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1. Ethnic and racial differences in children and young people with respiratory and neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an electronic health record-based cohort study from the RECOVER InitiativeResearch in context

Author: Suchitra Rao, Rodrigo Azuero-Dajud, Vitaly Lorman, Jeremy Landeo-Gutierrez, Kyung E. Rhee, Julie Ryu, C. Kim, Megan Carmilani, Rachel S. Gross, Sindhu Mohandas, Srinivasan Suresh, L. Charles Bailey, Victor Castro, Yalini Senathirajah, Shari Esquenazi-Karonika, Shawn Murphy, Steve Caddle, Lawrence C. Kleinman, Leah Castro-Baucom, Carlos R. Oliveira, Jonathan D. Klein, Alicia Chung, Lindsay G. Cowell, Charisse Madlock-Brown, Carol Reynolds Geary, Marion R. Sills, Lorna E. Thorpe, Jacqueline Szmuszkovicz, Kelan G. Tantisira, Ivan Diaz, Rachel Kenny, Parsa Mirhaji, Ravi Jhaveri, Marc Rosenman, Christopher Forrest, Beth Tarini, Hiroki Morizono, Nathan Pajor, W. Schuyler Jones, Kieler Curtis, Rishi Kamaleswaran, Nita Deshpande, Saul Blecker, Claudia Pulgarin, Marion Sills, Erin Hinkman, Dan Fort, Timothy Guthrie, Cynthia Chuang, Wenke Hwang, Dimitri Christakis, Daksha Ranade, Shannon Herring, Aaron Mishkin, Soledad Fernandez, Neena Thomas, Yuriy Bisyuk, Jyotsna Fuloria, Elizabeth Chrischilles, Boyd Knosp, Asa Oxner, Athanasios Tsalatsanis, Lindsay Cowell, Phillip Reeder, Stephen M. Downs, Brian Ostasiewski, Rainu Kaushal, Thomas Campion, Jessica Snowden, Katherine Irby, Paul Darden, Lexie Dixon, Danielle Evans, Connor Garbe, Laura Hobart-Porter, Lee Howard, Kathy Hummel, Hannah Krehbiel, Haley Spradlin, Phaedra Yount, Amy Elliott, Grace Adam, Jyoti Angal, Maria Barber, Katelynne Clark, Clayton Dos Reis, Mandy Freesemann, Christa Friedrich, Christine Hockett, Rachel Johannsen, Emily Johnson-Vonk, Cassidy Kaiser, Alexa Kruse, Jennifer Lang, Peter Lim, Meggie McCoy, Lorie Miller, Shelby Petereit (Cerkovnik), Jaime RiChard (Werpy), Jessica Seiler, Bret Sundleaf, Joshua Svendsen, Billy Trosper, Olivia Vermeulen, Scott Young, Aul Palumbo, Sean Dabney, Marie-Christine Fahrner, Torrey Gallagher, Karilyn Martini, Mary McNally, Sarah Vivensi Stiverson, Jessica Kosut, Venkataraman Balaraman, JoAnn Cheung, Travis K.F. Hong, Shanelle Kalua, Evan Minami, Andrea Siu, Micah Tong, Ronald J. Teufel, II, Andy Atz, Marina Dantas, Tyler Kasmarcak, Kreighton Milks, Judith Ross, Chijoke Ikomi, Marisa Meyer, Connie Nguyen, Gwen Pellicciotti, Thao-Ly Phan, Karen Ravin, Victoria Reynolds, Abigail Strang, Deepika Thacker, Dan Eckrich, Annabelle Goetter, Cheyenne Katz, Karen Kowal, Carol McDevitt, Emily Zimmerman, Genesis Agosto Roman, Akram Alshawabkeh, Ishwara Ayala Ortiz, Virginia Casey, Jose Cordero, Jocelyn De Jesus, Crystal Galan, Gredia Huerta-Montanez, Nilda Otero, Mayra Rivera Robles, Priscilla Roman, Genesis Roman, Zaira Rosario-Pabon, Xiodenis Santiago, Carmen Velez-Vega, Carlos Vergara, Daniel S. Hsia, Baylea Albarado, Tracey Allen, Allison Attuso, Taylor Ayers, Emily Bebler, Grace Bella, Alexa Bennett, John Brown, Alison Carville, Sydnie Darby, Kara Devall, Amber Dragg, Angela Elderedge, Elisabeth Fontenot, Greta Fry, Bethany Gildersleeve, Sara Goff, Lauren Harrington, Lisa Jones, Victoria Kaiser, Yejee Lee, Stephen Lee, Erin LeJeune, Robert Leonhard, Jennifer Levatino, Donald Lewis, Angrielle Lloyd, Ron Monce, Susannah Munro, Meghan Phillips, Blair Pucheu, Emily Rachal, Jennifer Rood, Stacey Roussel, Renee Rumsey, Connor Sanford, Monica Santos, Aryelle Stafford, Amy Thomassie, Celeste Waguespack, Katherine Walgamotte, Meredith Welch, Aubrey Windham, Michelle Stevenson, Tiffany Bell, Jackie Boyd, Soham Dasgupta, Sarah Deans, Katie Harris, Molly Hemmerle, Sarah King, Cameo McGuire, Brie Merten, Sarah Morris, Madison Ray, Brooklyn Reinhardt, Shellese Shemwell, Theresa Simeon, Katherine Walker, Sara Watson, Kathryn Weakley, Russell McCulloh, Johnathon Figliomeni, Laura Fischer, Denise Hoover, Megan Morse, Aleisha Nabower, Evan Roberts, Alice Sato, Joann Von Bon, Hengameh Raissy, David Archuleta, Rebecca Brito, Richard Campbell, Jude Chavez, Walter Dehority, Noella Garcia-Soberanez, Eve Gronert, Matthew Kadish, Jerry Larrabee, Debbie Lovato, Karen Luo, Noah Martinez, Analyse Merlino, Emily Reese, Sarah Ward, Kevin Wilson, Amanda Bogie, Ryan Brown, Ryan Butchee, Gina Fergeson, Ryan McKee, Brandon Mohler, Tiffany Moore, Valorie Owens, Sarah Stubbs, Timothy Van Wagoner, Kelly Cowan, Meghan Bethel, Laurie Chassereau, Thomas Lahiri, Lesley Cottrell, Lauren Lake, Kathy Moffett, Emily Polak, Sarah Stutler, Charlotte Workman, David Warburton, John C. Wood, Emma Carpenter, Isabelle Dhindsa, Samantha Mejia, Nelly Moghadam, Candice Mulder, Sharon O'Neil, Alisha Osornio, Adrian Rios, Sydney Rosen, Andrea Smith, Deeba Tabibi, Sharon Tang, Ariana Teame, Melissa Stockwell, Joshua Milner, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Brett Anderson, Tawanda Aquino, Elizabeth Berg, Marina Catallozzi, Wendy Chung, Tom Connors, Aliva De, Anny Diaz Perez, Michael DiLorenzo, Dani Dumitriu, Kanwal Farooqi, Michael Fremed, Sylvie Goldman, Kayla Kaplan, Usha Krishnan, Aimee Layton, Angela Lignelli-Dipple, Son McClaren, Jonathan Overdevest, Michelle Rodriguez, Jay Selman, Wendy Silver, Raul Silverio, Ana Valdez de Romero, Celibell Vargas, Alan Werzberger, Daniella Caputo, Camille Leggieri, Pamela Pretsch, Lawrence Kleinman, Sunanda Gaur, Lisa Cerracchio, Amber Folnagy, Maria Gennaro, Sherri Gzemski, Yue Hao, Simon Li, Sandee Moroso, Manette Ness-Cochinwala, Akhil Patel, Benjamin Richlin, Harsh Sharma, Damaris Soto, Christian Suarez, Bibiana Vargas Forero, Lynn Olson, Kristin Davis, Alexander Fiks, Miranda Griffith, Donna Harris, Everly Macario, Jennifer Steffes, Alessandra Torres, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Dithi Banerjee, Chris Day, Kelsye Howell, Megan Mains, Juan C. Salazar, William T. Zempsky, Emily Bean, Carlie DeFelice, Hassan El Chebib, Katherine W. Herbst, Stephanie Lesmes, Ian C. Michelow, Melissa Santos, Noah Schulman, Wilson D. Pace, Alicia Brooks-Greien, Karinne Colin, Christina M. Hester, Ariadna Juarez-Colunga, Brian Manning, Joel Shields, Jack Westfall, Daphne York, Judy Aschner, Katharine Clouser, Justine Griswold, Donna Lee, Amanda Nowakowski, Maryellen Riordan, Hulya Bukulmez, David Kaelber, Rozina Aamir, Mohammed Abuzahrieh, Nandini Bangalore, Alexis Brown, Wendy Dalton, Suzanne Fortuna, Judi Minium, Bonnie Rosolowski, Sheila M. Nolan, Amal Ahmed, Suzanne Braniecki, Montserrat Contreras, Allen Dozor, Supriya Jain, Suzanne Kaseta, Sankaran Krishnan, Zachary Messer, Armando Ramirez, Aalok Singh, Randy Williams, Kyung Rhee, Kelan Tantisira, Almary Akerlundh, Natacha Akshoomoff, Maria Arroyo, Wendy Barrientos, Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Bryant Y. Chao, Maricela Diaz, Sergio Garcia, Sonia Garcia, Guadalupe Gomez, Trinidad Herrera, Margarita Holguin, Manaswitha Khare, Elizabeth Kiernan, Jeremy Landeo Gutierrez, Ileana Matta, Sofia Reyes, Cinthia Sanchez, Andrea Schreck, Megan R. Warner, Uzma Hasan, Elizabeth Ricciardi, Vanessa Trespalacios, Vince Faustino, Matthew Kluko, Bryant Chao, Maria Glenn-Arroyo, Elizabeth A. Kiernan, Anika Madan, Lisa Ramos Vallejo, Cinthia E. Sanchez, Maira Suarez, Patricia Kinser, Amy Salisbury, Jocelyn Espinoza, Sara Moyer, Amy Rider, Sally Russell, Michael Schecter, Lindsey Stevenson, Cheryl R. Stein, Stephanie V. Caldas, Thomas Dylan Castro Ovalle, Anthony Chung, Jonathan S. Farkas, Maria Isidoro-Chino, Deniz Kesebir, Eugenia Kim, Ashley Quarless, Alan Schlechter, Ranjini Srinivasan, Viren D'Sa, Fatoumata Barry, Phoebe Burton, Rosa Cano Lorente, Caroline Cummins, Stephanie Wehbe, Sandra Brown, Anders Dale, Terry Jernigan, Susan Tapert, Jose Aguilar, David Benjamin, Natalie C. Buchbinder, Norma Castro, Brandy Emerson, Hugh Garavan, Jennifer Graves, Amanda Guerrero, Janosch Linkersdoerfer, Robert Schooley, Wes Thompson, Thanh Trinh, Ron Yang, Megan Herting, Elizabeth Sowell, Cynthia Cisneros, Lauren Goedde, Cedric Manlhiot, Raul Gonzalez, Angela Laird, Jorge Limia, Robin Aupperle, Martin Paulus, Melanie Curry, Nour S. El-Sabbagh, Kevin Gray, Lindsay Squeglia, Samuel Agbeh, Cori Herring, Brittany Mckenzie, Bonnie Nagel, Abby Espinoza, Anthony Hill, Angie Morales, Fiona Baker, Eva Muller-Oehring, Ian Colrain, Ingrid Durley, Mirella Dapretto, Lucina Uddin, Susan Bookheimer, Christina Caldera, Jennifer Dzul, Cinthia Zarate, Marie Banich, Paola Badilla, Jennifer Keith, G. Kumar, David Messinger, Katie Prazak, Sara Jo Nixon, Melanie Cardoso, Meagan Sullivan, Stephen Villard, Linda Chang, Thomas Ernst, Christine Cloak, Huajun Liang, Meghann C. Ryan, Mary Heitzerg, Jennifer Conley, Leonard Puttler, Monica Luciana, William Iacono, Aaron Schroeder, Duncan Clark, Doyeon (Dan) Kim, Megan Retucci, Edward Freedman, John Foxe, Sile Ni Mhurchu, Samantha Spallina, Erin McGlade, Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, Liz Bell, Kirsten Cline, Lauren Heinrich, Perry Renshaw, Alexandra Potter, Cass Barrett, Sofia Lozon, Samantha Spear, Christine Larson, Krista Lisdahl, Tory Clearwater, Christine Kaiver, Caitlin Nelson, Zach Paltzer, Bridgette Peteet, James Bjork, Mike Neale, Olive Calonge, Noah Slattery, Lisa Straub, Deanna Barch, Andrew Heath, Pamela Madden, Taylor Powell, Denise Schmitz, Dylan Gee, Boris Epie, Rebekah Hobbs, Alex Williams, Zhouran (Rick) Xiang, Julie Miller, Jane Newburger, Felicia Trachtenberg, Ayesha Amarnath, James Ambrosoli, Denise Artis, Sachin Bandari, Emily Birmingham, Lozan Eyob, Kerri Hayes, Chenwei Hu, Melissa Joyce, Valentina Kazlova, Iris Liu, Amanda Marshall, Devine Mbizdenyuy, P.J. Mu, Robin Rowe, Brooke Sayles, Mo Zhang, Pei-Ni Jone, Michael Carr, Lauren Goodell, Wantanabe Kar, Kathleen Van't Hof, Kristin Sexson, Elias Moussi, David Olukayode, Sandra Pena, Ricardo Pignatelli, Faridis Serrano, Sara Sexson Tejtel, Lara Shekerdemian, Audrey Dionne, Annette Baker, Sarah DeFerrantini, Thomas Giorgio, Numaira Khan, Simran Mahanta, MaryBeth Son, Matt Oster, Melissa Burnett, Kolby Sanders-Lewis, Sonia Chavez, Georgia Reis, Jackie Szmuszkovicz, Fariborz Behzadian, Carla Canas, Andrew Cheng, Mike Gawad, Paige Johnson, Alicia Kazarians, Anastasia Sarkissian, Brandi Scott, Consuelo Secules, Jennifer Su, Crystal Vargas, Jodie Votava-Smith, Sharon Wagner-Lees, Shuo Wang, Pierre Wong, Yamuna Sanil, Sanjeev Aggarwal, Aiman Almasnaah, Nirupama Kannikeswaran, Kathleen Meert, Gautam Singh, Priya Spencer, Nancy Sullivan, Sureja Sundaralingam, Vishnu Undyala, Emily Ward, Amanda Weber, Charmaine Williams Farr, Tamara Bradford, Marla Johnston, Matthew Elias, Alex Fiks, Chris Forrest, Dana Albizem, Susan Coffin, Therese Giglia, Katherine Lupton, Grace Marks, Tonia Morrison, Shawn O'Connor, Daniel Forsha, Jennifer Nelson, Rachel Sachdeva, Dara Watkins, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Jordyn Britton, Alix Fetch, Anita Krishnan, Onais Tariq, Sean Lang, Marisa Almaguer, Jim Cnota, Lauryn Dugan, Elise Pickering, Kathleen Rathge, Elizabeth Mitchell, Christine Capone, Nilanjana Misra, Olga Shamailova, Mark Russell, Tammy Doman, Lori Harris, Keren Hasbani, Sagar Jani, Brian McCrindle, Jessica Bainton, Maryanne Chrisant, Doris Alaby, Norma Barton, Danielle Katz, Paulette Smith, Stephanie Handler, Joe Block, Regina Cole, Jennifer Maldonado, Kim McHugh, Andrew Atz, Megan Bickford, Jason Buckley, John Costello, Delany Dennis, Elizabeth Emrath-Zwick, Mary Freeman, Lanier Jackson, Madison Johnson, Elizabeth Mack, Scott Pletzer, Natasha Ruth, Carolyn Taylor, Sinai Zyblewski, Katrina Golub, Chanel Rojas, Korsin Rosalind, Chantal Sanchez, Shubhika Srivastava, Carol Prospero, Ed Williams, Varsha Zadokar, Arash Sabati, Kylie Domian, Ashley Herzberg, Sanjana Khanna, Todd Nowlen, Susan Park, Jade Porche, Samantha Stack, Dongngan Truong, Andrea Dunn, Lilly Fagatele, Emma Joyce, Linda Lambert, Kirsten Dummer, Sherrie Bandy, Jane Burns, Katheryn Crane, Sanjeet Hedge, Joan Pancheri, Adriana Tremoulet, Ronald Mark Payne, Mary Stumpf, Michael Portman, Hidemi Kajimoto, Camden Hebson, Krissie Hock, Onyekachukwu Osakwe, Jemylle Morato, Divya Shakti, Matt Kadish, Kavita Sharma, William Anguiano, Catherine Ikemba, Alejandra Lozano, Maria Martinez, Wendy Rojas, Lerraughn Morgan, Isaura Macias, Carl Owada, Mayra Rangel, and Michelle Sykes
Subjects: PEDSnet, PCORnet, Long COVID, Chronic COVID-19 syndrome, Late sequelae of COVID-19, Long-haul COVID, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Children from racial and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether they have increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Our objectives were to assess whether the risk of respiratory and neurologic PASC differs by race/ethnicity and social drivers of health. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals
Published: 2025
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2. Co‐production and adaptation of a prison‐based problem‐solving workbook to support the mental health of patients housed within a medium‐ and low‐secure forensic service

