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Objective: To determine the semen profile of male partner of infertile couples coming for treatment of infertility in a private infertility clinic of metropolitan city of Pakistan. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Australian concept infertility medical center, Karachi from January 2017 to August 2017. Data of married males unable to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse were retrieved from the medical record. The semen analysis was the baseline investigation that was carried out to analyze the different sperm abnormalities. WHO criteria published in 2010 was used to assess the motility and morphology of the sperms. Results: A total of 120 couples were screened to find out the reason behind infertility. Amongst these, 61 (50.83%) males were found to have infertility. Oligoasthenospermia was found higher, i.e. 26 (42.6%). Total sperm count was found less than the normal values in 70.50% men, live count in 98.40% men, rapid linear motility in 95.10% men and normal morphology in 60.70% men. A significant association of total sperm count was found with type of infertility (p-value 0.002) and male infertility type (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: Oligoteratozoospermia was observed as predominant cause of infertility among males. Semen analysis could be used as a baseline investigation to exclude male causes before going for extensive and invasive investigation of females.

Objective: To determine the ovarian reserve parameters in patients presenting for IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment and its association with the number of follicles retrieved and number of oocyte retrieved and fertilized. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre from January 2017 to August 2017. Around 120 couples presenting to infertility clinics selected for IVF and ICSI with Females (25-45) had their FSH, AMH and AFC done. After ovulation induction, its response was determined by number of follicles retrieved, quality of oocytes retrieved or fertilized and inseminated. SPSS version 20 was used for the purpose of data analysis. Results: The median age of the patients was 34 (29-38) years. A moderate negative correlation of age and FSH levels was observed with quality of oocytes, Number of oocyte inseminated, number of oocyte fertilized and number of follicle restored. However, a positive correlation of AMH and AFC levels were found with quality of oocytes, Number of oocyte inseminated, number of oocyte fertilized and number of follicle restored. The correlation of AMH levels with number of oocyte inseminated (rho 0.729, p-value <0.001), number of oocyte fertilized (rho 0.721, <0.001) and number of follicle restored (rho 0.723, p-value <0.001) were found strongly correlated. Conclusion: Our study concluded that AMH and AFC have a strong correlation with number of follicles restored and number of oocytes retrieved whereas FSH and age has a weak correlation with the number of follicles restored and number of oocytes retrieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the semen profile of male partner of infertile couples coming for treatment of infertility in a private infertility clinic of metropolitan city of Pakistan. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Australian concept infertility medical center, Karachi from January 2017 to August 2017. Data of married males unable to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse were retrieved from the medical record. The semen analysis was the baseline investigation that was carried out to analyze the different sperm abnormalities. WHO criteria published in 2010 was used to assess the motility and morphology of the sperms. Results: A total of 120 couples were screened to find out the reason behind infertility. Amongst these, 61 (50.83%) males were found to have infertility. Oligoasthenospermia was found higher, i.e. 26 (42.6%). Total sperm count was found less than the normal values in 70.50% men, live count in 98.40% men, rapid linear motility in 95.10% men and normal morphology in 60.70% men. A significant association of total sperm count was found with type of infertility (p-value 0.002) and male infertility type (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: Oligoteratozoospermia was observed as predominant cause of infertility among males. Semen analysis could be used as a baseline investigation to exclude male causes before going for extensive and invasive investigation of females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive segmentation of images has become an integral part of image processing applications. Several graph based segmentation techniques have been developed, which depend upon global minimization of the energy cost function. An adequate scheme of interactive segmentation still needs a skilled initialization of regions with user-defined seeds pixels distributed over the entire image. We propose an iterative segmentation technique based on Cellular Automaton which focuses to reduce the user efforts required to provide initialization. The existing algorithms based on Cellular Automaton only use local smoothness term in label propagation making them highly sensitive to user-defined seeds pixels. To reduce the sensitivity towards initial user definition of regions, global constraints are introduced along with local information to propagate labels. The results obtained are comparable to the state-of-the-art interactive segmentation techniques on a standard dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present integrated study is held to carry out the control of depositional and diagenetic processes on the reservoir potential of the Lower Cretaceous sequence within Nizampur Basin (Kahi Village section) and Kalachitta Range (Tora Stana section). This study was carried out in order to analyse the effect of the depositional and diagenetic processes on the reservoir potential of the studied strata. The Lower Cretaceous sequence at the western part of the Kala Chitta Ranges is mainly composed of sandy limestone and sandstone facies. Petrographic details show that the sandstone is mineralogically mature in both sections while it is texturally immature to sub-mature at Tora Stana section and sub-mature to mature at Kahi Village section. The microscopic details indicate that the sandstone is at Tora Stana section is deposited in inner to middle shelf setting, while it indicates moderate to high energy condition of beach to inner shelf setting in Kahi Village section. The results of Image J software shows that the porosity of this clastic succession ranges from 2-5% at Kahi Village Section, while in the fractured and dolomitic samples the porosity exceeds up to 13.5%. At Tora Stana section the average porosity ranges from 4-7%. The anomalously high porosity values may be the artefacts during thin section preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) have applications in various walks of life from rescue operations to battle fieled operations, personal and commercial. However, routing operations in MANETs are still vulnerable to anomalies and DoS (Denial of Service) attacks such as sleep deprivation. In SD (Sleep Deprivation) attack malicious node exploits the vulnerability in the route discovery function of the reactive routing protocol for example AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector). In this paper, we first illustrate the SD anomaly in MANETs and then propose a SD detection and prevention algorithm which efficiently deals with this attack. We assess the performance of our proposed approach through simulation, evaluating its successfulness using different network scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification of the huge amount of information got more attention since the concept semantic web developed. The sharing of information between people and application efficiently is an important concern of last few decade. Many classification techniques like taxonomy, keyword, thesaurus, data model and ontology exist to classify and defining different biological concepts. To avoid replication and provide conceptual, syntactic and semantic view of data computer scientists adopt 'ontology' for classification. Open Biomedical Ontology Editor (OBO-Editor) is a tool that provides a common platform to share different biomedical and biological information under an umbrella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indication of Osteoporosis includes both, the reduction in bone mineral mass and the consequent change in bone microarchitecture. The weakness of bones due to degradation of trabecular microarchitecture is the major result of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture. Investigating microarchitecture of the bone is the key to predicting fracture risk in osteoporosis at an earlier stage. A significant amount of literature has been published indicating that the microarchitecture of bone is correlated to bone texture appearing in an X-ray. The understanding and classification of the bone texture should help to estimate bone fracture risk. This will also help to diagnose Osteoporosis at an earlier stage through plain X-rays, which is currently been done through expensive Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, previously DEXA) scans. This is especially helpful in developing countries like in the sub-continent, which are densely populated with relatively higher proportion of population being susceptible to Osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]