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Green chemistry is a pharmaceutical industry tool, which, when implemented correctly, can lead to a minimization in resource consumption and waste. An aqueous extract of Salix alba L. was employed for the efficient and rapid synthesis of silver/gold particle nanostructures via an inexpensive, nontoxic and eco-friendly procedure. The nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the best stability of up to one year in the solution obtained for silver nanoparticles without any chemical additives. A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of silver/gold nanoparticles and their formulations (hydrogels, ointments, aqueous solutions) showed that both metallic nanoparticles have antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, with silver-based hydrogels having particularly high antibiofilm efficiency. The highest antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when using silver nanoparticle hydrogels, with antibiofilm efficacies of over 75% registered. The hydrogels incorporating green nanoparticles displayed a 200% increased bacterial efficiency when compared to the controls and their components. All silver nanoparticle formulations were ecologically obtained by "green synthesis" and were shown to have an antimicrobial effect or potential as keratinocyte-acting pharmaceutical substances for ameliorating infectious psoriasis wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mebendazole (MBZ) is a wide-spectrum antihelmintic drug and, more recently, has proven to be active in various types of cancer. In both cases, its efficacy is limited by insufficient bioavailability due to its very low solubility and inadequate release kinetics. This paper presents the preparation and in vitro availability of solid dispersions of MBZ and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, which were combined with Ludiflash as a disintegrant and croscarmellose as a superdisintegrant in tablets, by direct compression processing technology. The release was determined in simulated intestinal fluid, and the kinetics were analyzed using square root, Noyes-Whitney, Peppas, and Weibull models. An improvement of release in a simulated intestinal medium has been achieved due to the formation of solid dispersion and presence of disintegrants, leading to tablet disintegration in about 15 min in the case of 1: 1 solid dispersion and between 30 min and 1 h in the case of 1: 2.5 solid dispersion. The amount of MBZ released was approximately 60% in 3 h for the 1: 1 dispersion, 100% for the 1: 2.5 dispersion, and only 6% for the tablets without PEG. The release was described well and unitary by square root laws in both pre- and post-disintegration phases. The square root model was argued to describe the release from an "infinite reservoir" (i.e., a generalized square root law, similar to those applied in heat transfer) and not released under the conditions of the Higuchi model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of the research presented in the paper was the obtaining of mebendazole tablets with increased bioavailability. Five solid formulations containing croscarmellose, an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose as superdisintegrant in 1%, 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 % concentrations were prepared by direct compression and characterized in accordance with USP specifications. For the mebendazole quantitative analysis a HPLC method with UV detection was developed and validated. The effect of croscarmellose on rate, extent and mechanism of release of mebendazole from resulted formulations was studied. In vitro release kinetics was evaluated using USP Apparatus 2, in acidic medium (0.1N HCl) containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The release of mebendazole was complete within 120 minutes. Rate and extent of release increased with croscarmellose concentration. The release mechanism was diffusion controlled, application of Higuchi law being excellent both in pre and post-disintegration phases. Peppas and Weibull models proved to be also applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the research was the developing of tablets with increased rate and extent of release of mebendazole in intestine in order to improve its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile. Three solid formulations containing 1%, 2% and 3 % croscarmellose sodium, with superdisintegrant properties were prepared. For the quantitative assay of mebendazole a HPLC-UV method was developed and validated. Bioavailability was estimated by means of the in-vitro release kinetics using USP Apparatus 2, in Fasting State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF). Release of mebendazole in FaSSIF was poor (less than 10 % within 2 hours). Dissolution could be described by Higuchi law and Peppas law in both the swelling phase and post-errosion-disintegration phase, suggesting a diffusion controlled release. Both rate and extent of release increased with concentration of croscarmellose predicting a better bioavailability of mebendazole from the croscarmellose containing tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]