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Objective. While international guidelines necessitate Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) for pediatric patients, it is unnecessary for the evaluation of adult patients without urological disorders as renal transplant candidates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of adult candidates who underwent VCUG before transplantation and to demonstrate the necessity for this imaging. Methods. A retrospective study of the data of 1265 adult candidates who underwent VCUG before transplantation at our center, was undertaken. VUR, the presence of Postvoiding residual urine (PVR) (>100 ml), Low bladder capacity (LBC) (

Aims and background: Hematuria is one of the most common findings in urology. The management of hematuria detected in routine medical check-ups is also important in this respect. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hematuria in patients undergoing medical check-ups and evaluate its association with abnormal urological findings in laboratory tests and imaging. Patients and methods: Asymptomatic patients who presented to the check-up clinic between January 1 and December 31, 2020, were included. All patients underwent a complete laboratory workup and total abdominal ultrasound (TAUS). The distribution of hematuria by sex and age and the relationship between hematuria and abnormal urological findings in the laboratory tests and TAUS were calculated. Results: The mean age of the 2,077 check-up patients was 45.8 ± 12.8 years. The female to male ratio was 1.07:1, and there was no significant difference in age between the sexes (P = 0.655). Microscopic hematuria was detected in 15.9% of the patients. The frequency of hematuria was 10.8% in men and 20.7% in women (P < 0.001). Men with hematuria were significantly older than men without hematuria (P = 0.033), whereas hematuria was not associated with age in women (P = 0.521). When its relationship between abnormal urological findings was evaluated, hematuria had a sensitivity of 21.70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.84, 24.86) and a specificity of 87.11% (95% CI: 85.23, 88.79). Conclusion: The frequency of hematuria in check-up patients was remarkable, at 15.9%. Hematuria in women is more common and unrelated to age, unlike in men. Hematuria had a high specificity but low sensitivity for urological abnormal findings. 35295054

Purpose: The association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and anogenital carcinomas is well established. However, despite its anatomic adjacency, the relationship between HPV and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is less clear. Recent meta-analysis and case-control studies demonstrated a significant relationship between the presence of HPV DNA and UCB. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the 2-year follow-up results of HPV-positive and HPV-negative UCB patients to evaluate the prognostic value of HPV DNA positivity in UCB. Methods: The study included patients with stage pTa and pT1 UCB who underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HPV DNA between January 1 and November 30, 2018. Based on their PCR results, 19 HPV-positive and 38 HPV-negative UCB patients who had regular follow-up in our clinic were evaluated in terms of tumor recurrence and disease progression over a 2-year follow-up period. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, follow-up time, smoking, or tumor grade (P= .576, P= .368, P= .080, and P= .454). Tumor recurrence was observed at least once in 47.3% (n=9) of the 19 HPV-positive patients and 36.8% (n=14) of the 38 HPV-negative patients (P= .445). There was no difference in disease progression between the groups during follow-up. Conclusion: In our sample of UCB patients, the presence of HPV DNA was associated with a trend toward higher recurrence rate during the 2-year follow-up, though the difference was not statistically significant. No difference in disease progression was observed based on HPV DNA positivity. 33931844

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common sexually transmitted pathogen in the world, and as such imposes a substantial global burden due to its oncogenic properties. The significant association of HPV with anogenital and head and neck carcinomas is well established. In terms of urological malignancies, only the association between HPV and penile cancer has been well defined; despite close anatomical proximity, its relationship with bladder, prostate, kidney, and testicular cancers has remained unclear. With technological advances in the nucleic acid amplification tests used to detect HPV over the last two decades, the results of new studies have led to the need to reexamine these relationships. This brief review aims to evaluate the association between urological malignancies and HPV infection in light of recent data.