Author: Amanda E. Perry, Heather Baker, Anne Aboaja, Lindsey Wilson, Sarah Morris, and Patient Public Involved Service User
Subjects: co‐production, feasibility, forensic, problem solving, secure in‐patient services, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Problem‐solving skills (PSS) help to provide a systematic approach to dealing with and managing complex problems. The overall aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of developing and adapting a prison‐based PSS workbook for adults within a medium‐ and low‐secure hospital. Method We used the Medical Research Council framework in our participatory mixed methods study incorporating an adapted survey (to identify what types of problems people experience in secure hospitals), a series of three interactive workshops (to co‐produce two case study examples for a workbook) and we gathered feedback from patients and hospital staff on the acceptability and feasibility of the workbook. Data from the survey were used to inform the case study examples, and the feedback from patients and hospital staff was descriptively summarised and the results consolidated. Results In total, 82 (51%) patients took part in the survey; 22 patients and 49 hospital staff provided feedback on the workbook. The survey results indicated that patients regularly experience problems while in the hospital. Patients reported problems relating to restrictions of freedom and boredom. The workshops produced two case studies for the workbooks, with mainly positive patient and staff feedback. More work is required to improve the visual representation of the characters in the case studies, the amount and content of the language and the mechanism of the intervention delivery. Conclusion The adaptation process proved acceptable and feasible to both patients and staff. The co‐production methodology for the workbook and feedback from patients and staff was an effective way of iteratively refining the materials to ensure that they were both meaningful and acceptable to staff and patients. Subsequent work is required to develop the workbook and evaluate the feasibility of the intervention delivery, recruitment rates, uptake and adherence to the PSS using a randomised controlled trial. Patient or Public Contribution At each stage of the project consultation with patients and/or hospital staff was involved.
Published: 2024
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3. Measuring the performance of computer vision artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing results

Author: Stephanie D. Roche, Obinna I. Ekwunife, Rouella Mendonca, Benn Kwach, Victor Omollo, Shengruo Zhang, Patricia Ongwen, David Hattery, Sam Smedinghoff, Sarah Morris, Daniel Were, Dino Rech, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, and Katrina F. Ortblad
Subjects: artificial intelligence, HIV self-testing, HIV prevention, mHealth, sub-Saharan Africa, differentiated service delivery, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: IntroductionHIV self-testing (HIVST) is highly sensitive and specific, addresses known barriers to HIV testing (such as stigma), and is recommended by the World Health Organization as a testing option for the delivery of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Nevertheless, HIVST remains underutilized as a diagnostic tool in community-based, differentiated HIV service delivery models, possibly due to concerns about result misinterpretation, which could lead to inadvertent onward transmission of HIV, delays in antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and incorrect initiation on PrEP. Ensuring that HIVST results are accurately interpreted for correct clinical decisions will be critical to maximizing HIVST's potential. Early evidence from a few small pilot studies suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) computer vision and machine learning could potentially assist with this task. As part of a broader study that task-shifted HIV testing to a new setting and cadre of healthcare provider (pharmaceutical technologists at private pharmacies) in Kenya, we sought to understand how well AI technology performed at interpreting HIVST results.MethodsAt 20 private pharmacies in Kisumu, Kenya, we offered free blood-based HIVST to clients ≥18 years purchasing products indicative of sexual activity (e.g., condoms). Trained pharmacy providers assisted clients with HIVST (as needed), photographed the completed HIVST, and uploaded the photo to a web-based platform. In real time, each self-test was interpreted independently by the (1) client and (2) pharmacy provider, with the HIVST images subsequently interpreted by (3) an AI algorithm (trained on lab-captured images of HIVST results) and (4) an expert panel of three HIVST readers. Using the expert panel's determination as the ground truth, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for HIVST result interpretation for the AI algorithm as well as for pharmacy clients and providers, for comparison.ResultsFrom March to June 2022, we screened 1,691 pharmacy clients and enrolled 1,500 in the study. All clients completed HIVST. Among 854 clients whose HIVST images were of sufficient quality to be interpretable by the AI algorithm, 63% (540/854) were female, median age was 26 years (interquartile range: 22–31), and 39% (335/855) reported casual sexual partners. The expert panel identified 94.9% (808/854) of HIVST images as HIV-negative, 5.1% (44/854) as HIV-positive, and 0.2% (2/854) as indeterminant. The AI algorithm demonstrated perfect sensitivity (100%), perfect NPV (100%), and 98.8% specificity, and 81.5% PPV (81.5%) due to seven false-positive results. By comparison, pharmacy clients and providers demonstrated lower sensitivity (93.2% and 97.7% respectively) and NPV (99.6% and 99.9% respectively) but perfect specificity (100%) and perfect PPV (100%).ConclusionsAI computer vision technology shows promise as a tool for providing additional quality assurance of HIV testing, particularly for catching Type II error (false-negative test interpretations) committed by human end-users. We discuss possible use cases for this technology to support differentiated HIV service delivery and identify areas for future research that is needed to assess the potential impacts—both positive and negative—of deploying this technology in real-world HIV service delivery settings.
Published: 2024
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4. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of DREAMS START (Dementia RElAted Manual for Sleep; STrAtegies for RelaTives) for people living with dementia and their carers: a study protocol for a parallel multicentre randomised controlled trial

Author: Rachael Hunter, Julie Barber, Sube Banerjee, Zuzana Walker, Simon D Kyle, Lucy Webster, Penny Rapaport, Gill Livingston, Sarah Amador, Colin Espie, Georgina Charlesworth, Monica Manela, Lina Gonzalez, Christopher Clarke, Emma Thornton, Sarah Morris, Mariam Adeleke, Caroline Connell, Rossana Horsley, Liam Pikett, and Malgorzata Raczek
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Introduction Many people living with dementia experience sleep disturbance and there are no known effective treatments. Non-pharmacological treatment options should be the first-line sleep management. For family carers, relatives’ sleep disturbance leads to interruption of their sleep, low mood and breakdown of care. Our team developed and delivered DREAMS START (Dementia RElAted Manual for Sleep; STrAtegies for RelaTives), a multimodal non-pharmacological intervention, showing it to be feasible and acceptable. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to establish whether DREAMS START is clinically cost-effective in reducing sleep disturbances in people living with dementia living at home compared with usual care.Methods and analysis We will recruit 370 participant dyads (people living with dementia and family carers) from memory services, community mental health teams and the Join Dementia Research Website in England. Those meeting inclusion criteria will be randomised (1:1) either to DREAMS START or to usual treatment. DREAMS START is a six-session (1 hour/session), manualised intervention delivered every 1–2 weeks by supervised, non-clinically trained graduates. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, 4 months and 8 months with the primary outcome being the Sleep Disorders Inventory score at 8 months. Secondary outcomes for the person with dementia (all proxy) include quality of life, daytime sleepiness, neuropsychiatric symptoms and cost-effectiveness. Secondary outcomes for the family carer include quality of life, sleep disturbance, mood, burden and service use and caring/work activity. Analyses will be intention-to-treat and we will conduct a process evaluation.Ethics and dissemination London—Camden & Kings Cross Ethics Committee (20/LO/0894) approved the study. We will disseminate our findings in high-impact peer-reviewed journals and at national and international conferences. This research has the potential to improve sleep and quality of life for people living with dementia and their carers, in a feasible and scalable intervention.Trial registration number ISRCTN13072268.
Published: 2024
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5. Simultaneous 3D tracking and temperature measurements of L-PBF spatter particles using a single camera

Author: Dustin Kelly, Ralf D. Fischer, Mahyar Moaven, Sarah Morris, Barton C. Prorok, and Brian Thurow
Subjects: Spectral imaging, Laser-powder bed fusion, Simultaneous measurements, Particle tracking, Optical pyrometry, Spatter, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8
Abstract: This work discusses the implementation of a novel technique for simultaneous 3D particle tracking velocimetry and dual-wavelength pyrometry of spatter particles ejected during the Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process using a single high-speed spectral plenoptic camera. In this methodology, particle tracking uses the Light-Field Ray Bundling algorithm paired with a four-frame best estimate track initiation with 3D Kalman filter for tracking to generate high-resolution, time-resolved 3D tracks of spatter particles. Utilizing the same light-field image data, spatter particle temperature is measured using dual-wavelength pyrometry that calculates temperature from the ratio of two narrow-band wavelength intensities. Preliminary results demonstrate the viability and potential of this technique for the L-PBF processes on the example of a turnaround laser scan. The temperature measurements indicate that the detected particles are in the liquid phase, with temperatures greater than 1950 °C. The simultaneous measurements demonstrate an overall deceleration and cooling of particles during their flight.
Published: 2023
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6. Analysis of Mobile Malware: A Systematic Review of Evolution and Infection Strategies

Author: Ashawa Moses and Sarah Morris
Subjects: infection strategies, malware evolution, mobile malware, information security, Criminal law and procedure, K5000-5582, Cybernetics, Q300-390
Abstract: The open-source and popularity of Android attracts hackers and has multiplied security concerns targeting devices. As such, malware attacks on Android are one of the security challenges facing society. This paper presents an analysis of mobile malware evolution between 2000-2020. The paper presents mobile malware types and in-depth infection strategies malware deploys to infect mobile devices. Accordingly, factors that restricted the fast spread of early malware and those that enhance the fast propagation of recent malware are identified. Moreover, the paper discusses and classifies mobile malware based on privilege escalation and attack goals. Based on the reviewed survey papers, our research presents recommendations in the form of measures to cope with emerging security threats posed by malware and thus decrease threats and malware infection rates. Finally, we identify the need for a critical analysis of mobile malware frameworks to identify their weaknesses and strengths to develop a more robust, accurate, and scalable tool from an Android detection standpoint. The survey results facilitate the understanding of mobile malware evolution and the infection trend. They also help mobile malware analysts to understand the current evasion techniques mobile malware deploys.
Published: 2021
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7. Online HIV prophylaxis delivery: Protocol for the ePrEP Kenya pilot study

