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This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Vaccinaria pyramidata root extract in Wistar albino rats subjected to carbon tetrachloride (CCl„)-induced liver toxicity. The ethanolic root extract of Vaccinaria pyramidata was prepared and tested on thirty rats, divided into five groups. The extract's ability to protect against oxidative stress was assessed by measuring liver function markers such as ALT, AST and SGOT, alongside histopathological analyses of liver tissues. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Vaccinaria pyramidata significantly reduced liver damage, as evidenced by restored wet liver weight and volume, decreased enzyme levels, and reduced histopathological alterations. Additionally, the root extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that Vaccinaria pyramidata root extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for managing liver disorders caused by oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerva lanata plant belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. Aerva lanata is also referred as the Mountain knotgrass.The leaves of Aerva lanata is one of the indigenous medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, kidney stones and its associated problems in Africa. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antiurolithiatic activity of the medicinal plant Aerva lanata (mountain knotgrass). The present study indicates the physicochemical & phytochemical studies of Aerva lanata. Ethyl acetate extract showed its maximum efficiency in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals. Our results have clearly indicated that the Ethyl acetate extract of Aerva lanata shows better results than Methanolic extract and it was quite promising for further studies in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the second half of the 20th century, our knowledge about the biology of cancer has made extraordinary progress. Today, we understand cancer at the genomic and epigenomic levels, and we have identified the cell that starts neoplastic transformation and characterized the mechanisms for the invasion of other tissues. This knowledge has allowed novel drugs to be designed that act on specific molecular targets, the immune system to be trained and manipulated to increase its efficiency, and ever more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed. Nevertheless, we are still far from winning the war against cancer, and thus biomedical research in oncology must continue to be a global priority. Likewise, there is a need to reduce unequal access to medical services and improve prevention programs, especially in countries with a low human development index. Effective cancer therapy is still a great challenge for modern medical research due to the complex underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, and the limitations commonly associated with currently used cancer therapeutic options. Nanotechnology has been implemented in cancer therapeutics with immense potential for improving cancer treatment. Through information about the recent advances regarding cancer hallmarks, we could comprehensively understand the pharmacological effects and explore the mechanisms of the interaction between the nanomaterials, which could provide opportunities to develop mechanism-based nanomedicine to treat human cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present is a low-cost and environmentally beneficial approach for producing silver nanoparticles from discarded pineapple leaves utilising microwave-assisted extraction. AgNPs are produced environmentally friendly using a straightforward reduction technique and silver nitrate. The ideal conditions for green synthesis are determined by taking into account a number of factors, such as the silver nitrate concentration (5–25 mM), the incubation period (2–24 h), and the sample volume (2–8 mL). The reduction of silver metal ions into silver nanoparticles is indicated by the appearance of an absorption band in the UV-Vis spectro-photometer between 400 and 500 nm. Longer run times, higher silver nitrate solution concentrations, and larger sample volumes are all observed to improve absorption intensity. The green synthesised silver nanoparticles range in size from 40 to 150 nm and exhibit hexagonal spherical shapes, according to FE-SEM studies. Furthermore, the presence of green synthesised AgNPs is confirmed by FTIR and XRD studies. In comparison to non-microwave-assisted treatment, silver nanoparticles treated with a microwave show increased antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Silver nanoparticles must be present at a minimum of 60 g/mL to suppress bacterial growth. Overall, this study provides an avenue with substantial potential for the environmentally friendly and economically advantageous green synthesis of silver nanoparticles employing the microwave-assisted technique [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]