OBJECTIVES: It is an issueof debate whether or not to perform hormonal testing as a first-lineinvestigation in patients with erectile dysfunction. This study aimed to assessthe contribution of hormonal testing to the diagnostic investigations ofpatients who present with erectile dysfunction. METHODS:Investigations were performed in patients who applied to our andrologyclinic and in whom hormonal causes were suspected, by looking at least two ofthe FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone levels. The rates of hormonaldisturbances and their correlation with age were determined. Additionally, whetherany modification was performed or not according to the results of these testswas noted. RESULTS: Hormonal investigation was performed in 227(63.8%) of 356 patients. Theincreased levels of FSH,LH,prolactin and decreased level of testosterone wereseen in 9.5%(20/221),7.1% (16/224),4.7%(10/211) and 3.7%(7/191) of thepatients.There was a positive correlation between FSH and LH and age,a negativecorrelation between prolactin and age,and no correlation between testosteroneand age. One of the 10 patients with prolactin increase had been diagnosed andbeen receiving treatment for hypophysis adenoma. Since the level of prolactinwas not twice the normal level no further examination was requested in theremaining 9 patients by the endocrinologists. Testosterone replacement wasgiven in two of 7 patients with decreased libido. In the remaining 5 patientsno replacement was needed. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that performing the hormonal investigation as a firstline investigation in an erectile dysfunction patient does not contribute tothe treatment additionally. Hormonal investigations should be performed afterdetailed history and physical examination and only in necessary cases., Amaçlar: ErektilDisfonksiyon nedeniyle başvuran hastada yapılacak ilk incelemede rutin hormonaldeğerlendirmenin yapılıp yapılmaması tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada kliniğimizebaşvuran ve hormonal inceleme yapılan hastalara bu incelemelerin katkısı araştırıldı.Yöntem ve gereçler: Pokliniğimizebaşvuran ve hormonal değerlendirme düşünülen hastalarda FSH, LH, Prolaktin veTestosteron seviyelerinden en az ikisine bakılarak incelemeler yapıldı.Hormonal bozukluk oranları tespit edilerek bu bozukluların hasta yaşı ilekorele olup olmadığına bakıldı. Ayrıca bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda tedavidefarklı bir uygulamanın yapılıp yapılmadığı tespit edildi. Bulgular: Ortalama yaşı 46,1 olan 356hastanın 227’sine (%63.8) hormonal inceleme yapıldı. FSH yüksekliği % 9.5(20/221), LH yüksekliği %7.1 (16/224), prolaktin yüksekliği %4.7 (10/211) vetestosteron düşüklüğü %3.7 (7/191) hastada tespit edildi. FSH ve LH ile yaşarasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon, prolaktin ile yaş arasında negatifkorelasyon görülürken testesteron ile yaş arasında korelasyon tespit edilmedi.Prolaktin yüksekliği olan 10 hastanın 1 tanesi daha önceden hipofiz adenomutanısı almış ve tedavi edilmekteydi. Diğer 9 hastada prolaktin değerleri normalsınırın 2 katını geçmediğinden endokrinoloji bilim dalı tarafından ek incelemeyegerek görülmedi. Testosteron düşüklüğü olan 7 hastadan libido azalması olan 2tanesine testosteron replasmanı yapılırken diğer 5 tanesine gerek görülmedi vetüm hastalara erektil disfonksiyona yönelik tedaviler uygulandı. Sonuçlar: Bu bulgularerektil disfonksiyon nedeniyle başvuran bir hastada yapılacak ilk incelemedehormonal incelemenin tedaviye ek katkısının çok olmayacağını göstermektedir.Hormonal incelemeler iyi bir anemnez ve fizik muayeneyi takiben sadece gerekliolgularda istenmelidir.

