolic curvatures, reflector separation distance and the homogeniser's height and width on the tracking tolerance has been investigated for optimisation. In this type of HCPV, the addition of a solid transparent homogeniser to the two stage reflector design greatly improves the tracking tolerance. Optical simulation studies show high optical efficiencies of 84.82 - 81.89 % over a range of ±1 degree tracking error and 55.49% at a tracking error of ±1.5 degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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50. Performance Analysis Of The Lineal Model For Estimating The Maximum Power Of A HCPV Module In Different Climate Conditions.

Author

Fernández, Eduardo F., Almonacid, Florencia, Sarmah, Nabin, Mallick, Tapas, Sanchez, Iñigo, Cuadra, Juan M., Soria-Moya, Alberto, and Pérez-Higueras, Pedro

Subjects
LINEAL relatives, PERFORMANCE evaluation, ESTIMATION theory, PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, SOLAR concentrators, CLIMATE change
Abstract

A model based on easily obtained atmospheric parameters and on a simple lineal mathematical expression has been developed at the Centre of Advanced Studies in Energy and Environment in southern Spain. The model predicts the maximum power of a HCPV module as a function of direct normal irradiance, air temperature and air mass. Presently, the proposed model has only been validated in southern Spain and its performance in locations with different atmospheric conditions still remains unknown. In order to address this issue, several HCPV modules have been measured in two different locations with different climate conditions than the south of Spain: the Environment and Sustainability Institute in southern UK and the National Renewable Energy Center in northern Spain. Results show that the model has an adequate match between actual and estimated data with a RMSE lower than 3.9% at locations with different climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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