Author: Catherine Kiptinness, Paulami Naik, Nicholas Thuo, Rachel C. Malen, Julia C. Dettinger, Jillian Pintye, Maeve Rafferty, Edwin Jomo, Nicky Nyamasyo, Tony Wood, Paul Isabelli, Sarah Morris, David Hattery, Andy Stergachis, Daniel Were, Monisha Sharma, Kenneth Ngure, Melissa Latigo Mugambi, and Katrina F. Ortblad
Subjects: PrEP, PEP, HIV prevention, telehealth, differentiated service delivery, implementation science, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundOnline pharmacies in Kenya provide sexual and reproductive health products (e.g., HIV self-testing, contraception) and could be leveraged to increase the reach of HIV pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) to populations who do not frequently attend health facilities. To date, evidence is limited for operationalizing online PrEP/PEP delivery and the type of populations reached with this differential service delivery model.MethodsThe ePrEP Kenya Pilot will deliver daily oral PrEP and PEP via MYDAWA, a private online pharmacy retailer, to clients in Nairobi for 18 months. Potential clients will obtain information about PrEP/PEP on MYDAWA's sexual wellness page and self-screen for HIV risk. Individuals ≥18 years, identified as at HIV risk, and willing to pay for a blood-based HIV self-test and PrEP/PEP delivery will be eligible for enrollment. To continue with online PrEP/PEP initiation, eligible clients will purchase a blood-based HIV self-test for 250 KES (~USD 2) [delivered to their setting of choice for 99 KES (~USD 1)], upload an image of their self-test result, and attend a telemedicine visit with a MYDAWA provider. During the telemedicine visit, providers will screen clients for PrEP/PEP eligibility, including clinical concerns (e.g., kidney disease), discuss self-test results, and complete counseling on PrEP/PEP use and safety. Providers will refer clients who self-test HIV positive or report any existing medical conditions to the appropriate services at healthcare facilities that meet their preferences. Eligible clients will be prescribed PrEP (30-day PrEP supply at initiation; 90-day PrEP supply at follow-up visits) or PEP (28-day supply) for free and have it delivered for 99 KES (~USD 1). We will measure PrEP and PEP initiation among eligible clients, PEP-to-PrEP transition, PrEP continuation, and implementation outcomes (e.g., feasibility, acceptability, and costs).DiscussionEstablishing pathways to increase PrEP and PEP access is crucial to help curb new HIV infections in settings with high HIV prevalence. The findings from this study will provide evidence on the implementation of online pharmacy PrEP and PEP service delivery that can help inform guidelines in Kenya and similar settings.
Published: 2023
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8. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in three rural communes in Haiti: A cross-sectional study

Author: Maurice J. Chery, Kobel Dubique, Julia M. Higgins, Peterson Abnis Faure, Roslyn Phillips, Sarah Morris, Mary Clisbee, Donaldson F. Conserve, Tiarney Ricthwood, Ralph M. Lefruit, and Bethany L. Hedt-Gauthier
Subjects: covid-19, vaccine acceptance, vaccine hesitancy, rural, haiti, immunization, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Vaccines are the most effective mechanism for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. However, reluctance to accept vaccines has hindered the efforts of health authorities to combat the virus. In Haiti, as of July 2021, less than 1% of the country’s population has been fully vaccinated in part due to vaccine hesitancy. Our goal was to assess Haitian attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and investigate the primary reasons for Moderna vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey across three rural Haitian communities, in September 2021. The research team used electronic tablets to collect quantitative data from 1,071 respondents, selected randomly across the communities. We report descriptive statistics and identify variables associated with vaccine acceptance using logistic regression built using a backward stepwise approach. Among 1,071 respondents, the overall acceptance rate was 27.0% (n = 285). The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy was “concern about side effects” (n = 484, 67.1%) followed by “concern about contracting COVID-19 from the vaccine” (n = 472, 65.4%). Three-quarters of respondents (n = 817) identified their healthcare workers as their most trustworthy source for information related to the vaccine. In the bivariate analysis, male gender (p = .06) and no history of drinking alcohol (p
Published: 2023
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9. 3D tracking velocimetry of L-PBF spatter particles using a single high-speed plenoptic camera

Author: Ralf D. Fischer, Mahyar Moaven, Dustin Kelly, Sarah Morris, Brian Thurow, and Barton C. Prorok
Subjects: Additive Manufacturing, Spatter, Laser-Powder Bed Fusion, Metal, Particle Tracking, High-Speed Imaging, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8
Abstract: Particle spatter is an unavoidable by-product of the Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process, as the high intensity of the incoming laser beam generates high vapor fluxes on the meltpool, allowing metal particles to be ejected into the process environment. This is detrimental to the final manufactured part, as it risks the incorporation of defects. It is therefore important to study this spattering behavior and to apply the knowledge gained to further improve the L-PBF process. This work introduces the use of a high-speed plenoptic camera to acquire 3D spatter particle trajectories generated via L-PBF line tracks. Spatter particles are tracked in the volume above the laser-metal interaction zone at 1000 fps and their velocity calculated. It is found that the calculated speeds of the spatter particles are within the expected range for this process, and that the behavior is a complex 3-dimensional process.
Published: 2022
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10. Axon-Autonomous Effects of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain (AICD) on Kinase Signaling and Fast Axonal Transport

Author: Svenja König, Nadine Schmidt, Karin Bechberger, Sarah Morris, Mercedes Priego, Hannah Zaky, Yuyu Song, Jan Pielage, Silke Brunholz, Scott T. Brady, Stefan Kins, and Gerardo Morfini
Subjects: Alzheimer’s disease, APP, AICD, kinases, NPTY, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key molecular component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Proteolytic APP processing generates various cleavage products, including extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and the cytoplasmic APP intracellular domain (AICD). Although the role of AICD in the activation of kinase signaling pathways is well established in the context of full-length APP, little is known about intracellular effects of the AICD fragment, particularly within discrete neuronal compartments. Deficits in fast axonal transport (FAT) and axonopathy documented in AD-affected neurons prompted us to evaluate potential axon-autonomous effects of the AICD fragment for the first time. Vesicle motility assays using the isolated squid axoplasm preparation revealed inhibition of FAT by AICD. Biochemical experiments linked this effect to aberrant activation of selected axonal kinases and heightened phosphorylation of the anterograde motor protein conventional kinesin, consistent with precedents showing phosphorylation-dependent regulation of motors proteins powering FAT. Pharmacological inhibitors of these kinases alleviated the AICD inhibitory effect on FAT. Deletion experiments indicated this effect requires a sequence encompassing the NPTY motif in AICD and interacting axonal proteins containing a phosphotyrosine-binding domain. Collectively, these results provide a proof of principle for axon-specific effects of AICD, further suggesting a potential mechanistic framework linking alterations in APP processing, FAT deficits, and axonal pathology in AD.
Published: 2023
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11. Modeling Correlation between Android Permissions Based on Threat and Protection Level Using Exploratory Factor Plane Analysis

Author: Moses Ashawa and Sarah Morris
Subjects: cybersecurity, mobile malware, factor analysis, dangerous permission variables, protection level, Bayesian correlation, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract: The evolution of mobile technology has increased correspondingly with the number of attacks on mobile devices. Malware attack on mobile devices is one of the top security challenges the mobile community faces daily. While malware classification and detection tools are being developed to fight malware infection, hackers keep deploying different infection strategies, including permissions usage. Among mobile platforms, Android is the most targeted by malware because of its open OS and popularity. Permissions is one of the major security techniques used by Android and other mobile platforms to control device resources and enhance access control. In this study, we used the t-Distribution stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and Self-Organizing Map techniques to produce a visualization method using exploratory factor plane analysis to visualize permissions correlation in Android applications. Two categories of datasets were used for this study: the benign and malicious datasets. Dataset was obtained from Contagio, VirusShare, VirusTotal, and Androzoo repositories. A total of 12,267 malicious and 10,837 benign applications with different categories were used. We demonstrate that our method can identify the correlation between permissions and classify Android applications based on their protection and threat level. Our results show that every permission has a threat level. This signifies those permissions with the same protection level have the same threat level.
Published: 2021
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12. Psychometric properties of leadership scales for health professionals: a systematic review