BÖLÜM 7 ÖZET EREKTİL DİSFONKSİYONUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİNDE HORMONAL İNCELEMENİN GEREKLİLİĞİ AMAÇLAR: Erektil Disfonksiyon nedeniyle başvuran hastada yapılacak ilk incelemede rutin hormonal değerlendirmenin yapılıp yapılmaması yüksek maliyet nedeniyle tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada kliniğimize başvuran ve hormonal inceleme yapılan hastalara bu incelemelerin katkısı araştırıldı. YÖNTEM-GEREÇLER: Pokliniğimize başvuran ve hormonal değerlendirme düşünülen hastalarda FSH, LH, Prolaktin ve Testosteron seviyelerinden en az ikisine bakılarak incelemeler yapıldı. Hormonal bozukluk oranlan tespit edilerek bu bozukluların hasta yaşı ile korele olup olmadığına bakıldı. Ayrıca bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda tedavide farklı bir uygulamanın yapılıp yapılmadığı tespit edildi. BULGULAR: Ortalama yaşı 46,1 olan 356 hastanın 227'sine (% 63,8) hormonal inceleme yapıldı. FSH yüksekliği % 9.5 (20/221), LH yüksekliği % 7,1 (16/224), prolaktin yüksekliği % 4.7 (10/211) ve testosteron düşüklüğü % 3.7 (7/191) hastada tespit edildi. FSH ve LH ile yaş arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon, prolaktin ile yaş arasında negatif korelasyon görülürken testesteron ile yaş arasında korelasyon tespit edilmedi. Prolaktin yüksekliği olan 10 hastanın 1 tanesi daha önceden hipofiz adenomu tanısı almış ve tedavi edilmekteydi. Diğer 9 hastada prolaktin değerleri normal sınırın 2 katını geçmediğinden endokrinoloji bilim dalı tarafından ek incelemeye gerek görülmedi. Testosteron düşüklüğü olan 7 hastadan libido azalması olan 2 tanesine testosteron replasmanı yapılırken diğer 5 tanesine gerek görülmedi ve tüm hastalara erektil disfonksiyona yönelik tedaviler uygulandı. SONUÇLAR: Bu bulgular erektil disfonksiyon nedeniyle başvuran bir hastada yapılacak ilk incelemede hormonal incelemenin tedaviye ek katkısının çok olmayacağını göstermektedir. Hormonal incelemeler iyi bir anemnez ve fizik muayeneyi takiben sadece gerekli olgularda istenmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Testosteron, erektil disfonksiyon 38 BOLUM 8 SUMMARY NECESSITY OF ENDOCRINE SCREENING IN MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION OBJECTIVES: Due to the high cost of routine hormonal investigation^ is as issue of debate whether it should be performed as a first line investigation method in patients with erectile dysfunction or notin this study, the contribution of these hormonal investigations to the patients who applied for erectile dysfunction was investigated. METHODS: Investigations were performed in patients who applied to our andrology clinic and in whom hormonal causes were suspected, by looking at least two of the FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone levels. The rates of hormonal disturbances and their correlation with age were determined. Additionally, whether any modification was performed or not according to the results of these tests was noted. RESULTS: Hormonal investigation was performed in 227(63.8%) of 356 patients. The increased levels of FSH,LH,prolactin and decreased level of testosterone were seen in 9.5%(20/221),7.1% (16/224),4.7%(10/21 1) and 3.7%(7/191) of the patients.There was a positive correlation between FSH and LH and age,a negative correlation between prolactin and age,and no correlation between testosterone and age. One of the 1 0 patients with prolactin increase had been diagnosed and been receiving treatment for hypophysis adenoma. Since the level of prolactin was not twice the normal level no further examination was requested in the remaining 9 patients by the endocrinologists. Testosterone replacement was given in two of 7 patients with decreased libido. In the remaining 5 patients no replacement was needed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that performing the hormonal investigation as a first line investigation in an erectile dysfunction patient does not contribute to the treatment additionally. Hormonal investigations should be performed after detailed history and physical examination and only in necessary cases. Keywords: Testosterone, Erectile dysfunction 39 50

This was a clinical study investigating the possible relationship between covid 19 infection and spermiogram in male population Objective: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been interest in the impact of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and pandemic-induced social restrictions on male reproductive health. This study aimed to evaluate the spermiogram values of men who presented for infertility during the pandemic compared with the previous 2 years. Methods: Patients who presented to a urology outpatient clinic for the first time due to infertility were included. The patients' age, semen volume, and spermiogram results were recorded. Based on the presentation date, the patients were divided into prepandemic group 1 (March 2018-February 2019), prepandemic group 2 (March 2019-February 2020), and pandemic group (March 2020-February 2021) for comparison. Results: A total of 594 patients were included. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of the number of patients who presented for infertility (207, 190, and 197 patients, respectively; p=0.691). The mean age was 36.6±7.2 in the prepandemic group 1, 35.5±7.1 in the prepandemic group 2, and 33.1±6.3 in the pandemic group. Patients who presented during the pandemic were significantly younger (p

