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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Palatine tonsils are lymphoid organs in the oropharynx part of the waldeyer's ring and serve as host defence organs with maximum immunological activity from 3-10 years. Tonsillectomy is associated with considerable postoperative pain and requires significant consumption of analgesia. This study aimed to determine effect of topically suffused 0.5% bupivacaine on postoperative tonsillectomy pain. RESULTS One hundred & twenty (120) patients with 61 males and 60-patients in each group with age range of 5-15 years (Group-A=8.63±2.63 and Group-B=8.32±6.60 in). Mean BMI of Group-A and group-B was 15.18±1.60 and 14.96±1.34 respectively (p=0.417). Mean pain score in group-A and group-B was 2.63±0.938 and 6.07±0.800 respectively (p

Background: Anatomical position of sphenoid sinus, sellar and parasellar regions are located in the skull base having difficulty to approach due to presence of vital structures in its proximity. The presence of carotid artery and optic nerve in its lateral wall make the situation difficult due to lack of illumination and visual limitation. In the past traditional techniques to approach this region like external ethmoidectomy, transseptal transsphenoidal routes were used causing significant trauma, bleeding and risk of possible complication in skull base region. Aim: to access the efficacy and safety of the endonasal endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus Method: This study was done in the department of ENT Shaikh Zayed hospital Lahore, 33 patients who were diagnosed to have lesions involving sphenoid sinus. Detailed history, thorough ENT examination, relative investigations were done and all were managed naso-endoscopically. Results: The review of these cases showed that the endoscopic technique was found to have the advantages of being minimally invasive with no external incisions. There is less trauma to the patient, no need for operating microscope or intraoperative image intensifier. Conclusion: The conclusion of our study showed that naso-endoscopes are excellent tools for better visualization due to availability of different angled scopes and good illumination. The disease is better assessed and cleared identifying landmarks with quicker postoperative recovery and lesser overall morbidity. Over the last few years, endoscopic approach to these regions has gained much popularity because of advances in optics, endoscopes and illumination. Keywords: Endoscopic sinus surgery, sphenoid sinus

Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest has a key role in diagnosis COVID-19, as it provides specific imaging features, i.e., bilateral, peripheral and sub-pleural, ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and many associated findings. Aim: To provide the detailed chest HRCT findings along with clinical information in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology SZPGMI, Lahore. Information on clinical data, chest radiography appearance and comorbidities were recorded ona designed proforma. HRCT chest findings were recorded in terms of pattern, distribution, laterality, and other findings. HRCT chest severity was calculated using a 25 point CT severity score. Kendall’s Tau test applied to investigate the correlation between the severity of HRCT chest with clinical severity levels of COVID-19. Results: Fever (74%) was the most reported presenting symptom, followed by dry cough (70%). The majority of patients had abnormal chest X-ray (57%) as well as abnormal HRCT chest (90%). The majority of patients were in mild clinical scoring levels of disease (61%) and mild category (49%) of HRCT chest severity. In majority of the patients (46%), all five pulmonary lobes were involved, whereas the right lower lobe was most frequently affected. The pattern of ground-glass opacity (GGO) was found in 82% of patients. Most common distribution was ‘peripheral’, reported in 90% patients. Multiple lobe involvement was found in 82% of patients. The unilateral pulmonary involvement was observed in 12% of patients, whereas, bilateral was found in 78% of patients. Reticulations were reported in 22% followed by atelectasis in 18% patients. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients usually present with abnormal HRCT chest, mostly with a benign course. Multiple pulmonary lobes are commonly involved, especially basal lobes with ground glass opacities. Clinical severity of the disease is reflected in HRCT findings. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, HRCT Chest Findings, Ground Glass Opacity (GGO), Consolidation

We present an unusual case of foreign body (sewing needle) in a young man, who swallowed it with bolus of food. It penetrated through soft palate into parapharyngeal space, detected with image intensifier and removed successfully. Postoperative course remained uneventful.