Author: Melissa A. Carlson, Sarah Morris, Fiona Day, Ann Dadich, Annika Ryan, Elizabeth A. Fradgley, and Christine Paul
Subjects: Leadership, Change champions, Psychometrics, Implementation, Healthcare, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background The important role of leaders in the translation of health research is acknowledged in the implementation science literature. However, the accurate measurement of leadership traits and behaviours in health professionals has not been directly addressed. This review aimed to identify whether scales which measure leadership traits and behaviours have been found to be reliable and valid for use with health professionals. Methods A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, ABI/INFORMIT and Business Source Ultimate were searched to identify publications which reported original research testing the reliability, validity or acceptability of a leadership-related scale with health professionals. Results Of 2814 records, a total of 39 studies met the inclusion criteria, from which 33 scales were identified as having undergone some form of psychometric testing with health professionals. The most commonly used was the Implementation Leadership Scale (n = 5) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (n = 3). Of the 33 scales, the majority of scales were validated in English speaking countries including the USA (n = 15) and Canada (n = 4), but also with some translations and use in Europe and Asia, predominantly with samples of nurses (n = 27) or allied health professionals (n = 10). Only two validation studies included physicians. Content validity and internal consistency were evident for most scales (n = 30 and 29, respectively). Only 20 of the 33 scales were found to satisfy the acceptable thresholds for good construct validity. Very limited testing occurred in relation to test-re-test reliability, responsiveness, acceptability, cross-cultural revalidation, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity. Conclusions Seven scales may be sufficiently sound to be used with professionals, primarily with nurses. There is an absence of validation of leadership scales with regard to physicians. Given that physicians, along with nurses and allied health professionals have a leadership role in driving the implementation of evidence-based healthcare, this constitutes a clear gap in the psychometric testing of leadership scales for use in healthcare implementation research and practice. Trial registration This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (see Additional File 1) (PLoS Medicine. 6:e1000097, 2009) and the associated protocol has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Registration Number CRD42019121544 ).
Published: 2021
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13. Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, MD, Chakradhar Venkata, MD, Pria Anand, MD, Joseph D. Burns, MD, Charlene J. Ong, MD, Allison M. LeMahieu, MS, Phillip J. Schulte, PhD, Tarun D. Singh, MD, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD, Neha Deo, BS, Vikas Bansal, MBBS, MPH, Karen Boman, BS, Juan Pablo Domecq Garces, MD, Donna Lee Armaignac, PhD, APRN, Amy B. Christie, MD, Roman R. Melamed, MD, Yasir Tarabichi, MD, MSCR, Sreekanth R. Cheruku, MD, MPH, Ashish K. Khanna, MD, FCCP, FCCM, FASA, Joshua L. Denson, MD, MS, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, MPH, Harry L. Anderson, III, MD, FACS, FICS, FCCM, FCCP, FAIM, Ognjen Gajic, MD, MS, Vishakha K. Kumar, MD, MBA, Allan Walkey, MD, Rahul Kashyap, MD, MBA, on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group, Jean-Baptiste Mesland, Pierre Henin, Hélène Petre, Isabelle Buelens, Anne-Catherine Gerard, Philippe Clevenbergh, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Jose A. Mercado, Esdenka Vega-Terrazas, Maria F. Iturricha-Caceres, Ruben Garza, Eric Chu, Victoria Chan, Oscar Y Gavidia, Felipe Pachon, Yeimy A Sanchez, Danijel knežević, Mohamed El Kassas, Mohamed Badr, Ahmed Tawheed, Hend Yahia, Dimitrios Kantas, Vasileios Koulouras, Estela Pineda, Gabina María Reyes Guillen, Helin Archaga Soto, Ana Karen Vallecillo Lizardo, Csaba Kopitkó, Ágnes Bencze, István Méhész, Zsófia Gerendai,, Girish Vadgaonkar, Rekha Ediga, Shilpa Basety, Shwetha Dammareddy, Phani Sreeharsha Kasumalla, Smitha S. Segu, Tuhin Chakraborty, Epcebha Joyce, Sridhar Papani, Mahesh Kamuram, Mradul Kumar Daga, Munisha Agarwal, Ishan Rohtagi, Anusha Cherian, Sreejith Parameswaran, Magesh Parthiban, Phaneendra Doddaga, Neethi Chandra, Puneet Rijhwani, Ashish Jain, Aviral Gupta, Ram Mohan Jaiswal, Ambika Tyagi, Nimish Mathur, Madhav Prabhu, Vishal Jakati, Mukur Petrolwala, Bharat Ladva, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Ekambaram Jyothisree, Umamaheswara Raju, Janaki Manduva, Naresh Kolakani, Shreeja Sripathi, Sheetal Chaitanya, Kamlesh Kumar Agrawal, Vijendra Baghel, Kirti Kumar Patel, Nooshin Dalili, Mohsen Nafa, Wataru Matsuda, Reina Suzuki, Michihito Kyo, Shu Tahara, Mineji Hayakawa, Kunihiko Maekawa, Masamitsu Sanui, Sho Horikita, Yuki Itagaki, Akira Kodate, Yuki Takahashi, Koyo Moriki, Takuya Shiga, Yudai Iwasaki, Hidenobu Shigemitsu, Yuka Mishima, Nobuyuki Nosaka, Michio Nagashima, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Jose Gerardo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Salcido-Montenegro, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Mariana Janeth Hermosillo Ulloa, Fatimah Hassan-Hanga, Hadiza Galadanci, Abubakar Shehu Gezawa, Halima M. S. Kabara, Taiwo Gboluwaga Amole, Halima Kabir, Dalha Gwarzo Haliru, Abdullahi S Ibrahim, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Mashaal Syed, Syed Anosh Ali Naqvi, Igor Borisovich Zabolotskikh,, Konstantin Dmitrievich Zybin, Sergey Vasilevich Sinkov, Tatiana Sergeevna Musaeva, Razan K Alamoudi, Hassan M. AlSharif, Sarah A. Almazwaghi, Mohammed S Elsakran, Mohamed A Aid, Mouaz A Darwich, Omnia M Hagag, Salah A Ali, Alona rocacorba, Kathrine Supeña, Efren Ray Juane, Jenalyn Medina, Jowany Baduria, Marwa Ridha Amer, Mohammed Abdullah, Bawazeer, Talal I. Dahhan, Eiad Kseibi, Abid Shahzad Butt, Syed Moazzum Khurshid, Muath Rabee, Mohammed Abujazar, Razan Alghunaim, Maal Abualkhair, Abeer Turki AlFirm, Yaseen M Arabi, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Mohammed A Almazyad, Mohammed I Alarifi, Jara M Macarambon, Ahmad Abdullah Bukhari, Hussain A. Albahrani, Kazi N Asfina, Kaltham M Aldossary, Marija Zdravkovic, Zoran Todorovic, Viseslav Popadic, Slobodan Klasnja, Ana Andrijevic, Srdjan Gavrilovic, Vladimir Carapic, Bojan Kovacevic, Jovana Bojicic, Stevanovic Predrag, Dejan S Stojakov, Duska K Ignjatovic, Suzana C Bojic, Marina M Bobos, Irina B Nenadic, Milica S Zaric, Marko D Djuric, Vladimir R Djukic, Santiago Y. Teruel, Belen C. Martin, Uluhan Sili, Huseyin Bilgin, Pinar Ay, Varsha P Gharpure, Usman Raheemi, Kenneth W. Dodd, Nicholas Goodmanson, Kathleen Hesse, Paige Bird, Chauncey Weinert, Nathan Schoenrade, Abdulrahman Altaher, Esmael Mayar, Matthew Aronson, Tyler Cooper, Monica Logan, Brianna Miner, Gisele Papo, Eric M. Siegal, Phyllis Runningen, Suzanne Barry, Christopher Woll, Gregory Wu, Erin Carrole, Kathryn Burke, Mustafa Mohammed, Roman R. Melamed, David M. Tierney, Love A. Patel, Vino S. Raj, Barite U. Dawud, Narayana Mazumder, Abbey Sidebottom, Alena M. Guenther, Benjamin D. Krehbiel, Nova J. Schmitz, Stacy L. Jepsen, Lynn Sipsey, Anna Schulte, Whitney Wunderlich, Cecely Hoyt, Abhijit A Raval, Andrea Franks, Katherine Irby, Ronald C. Sanders, Jr., Glenda Hefley, Jennifer M. Jarvis, Anmol Kharbanda, Sunil Jhajhria, Zachary Fyffe, Stephen Capizzi, Bethany Alicie, Martha Green, Lori Crockarell, Amelia Drennan, Kathleen Dubuque, Tonya Fambrough, Nikole Gasaway, Briana Krantz, Peiman Nebi, Jan Orga, Margaret Serfass, Alina Simion, Kimberly Warren, Cassie Wheeler, CJ Woolman, Amy B. Christie, Dennis W. Ashley, Rajani Adiga, Andrew S. Moyer, George M. Verghese, Andrea Sikora Newsome, Christy C. Forehand, Rebecca Bruning, Timothy W. Jones, Moldovan Sabov, Fatema Zaidi, Fiona Tissavirasingham, Dhatri Malipeddi, Jarrod M Mosier, Karen Lutrick, Beth Salvagio Campbell, Cathleen Wilson, Patrick Rivers, Jonathan Brinks, Mokenge Ndiva Mongoh, Boris Gilson, Donna Lee Armaignac, Don Parris, Maria Pilar Zuniga, Ilea Vargas, Viviana Boronat, Anneka Hutton, Navneet Kaur, Prashank Neupane, Nohemi Sadule-Rios, Lourdes M. Rojas, Aashish Neupane, Priscilla Rivera, Carlos Valle Carlos, Gregory Vincent, Mahesh Amin, Mary E Schelle, Amanda Steadham, Christopher M Howard, Cameron McBride, Jocelyn Abraham, Orlando Garner, Katherine Richards, Keegan Collins, Preethi Antony, Sindhu Mathew, Valerie C. Danesh, Gueorgui Dubrocq, Amber L. Davis, Marissa J Hammers, ill M. McGahey, Amanda C. Farris, Elisa Priest, Robyn Korsmo, Lorie Fares, Kathy Skiles, Susan M. Shor, Kenya Burns, Corrie A Dowell, Gabriela “Hope” Gonzales, Melody Flores, Lindsay Newman, Debora A Wilk, Jason Ettlinger, Jaccallene Bomar, Himani Darji, Alejandro Arroliga, Alejandro C Arroliga, Corrie A. Dowell, Gabriela Hope Conzales, Debora A. Wilk, Paras B. Khandhar, Elizabeth Kring, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, Somnath Bose, Lauren E. Kelly, Melisa Joseph, Marie McGourty, Krystal Capers, Benjamin Hoenig, Maria C. Karamourtopoulos, Anica C. Law, Elias N. Baedorf Kassis, Allan J. Walkey, Sushrut S. Waikar, Michael A. Garcia, Mia Colona, Zoe Kibbelaar, Michael Leong, Daniel Wallman, Kanupriya Soni, Jennifer Maccarone, Joshua Gilman, Ycar Devis, Joseph Chung, Munizay Paracha, David N. Lumelsky, Madeline DiLorenzo, Najla Abdurrahman, Shelsey Johnson, Maj Andrew M. Hersh, CPT Stephanie L Wachs, Brittany S. Swigger, Stephanie L Wachs, Capt Lauren A. Sattler, Capt Michael N. Moulton, Kimberly Zammit, Patrick, J McGrath, William Loeffler, Maya, R. Chilbert, Aaron S. Miller, Edwin L. Anderson, Rosemary Nagy, Ravali R. Inja, Pooja A. Nawathe, Isabel Pedraza, Jennifer Tsing, Karen Carr, Anila Chaudhary, Kathleen Guglielmino, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Alymer Tang, Arshad Safi, Cindy Green, Jackie Newell, Rayan E. Ihle, Shelda A. Martin, Elaine A. Davis, Katja M. Gist, Imran A Sayed, John Brinton, Larisa Strom, Kathleen Chiotos, Allison M. Blatz, Giyoung Lee, Ryan H. Burnett, Guy I. Sydney, Danielle M. Traynor, Karissa Nauert, Annika Gonzalez, Mariel Bagley, Anita Santpurkar, Salim Surani, Joshua White, Aftab Khan, Rahul Dhahwal, Sreekanth Cheruku, Farzin Ahmed, Christopher Deonarine, Ashley Jones, Mohammad-Ali Shaikh, David Preston, Jeanette Chin, Vidula Vachharajani, Abhijit Duggal, Prabalini Rajendram, Omar Mehkri, Siddharth Dugar, Michelle Biehl, Gretchen Sacha, Stuart Houltham, Alexander King, Kiran Ashok, Bryan Poynter, Mary Beukemann, Richard Rice, Susan Gole, Valerie Shaner, Adarsh Conjeevaram, Michelle Ferrari, Narendrakumar Alappan, Steven Minear, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Syed Sohaib Nasim, Ravi Sunderkrishnan, Debasis Sahoo, Patrick S. Milligan, Sandeep K. Gupta, Joy M. Koglin, Regina Gibson, Lana Johnson, Felicia Preston, Crimson Scott, Bethany Nungester, Dana D Byrne, Christa A Schorr, Katie Grant, Katherine L Doktor, Maura C Porto, Olga Kaplan, James E. Siegler, III, Brian Schonewald, Ashley Woodford, Alan Tsai, Savina Reid, Kuntal Bhowmick, Saba Daneshpooy, Cyrus Mowdawalla, Trishna Akshay Dave, Wilhemina Kennedy, Connor Crudeli, Christopher Ferry, Long Nguyen, Sneha Modi, Niharika Padala, Pavan Jitendra Patel, Belle Lin, Lena Chatterjee, Jamie Qiuyun, Fan Mandi Liu, Rasagna Kota, Annesha Banerjee, Steven K. Daugherty, Sam Atkinson, Kelly Shrimpton, Sidney Ontai, Brian Contreras, Uzoma Obinwanko, Nneka Amamasi, Amir Sharafi, Sarah Lee, Zahia Esber, Chetna Jinjvadia, Raquel R Bartz, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Bryan Kraft, Aaron Pulsipher, Eugene Friedman, Sachin Mehta, Margit Kaufman, Gregg Lobel, Nisha Gandhi, Amr Abdelaty, Elizabeth Shaji, Kiana Lim, Juan Marte, Dani Ashley Sosa, David P. Yamane, Ivy Benjenk, Nivedita Prasanna, Nicholas Perkins, Prera J. Roth, Banu Sivaraj, Haley Fulton, Madison G Herin, Marissa Crum, Morgan E. Fretwell, Emily-Rose Zhou, Christine Waller, Kara Kallies, Jonean Thorsen, Alec Fitzsimmons, Haley Olsen, Heda R. Dapul, Sourabh Verma, Alan Salas, Ariel Daube, Michelle Korn, Michelle Ramirez, Logi Rajagopalan, Laura Santos, Héctor Collazo Santiago, Ricardo Alan Hernandez, Norma Smalls, Asher G Bercow, Mark Shlomovich, Christine Crandall, Sasko Stojanovski, Kristin Johnson, Kelly Michienzi, Steven Q. Davis, Valentina Jovic, Max Masuda, Amanda Hayes, Katharine Nault, Michael Smith, William Snow, Riley Liptak, Hannah Durant, Valerie Pendleton, Alay Nanavati, Risa Mrozowsk, Namrata Nag, Jeff Brauer, Ashwin Dharmadhikari, Sahib Singh, Franco Laghi, Ghania Naeem, Andrew Wang, Kevin Bliden, Amit Rout, Jaime Barnes, Martin Gesheff, Asha Thomas, Melbin Thomas, Alicia R. Liendo, Jovan Milosavljevic, Kenan Abbasi, Nicholas B. Burley, Nicole Rapista, Samuel Amankwah, Sanjay K Poude, Saroj Timilsina, Sauradeep Sarkar, Oluwasayo Akinyosoye, Shashi K. Yalamanchili, Sheena Moorthy, Sonia Sugumar, Jonathan Ford, Martin C. Taylor, Charlotte Dunderdale, Alyssa Henshaw, Mary K. Brunk, Jessica Hagy, Shehryar Masood, Sushrutha Sridhar, Yuk Ming Liu, Sarah Zavala, Esther Shim, Ronald A. Reilkoff, Julia A. Heneghan, Sarah Eichen, Lexie Goertzen, Scott Rajala, Ghislaine Feussom, Ben Tang, Christine C. Junia, Robert Lichtenberg, Hasrat Sidhu, Diana Espinoza, Shelden Rodrigues, Maria Jose Zabala, Daniela Goyes, Ammu Susheela, Buddhi Hatharaliyadda, Naveen Rameshkumar, Amulya Kasireddy, Genessis Maldonado, Lisseth Beltran, Akshata Chaugule, Hassan Khan, Namrata Patil, Ruhi Patil, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Ayan Sen, Fahimeh Talaei, Rahul Kashyap, Juan Pablo Domecq, Ognjen Gajic, Vikas Bansal, Aysun Tekin, Amos Lal, John C. O’Horo, Neha N. Deo, Mayank Sharma, Shahraz Qamar, Romil Singh, Diana J. Valencia Morales, Abigail T. La Nou, Marija Bogojevic, Simon Zec, Devang Sanghavi, Pramod Guru, Pablo Moreno Franco, Karthik Gnanapandithan, Hollie Saunders, Zachary Fleissner, Juan Garcia, Alejandra Yu Lee Mateus, Siva Naga Yarrarapu, Nirmaljot Kaur, Abhisekh Giri, Mohammed Mustafa Hasan, Ashrita Donepudi, Syed Anjum Khan, Nitesh Kumar Jain, Thoyaja Koritala, Alexander Bastidas, Gabriela Orellana, Adriana Briceno Bierwirth, Eliana Milazzo, Juan Guillermo Sierra, Thao Dang, Rahul S Nanchal, Paul A Bergl, Jennifer L Peterson, Jessica Timmer, Kimberly Welker, Travis Yamanaka, Nicholas A. Barreras, Michael Markos, Anita Fareeduddin, Rohan Mehta, Chakradhar Venkata, Miriam Engemann, Annamarie Mantese, Yasir Tarabichi, Adam Perzynski, Christine Wang, Dhatri Kotekal, Adriana C Briceno Bierwirth, Gabriela M Orellana, Gerardo Catalasan, Shohana Ahmed, Carlos F Matute, Ahmad Hamdan, Ivania Salinas, Genesis Del Nogal, Angel Tejada, Anna Eschler, Mary Hejna, Emily Lewandowski, Kristen Kusmierski, Clare Martin, Jen-Ting Chen, Aluko Hope, Zoe Tsagaris, Elise Ruen, Aram Hambardzumyan, Nasar A Siddiqi, Lesly Jurado, Lindsey Tincher, Carolyn Brown, Prithvi Sendi, Meghana Nadiger, Balagangadhar Totapally, Bhagat S. Aulakh, Sandeep Tripathi, Jennifer A. Bandy, Lisa M. Kreps, Dawn R. Bollinger, Neha Gupta, Brent R Brown, Tracy L Jones, Kassidy Malone, Lauren A Sinko, Amy B Harrell, Shonda C Ayers, Lisa M Settle, Taylor J Sears, Roger Scott Stienecker, Andre G. Melendez, Tressa A. Brunner, Sue M Budzon, Jessica L. Heffernan, Janelle M. Souder, Tracy L. Miller, Andrea G. Maisonneuve, Roberta E. Redfern, Jessica Shoemaker, Jennifer Micham, Lynn Kenney, Gabriel Naimy, Victoria Schauf, Sara Utley, Holly Balcer, Kerry P. J. Pulver, Jennifer Yehle, Alicia Weeks, Terra Inman, Majdi Hamarshi, Jeannette Ploetz, Nick Bennett, Kyle Klindworth, Moustafa Younis, Adham Mohamed, Brian L. Delmonaco, Anthony Franklin, Mitchell Heath, Diane Barkas, Antonia L. Vilella, Sara B. Kutner, Kacie Clark, Danielle Moore, Shina Menon, John K McGuire, Deana Rich, Harry L. Anderson, III, Dixy Rajkumar, Ali Abunayla, Jerrilyn Heiter, Howard A. Zaren, Stephanie J. Smith, Grant C. Lewis, Lauren Seames, Cheryl Farlow, Judy Miller, Gloria Broadstreet, John Lin, Cindy Terrill, Brock Montgomery, Sydney Reyes, Summer Reyes, Alex Plattner, Anthony Martinez, Micheal Allison, Aniket Mittal, Rafael Ruiz, Aleta Skaanland, Robert Ross, Umang Patel, Jordesha Hodge, Krunal Kumar Patel, Shivani Dalal, Himanshu Kavani, Sam Joseph, Michael A. Bernstein, Ian K. Goff, Matthew Naftilan, Amal Mathew, Deborah Williams, Sue Murdock, Maryanne Ducey, Kerianne Nelson, Jason Block, James Mitchel, Connor G O’Brien, Sylvan Cox, William Marx, Ioana Amzuta, Asad J. Choudhry, Mohammad T. Azam, Kristina L Carter, Michael A Olmos, Brittany M Parker, Julio Quintanilla, Tara A Craig, Brendon J Clough, Jeffrey T Jameson, Utpal S. Bhalala, Joshua Kuehne, Melinda Garcia, Morgan Beebe, Heather Herrera, Chris Fiack, Stephanie Guo, May Vawer, Beth Blackburn, Caleb Darby, Kristy Page, Amanda Brown, Jessie McAbee, Katherine A. Belden, Michael Baram, Devin M. Weber, Rosalie DePaola, Yuwei Xia, Hudson Carter, Aaron Tolley, Mary Barletta, Mark Steele, Laurie Kemble, Joshua L. Denson, A. Scott Gillet, Margo Brown, Rachael Stevens, Andrew Wetherbie, Kevin Tea, Mathew Moore, Abdurrahman Husain, Atul Malhotra, Qais Zawaydeh, Benjamin J Sines, Thomas J Bice, Emily A. Vail, Susannah Nicholson, Rachelle B. Jonas, AnnaRose E. Dement, William Tang, Mark DeRosa, Robert E. Villarreal, Rajany V. Dy, Alfredo Iardino, Jill Sharma, Richard Czieki, Julia Christopher, Ryan Lacey, Marwan Mashina, Kushal Patel, Erica C. Bjornstad, Nancy M. Tofil, Scott House, Isabella Aldana, Nikhil K. Meena, Jose D. Caceres, Nikhil K Meena, Sarenthia M. Epps, Harmeen Goraya, Kelsey R. Besett, Ryan James, Lana Y. Abusalem, Akash K. Patel, Lana S Hasan, Dina Gomaa, Michael Goodman, Devin Wakefield, Anthony Spuzzillo, John O. Shinn II, Robert MacLaren, Azra Bihorac, Tezcan Ozrazgat Baslanti, George Omalay, Haleh Hashemighouchani, Julie S. Cupka, Matthew M Ruppert, Patrick W. McGonagill, Colette Galet, Janice Hubbard, David Wang, Lauren Allan, Aditya Badheka, Madhuradhar Chegondi, Usman Nazir, Garrett Rampon, Jake Riggle, Nathan Dismang, Vicki Montgomery, Janice Sullivan, Sarah Morris, Jennifer Nason, Ozan Akca, Rainer Lenhardt, Rodrigo S. Cavallazzi, Ann Jerde, Alexa Black, Allison Polidori, Haily Griffey, Justin Winkler, Thomas Brenzel, Roger A. Alvarez, Amarilys Alarcon-Calderon, Marie Anne Sosa, Sunita K. Mahabir, Mausam J. Patel, Pauline Park, Andrew Admon, Sinan Hanna, Rishi Chanderraj, Maria Pliakas, Ann Wolski, Jennifer Cirino, Dima Dandachi, Hariharan Regunath, Maraya N. Camazine, Grant. E. Geiger, Abdoulie O. Njai, Baraa M. Saad, Faraaz Ali Shah, Byron Chuan, Sagar L. Rawal, Manal Piracha, Joseph E. Tonna, Nicholas M. Levin, Kayte Suslavich, Rachel Tsolinas, Zachary T. Fica, Chloe R. Skidmore, Renee D. Stapleton, Anne E. Dixon, Olivia Johnson, Sara S. Ardren, Stephanie Burns, Anna Raymond, Erika Gonyaw, Kevin Hodgdon, Chloe Housenger, Benjamin Lin, Karen McQuesten, Heidi Pecott-Grimm, Julie Sweet, Sebastian Ventrone, Nita Khandelwal, T. Eoin West, Ellen S. Caldwell, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Navya Garimella, Denisse B. Dow, Sreekanth R. Cheruku, Catherine Chen, Murtaza Akhter, Rania Abdul Rahman, Mary Mulrow, Erin M. Wilfong, Kelsi Vela, Ashish K. Khanna, Lynne Harris, Bruce Cusson, Jacob Fowler, David Vaneenenaam, Glen McKinney, Imoh Udoh, Kathleen Johnson, Patrick G. Lyons, Andrew P Michelson, Sara S. Haluf, Lauren M. Lynch, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Aaron Steinberg, Nicholas Braus, Vishwanath Pattan, Jessica Papke, Ismail Jimada, Nida Mhid, Samuel Chakola, Kevin Sheth, Abdalla Ammar, Mahmoud Ammar, Victor Torres Lopez, Charles Dela Cruz,, Akhil Khosla, and Samir Gautam
Subjects: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: OBJECTIVES:. To describe the prevalence, associated risk factors, and outcomes of serious neurologic manifestations (encephalopathy, stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis) among patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN:. Prospective observational study. SETTING:. One hundred seventy-nine hospitals in 24 countries within the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study COVID-19 Registry. PATIENTS:. Hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. INTERVENTIONS:. None. RESULTS:. Of 16,225 patients enrolled in the registry with hospital discharge status available, 2,092 (12.9%) developed serious neurologic manifestations including 1,656 (10.2%) with encephalopathy at admission, 331 (2.0%) with stroke, 243 (1.5%) with seizure, and 73 (0.5%) with meningitis/encephalitis at admission or during hospitalization. Patients with serious neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 were older with median (interquartile range) age 72 years (61.0–81.0 yr) versus 61 years (48.0–72.0 yr) and had higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, including vascular risk factors. Adjusting for age, sex, and time since the onset of the pandemic, serious neurologic manifestations were associated with more severe disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; p < 0.001) as defined by the World Health Organization ordinal disease severity scale for COVID-19 infection. Patients with neurologic manifestations were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (OR, 1.45; p < 0.001) and require critical care interventions (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: OR, 1.78; p = 0.009 and renal replacement therapy: OR, 1.99; p < 0.001). Hospital, ICU, and 28-day mortality for patients with neurologic manifestations was higher (OR, 1.51, 1.37, and 1.58; p < 0.001), and patients had fewer ICU-free, hospital-free, and ventilator-free days (estimated difference in days, –0.84, –1.34, and –0.84; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:. Encephalopathy at admission is common in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with worse outcomes. While serious neurologic manifestations including stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis were less common, all were associated with increased ICU support utilization, more severe disease, and worse outcomes.
Published: 2022
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14. Risk Factors for Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mortality in Hospitalized Young Adults: An Analysis of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registry

