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39. Developing Robust Flood Susceptibility Model with Small Numbers of Parameters in Highly Fertile Regions of Northwest Bangladesh for Sustainable Flood and Agriculture Management

Author

Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar, primary, Ansar, Saifullah Bin, additional, Ekram, Khondaker Mohammed Mohiuddin, additional, Khan, Mehedi Hasan, additional, Talukdar, Swapan, additional, Naikoo, Mohd Waseem, additional, Islam, Abu Reza Towfiqul, additional, Rahman, Atiqur, additional, and Mosavi, Amir, additional

Published
2022
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40. COVID-19 Susceptibility Mapping Using Multicriteria Evaluation

Author

Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar

Subjects
Index (economics), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Population, Geographic Mapping, Analytic hierarchy process, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Decision Support Techniques, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Consistency (statistics), Surveys and Questionnaires, Statistics, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Limit (mathematics), education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, Bangladesh, education.field_of_study, Pairwise comparison matrix, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Pairwise comparison, Disease Susceptibility
Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) susceptibility in districts of Bangladesh using multicriteria evaluation techniques.Methods: Secondary data were collected from different government organizations, 120 primary surveys were conducted for calculating weights, and results were validated through 12 key people’s interviews. Pairwise comparison matrixes were calculated for 9 factors and subfactors. The analytic hierarchy process used for calculating the susceptibility index and map was prepared based on the results.Results: According to the results, multiple causal factors might be responsible for COVID-19 spreading in Bangladesh. Dhaka might be vulnerable to COVID-19 due to a higher population, population density, and international collaboration. According to the pairwise comparison matrix, the consistency ratio for subfactors and factors was in the permissible limit (ie, less than 0.10). The highest factor weight of 0.2907 was found for the factors type of port. The maximum value for the susceptibility index was 0.435219362 for Chittagong, and the minimum value was 0.076174 for Naogaon.Conclusions: The findings of this research might help the communities and government agencies with effective decision-making.

Published
2020

43. Impact of COVID-19 on PM2.5 Pollution in Fastest-Growing Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Author

Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar and Khan, Md Mehedi Hasan

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, PARTICULATE matter
Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the research was to investigate and identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh by using ground-based observation data. Methods: The research assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for PM2.5 from January 1, 2017 to August 1, 2020. The research considered pollution in pre-COVID-19 (January 1 to March 23), during COVID-19 (March 24 to May 30), and post-COVID-19 (May 31 to August 1) lockdown periods with current (2020) and historical (2017-2019) data. Results: PM2.5 pollution followed a similar yearly trend in year 2017-2020. The average concentration for PM2.5 was found 87.47 μg/m3 in the study period. Significant PM2.5 declines were observed in the current COVID-19 lockdown period compared with historical data: 11.31% reduction with an absolute decrease of 7.15 μg/m3. Conclusions: The findings of the research provide an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects air pollution. The results will provide initial evidence regarding human behavioral changes and emission controls. This research will also suggest avenues for further study to link the findings with health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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44. Simulation-based modeling of urban waterlogging in Khulna city

Author

Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar, Rahman, Atikur, Esraz-Ul-zannat, Islam, Feroz, Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar, Rahman, Atikur, Esraz-Ul-zannat, and Islam, Feroz

Abstract

Khulna City is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The city experiences frequent waterlogging during extreme rainfall events. This research prepared a drainage simulation model considering climate change issues for investigating the extent of waterlogging in the city. Watershed and precipitation were analyzed to examine the existing scenario of the study area. Finally, a Mike Urban-based hydrological simulation model was formulated to investigate the severity of waterlogging. As found by precipitation analysis, 180 mm, 346 mm, and 396 mm rainfall might occur for the 5-year, 50-year, and 100-year return period, respectively. This research identified that volume of overland flow might be affected by climate change-induced rainfall. According to the simulation, 62.52% of the study area was waterlogged with different inundation depths. It was found that traffic movements were severely disrupted and structures were hampered due to waterlogging. 45% paved, 77% brick soling, and 65% unpaved roads were inundated by different inundation levels. On the other hand, 61.1% of structures of the study area were affected by waterlogging. The findings of the research might help the concerned authority in decision-making, especially for the drainage and water-related issues, to solve the waterlogging.

