Search

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang ditularkan melalui udara pernapasan. Sumber penularan TBC adalah melalui penderita TBC BTA positif saat batuk atau bersin, menyebarkan kuman ke udara berupa percikan dahak dalam waktu yang lama di udara. Air garam merupakan bahan yang digunakan untuk pengawetan (anti/membunuh kuman). Bahan aktif dalam garam berfungsi sebagai anti bakteri berupa unsur klorin (Cl), karena bersifat diatomik. Proses pelepasan unsur Cl dari molekul garam meja NaCl, kemudian Cl dengan ikatan Cl lainnya membentuk gas Cl2 dengan metode elektrolisis air garam. Fungsi reaksi elektrolisis air garam merusak ikatan NaCl sehingga logam natrium (Na) dan gas klorin (Cl2) menyebar ke udara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah pasien TB yang menjadi obyek penelitian di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gamping II Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menghasilkan waktu paparan optimal 15 menit menghasilkan gas Cl2 sebesar 0,2067 ppm dan waktu kontak optimal 15 menit dengan penurunan jumlah kuman 56,22%. Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is transmitted through respiratory air. The source of TB transmission is through smear-positive TB patients when coughing or sneezing, spreading germs into the air in the form of phlegm splashes for a long time in the air. Saltwater is an ingredient used for preservation (anti/kills germs). The active ingredient in salt functions as an anti-bacterial in the form of elemental chlorine (Cl), because it is diatomic. The process of releasing Cl elements from NaCl table salt molecules, then Cl with other Cl bonds to form Cl2 gas by the salt water electrolysis method. The brine electrolysis reaction function damage the NaCl bond to metallic sodium (Na) and chlorine gas (Cl2) spread into the air. This research was conducted at the home of TB patients as the object of research in the Gamping II Health Center Work Area, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This study resulted in an optimal exposure time of 15 minutes producing Cl2 gas of 0.2067 ppm and an optimal contact time of 15 minutes with a reduction in the number of germs of 56.22%.

Lalat rumah merupakan salah satu vektor mekanik penularan atau penyebaran penyakit yang selama ini terus diteliti pengendaliannya. Salah satu cara pemberantasan lalat yang paling sering digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan daun sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Kandungan aktif dari daun sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) adalah sitronelal dan geraniol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas minyak sereh sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) dengan metode vaporizing mat sebagai insektisida terhadap lalat rumah (Musca domestica) dalam menanggulangi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian experimental worshop Kesehatan lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan metode pre test only control grup desain. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sejumlah lalat rumah (Musca domestica) yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan telah diseleksi dan didapatkan dari hasil penangkapan di sekitar TPS Ngundi Raharjo menggunakan paper cup. Minyak sereh wangi sereh wangi (Cymbogon nardus) dipanaskan melalui elektrik mat ke dalam kandang jaring yang berukuran 25cm x 25cm x 25cm yang telah diisi 10 ekor lalat rumah (Musca domestica) dewasa. Pengulangan dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali pada interval waktu yaitu jam ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-6 dan jam ke-24. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) sebesar 15%, 20%, dan 25% dan kontrol (larutan aquades). Pada waktu pengamatan jam ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-6 dan ke-24 masing-masing menunjukkan nilai signifikansi (sig. < 0,05) dan disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna antara variasi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) sebagai insektisida terhadap lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Potensi insektisida tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh besar kecilnya konsentrasi, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh lamanya waktu pengamatan. Kata kunci : Insektida, lalat, minyak sereh wangi, vaporizing mat

Demam Berdarah masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam mengatasi penyakit ini. Pemberantasan melalui fase jentik menjadi peran penting dalam pengedalian penyakit DBD. Terjadi peningkatan kasus DBD di Kecamatan Srandakan pada tahun 2019. Sebagai solusi terhadap permasalah adalah dengan memberikan pemahaman mengenai penyakit DBD, pemberdayaan masyarkat dengan pengendalian larva vektor DBD dengan mengunakan ikan sepat (Trichogaster trichopterus) pada bak penampungan air. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan adanya peningkatan Angka bebas jentik di Dusun Klurahan, Trimurti, Srandakan, Bantul.

DHF is an endemic disease that spreads massively throughout the year, especially in the rainy season. It needs a method that can depict the spread of dengue cases based on the map of Ae-des sp. distribution. The aim of the study is to find out the spatial description of potential breeding places of Aedes sp. at Bangunharjo village, in Sewon, Bantul, DIY, by conducting a descriptive study with survey method. The study was held between January-April 2020. As the study popula-tion was 39 houses of DHF cases in 2019, meanwhile as the sample were 16 houses of dengue cases during two trimesters (May-December) in 2019 that met the criteria. The examination used visual larvae survey method, and to record the houses’ coordinates was by using GPS based on the presence of larvae. The study results show that the distribution of dengue cases in Bangun-harjo Village were occuring in all dukuh and tends to spread throughout the villages. This DHF mapping become a guide to see the presence of larvae at 50 m and 100 m distance from the cases’ houses based on possible breeding sites Aedes sp. The results also exhibit that the distri-bution of larvae in Bangunharjo Village as many as 40 houses (37,03 %) out of the observed 108 houses. The distribution of larvae using buffer method based on the type of containers, reveal that larvae distribution is found mostly in containers that used for daily purposes. The buffer ana-lyses find that DFH transmission at 50 m radius zone from cases’ point is more at risk to occur because more larvae are found

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in Indonesia with relatively high morbidity and mortalityrate and potential to cause outbreak. One of the causes of diarrhea is contamination of Muscadomestica flies. Various types of fly control can be implemented. This study proposed an innovationdevice on fly control, called “adhesive tree”, which is categorized to physical mechanicalcontrol. The purpose of this study was to reveal the capability of this device at chicken farm inPlalangan Village of Pendowoharjo, Sleman. The study was quasi experiment with post testonly control group design. The data were analysed by using independent sample t-test. Theresults showed that adhesive tree, in average, were able to trap more flies than conventionaladhesive paper did. i.e. 24 flies compared to 4 flies. The p-value obtained from statistical analysiswas 0,001 which confirms that the difference is significant. Therefore, adhesive tree hasbetter ability than conventional adhesive paper in trapping Musca domestica flies.