Author: Sandeep Tripathi, MD, MS, Imran A. Sayed, MD, Heda Dapul, MD, Jeremy S. McGarvey, MS, Jennifer A. Bandy, RN, Karen Boman, BS, Vishakha K. Kumar, MD, MBA, Vikas Bansal, MBBS, MPH, Lynn Retford, CAE, Sreekanth Cheruku, MD, MPH, Margit Kaufman, MD, FASA, Smith F. Heavner, MS, RN, Valerie C. Danesh, PhD, RN, Catherine A. St. Hill, DVM, PhD, Ashish K. Khanna, MD, Utpal Bhalala, MD, Rahul Kashyap, MBBS, MBA, Ognjen Gajic, MD, MS, Allan J. Walkey, MD, MS, Katja M. Gist, DO, MSc, for The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group, Jean-Baptiste Mesland, Pierre Henin, Hélène Petre, Isabelle Buelens, Anne-Catherine Gerard, Philippe Clevenbergh, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Jose A. Mercado, Esdenka Vega-Terrazas, Maria F. Iturricha-Caceres, Ruben Garza, Eric Chu, Victoria Chan, Oscar Y Gavidia, Felipe Pachon, Yeimy A Sanchez, Mohamed El Kassas, Mohamed Badr, Ahmed Tawheed, Hend Yahia, Sierra-Hoffman, Fernando Valerio, Oscar Diaz, Jose Luis Ramos Coello, Guillermo Perez, Ana Karen Vallecillo Lizardo, Gabina María Reyes Guillen, Helin Archaga Soto, Mradul Kumar Daga, Munisha Agarwal, Ishan Rohtagi, Anusha Cherian, Sreejith Parameswaran, Magesh Parthiban, Menu Priya A., Girish Vadgaonkar, Rekha Ediga, Shilpa Basety, Shwetha Dammareddy, Phani Sreeharsha Kasumalla, Sridhar Papani, Mahesh Kamuram, Smitha S. Segu, Tuhin Chakraborty, Epcebha Joyce, Umamaheswara Raju, Janaki Manduva, Naresh Kolakani, Shreeja Sripathi, Sheetal Chaitanya, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Ekambaram Jyothisree, Kamlesh Kumar Agrawal, Vijendra Baghel, Kirti Kumar Patel, Nooshin Dalili, Mohsen Nafa, Sandeep Tripathi, Yuki Itagaki, Akira Kodate, Reina Suzuki, Yuki Takahashi, Koyo Moriki, Michihito Kyo, Masamitsu Sanui, Sho Horikita, Wataru Matsuda, Shu Tahara, Mineji Hayakawa, Kunihiko Maekawa, Takuya Shiga, Yudai Iwasaki, Abdulrahman AlFares, Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Jose Gerardo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Alejandro Salcido-Montenegro, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Fatimah Hassan-Hanga, Hadiza Galadanci, Abubakar Shehu Gezawa, Halima M. S. Kabara, Taiwo Gboluwaga Amole, Halima Kabir, Dalha Gwarzo, Haliru, Abdullahi S Ibrahim, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Mashaal Syed, Syed Anosh Ali Naqvi, Igor Borisovich Zabolotskikh, Konstantin Dmitrievich Zybin, Sergey Vasilevich Sinkov, Tatiana Sergeevna Musaeva, Marwa Ridha Amer, Mohammed Abdullah Bawazeer, Talal I. Dahhan, Eiad Kseibi, Abid Shahzad Butt, Syed Moazzum Khurshid, Muath Rabee, Mohammed Abujazar, Razan Alghunaim, Maal Abualkhair, Abeer Turki AlFirm, Razan K Alamoudi, Hassan M. AlSharif, Sarah A. Almazwaghi, Mohammed S Elsakran, Mohamed A Aid, Mouaz A Darwich, Omnia M Hagag, Salah A Ali, Alona rocacorba, Kathrine Supeña, Efren Ray Juane, Jenalyn Medina, Jowany Baduria, Mohammed A Almazyad, Mohammed I Alarifi, Jara M Macarambon, Ahmad Abdullah Bukhari, Hussain A. Albahrani, Kazi N Asfina, Kaltham M Aldossary, Predrag D Stevanovic, Dejan S Stojakov, Duska K Ignjatovic, Suzana C Bojic, Marina M Bobos, Irina B Nenadic, Milica S Zaric, Marko D Djuric, Vladimir R Djukic, Bojan Kovacevic, Jovana Bojicic, Marija Zdravkovic, Zoran Todorovic, Viseslav Popadic, Slobodan Klasnja, Santiago Y. Teruel, Belen C. Martin, Himat Sulaimonov, Firuza Khudonazarova, Nabi Bakhtibekov, Nekruz Jamshedov, Uluhan Sili, Huseyin Bilgin, Pinar Ay, Varsha P Gharpure, Usman Raheemi, Kenneth W. Dodd, Nicholas Goodmanson, Kathleen Hesse, Paige Bird, Chauncey Weinert, Nathan Schoenrade, Abdulrahman Altaher, Esmael Mayar, Matthew Aronson, Tyler Cooper, Monica Logan, Brianna Miner, Gisele Papo, Eric M. Siegal, Phyllis Runningen, Catherine A. St. Hill, Roman R. Melamed, David M. Tierney, Love A. Patel, Vino S. Raj, Barite U. Dawud, Narayana Mazumder, Abbey Sidebottom, Alena M. Guenther, Benjamin D. Krehbiel, Nova J. Schmitz, Stacy L. Jepsen, Abhijit A Raval, Andrea Franks, Katherine Irby, Ronald C. Sanders, Jr., Glenda Hefley, Anmol Kharbanda, Sunil Jhajhria, Zachary Fyffe, Stephen Capizzi, Bethany Alicie, Martha Green, Lori Crockarell, Amelia Drennan, Kathleen Dubuque, Tonya Fambrough, Nikole Gasaway, Briana Krantz, Peiman Nebi, Jan Orga, Margaret Serfass, Alina Simion, Kimberly Warren, Cassie Wheeler, CJ Woolman, Andrew S. Moyer, George M. Verghese, Andrea Sikora Newsome, Christy C. Forehand, Rebecca Bruning, Timothy W. Jones, Moldovan Sabov, Fatema Zaidi, Fiona Tissavirasingham, Dhatri Malipeddi, Jarrod M Mosier, Karen Lutrick, Beth Salvagio Campbell, Cathleen Wilson, Patrick Rivers, Jonathan Brinks, Mokenge Ndiva Mongoh, Boris Gilson, Donna Lee Armaignac, Don Parris, Maria Pilar Zuniga, Ilea Vargas, Viviana Boronat, Anneka Hutton, Navneet Kaur, Prashank Neupane, Nohemi Sadule-Rios, Lourdes M. Rojas, Aashish Neupane, Priscilla Rivera, Carlos Valle Carlos, Gregory Vincent, Mahesh Amin, Mary E Schelle, Amanda Steadham, Christopher M Howard, Cameron McBride, Jocelyn Abraham, Orlando Garner, Katherine Richards, Keegan Collins, Preethi Antony, Sindhu Mathew, Valerie C. Danesh, Gueorgui Dubrocq, Amber L. Davis, Marissa J Hammers, ill M. McGahey, Amanda C. Farris, Elisa Priest, Robyn Korsmo, Lorie Fares, Kathy Skiles, Susan M. Shor, Kenya Burns, Corrie A Dowell, Melody Flores, Lindsay Newman, Debora A Wilk, Jason Ettlinger, Jaccallene Bomar, Himani Darji, Alejandro Arroliga, Alejandro C Arroliga, Corrie A. Dowell, Gabriela Hope Conzales, Debora A. Wilk, Paras B. Khandhar, Elizabeth Kring, Valerie M. Banner-Goodspeed, Somnath Bose, Lauren E. Kelly, Melisa Joseph, Marie McGourty, Krystal Capers, Benjamin Hoenig, Maria C. Karamourtopoulos, Anica C. Law, Elias N. Baedorf Kassis, Allan J. Walkey, Sushrut S. Waikar, Michael A. Garcia, Mia Colona, Zoe Kibbelaar, Michael Leong, Daniel Wallman, Kanupriya Soni, Jennifer Maccarone, Joshua Gilman, Ycar Devis, Joseph Chung, Munizay Paracha, David N. Lumelsky, Madeline DiLorenzo, Najla Abdurrahman, Shelsey Johnson, Andrew M. Hersh, Stephanie L Wachs, Brittany S. Swigger, Lauren A. Sattler, Michael N. Moulton, Kimberly Zammit, J Patrick, William McGrath, Maya Loeffler, R Chilbert, Aaron S. Miller, Edwin L. Anderson, Rosemary Nagy, Ravali R. Inja, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Alymer Tang, Arshad Safi, Cindy Green, Jackie Newell, Rayan E. Ihle, Shelda A. Martin, Elaine A. Davis, Katja M. Gist, Imran A Sayed, John Brinton, Larisa Strom, Kathleen Chiotos, Allison M. Blatz, Giyoung Lee, Ryan H. Burnett, Guy I. Sydney, Danielle M. Traynor, Karissa Nauert, Annika Gonzalez, Mariel Bagley, Anita Santpurkar, Salim Surani, Joshua White, Aftab Khan, Rahul Dhahwal, Sreekanth Cheruku, Farzin Ahmed, Christopher Deonarine, Ashley Jones, Mohammad-Ali Shaikh, David Preston, Jeanette Chin, Vidula Vachharajani, Abhijit Duggal, Prabalini Rajendram, Omar Mehkri, Siddharth Dugar, Michelle Biehl, Gretchen Sacha, Stuart Houltham, Alexander King, Kiran Ashok, Bryan Poynter, Mary Beukemann, Richard Rice, Susan Gole, Valerie Shaner, Adarsh Conjeevaram, Michelle Ferrari, Narendrakumar Alappan, Steven Minear, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Syed Sohaib Nasim, Ravi Sunderkrishnan, Debasis Sahoo, Patrick S. Milligan, Sandeep K. Gupta, Joy M. Koglin, Regina Gibson, Lana Johnson, Felicia Preston, Crimson Scott, Bethany Nungester, Steven K. Daugherty, Sam Atkinson, Kelly Shrimpton, Sidney Ontai, Brian Contreras, Uzoma Obinwanko, Nneka Amamasi, Amir Sharafi, Sarah Lee, Zahia Esber, Chetna Jinjvadia, Kimberly Welker, Francis M. Maguire, Jessica Timmer, Raquel R Bartz, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Bryan Kraft, Aaron Pulsipher, Eugene Friedman, Sachin Mehta, Margit Kaufman, Gregg Lobel, Nisha Gandhi, Amr Abdelaty, Elizabeth Shaji, Kiana Lim, Juan Marte, Dani Ashley Sosa, David P. Yamane, Ivy Benjenk, Nivedita Prasanna, Smith F. Heavner-Sullivan, Prera J. Roth, Banu Sivaraj, Haley Fulton, Madison G Herin, Marissa Crum, Morgan E. Fretwell, Emily-Rose Zhou, Christine Waller, Kara Kallies, Jonean Thorsen, Alec Fitzsimmons, Haley Olsen, Heda R. Dapul, Sourabh Verma, Alan Salas, Ariel Daube, Michelle Korn, Michelle Ramirez, Logi Rajagopalan, Laura Santos, Orma Smalls, Atul Malhotra, Abdurrahman Husain, Qais Zawaydeh, J.H. Steuernagle, Steven Q. Davis, Valentina Jovic, Max Masuda, Amanda Hayes, Katharine Nault, Michael Smith, William Snow, Riley Liptak, Hannah Durant, Valerie Pendleton, Alay Nanavati, Risa Mrozowsk, LiManoj K Gupta, Franscene E. Oulds, Akshay Nandavar, Yuk Ming Liu, Sarah Zavala, Esther Shim, Ronald A. Reilkoff, Julia A. Heneghan, Sarah Eichen, Lexie Goertzen, Scott Rajala, Ghislaine Feussom, Ben Tang, Christine C. Junia, Robert Lichtenberg, Hasrat Sidhu, Diana Espinoza, Shelden Rodrigues, Maria Jose Zabala, Daniela Goyes, Ammu Susheela, Buddhi Hatharaliyadda, Naveen Rameshkumar, Amulya Kasireddy, Genessis Maldonado, Lisseth Beltran, Akshata Chaugule, Hassan Khan, Namrata Patil, Ruhi Patil, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Ayan Sen, Amanda Palacios, Giyth M. Mahdi, Rahul Kashyap, Ognjen Gajic, Vikas Bansal, Aysun Tekin, Amos Lal, John C. O’Horo, Neha N. Deo, Mayank Sharma, Shahraz Qamar, Cory J. Kudrna, Juan Pablo Domecq Garces, Abigail T. La Nou, Marija Bogojevic, Devang Sanghavi, Pramod Guru, Karthik Gnanapandithan, Hollie Saunders, Zachary Fleissner, Juan Garcia, Alejandra Yu Lee Mateus, Siva Naga Yarrarapu, Syed Anjum Khan, Juan Pablo Domecq, Nitesh Kumar Jain, Thoyaja Koritala, Alexander Bastidas, Gabriela Orellana, Adriana Briceno Bierwirth, Eliana Milazzo, Juan Guillermo Sierra, Thao Dang, Amy B. Christie, Dennis W. Ashley, Rajani Adiga, Rahul S Nanchal, Paul A Bergl, Jennifer L Peterson, Travis Yamanaka, Nicholas A. Barreras, Michael Markos, Anita Fareeduddin, Rohan Mehta, Chakradhar Venkata, Miriam Engemann, Annamarie Mantese, Yasir Tarabichi, Adam Perzynski, Christine Wang, Dhatri Kotekal, Adriana C Briceno Bierwirth, Gabriela M Orellana, Gerardo Catalasan, Shohana Ahmed, Carlos F Matute, Ahmad Hamdan, Ivania Salinas, Genesis Del Nogal, Angel Tejada, Anna Eschler, Mary Hejna, Emily Lewandowski, Kristen Kusmierski, Clare Martin, Jen-Ting Chen, Aluko Hope, Zoe Tsagaris, Elise Ruen, Aram Hambardzumyan, Prithvi Sendi, Meghana Nadiger, Balagangadhar Totapally, Bhagat S. Aulakh, Jennifer A. Bandy, Lisa M. Kreps, Dawn R. Bollinger, Roger Scott Stienecker, Andre G. Melendez, Tressa A. Brunner, Sue M Budzon, Jessica L. Heffernan, Janelle M. Souder, Tracy L. Miller, Andrea G. Maisonneuve, Roberta E. Redfern, Jessica Shoemaker, Jennifer Micham, Lynn Kenney, Gabriel Naimy, Sara Utley, Holly Balcer, Kerry P. J. Pulver, Jennifer Yehle, Alicia Weeks, Terra Inman, Brian L. Delmonaco, Anthony Franklin, Mitchell Heath, Antonia L. Vilella, Sara B. Kutner, Kacie Clark, Danielle Moore, Shina Menon, John K McGuire, Deana Rich, Harry L. Anderson, III, Dixy Rajkumar, Ali Abunayla, Jerrilyn Heiter, Howard A. Zaren, Stephanie J. Smith, Grant C. Lewis, Lauren Seames, Cheryl Farlow, Judy Miller, Gloria Broadstreet, John Lin, Cindy Terrill, Brock Montgomery, Sydney Reyes, Summer Reyes, Alex Plattner, Anthony Martinez, Micheal Allison, Aniket Mittal, Rafael Ruiz, Aleta Skaanland, Robert Ross, Umang Patel, Jordesha Hodge, KrunalKumar Patel, Shivani Dalal, Himanshu Kavani, Sam Joseph, Michael A. Bernstein, Ian K. Goff, Matthew Naftilan, Amal Mathew, Deborah Williams, Sue Murdock, Maryanne Ducey, Kerianne Nelson, Paul K Mohabir, Connor G O’Brien, Komal Dasani, William Marx, Ioana Amzuta, Asad J. Choudhry, Mohammad T. Azam, Kristina L Carter, Michael A Olmos, Brittany M Parker, Julio Quintanilla, Tara A Craig, Brendon J Clough, Jeffrey T Jameson, Neha Gupta, Tracy L Jones, Shonda C Ayers, Amy B Harrell, Dr.Brent R Brown, Utpal S. Bhalala, Joshua Kuehne, Melinda Garcia, Morgan Beebe, Heather Herrera, Chris Fiack, Stephanie Guo, May Vawer, Beth Blackburn, Megan Edwards, Caleb Darby, Kristy Page, Amanda Brown, Jessie McAbee, Katherine A. Belden, Michael Baram, Devin M. Weber, Rosalie DePaola, Yuwei Xia, Hudson Carter, Aaron Tolley, Mark Steele, Laurie Kemble, Joshua L. Denson, A. Scott Gillet, Margo Brown, Rachael Stevens, Andrew Wetherbie, Kevin Tea, Mathew Moore, Benjamin J Sines, Thomas J Bice, Emily A. Vail, Susannah Nicholson, Rachelle B. Jonas, AnnaRose E. Dement, William Tang, Mark DeRosa, Robert E. Villarreal, Rajany V. Dy, Alfredo Iardino, Jill Sharma, Richard Czieki, Julia Christopher, Ryan Lacey, Marwan Mashina, Kushal Patel, Erica C. Bjornstad, Nancy M. Tofil, Scott House, Isabella Aldana, Nikhil K. Meena, Jose D. Caceres, Nikhil K Meena, Sarenthia M. Epps, Harmeen Goraya, Kelsey R. Besett, Ryan James, Lana Y. Abusalem, Akash K. Patel, Lana S Hasan, Dina Gomaa, Michael Goodman, Devin Wakefield, Anthony Spuzzillo, John O. Shinn, II, Azra Bihorac, Tezcan Ozrazgat Baslanti, George Omalay, Haleh Hashemighouchani, Julie S. Cupka, Matthew M Ruppert, Patrick W. McGonagill, Colette Galet, Janice Hubbard, David Wang, Lauren Allan, Aditya Badheka, Madhuradhar Chegondi, Usman Nazir, Garrett Rampon, Jake Riggle, Nathan Dismang, Vicki Montgomery, Janice Sullivan, Sarah Morris, Jennifer Nason, Roger A. Alvarez, Amarilys Alarcon-Calderon, Marie Anne Sosa, Sunita K. Mahabir, Mausam J. Patel, Pauline Park, Andrew Admon, Sinan Hanna, Rishi Chanderraj, Maria Pliakas, Ann Wolski, Jennifer Cirino, Dima Dandachi, Hariharan Regunath, Maraya N. Camazine, Grant. E. Geiger, Abdoulie O. Njai, Baraa M. Saad, Faraaz Ali Shah, Byron Chuan, Sagar L. Rawal, Manal Piracha, Joseph E. Tonna, Nicholas M. Levin, Kayte Suslavich, Rachel Tsolinas, Zachary T. Fica, Chloe R. Skidmore, Renee D. Stapleton, Anne E. Dixon, Olivia Johnson, Sara S. Ardren, Stephanie Burns, Anna Raymond, Erika Gonyaw, Kevin Hodgdon, Chloe Housenger, Benjamin Lin, Karen McQuesten, Heidi Pecott-Grimm, Julie Sweet, Sebastian Ventrone, Nita Khandelwal, T. Eoin West, Ellen S. Caldwell, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Navya Garimella, Denisse B. Dow, Murtaza Akhter, Rania Abdul Rahman, Mary Mulrow, Erin M. Wilfong, Kelsi Vela, Ashish K. Khanna, Lynne Harris, Bruce Cusson, Jacob Fowler, David Vaneenenaam, Glen McKinney, Imoh Udoh, Kathleen Johnson, Patrick G. Lyons, Andrew P Michelson, Sara S. Haluf, Lauren M. Lynch, Nguyet M. Nguyen, Aaron Steinberg, Nicholas Braus, Vishwanath Pattan, Jessica Papke, Ismail Jimada, Nida Mhid, and Samuel Chakola
Subjects: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: IMPORTANCE:. Even with its proclivity for older age, coronavirus disease 2019 has been shown to affect all age groups. However, there remains a lack of research focused primarily on the young adult population. OBJECTIVES:. To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 and identify the risk factors associated with critical illness and mortality in hospitalized young adults. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS:. A retrospective cohort study of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study registry. Patients 18–40 years old, hospitalized from coronavirus disease 2019 from March 2020 to April 2021, were included in the analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:. Critical illness was defined as a composite of mortality and 21 predefined interventions and complications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations with critical illness and mortality. RESULTS:. Data from 4,005 patients (152 centers, 19 countries, 18.6% non-U.S. patients) were analyzed. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range, 27–37 yr); 51% were female, 29.4% Hispanic, and 42.9% had obesity. Most patients (63.2%) had comorbidities, the most common being hypertension (14.5%) and diabetes (13.7%). Hospital and ICU mortality were 3.2% (129/4,005) and 8.3% (109/1,313), respectively. Critical illness occurred in 25% (n = 996), and 34.3% (n = 1,376) were admitted to the ICU. Older age (p = 0.03), male sex (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.2–2.6]), and obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.4]) were associated with hospital mortality. In addition to the above factors, the presence of any comorbidity was associated with critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including analysis with U.S. patients only and patients admitted to high-volume sites, showed similar risk factors. CONCLUSIONS:. Among hospitalized young adults, obese males with comorbidities are at higher risk of developing critical illness or dying from coronavirus disease 2019.
Published: 2021
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15. Quantifying the ossification of the carpus: Radiographic standards for age estimation in a New South Wales paediatric population