Published
2021

46. Assessing the Spatial Mapping of Heat Vulnerability under Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area.

Author

Abrar, Rakin, Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar, Nishtha, Kashfia Tasnim, Talukdar, Swapan, Shahfahad, Rahman, Atiqur, Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul, and Mosavi, Amir

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon gets intensified in the process of urbanization, which increases the vulnerability of urban dwellers to heatwaves. The UHI-induced vulnerability to heatwaves has increased in Bangladesh during past decades. Thus, this study aims to examine the UHI and vulnerability to heatwaves in the city of Dhaka using a heat vulnerability index (HVI). The HVI is constructed using various demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental risk variables at thana level. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the 26 normalized variables for each of the 41 thanas of Dhaka to prepare the HVI. Result shows that more than 60% of the city is under built-up areas, while vegetation cover and water bodies are in low proportion. Analysis of HVI shows that the very high- and high-risk zones comprise 6 and 11 thanas, while low- and very low-risk zones comprise only 5 and 8 thanas. The correlation of HVI with variables such as exposure (0.62) and sensitivity (0.80) was found to be highly positive, while adaptive capacity had a negative correlation (−0.26) with the HVI. Findings of this study can be utilized in the mitigation of UHI phenomenon and maintaining the thermal comfort of Dhaka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. COVID-19 Vulnerability Mapping of Asian Countries

Author

Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar, Morshed, Md. Manjur, and Chakraborty, Tanmoy

Abstract

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study is to map vulnerability of Asian countries to the COVID-19 pandemic.Method:According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 framework for natural hazards, vulnerability is a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. From an extensive literature review, we identified 16 socioeconomic, meteorological, environmental, and health factors that influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. The underlying factors of vulnerability were identified using principal component analysis.Results:Our findings indicate that the percentage of the urban population, obesity rate, air connectivity, and the population aged 65 and over, diabetes prevalence, and PM2.5levels all contributed significantly to COVID-19 sensitivity. Subsequently, governance effectiveness, human development index (HDI), vaccination rate, and life expectancy at birth, and gross domestic product (GDP) all had a positive effect on adaptive capacity. The estimated vulnerability was corroborated by a Pearson correlation of 0.615 between death per million population and vulnerability.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the application of universal indicators for assessing pandemic vulnerability for informed policy interventions such as the COVAX vaccine roll-out priority. Despite data limitations and a lack of spatiotemporal analysis, this study’s methodological framework allows for ample data incorporation and replication.

Published
2023
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50. Cost of Ecosystem Service Value Due to Rohingya Refugee Influx in Bangladesh

Author

Sarkar, Showmitra Kumar, Saroar, Md. Mustafa, and Chakraborty, Tanmoy

Abstract

AbstractObjective:The objective of the research is to estimate the cost of ecosystem service value (ESV) due to the Rohingya refugee influx in Ukhiya and Teknaf upazilas of Bangladesh.Methods:Artificial neural network (ANN) supervised classification technique was used to estimate land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics between 2017 (ie, before the Rohingya refugee influx) and 2021. The ESV changes between 2017 and 2021 were assessed using the benefit transfer approach.Results:According to the findings, the forest lost 54.88 km2(9.58%) because of the refugee influx during the study. Around 47.26 km2(8.25%) of settlement was increased due to the need to provide shelter for Rohingya refugees in camp areas. Due to the increase in Rohingya refugee settlements, the total ESV increased from US $310.13 million in 2017 to US $332.94 million in 2021. Because of the disappearance of forest areas, the ESV for raw materials and biodiversity fell by 13.58% and 14.57%, respectively.Conclusion:Natural resource conservation for long-term development will benefit from the findings of this study.

Published
2023
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