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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are extremely valuable in veterinary and human medicine due to their potential application in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to isolate, differentiate and characterize bovine MSCs (bMSCs) from fetal adnexa including amniotic fluid (AF) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) of Nili -Ravi buffalo during the second trimester. After slaughtering of the animals, pregnant uteri (n=3) were retrieved and properly disinfected before bMSC isolation. The cells from AF were isolated by centrifugation at 400g for 10 minutes, while from WJ by enzymatic digestion with trypsin-EDTA (0.05%). The isolated cells were studied for their plastic adherence, phenotype identification, metabolic activity and in vitro differentiation ability. The isolated AF and WJ bMSCs were fibroblast-like cells in their phenotype, adhered to plastic, showed similar metabolic potential and population doubling time (PDT), but proliferative activity was initially higher (P<0.05) in WJ-bMSCs. When appropriately induced, both cell types showed mesodermal differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages which was further affirmed by immunolocalization of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and osteopontin (OST), respectively. However, image analysis revealed that the osteogenic activity of WJ-bMSCs was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of AF-bMSCs. MSC surface markers (CD73 and CD90) were also positively expressed by both cell types. The study showed that the fetal adnexa of buffalo is a rich source of MSCs for culture and has robust differentiation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to explicate the age-related anatomical variations in the digestive system of dromedaries that might be very much helpful to understand its unique ability to digest different forages very efficiently than other ruminants. Digestive system organs were collected from 14 clinically healthy dromedaries of two age groups: young (1-2 years) or adult (>5 years) animals, after slaughtering for dissection and measurements. Before measuring and weighing various gastrointestinal sections, the mesentery, adipose tissue, and lymph nodes were removed. Studied parameters of upper digestive system included length and thickness of upper and lower lip along with philtrum, esophageal length and diameter. Furthermore, measurements of compound stomach viz rumino-reticulum length, height, diagonal and pillar thickness, both curvatures (dorsal and ventral), omasal and abomasum height, length and weight were also recorded. Lengths of the small and large intestines (small and large colon) were determined while containing digesta and morphological characters of liver (height, length and weight) were also estimated. An allometric regression model; Y (Model) = β (B.wt) x α was applied for bodyweight relation with digestive tract followed by analysis of means variance to compare the young and adult camels. Statistical analysis of anatomical parameters revealed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the adult as compared to young dromedary group except the thickness of both (upper and lower) lip and philtrum for which non-significant (P>0.05) trend was recorded. Absolute weights of each organ were proved positively related to body weight, however, the relative weights were found negatively related to body weight. The age-related changes in the digestive system are obvious but quantification of these parameters may have a pivotal role to understand camel's unique and efficient digestive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In regenerative biology, the most commonly used cells are adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). This is due to the abundance and easy accessibility of AD-MSCs., Methods: In this study, canine AD-MSCs were harvested from different anatomical locations, i.e., subcutaneous (SC), omental (OM), and perirenal (PR). Various isolation techniques namely explants (TRT-I), collagenase-digestion (TRT-II), collagenase-digested explants (TRT-III), and trypsin-digested explants (TRT-IV) were used to segregate the MSCs to evaluate cell doubling time, viability, and adipogenic/osteogenic lineage differentiation potential., Results: The study showed that the SC stem cells had superior growth kinetics compared to other tissues, while the cells isolated through TRT-II performed better than the other cell isolation procedures. The metabolic status of cells isolated from dog adipose tissue indicated that all cells had adequate metabolic rates. However, SC-MSCs derived from TRT-III and TRT-IV outperformed those derived from TRT-I and TRT-II. The differentiation analysis revealed that cells differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineage regardless of treatment, as demonstrated by positive oil red O (ORO) and Alizarin Red S (ALZ) stain. It is worth mentioning that cells derived from TRT-III had larger and more intracellular droplets compared to the other treatments. The TRT-I, -II, and -III showed greater osteogenic differentiation in cells isolated from PR and OM regions compared to SC-derived cells. However, the TRT-IV resulted in better osteogenic differentiation in cells from SC, followed by the OM and PR-derived cells., Conclusion: It is concluded that all methods of MSCs isolation from adipose tissues are successful; however, the TRT-II had the highest rate of cell re-assortment from the SC, while, TRT-II and -IV are most suitable for isolating cells from PR and OM adipose tissue., Competing Interests: None., (AJSC Copyright © 2024.)