Author: Ihab Matar, Teghan Lucas, Laura Gregory, Sarang Byun, Sarah Morris, and Nalini Pather
Subjects: Age assessment, Ossification ratio, Carpus, Forensic science, Australia, Criminal law and procedure, K5000-5582
Abstract: Age estimation from radiographs is common when age is not documented, such as in forensic, refugee and asylum seeker cases. The methods currently used are outdated and not applicable to all human groups due to variations between populations and secular changes in growth. This study aims to use the ossification of the carpus in a modern sample of New South Wales children to produce an age estimation formula that can be applied to cases of undocumented age. Hand radiographs (n = 400; 194 left and 206 right) from the Sydney children’s hospital, aged from birth to 17 years (256 males and 144 females) were analysed. Bone area (BO) and carpal area (CA) were measured, and a carpus ossification ratio (BO/CA) was calculated for each individual. Linear regression analysis was used to produce a formula for age estimation. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the ossification ratio (95% CI) between wrists of left and right sides and a regression formula for age was determined to be [−0.972 + 1.403 g + 21.758 (BO/CA)] ± 1.40 (g is 1 for males and 0 for females). This regression formula accounted for 88% of total variance. The median of the absolute values of residual (MAR) and the standard error of estimate (SEE) were −0.03 years, 1.40 years respectively. Using the ossification ratio of the carpus, an age estimation formula with a relatively high degree of reliability and accuracy was generated for a modern sample of New South Wales Children.
Published: 2021
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16. Library instruction in an age of misinformation