Objective: Donors’ health and safety are mandatory in the living-donor kidney transplantation procedure. Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LLDN) provides an increase in donor numbers with its benefits and becomes a standard of care. We aimed to explain the results, complication rates, tips, and tricks of the largest number of LLDN case series ever performed in the literature. Materials and Methods: Between August 2012 and December 2019, 2,477 live donor case files were analyzed retrospectively. Age, gender, hospitalization times, body mass index, warm ischemia times, operation times, numbers of arteries, side of the kidneys, and complications were noted. Results: 1,421 (57.4%) of 2,477 donors were female (p = 0.007). Operation times and warm ischemia times were found longer in right-sided LLDN and donors with multiple renal arteries (p = 0.046, 30 kg/m2) did not affect warm ischemia times while prolonging the operation times (p = 0.013). Hospitalization times and numbers of complications were higher in obese donors. Conclusions: LLDN seems to be a reliable solution with fewer complications and higher satisfaction rates. We hope to illuminate the way with tips and trick points for beginner transplant surgeons based on the experience obtained from 2,477 LLDN cases.

The Importance of Early Diagnosis and Tumor Size in Testicular Cancers WOS:000861224700001

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are used as first-line treatment for many psychiatric diseases, especially major depressive disorder. However, an important side effect of these drugs is the risk of bleeding due to platelet dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hematuria in patients using SSRI/SNRIs and to compare with a control group. Methods: This study included patients who were followed up and treated with SSRI/SNRI in the psychiatric outpatient clinic of the Antalya Medical Park Hospital between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2021 and a control group comprising patients who presented to the medical check-up outpatient clinic between the same dates. Complete urinalysis was performed for all patients and the results were compared between the groups. Results: Each group included 100 patients with a female/male ratio of 1. The mean age was 41.45 ± 13.47 (16-74) years in the study group and 40.51 ± 13.75 (20-70) years in the control group (p = 0.519). Mean duration of SSRI/SNRI use in the study group was 13.35 ± 1.32 (1-64) months. The prevalence of hematuria was 17% in the SSRI/SNRI group and 6% in the control group (p = 0.015). All cases of hematuria were microscopic hematuria. Conclusion: Hematuria is significantly more common in patients receiving SSRI/SNRI treatment. The use of SSRI/SNRI should also be taken into account when investigating the etiology of hematuria. 35243962

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the A.F. Genital System (Liofilchem®, Italy) in detecting pathogens compared with multiplex real- time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in men with acute urethritis. Men diagnosed as having acute urethritis between 1 April 2021 and 31 December 2021 were included. Urethral swab samples were ob-tained for A.F. Genital System and PCR testing in a randomly determined order. The efficacy of the A.F. Genital System was analysed by comparing the results of the two tests. The study included 83 patients (mean age 34.1 ± 11.3 years). A urethritis patho-gen was detected in 69 patients (83.1%) by PCR and only 15 patients (18.1%) with the A.F. Genital System. The sensitivity of the A.F. Genital System in detecting acute urethritis pathogens was 21.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.6– 32.8), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI: 78.5– 100). Its sensitivity was 20% (95% CI: 7.1– 45.2) in the diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis and 19.1% (95% CI: 11.2– 30.4) in the diagnosis of non- gonococcal urethritis. PCR detected two or more urethritis pathogens in 9 patients (13.0%), while no polymicrobial infection was detected with the A.F. Genital System. Based on the results of multiplex real- time PCR, the A.F. Genital System had very low sensitivity in the detection of pathogens in acute male urethritis. It should be kept in mind that using this test in patients with acute urethritis may result in a high missed diagnosis rate for urethritis pathogens. WOS:000745470000001 35064690 Q3