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As there is an increase in the usage of digital applications, the availability of data generated has increased to a tremendous scale. Data is an important component in almost every domain where research and analysis are required to solve problems. It is available in a structured or unstructured format. Therefore, to get corresponding data as per the application purpose, easily and quickly from different sources of data on the internet, an online content summarizer is desired. Summarizers make it easier for users to understand the content without reading it completely. Abstractive Text Summarizer helps in defining the content by considering the important words and helps in creating summaries that are in a human-readable format. The main aim is to make summaries in such a way that they should not lose their context. Various Neural Network models are employed along with other machine translation models to bring about a concise summary generation. This paper aims to highlight and study the existing contemporary models for abstractive text summarization and also to explore areas for further research

Text Summarization is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) method that extracts and collects data from the source and summarizes it. Text summarization has become a requirement for many applications since manually summarizing vast amounts of information is difficult, especially with the expanding magnitude of data. Financial research, search engine optimization, media monitoring, question-answering bots, and document analysis all benefit from text summarization. This paper extensively addresses several summarizing strategies depending on intent, volume of data, and outcome. Our aim is to evaluate and convey an abstract viewpoint of the present scenario research work for text summarization.

According to recent data, schoolchildren are the group most susceptible to social crimes that take place anywhere in the globe, including in our own country. On their way to and from school, many of these instances take place. Other times, social offence like sexual harassment happened to them when they were riding the school bus. We suggest a real-time monitoring system based on image processing methods because of how serious the problem is. The media has made using a camera to identify a pupil more commonplace. This system monitors the bus cameras and examines the children's movements. The technology recognises student faces and records student ID numbers. The technology will also sound an alarm to notify the public if the situation is urgent. Technologies that can be used with Python are included in the Open CV (Open Computer Vision) package. Face detection was performed using the Haar-Cascades classifier, and face identification was performed utilising Eigen faces. Using flowcharts, the system's levels are represented. Furthermore, The automation attendance systems use face recognition, This eliminates the vast majority of problems that manual attendance systems.

Herein, overall improvement in the electrochemical performance of manganese dioxide is achieved through fine-tuning the microstructure of partially Co-doped manganese dioxide nanomaterial using facile hydrothermal method with precise control of preparative parameters. The structural investigation exhibits formation of a multiphase compound accompanied by controlled reflections of α-MnO2 as well as γ-MnO2 crystalline phases. The morphological examination manifests the presence of MnO2 nanowires having a width of 70–80 nm and a length of several microns. The Co-doped manganese dioxide electrode displayed a particular capacitive behavior along with a rising order of capacitance concerning with increased cobalt ion concentration suitable for certain limits. The value of specific capacitance achieved by a 5% Co-doped manganese dioxide sample was 1050 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1, which was nearly threefold greater than that achieved by a bare manganese dioxide electrode. Furthermore, Co-doped manganese dioxide nanocomposite electrode exhibits exceptional capacitance retention (92.7%) till 10,000 cycles. It shows the good cyclability as well as stability of the material. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the solid-state supercapacitor with good energy and power density.

The expansion in the knowledge and applications of probiotics is on a constant rise over decades. The history of vaccine development, on the other hand, ranges back to the early nineteenth century and has been advancing ever since. Design of probiotic-based vaccine has been a boon and can be an important contributor in the field of immunization. Building up the human immunological tolerance has been the aim in order to achieve a superior level of human longevity. Orally deliverable vaccines have been preferred over the conventional parenteral formulations owing to their high patient compliance and ease of delivery. Bacteria and yeast are among the most prevalent microbiota utilized as probiotics, and owing to their significant immunomodulatory effects, they have garnered attention as promising candidates for developing edible vaccine. A legion of organisms has been regarded as safe for human consumption, thereby encouraging their adoption into probiotic-based vaccine development. A variety of bacteria- and yeast-based edible probiotic vaccines are highlighted in this chapter catering to a plethora of physiological conditions in humans. The chapter is majorly devoted to representation of the most frequently applied strategies involving bacteria and yeast in the conception of oral probiotic vaccines, both preclinically and clinically. Despite the presence of conglomerate vaccine-based strategies, a quest for newer probiotic oral vaccine platforms still persists.

Transition metal oxides with many reversible oxidation states are normally considered as potential active materials for supercapacitor applications. The composite of graphene with MnO2 nanorods is obtained using hydrothermal oxidation of Mn-precursor on a graphene surface and tested as an electrode material in supercapacitor devices. In microstructural exploration, a fine distribution of MnO2 nanorods over the entire graphene surface is evinced by transmission electron microscopy. The galvanostatic charge-discharge performance of the composite electrode in a symmetric device formation displayed a high energy density of 42.7 Wh kg−1 corresponding to a specific capacitance of 759 F g−1. This composite electrode material shows enhancement in the charge storage capacity by the factor of 2 and long life cycle with better retention of capacitance with small diffusion resistance. The excellent performance achieved for solid state supercapacitor device, in the present case, is attributed to the MnO2/graphene composite structure, which not only provides the passage for the electrons but also increases the ion transportation during the fast charge-discharge reaction.