Author: Sarah Morris
Subjects: misinformation, library instruction, information literacy, media literacy, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract: Library instruction has evolved and responded to changes in our media ecosystem for decades. And the current rise of, and interest in, misinformation presents a number of challenges and opportunities for librarians engaging in instruction work. Our current age of misinformation is somewhat unprecedented in terms of scale, and library instruction has an opportunity to innovate and grow in order to meet these new challenges. Librarians can meet the challenges posed by misinformation and our media ecosystem head-on and turn them into opportunities to develop new instruction programming that takes both a broader and a more contextualized approach to information literacy instruction. By situating the evolution of library instruction into a broader narrative of a rapidly changing media landscape, we can consider how librarians can utilize innovative approaches to library instruction to empower and equip students with the multiple literacies and fluencies that they need to succeed not just in their current academic endeavors but also in their role as information consumers and producers in an increasingly complicated and challenging media ecosystem.
Published: 2020
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17. Educational Experiences and Needs of Students in Out-of-Home Care: A Delphi Study

Author: Emily Berger, Susan Baidawi, Levita D'Souza, Philip Mendes, Sarah Morris, Jenna Bollinger, and Jade Purtell
Abstract: Numerous studies show that children and young people in out-of-home care (OOHC) face significant disadvantage in completing high school and accessing post-secondary education. The current research involved a two-round Delphi survey which aimed to identify educational challenges and school reforms to improve the educational experiences of children and young people in OOHC. A total of 45 participants from three OOHC stakeholder groups (carers of children in OOHC, professionals/educators, and young people with lived experience of OOHC) completed the round one survey which consisted of open-ended questions analysed using thematic analysis. In the second survey round, 19 participants completed a Likert scale questionnaire which drew on themes from the round one thematic analysis. Using a consensus threshold of 70% for the round two survey, participants agreed that students in OOHC face a myriad of educational challenges, such as dealing with a history of trauma, frequent home and school transitions, mental health issues and stigma as a result of being in OOHC. It was agreed that teachers lack knowledge and experience, and schools lack support for students in OOHC. Stakeholders recommended provision of greater mental health support, coordination of services and more autonomy for OOHC students regarding their education.
Published: 2024
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18. Language phenotypes in children with sex chromosome trisomies [version 2; referees: 2 approved]

Author: Dorothy V. M. Bishop, Annie Brookman-Byrne, Nikki Gratton, Elaine Gray, Georgina Holt, Louise Morgan, Sarah Morris, Eleanor Paine, Holly Thornton, and Paul A. Thompson
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background Sex chromosome trisomies (47,XXX, 47,XXY and 47,XYY) are known to be a risk factor for language disorder, but it is hard to predict outcomes, because many cases are identified only when problems are found. Methods We recruited children aged 5-16 years with all three types of trisomy, and divided them into a High Bias group, identified in the course of investigations for neurodevelopmental problems, and a Low Bias group, identified via prenatal screening or other medical investigations. Children from a twin sample were used to compare pattern and severity of language problems: they were subdivided according to parental concerns about language/history of speech-language therapy into a No Concerns group (N = 118) and a Language Concerns group (N = 57). Children were assessed on a psychometric battery and a standardized parent checklist. After excluding children with intellectual disability, autism or hearing problems, the sample included 28 XXX, 18 XXY and 14 XYY Low Bias cases and 7 XXX, 13 XXY and 17 XYY High Bias cases. Results Variation within each trisomy group was substantial: within the Low Bias group, overall language scores were depressed relative to normative data, but around one third had no evidence of problems. There was no effect of trisomy type, and the test profile was similar to the Language Concerns comparison group. The rate of problems was much greater in the High Bias children with trisomies. Conclusions When advising parents after discovery of a trisomy, it is important to emphasise that, though there is an increased risk of language problems, there is a very wide range of outcomes. Severe language problems are more common in those identified via genetic testing for neurodevelopmental problems but these are not characteristic of children identified on prenatal screening.
Published: 2019
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19. An Embedded Tutoring Model

Author: Seana Chaves, Valerie Lee, Sarah Morris, Ann Reinecke, and Austin Tome
Abstract: In response to the COVID-19 crisis, embedded tutoring became a popular model to address the need for additional student support in higher education. Four U.S. community colleges collaborated to develop a successful embedded tutoring model that provides a framework and definition for embedded tutoring and training for tutors and participating instructors that sets boundaries and uses active classroom learning. The model reviews best practices and how to use data to increase program effectiveness. Finally, it addresses potential challenges as institutions establish an embedded tutoring program.
Published: 2023

20. Check That Fact

Author: Sarah Morris
Published: 2021

21. Android Permission Classifier: a deep learning algorithmic framework based on protection and threat levels.

Author: Moses Ashawa and Sarah Morris
Published: 2021
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22. Sifting through the ashes: Amazon Fire TV stick acquisition and analysis.

Author: Melissa Hadgkiss, Sarah Morris, and Stacey Paget
Published: 2019
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23. Cheap as chips: An accessible chip off acquisition method for ball grid array (BGA) integrated circuits in digital investigations.

Author: Melissa Hadgkiss, Sarah Morris, Stacey Paget, Adrian Ventress, and Karl Norris
Published: 2022
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24. Keystroke Inference Using Smartphone Kinematics.

Author: Oliver Buckley, Duncan Hodges, Melissa Hadgkiss, and Sarah Morris
Published: 2017
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25. A novel face mask design with improved properties for COVID-19 prevention

Author: Laine Alby, Ajay Jayswal, Sarah Morris, Will McAtee, Vrishank Raghav, and Sabit Adanur
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Novel cloth face masks to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have been developed and tested for particle (0.1 μm in size) filtration efficiency, bacterial filtration efficiency, breathability, leakage, heart rate, and blood oxygen level, and then compared with the available N95 masks and surgical masks. It was found that this novel mask had better filtration efficiency than that of surgical masks and was very close to that of N95 masks. The breathability was also improved and was in the range of the designated levels for barrier face coverings. The flow visualization technique was utilized to study the leakage of the mask and it was found to have significantly lower leakage as compared to surgical masks. Heart rate and blood oxygen level tests were performed by wearing the mask during 10-minute walking sessions and it was found that wearing the mask did not adversely affect heart rate or blood oxygen levels or add any other strain on the wearer. It is believed that this novel face mask would reduce the spread of COVID-19 as well as provide an environmentally and economically conscious alternative to the N95 respirators for the public. The mask developed in this study can be washed, reused, and therefore worn for longer periods of time.
Published: 2023
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26. Acceptability and feasibility of cognitive assessments with adults with primary brain cancer and brain metastasis: A systematic review

Author: Melissa A Carlson, Elizabeth A Fradgley, Della Yates, Sarah Morris, Jordan Tait, and Christine L Paul
Subjects: Medicine (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Routine cognitive assessment for adults with brain cancers is seldom completed but vital for guiding daily living, maintaining quality of life, or supporting patients and families. This study aims to identify cognitive assessments which are pragmatic and acceptable for use in clinical settings. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched to identify studies published in English between 1990 and 2021. Publications were independently screened by two coders and included if they: (1) were peer-reviewed; (2) reported original data relating to adult primary brain tumor or brain metastases; (3) used objective or subjective assessments; (4) reported assessment acceptability or feasibility. The Psychometric And Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale was used. Consent, assessment commencement and completion, and study completion were extracted along with author-reported acceptability and feasibility data. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021234794. Across 27 studies, 21 cognitive assessments had been assessed for feasibility and acceptability; 15 were objective assessments. Acceptability data were limited and heterogeneous, particularly consent (not reported in 23 studies), assessment commencement (not reported in 19 studies), and assessment completion (not reported in 21 studies). Reasons for non-completion could be grouped into patient-factors, assessment-factors, clinician-factors, and system-factors. The three cognitive assessments with the most acceptability and feasibility data reported were the MMSE, MoCA, and NIHTB-CB. Further acceptability and feasibility data are needed including consent, commencement and completion rates. Cost, length, time, and assessor burden are needed for the MMSE, MoCA, and NIHTB-CB, along with potentially new computerized assessments suited for busy clinical settings.
Published: 2022
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27. Purple dawn: Dead disk forensics on Google's Fuchsia operating system.

