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Anatomical considerations and risks related to x-ray exposure make atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ablation in pediatric patients a concerning procedure. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of performing fluoroless slow-pathway cryoablation guided by the electroanatomic (EA) mapping in children and adolescents.Twenty-one consecutive patients (mean age 13.5 ± 2.4 years) symptomatic for AVNRT were prospectively enrolled to right atrium EA mapping and electrophysiological study prior to cryoablation. Cryoablation was guided by slow-pathway potential and performed using a 4-mm-tip catheter.Sustained slow-fast AVNRT was inducible in all the patients with a dual AV nodal physiology in 95%. Acute success was achieved in 100% of the patients with a median of two cryo-applications. Fluoroless ablation was feasible in 19 patients, while in two subjects 50 seconds and 45 seconds of x-ray were needed due to difficult progression of the catheters along the venous system. After a mean follow-up of 25 months, AVNRT recurred in five patients. All the recurrences were successfully treated with a second procedure. In three patients, a fluoroless cryoablation with a 6-mm-tip catheter was successfully performed, while in the remaining two patients, a single pulse of 60 seconds of radiofrequency energy was applied under fluoroscopic monitoring. No complications occurred.Combination of EA mapping systems and cryoablation may allow to perform fluoroless slow-pathway ablation for AVNRT in children and adolescents in the majority of patients. Fluoroless slow-pathway cryoablation showed a high efficacy and safety comparable to conventional fluoroscopy guided procedures.

Se realizó un estudio para determinar las especies de garrapata presentes en bovinos del municipio de Tumaco en el sur de la Costa Pacífica colombiana. El estudio identificó los especímenes recolectados en 2 períodos diferentes. En el primer período se tomaron 10 especímenes de garrapata de bovino en cada uno de los 48 predios visitados. En el segundo período, se tomaron las garrapatas presentes en 3 bovinos de cada una de 26 fincas. Adicionalmente se incluyeron unos pocos especímenes de equino. De un total de 1916 garrapatas de bovino examinadas, 1915 (99.94 por ciento) eran de la especie Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), mientras que sólo un especímen (0.06 por ciento) fue identificado como Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens (Neumann). Todas las 84 garrapatas colectadas en equinos correspondieron a esta última especie (D. nitens) Ganadería bovina

El propósito de este estudio fue estimar las pérdidas económicas causadas por un brote de cólera porcino (peste porcina clásica) en una explotación comercial de Palmira, Valle del Cauca, dedicada a la cría, levante y ceba. El brote se inició el 19 de agosto de 1984 y terminó el 13 de septiembre del mismo año, habiéndose reducido el inventario de 607 a 52 cabezas. Las pérdidas económicas se evaluaron con base en: muerte de animales y venta de cerdos sin llegar a peso de matadero y de carne en canal, a precios inferiores a los existentes en el mercado. Para la estimación de las pérdidas se calcularon los ingresos reales percibidos por la venta de animales en pie y de carne en canal (situación 1) en la fecha del brote; los ingresos esperados, si se hubiesen vendido los animales en pie a precios de mercado (situación 2) y a precios de granja (situación 3); y los ingresos esperados, si no se hubiera presentado la enfermedad (situación 4). Posteriormente se compararon estas situaciones entre sí para estimar los ingresos brutos y netos dejados de percibir en relación con la situación 1, los cuales fueron del 33.8 y 19.7 por ciento para los ingresos brutos, y del 76.4 y 43.4 por ciento para los ingresos netos en las situaciones 2 y 3, respectivamente. Si se hubiesen vendido los animales en las épocas y pesos corporales previstos (situación 4), se habría recibido un ingreso bruto adicional de 98.2 por ciento del percibido en la situación 1. El ingreso neto dejado de recibir por la presentación del brote, se estimó en $5'448.140, sin considerar el lucro cesante por la desocupación temporal de la porqueriza. This paper was directed to estimate economic losses origined by a swine fever outbreak in a commercial firm of Palmira (Valle del Cauca), working in growing and finishing phases. Outbreak began in august 19 of 1984 and finished in september 13 of the same year; the stock of animals reduced from 607 to 52 pigs. Economics losses were calculated based on: a) dead animals; and b) selling of swine and carcase at lower prices than market price. To estimate the losses it was calculated: real income actually received for the sale of animals and carcass (situation one) at the outbreak date; income expected if animals would have been sold at market price This paper was directed to estimate economic losses origined by a swine fever outbreak in a commercial firm of Palmira (Valle del Cauca), working in growing and finishing phases. Outbreak began in august 19 of 1984 and finished in september 13 of the same year; the stock of animals reduced from 607 to 52 pigs. Economics losses were calculated based on: a) dead animals; and b) selling of swine and carcase at lower prices than market price. To estimate the losses it was calculated: real income actually received for the sale of animals and carcass (situation one) at the outbreak date; income expected if animals would have been sold at market price. Porcicultura

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ L'insegnamento della filosofia e il dovere del'impossibile ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In AA.VV. Filosofia e Sociedad. Perspectivas para o Ensino da filosofia, pp. 27-51, Ijuf ed. Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2007 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Il Brasile ha avviato da anni un piano di ingresso dell'insegnamento della filosofia nella scuola dell'obbligo ed in corrispondenza un'alleanza di sapere tra Università e Scuola. L'apertura ai modelli europei è in funzione di un confronto finalizzato. Il contributo rappresentato dal testo è sul dovere della scuola dell'obbligo e sul dovere della filosofia. Da una parte l'obbligo formativo dell'istruzione, dall'altra l'obbligo di educazione alla cittadinanza. La filosofia è perciò riguardata come sapere delle relazioni ovvero come educazioni ai sentimenti comuni che sostengono la società. La filosofia è cosi sottratta allo stereotipo della definizione di "amore del sapere", per risalire all'etimo greco della parola che la significa come sapere saggiante (sofia) il legame più caro (filia) ciò che rende possibile la costituzione etica della società come relazione di appartenenza. Grande importanza viene perciò data al rapporto tra logoi e luoghi ovvero tra immagine del discorso ed espressione dei luoghi. La filosofia opera nella cura delle condizioni che rendano possibile la vita in un relazione di esistenza che ne favorisce il pieno sviluppo. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Indice Luoghi e logoi / Corrispondenze / Parmenide Bach / Prima / Di luogo in luogo / Sostenere la verità / Filosofia / Il dovere della scuola / La relazione insegnante / L'innocenza della verità / Inegnare filosofia Abstract ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The teaching of philosophy and duty del'impossibile In AA.VV. Philosophy and Sociedad. Perspectivas para o Ensino from philosophy, pp. 27-51, and Ijuf. Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2007 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Brazil promoted in recent years the star up of philosophy in school and an alliance of knowledge between universities and schools. The contribution represented by the text speech the duty of compulsory education and the duty of philosophy. On the one hand, the task of the school to learn the knowledge, the other the philosophy as citizenship education. Philosophy is therefore regarded as knowledge of relations or education as common feelings that sustain society. The philosophy is so removed from the stereotype of the definition of "love of knowledge," to trace the etymology of the greek word that means knowing sapient (sofia) the link more important (filia) what makes possible the establishment of society. Great importance is thus given to the ratio between image of speech (logo) and situation. The philosophy works in the treatment of conditions that make life possible in a report there that encourages the full development. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Index Places and logoi / Correspondence / Parmenides Bach / Before / From place to place / Uphold the truth / Philosophy / The duty of the school / The teaching relation / The innocence of truth / Teaching philosophy