The effort to increase public health level can be obtained with clean and healthy live behaviors.Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is arisen from lack of knowledge and awareness about environmental health. Many ways can be done to improve controlling behavior of DHF vectors. Forelementary school children, one of them is by playing games. The purpose of this study was toknow the effectiveness of hopscotch and monopoly games as the information media to improvethe control behavior of DHF vectors among elementary school students, by conducting a quasiexperiment with non-equivalent control group design. The study was carried out on May 2018.The study subject was 45 third grade students of the State Elementary School in Karangjati,Bantul. The data was analyzed to test the score differences between pre-test and post test. Paired t-test was used for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon test for the not-normal ones. Theanalysis for testing the mean differences among study groups was one way Anova for normallydistributed data and Kruskal Wallis test for the not-normal ones. All statistic tests were at 95 %significance level. The results shows significant difference between pre-test and post test ofknowledge and attitude measurement of the hopscotch and monopoly groups (p

Lalat merupakan vektor dalam penyebaran beberapa penyakit pada manusia. Penularan pe-nyakit-penyakit tersebut dapat berlangsung secara mekanik, yaitu melalui perantaraan menem-pelnya bagian tubuh lalat, misalnya proboscis, lalu menyebar melalui bahan tercemar (makan-an, minuman, dan air) yang dimakan oleh orang sehat. Pengendalian lalat yang dapat dilaku-kan adalah dengan menggunakan cara fisik-mekanik-fisiologis, yaitu menggunakan flytrap de-ngan ditambahkan atraktan. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai atraktan adalah bahan-bahan yang berciri memiliki aroma manis, salah satunya adalah jerami nangka yang sering menjadi limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berat atraktan limbah jerami nangka yang paling efektif untuk menangkap lalat, dan diketahuinya jumlah lalat yang terpe-rangkap pada masing-masing berat atraktan, yaitu 5,50 gr, 27,50 gr, dan 55,35 gr. Jenis pene-litian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan post test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan dengan meletakkan empat flytrap secara berjejer, yaitu tiga kelompok per-lakuan dan satu sebagai kelompok kontrol, semuanya dalam tiga kali pengukuran. Hasil peneli-tian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah rata-rata lalat yang terperangkap pada variasi berat atraktan 5,50 gr adalah 47 ekor; 27,50 gr sebanyak 76 ekor; dan 55,35 gr sebanyak 102 ekor, serta ke-lompok kontrol sebanyak 12 ekor. Hasil uji statistik dengan one way anova pada α=0,05, di-peroleh p-value < 0,001 yang berarti bahwa penambahan atraktan limbah jerami nangka pada flytrap memiliki pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap jumlah lalat yang terperangkap. Selanjut-nya, dengan uji LSD, diketahui berat atraktan yang paling efektif adalah 55,35gr.

Malaria is still one of public health problems because it can lead to fatality, particularly among high risk groups, including infants, under five children and pregnant mothers. The utilization of larvae-eating fish for controlling mosquito larvae as biological method is highly recommended because it is safe and environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to understand the predation capacity of sepat fish (Trichogaster trichopterus) on Anopheles sp larvae in the labo-ratory setting by conducting a true experiment of factorial with randomized groups design. There were six interventions as a result of the combination of three fish lengths (i.e. 4, 7 and 10 cm) and two water heights in aquarium (i.e. 10 and 100 cm). In each aquarium there were 10 larvaes and one healthy but three-day hungry fish, and for each intervention there was five replications. The number of larvae eaten by the fish was observed after 15 minutes. Result of the statistical test of one way anova multivariate test showed that predation capacities of sepat fish at various water levels and fish sizes were significantly different. Fish at 4 cm length in 10 cm water height had the highest predation capacity (mean: 9,2; SD: 1,09) compared with the other interventions. It is suggested that for further studies it is necessary to consider different research design as well as the other factors such as the size of larva instar, water type, and intervention time.

Up to now, the majority of people treat plastic waste by burning and disposing it directly to the surrounding environment. The burning of the waste causes air pollution due to toxic compound called dioxin which is harmful for human health. Meanwhile, the dumping of plastic waste into water bodies can causing some negative effects such as the clogging of water duct or river which may lead to flooding. Annually, the number of plastic bag used can reach 500 million – 1 billion, which is equal to 10 fold wrapping of earth surface (Nitizen, 2008). The best handling of plastic waste are using reuse or recycle methods which are environmentally friendly and at the same time can gain economical value1). The study is aimed to: 1) understand the capability of oven distillator in processing plastic waste into plastic grain and liquid smoke, 2) understand the influence of liquid smoke towards wood durability, 3) understand the price of the oven distillator and the corresponding break even point (BEP).The study was an experimental one and employed pre test and post test with control group design, and simultaneously assessing equipment’s production capacity. The data was analyzed descriptively and analytically with Anova test and t-test at 95% level of significance.The results show that oven distillator capable for processing 97,3% of plastic waste into plastic grain, while the rest was converted into liquid smoke. The liquid smoke was proved affect wood preservation (anova test, p