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Introduction: Many drugs are irritating to the gastric mucosa and induce gastric erosion and when these side effects are coupled with additional parameters, such as bacterial infection, stress, and gastric pH, these together induce gastric ulcer. The present study aimed to evaluate the gastric erosion effects of chloroquine using mice models. Methods: A total of 20 mice were used for this study, divided into two groups of 10 each; the control group was administered only standard food and water, and the chloroquine group was given standard food with water with additional chloroquine solution of 1.2 mg/kg daily orally for a month. The stomachs were dissected and sliced for histological staining and analysis. Results: Chloroquine has remarkably induced tissue degeneration and villi sloughing alongside white blood cell infiltration with patchy areas of stomach erosion compared to the normal architecture of the stomach tissue of the control group. Conclusion: Chloroquine-induced gastric erosion with potential involvement of the many regions of the stomach reaching deep tissue layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition that needs primary care. It is increased with age and is more prevalent in females. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed biochemically, being overt primary hypothyroidism defined as serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations above and thyroxin concentrations below the normal reference range. Methods: For this purpose, 180 subjects (40 control groups and 70 patients with hypothyroidism underwent treatment for 3 months) were selected for the study. The study materials were registered from the laboratories in Kirkuk city. Results: The results are summarized in the following points: zinc-α2-glycoprotein was highly significantly increased (p<0.001) in hypothyroid patients compared to the control group, according to before and after treatment. Serum Level of Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) was non significantly difference (0.852) in hypothyroid patients compared to the control group, according to before and after treatment. Serum Level of Human TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase) in Women was significantly difference (0.0001 significant) in hypothyroid patients compared to the control group, according to before and after treatment. The parameters of Thyroid hormones TSH, T3 and T4 were highly significantly increased (p<0.001) in the serum of hypothyroid patients compared to the control group, according to before and after treatment. Conclusions: Zinc-α2-glycoprotein levels were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism, and no significant differences in IMA levels before and after treatment with levothyroxine in hypothyroid patients, indicating that the differences in IMA levels were due to hypothyroidism itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The oral microbiota of people with diabetes may be disturbed by oxygen tension, pH, redox potential, and latent nutrient supply in the microbial environment may influence changes in the microbiome. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and types of lactobacilli spp in chronic diabetic periodontitis, along with their effect on Biochemical and anti-inflammatory markers in saliva. Methods: This case-control study encompassed 100 participants recruited from patients who visited Kirkuk College of Dentistry outpatient dental clinics. The participants were categorized into two groups: 50 patients have chronic periodontitis with confirmed diabetes mellitus and a control group with diabetes but without periodontitis, as judged by their; Williams Index, Plaque Index and Gingival Index. For both groups, we measured salivary Fetuin-A, Ceruloplasmin, and Preptin and we cultured saliva samples for six Lactobacillus species. Result: The patient group showed improved plaque control (P < 0.001) according to the Plaque Index. Moreover, the Gingival Index indicated heightened inflammation in the patient group (P < 0.001), as did the Pocket Probing Depth (P < 0.001), signifying deeper periodontal pockets. Furthermore, the patient group has shown significant attachment loss in the patient group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study highlighted the nexus between diabetes Mellitus Lactobacillus species prevalence improving our understanding of the disease pathology and subsequent contribution in oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica is the property of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica is the property of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nephrotoxicity is one of the complications of methotrexate treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Methotrexate-Induced kidney injury in Rats. To confirm renal damage and the effects of PSO on serum BUN, Scr, and cystatin C were measured. Additionally, histologlogical changes were identified by H&E staining. Animals were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): saline/vehicle, saline/ methotrexate 20 mg/kg, and methotrexate /PSO 100 mg/kg. Nephrotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by oral administration of methotrexate (20 mg/ kg/day) for 10 consecutive days. PSO administration in methotrexate-intoxicated rats caused in nephroprotective effects as evidenced by the significant reduce in levels of serum urea, creatinine and cystatin-C compared to nephrotoxic untreated rats. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effects of PSO. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PSO administration markedly decreased the methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The functional deterioration of salivary glands is a consequence of a wide range of factors and significantly interfered with life quality. Desloratadine (an antihistamine) is among the drugs listed to cause dry mouth; however, its effect on major salivary gland tissues has not been well studied. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of desloratadine treatment on parotid gland tissues, histological features, and their impact on serum oxidative and antioxidant markers. Materials and methods: Thirty rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups (each containing ten rats). Group A: control rats. Group B and C have received desloratadine at dose 0.142 and 0.245 mg/kg of body weight respectively for three weeks. After three weeks, serum levels of sialic acid, malondialdehyde, catalase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, creatin kinase, and glutathione were estimated for three groups. Then, animals were sacrificed and five µm formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were prepared routinely from parotid glands for histological evaluation under light microscope. Results: The histological evaluation of salivary gland tissues in both treated-groups was revealed a remarkable cytoplasmic vacuolization, atrophy, and degranulation in acinic cells. The serous acinar cells were showed autolysis and nuclear changes (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis). There was an increase in the interstitial spaces between each parenchymal element associated with few mononuclear cell infiltrations. The intra-lobular ducts were reduced in size and were indistinct throughout lobes. The severe changes were associated with higher desloratadine dose. Regarding biochemical analysis, the treated-groups had significantly increased serum levels of malondialdehyde, sialic acid, lactate dehydrogenase and creatin kinase, and significantly reduced serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. Conclusion: Desloratadine administration produces noticeable histological changes in a dosedependent manner associated with increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective:Breast cancer is a heterogeneous cancer with diverse clinical symptoms and an ambiguous molecular spectrum. This study is designed to determine level changes in the leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and adiponectin in sera of breast cancer patients. Blood samples were obtained from all women with PCOS and healthy between 8 and 11 AM, after fasting overnight. Serum leptin, and ghrelin, chemerin, adiponectin concentrations were analyzed by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assaykit. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation of serum TSP-1, chemerin, andadiponectin concentration have increased significantly in patients with BC (16.1±8.87 vs 8.169±4.60 ng/ml), (261 ± 83.3 vs 536 ± 94.6μg/l: P < 0.001), and (9 ± 1.82 vs 20.4± 2.1: P<0.001) respectively than in the control group. The mean and standard deviation of leptin, and ghrelin in patients with BC were (27.6±3.4 vs 42±4.6ng/ ml: P<0.001), and (336.2±80.97 vs155±57.4 ng/mL) respectively while it was 42±4.6ng/ml: P<0.001), and (155±57.4 ng/mL)in the control group. It was significantly higher in people who had breast cancer than in the healthy group (P<0.001). Conclusion:The serum Leptin, and Ghrelin, chemerin, adiponectin may have a potential role as a biomarker in the pathogenesis, development, and metastasis of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the most prevalent diseases of human societies, especially in Iraq. Despite all advances that have been made so far, hemodialysis with all its complications is being applied as the novel treatment strategy for such individuals.Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional secreted glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in and inflammatory process. Our aim was to ascertain whether circulating osteopontin,sialic acid,and NO levels are altered in patients with CRF before and after dialysis. Design and Methods: A total of 126 patients with HD were enrolled in this study. Serum OPN levels were measured using a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Osteopontin and Sialic acid levels were significantly higher in haemodialysed CKD patients than predialysed CKD patients and normal healthy controls. The levels of NO was significantly lower in CRF patients pre HD when compared with healthy controls and significantly increased in post HD as compared to pre HD. Conclusion: In our study, OPN SA, NO were found to be a valuable marker of severity of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study is to verify the hypothesis that salivary and serum lipocalin-2 and visfatin, and vitamin (D,C, and E) used as indicators for chronic periodontitis among DMT2 patients. Subjects and methods: We enrolled 41 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis -18 males and 23 females, aged 60± 14 years and 49 controls- 26 males and 23 females, aged 61.8 ± 12.5 years. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast and routine biochemical parameters such as glucose, lipocalin-2 and visfatin, and vitamin (D,C, and E)were determined in all samples. Data were considered significant at a level of p < 0.05.Periodontitis status was established using classic clinical parameters, Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: 1) The mean serum of blood glucose, Visfatin, and LCN2 were higher in patients group than in those with normal control group (P<0.001 for all comparisons) ; 2) patients with had a lower Vitamin D,C, and E than those with a normal group (P < 0.001 for all comparisons).Conclusions: The activity of lipocalin-2 and visfatin in saliva and serum can be useful in diagnosis, monitorization and treatment of this disease. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of lipocalin-2 and visfatin in periodontitis and systemic disease interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Free radicals play an effective role in the pathogenesis of different pathological diseases together with cancer which is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide and the main aim of this study was to estimate the of Thrombospondin (TSP-1),TAS, malondialdehyde (MDA), Paraoxonase(PON- 1), and arylesterase (ARE),selenium (SE), and G6PD as antioxidant capability in breast cancer patients and to compare with apparently healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 150 subjects were recruited which included 75 patients (age range 25 to 45 years) with BC attending the Kirkuk Teaching Hospital ( Kirkuk province), were enrolled in this study, in a period from 15 December 2019 to 20 March 2020.and 75 controls (age and sex matched). The analysis of covariance was used to identify any significant differences and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The activity of TSP-1, PON-1,ARE, SE, and TAS were significantly lower in patients compared to control group. The level of MDA, and G6PD were significantly higher in patients versus the healthy group. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients demonstrate raised oxidative stress compared to healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress are incriminated to play a central role in the pathological processes that lead to neuronal degeneration inpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients & Methods: This research study was mainly concerned with observing the changes in serum biochemical parameters including thyroid hormone (tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), thyroidstimulating hormone(TSH), and antioxidants enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CAT(catalase), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status(TAS), and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)) in the serum samples of the patients with AD (n=54) and compared with control subjects (n=54). Results: The statistical significance was evaluated by Student's t-test, Correlation-Coefficient test. All Values are given as mean ± SD. Serum T3, T4, TAS, GSH, SOD, G6PD, and catalase levels were decreased, whereas serum TSH, and MDA levels were increased in the study group compared to controls though statistically significant (P < 0.05). TSH showed a significant positive correlation with T4, MDA, Cat, and TAS, whereas inverse correlation with T3, G6PD, SOD, GSH, and GPx in AD patients. Conclusions: it could be suggested that increased TSH, whereas decreased T3 and T4 has a role in AD development and oxidative stress may exacerbate the condition. Oxidative stress as one of the risk factors, which can initiate and/or promote neurodegeneration in AD and was correlated to the severity of the disease. Therefore, further prospective studies with larger number of patients are required to strengthen the observations of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kirkuk University Journal for Scientific Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kirkuk University Journal for Scientific Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Oxidative stress is associated with the development of several disorders including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Among conditions known to influence oxidative stress, the use of oral contraception (OC) in women has been a matter of ongoing discussion. The aim of the study report to evaluate the impact of oral contraceptive formulation containing 30 mg oestrogen (ethyloestradiol) and 1 mg progestin (norethisterone acetate) on lipid peroxidation, GPx, SOD, and catalase levels. Patients & Methods: The present study was conducted in Family planning in Salahalddin Teaching Hospital in Tikrit province during the period from Feb 2016 until March 2017, Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and , malondialdehyde (MDA), Super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were estimated in 50 women who were using oral contraceptives for at least 1 year. Fifty- contraceptive users participated in the study as a control group. They were drawn from the same population and matched for age with the contraceptive-users group. Results: The serum level of MDA, and GPx was significantly higher in women were using oral contraceptive than control group(11.872 ± 1.13 μM vs. 9.148 ± 1.179 μM respectively, 45.140 U/g Hb ±2.265 vs. 29.86 U/g Hb ±2.31 ) respectively . On the other hand the serum SOD, catalase values in women using oral contraceptives were significantly lower than control group.( 2.72 U/L ± 0.479 vs. 3.5599 U/L ± 0.496 , 22.452 K/ml ± 2.045 vs. 26.370 K/ml ± 1.523 ) respectively. Conclusion: Oral contraceptive pills showed a significant decreasing effect on the antioxidant status of its users .Routine monitoring of the antioxidant status of women on oral contraceptive is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and signs of volume overload, which may include peripheral edema and pulmonary rules. Aim: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the alterations in different biochemical parameters including leptin, Adiponectin, ghrelin, Ceruloplasmin , concentration in patients with congestive heart failure. Patients and Methods: The total of 60 patients (19 Males and 11 Females) were enrolled in this study, 30 of them with congestive heart failure (study group) and 30 with apparently healthy subjects (13Males and 17 Females) ( control group). Results: The levels of leptin, ceruloplasmin, copper, and sialic acid , TNF- α, and CRP were significantly elevated in patients group, while adiponectin , ghrelin, Vitamin C and E were significantly lower in patients group compared to control group, there was positive correlation between leptin with adiponectin and ghrelin , adiponectin with ghrelin, Vitamin C with E ,ceruloplasmin with copper in congestive heart failure patients. Conclusions: Serum leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin are biomarkers for and correlated to CHF not only in the role they might play in the pathogenesis of the disease but also in their severity. Serum ceruloplasmin, copper, and sialic acid, levels, may serve as prognostic indicators in patients with CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate the effects castor seeds (Ricinus Communis) on the ovary functions and characters of female rabbits. The study conducted on 20 of adult rabbit. Animals divided into four groups, each group 5 animals. Group (I) served as control group and received distilled water only, while group (II) has been set as treated orally with castor oil (0.5 ml\BW for 15 days), group (III) has been treated with1 ml\BW castor oil for 15 days, and the forth group treated with 5 ml\BW twice daily. The second group showed loss of weight, diarrhea, loss stamina, dehydration, histopathologically showed destruction of all layer of ovary and present of necrosis in the cell third group showed identical clinical sign compared to the group (II) and histopathologically showed necrosis, while forth groups death after 6 day due to high doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]