Wound care and tissue regeneration is a global challenge and affects millions of populations. The process of wound healing and tissue repair is inherently complex in nature. Lifestyle and anthropogenic factors increase the risk in wound care and management. Even after advancements in medicine, chronic wounds and risk of sepsis continue to remain major concerns in healthcare with a high mortality rate. The application of biocomposites and biomaterials derived from silk, cellulose, alginate, chitin, hyaluronate, collagen, and gelatin is gaining popularity owing to attributes like bioactive nature, biocompatibility, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic effects. Recently, application of bioactive glass in wound healing and blood clotting process is also being explored exclusively. With the current knowledge in the material science, nanotechnology, and regenerative medicine, these properties can be enhanced to improve efficacy in wound care like tissue repair, restoration of lost tissue integrity, and scar less healing. In this direction, the progress in regenerative medicine will continue to provide a platform for cellular therapy, growth factor delivery, and fabrication of extracellular matrix alternatives. In this chapter, we have discussed in quite detail, the key challenges in wound healing and tissue engineering highlighting the contemporary nanotechnology based solutions to address current limitations in biomaterial fabrication and scaffold designing.

A 3D porous hierarchical Co3O4-reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (Co3O4-rGO) heterostructure is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Microstructure analysis confirms the decoration of Co3O4 hierarchical structures with an urchin-like spherical microstructure on rGO nanosheet with an average size of about 50 nm. The structural analysis reveals the formation of phase pure spinel Co3O4 and reduced graphene showing their simultaneous existence in the composite. Raman spectroscopy confirms the successful reduction of graphite oxide to reduced graphene oxide and the effectual interaction between Co3O4 and rGO matrix. The Co3O4-rGO composite electrode possesses utmost specific capacitance 688 F g−1, due to effective ion transfer and slight agglomeration of Co3O4 hierarchical structures on the surface of reduced graphene oxide. It is noteworthy that we have demonstrated a flexible solid-state supercapacitor device that exhibits an excellent performance suggesting the possible use of 3D porous hierarchical Co3O4-rGO composite in supercapacitor devices.

Cobalt oxide is a transition metal oxide, well studied as an electrode material for energy storage applications, especially in supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, due to its high charge storage ability. However, it suffers from low conductivity, which effectively hampers its long-term stability. In the present work, a simple strategy to enhance the conductivity of cobalt oxide is adopted to achieve stable electrochemical performance by means of carbon coating and Mn doping, via a simple and controlled, urea-assisted glycine-nitrate combustion process. Structural analysis of carbon coated Mn-doped Co3O4 (Mn-Co3O4@C) confirms the formation of nanoparticles (∼50 nm) with connected morphology, exhibiting spinel structure. The Mn-Co3O4@C electrode displays superior electrochemical performance as a Li-ion battery anode, delivering a specific capacity of 1250 mAh g-1. Mn-Co3O4@C demonstrates excellent performance in terms of long-term stability, keeping charge storage ability intact even at high current rates due to the synergistic effects of fast kinetics-provided by enriched electronic conductivity, which allows ions to move freely to active sites and electrons from reaction sites to substrate during redox reactions-and high surface area combined with mesoporous architecture. The fully assembled battery device using Mn-Co3O4@C and standard LiCoO2 electrode shows 90% capacity retention over 100 cycles.

Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Helwan, EG 11790, Egypt(Received: 16 August 2014. Accepted: 4 November 2014)According to the reports of Indian Council of Medicine milk adulteration has led to series of healthproblemlike kidneyfailureand even death in many cases. Here we reporta rapid and simple methodfor detection of melamine and urea. Melamine and urea are chemical compounds. Melamine isused productionof melamine resins which have potentialapplicationsin laminates, glues, adhesivesand plastics while urea is being used in fertilizers and many other chemical industries. Both thecompounds are nitrogen rich and are frequently added to milk and milk products and also in theinfant feeds. Excess addition of melamine and urea is fatal and can lead to death. Here we reportthe procedure to detect melamine and using functionalized graphene-gold nano-composite. Initiallygraphene oxide was synthesized using Hummer’s method while graphene-gold nano-compositewas synthesized by borohydride reduction of Graphene oxide, Choloauric acid mixture. Detectionof melamine was supported by TEM, Raman Spectroscopy.