Author: Matt Jarrett and Sarah Morris
Published: 2021
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28. Pharmacogenetic and clinical predictors of voriconazole concentration in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving CYP2C19-guided dosing

Author: Myra Robinson, Sarah Morris, Elizabeth Jandrisevits, Karine Lopes, Alicia Hamilton, Nury Steuerwald, Lawrence Druhan, Belinda Avalos, Edward Copelan, Nilanjan Ghosh, Michael Grunwald, and Jai Patel
Abstract: CYP2C19-guided voriconazole dosing reduces pharmacokinetic variability, but many patients remain subtherapeutic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of candidate genes and a novel CYP2C haplotype on voriconazole trough concentrations in patients receiving CYP2C19-guided dosing. This is a retrospective candidate gene study in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients receiving CYP2C19-guided voriconazole dosing. Patients were genotyped for ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and the CYP2C haplotype were genotyped. Of 185 patients, 36% were subtherapeutic (of which 79% were normal or intermediate metabolizers). In all patients, CYP2C19 (p CYP2C19 (p = 0.004) and ABCG2 (p = 0.015) were associated with voriconazole concentrations; CYP2C19 (p = 0.028) and letermovir use (p = 0.001) were associated with subtherapeutic status. CYP2C19, ABCG2, age, and letermovir use were associated with voriconazole concentrations and may be used to improve voriconazole precision dosing.
Published: 2023
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29. We're making a list and we're checking it twice, gonna find out what makes digital forensic examiners suffice

Author: Sarah Morris, Melissa Hadgkiss, Anne David, John Guinness, and Charles Frewin
Subjects: Digital Forensics, digital forensic expert, Pharmacology (medical), data recovery
Abstract: Digital forensic examinations have grown in breadth and depth at a currently unsustainable rate. Digital Investigations now feature in around 90% of criminal cases, demonstrating that digital evidence is crucial to forensic investigations. Due to the high number of cases, most law enforcement units have significant backlogs of devices waiting for analysis. As the field of Digital Investigation has grown, it is no longer solely related to criminal investigations, with the techniques also supporting civil, private, and corporate activities. Given the evident challenges, it is logical that more digital forensic experts are needed to keep pace with the field's complexities and demands. Identifying what characteristics and skills make a digital forensic expert enables an evaluation to ensure that any new staff are fit for purpose. There is a growth in academic, civil, corporate, and intelligence-based activity within the field. Each area defines their standards, field scope, and expertise level. Still, as any case has the potential to become a matter of criminal investigation, surely the focus needs to be on the standards required to ensure evidence is admissible for that purpose. As expertise levels can vary, it is also necessary to challenge the level at which an expert is defined and the implications of this decision. By identifying what makes an expert in this unique forensic science area, it is possible to explore the potential challenges the field faces in obtaining, retaining, and training staff.
Published: 2023
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30. Analysis of Mobile Malware: A Systematic Review of Evolution and Infection Strategies

Author: Moses Ashawa and Sarah Morris
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, Software_OPERATINGSYSTEMS
Abstract: The open-source and popularity of Android attracts hackers and has multiplied security concerns targeting devices. As such, malware attacks on Android are one of the security challenges facing society. This paper presents an analysis of mobile malware evolution between 2000-2020. The paper presents mobile malware types and in-depth infection strategies malware deploys to infect mobile devices. Accordingly, factors that restricted the fast spread of early malware and those that enhance the fast propagation of recent malware are identified. Moreover, the paper discusses and classifies mobile malware based on privilege escalation and attack goals. Based on the reviewed survey papers, our research presents recommendations in the form of measures to cope with emerging security threats posed by malware and thus decrease threats and malware infection rates. Finally, we identify the need for a critical analysis of mobile malware frameworks to identify their weaknesses and strengths to develop a more robust, accurate, and scalable tool from an Android detection standpoint. The survey results facilitate the understanding of mobile malware evolution and the infection trend. They also help mobile malware analysts to understand the current evasion techniques mobile malware deploys.
Published: 2021
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31. Target sequence data shed new light on the infrafamilial classification of Araceae

Author: Anna L. Haigh, Marc Gibernau, Olivier Maurin, Paul Bailey, Mónica M. Carlsen, Alistair Hay, Kevin Leempoel, Catherine McGinnie, Simon Mayo, Sarah Morris, Oscar Alejandro Pérez‐Escobar, Wong Sin Yeng, Alejandro Zuluaga, Alexandre R. Zuntini, William J. Baker, and Félix Forest
Subjects: Genetics, Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Recent phylogenetic studies of the Araceae have confirmed the position of the duckweeds nested within the aroids, and the monophyly of a clade containing all the unisexual flowered aroids plus the bisexual-flowered Calla palustris. The main objective of this work was to better resolve the deep phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages within the family, particularly the relationships between the eight currently recognized subfamilies. We also aimed to confirm the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Calla in relation to the long-debated evolutionary transition between bisexual and unisexual flowers in the family.Nuclear DNA sequence data were generated for 128 species across 111 genera (78%) of Araceae using target sequence capture and the Angiosperms353 universal probe set.The phylogenomic data confirmed the monophyly of the eight Araceae subfamilies but the phylogenetic position of subfamily Lasioideae remains uncertain. The genus Calla is included in subfamily Aroideae which has also been expanded to include Zamioculcadoideae. The tribe Aglaonemateae is newly defined to include the genera Aglaonema and Boycea.Our results strongly suggest that new research on African genera (Callopsis, Nephthytis and Anubias) and Calla will be important to understand the early evolution of the Aroideae. Also, of particular interest are the phylogenetic positions of the isolated genera Montrichardia, Zantedeschia and Anchomanes, which remain only moderately supported here. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2023
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32. Target sequence data shed new light on the infrafamilial classification of Araceae

Author: Anna Haigh, Marc Gibernau, Olivier Maurin, Paul Bailey, Monica M. Carlsen, Alistair Hay, Kevin Leempoel, Catherine McGinnie, Simon Mayo, Sarah Morris, Oscar Alejandro Pérez-Escobar, Sin Yeng Wong, Alexandre R. Zuntini, William J. Baker, and Félix Forest
Subjects: Angiosperms353, nuclear phylogenomic tree, Alismatales, Lemnoideae
Abstract: PREMISE: Recent phylogenetic studies of the Araceae have confirmed the position of the duckweeds nested within the aroids, and the monophyly of a clade containing all the unisexual flowered aroids plus the bisexual-flowered Calla palustris. The main objective of this work was to better resolve the deep phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages within the family, particularly the relationships between the eight currently recognized subfamilies. We also aimed to confirm the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Calla in relation to the long-debated evolutionary transition between bisexual and unisexual flowers in the family. METHODS: Nuclear DNA sequence data were generated for 128 species across 111 genera (78%) of Araceae using target sequence capture and the Angiosperms353 universal probe set. RESULTS: The phylogenomic data confirmed the monophyly of the eight Araceae subfamilies but the phylogenetic position of subfamily Lasioideae remains uncertain. The genus Calla is included in subfamily Aroideae which has also been expanded to include Zamioculcadoideae. The new Boycea–Aglaonema Clade is defined. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest that new research on African genera (Callopsis, Nephthytis and Anubias) and Calla will be important to understand the early evolution of the Aroideae. Also, of particular interest are the phylogenetic positions of the isolated genera Montrichardia, Zantedeschia and Anchomanes, which remain only moderately supported here.
Published: 2022
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33. The interteacher reliability of assessments of adolescents

Author: Emma Sciberras, Mathew Ling, Jade Sheen, and Sarah Morris
Subjects: Observer Variation, Adolescent, Psychometrics, education, Reproducibility of Results, PsycINFO, behavioral disciplines and activities, Mental health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Inter-rater reliability, Social skills, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, mental disorders, Humans, Normative, School Teachers, Psychology, Psychosocial, Reliability (statistics), Clinical psychology
Abstract: Teachers are uniquely placed to comment on the psychosocial functioning of their students. In particular, teacher report of symptoms and functional impairment is crucial in a diagnostic assessment of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For adolescents, however, schooling structures and other factors can influence the reliability of teacher reports. Clarity is needed for both clinicians and researchers regarding the interteacher reliability across different domains in the assessment of adolescents. This study investigated interrater reliability of teacher reports of adolescents using data from the 72-month follow-up of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) when participants were 13-15.9 years old. For adolescents with a history of ADHD (MTA; N = 177-210), and a normative comparison group (Local Normative Control Group [LNCG]; N = 100-125), intraclass correlations (ICC) were examined between Math and English teacher reports of ADHD symptoms, externalizing behavior, scholastic competence, and social functioning. Results indicate poor to moderate reliability in the assessment of adolescents with a history of ADHD for core ADHD symptoms, social functioning and scholastic competence, and moderate to good reliability of externalizing behavior. Interteacher reliability was better for the normative comparison group in all domains except social functioning, which was also poor to moderate. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of potential inconsistencies in teacher reports and where possible collect multiple teacher reports to maximize reliability. Further implications for research and clinical practice are explored. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2021
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34. Poster: Vortex Dynamics of Turning Maneuvers in Olympic-Class Sailboats

Author: Sarah Morris, James Luo, and CHK Williamson
Published: 2022
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35. A genome-wide CRISPR screen implicates plasma membrane asymmetry in exogenous C6-ceramide toxicity

Author: Siti Nur Sarah Morris, Kirandeep K. Deol, Mike Lange, and James A. Olzmann
Subjects: Sphingolipids, Cell Membrane, Membrane, Lipid, Ceramides, Sphingolipid, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ceramide, Screen, Clinical Research, CRISPR, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Other Biological Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Lipotoxicity, Cancer, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide impacts diverse cellular processes (e.g., apoptosis and cell proliferation) through its effects on membrane dynamics and intracellular signalling pathways. The dysregulation of ceramide metabolism has been implicated in cancer evasion of apoptosis and targeting ceramide metabolism has potential therapeutic benefits as a strategy to kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to ceramide-mediated cell death are vastly intertwined and incompletely understood. To shed light on this mystery, we performed a genome wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to systematically identify regulators of cancer resistance to the soluble short chain ceramide, C6 ceramide (C6-Cer). Our results reveal a complex landscape of genetic modifiers of C6-Cer toxicity, including genes associated with ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism, vesicular trafficking, and membrane biology. Furthermore, we find that loss of the phospholipid flippase subunit TMEM30A impairs the plasma membrane trafficking of its binding partner the P4-type ATPase ATP11B, and depletion of TMEM30A or ATP11B disrupts plasma membrane asymmetry and promotes resistance to C6-Cer toxicity independent of alterations in C6-Cer uptake. Together, our findings provide a resource of genetic modifiers of C6-Cer toxicity and reveal an unexpected role of plasma membrane asymmetry in C6-Cer induced cell death.
Published: 2022

36. A genome-wide CRISPR screen implicates plasma membrane asymmetry in exogenous C6-ceramide toxicity

Author: Sarah Morris, Siti Nur, primary, Deol, Kirandeep K., additional, Lange, Mike, additional, and Olzmann, James A., additional
Published: 2022
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37. Auditory Hallucinations: An Audiological Horizon?

Author: Liza Clark, Frank E. Musiek, Kayla Ichiba, Alyssa J. Davidson, and Sarah Morris
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hallucinations, Population, Audiology, Auditory cortex, 03 medical and health sciences, Speech and Hearing, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Musical hallucinations, Humans, education, Hearing Disorders, education.field_of_study, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Functional imaging, Hearing disorder, Categorization, Schizophrenia, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Auditory illusion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Audiologists
Abstract: Background Interesting data and theories have emerged regarding auditory hallucinations (AHs) in patients with schizophrenia. The possibility that these patients may have changes in the anatomy of the auditory cortex and/or subcortical structures of the central auditory nervous system and present with deficits on audiological tests is important information to the audiology community. However, it seems clear that, in general, audiologists are not sufficiently aware of these findings. Purpose There are two main purposes of this article: (1) to educate audiologists about AHs related to schizophrenia and related issues, and (2) to encourage audiologists and hearing scientists to become involved in the evaluation and research of AHs. This fascinating disorder is one in which audiologists/hearing scientists are well suited to make a significant contribution. Research Design A review and synthesis of the literature was conducted. Relevant literature was identified through PubMed, Google Scholar, as well as independent book chapters and article searches. Keywords driving the searches were AHs, auditory illusions, verbal and musical hallucinations, schizophrenia, and central auditory disorders. Given the currency of the topic, the information collected was primarily between 1990 and 2020. Study Sample The review is organized around categorization, prevalence, models, mechanisms, anatomy, pathophysiology, and audiological correlates related to AHs. Data Collection and Analysis Searches were conducted using well-known search engines and manual searches by each author. This information on AHs was then analyzed collectively by the authors for useful background and relevance, as well as important for the field of audiology. Results Several anatomical, physiological, and functional imaging studies have shown compromise of the auditory cortex in those with schizophrenia and AHs. Potentially related to this, are studies that demonstrated sub-par performance on behavioral audiologic measures for this unique clinical population. These findings align well with the kind of hearing disorder for which audiologists are well-trained to make significant contributions. Conclusion Neurobiological and audiological evidence is accumulating on patients with schizophrenia and AH potentially rendering it as both an auditory and psychiatric disorder. Audiologists should consider expanding their horizon and playing a role in the clinical investigation of this disorder.
Published: 2021
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38. ‘Excessive and Unreasonable’: The Relation Between Insight and Clinical Correlates and Treatment Outcomes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Life Course

Author: Joshua Steinberg, Sara R. Jaffee, and Sarah Morris
Abstract: While some mental disorders are inherently characterized by a disconnect from reality, sufferers of most disorders experience varying degrees of clinical insight—the degree to which someone with a mental illness understands that they are afflicted with a mental disorder and that their symptoms are caused by this psychopathology. Although clinical insight in OCD is thought to play an especially important role in determining various clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes, insight has not been addressed from a comprehensive developmental framework, the importance of which this review will elucidate. Findings from this review suggest that clinical insight is typically associated with more complex cases and worse treatment outcomes in children and adults, but also reveals that there are nuances between pediatric and adult OCD cases with low insight. Implications of these findings, future research directions, and recommendations for the field are discussed.
Published: 2022
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39. The Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity and Sport for Oceania with Non-European, Non-Asian (ONENA) Ancestry Children and Adolescents: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review

Author: Louisa R. Peralta, Renata L. Cinelli, Wayne Cotton, Sarah Morris, Olivier Galy, and Corinne Caillaud
Subjects: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Adolescent, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Australia, physical activity, PICTs, barrier, Humans, facilitator, ONENA, sport, Child, Exercise, Qualitative Research, Sports
Abstract: Background: Participation in sport and physical activity (PA) leads to better overall health, increased life expectancy, and decreased mortality rates across the lifespan; however, there may be a range of individual, family, and community factors that influence PA participation among ONENA children and adolescents residing in the 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) and Australia. This review aimed to synthesise existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding barriers to and facilitators of PA and sport among ONENA youth. Methods: The literature was systematically searched to include studies reporting barriers to and facilitators of PA and sports participation among ONENA children and adolescents aged 0–18 years residing in the 22 PICT and Australia. Using a pre-established taxonomy based on the social-ecological model, a deductive analysis was performed. Quality appraisal was performed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. Results: Of 1388 articles, 14 studies were included, with 128 ONENA children and adolescent participants across the four qualitative studies; 156,581 ONENA children and adolescents across the seven quantitative studies; 801 parents, children, and adolescents in one quantitative study; and 642 parents in two quantitative studies. Of the 14 included studies, none were based in Australia and only 10 of the 22 PICT were reported as the participants’ residence: Palau, New Zealand, Tonga, Cook Islands, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Fiji. Four studies reported barriers, and another four studies reported facilitators of PA and sport, with the remaining studies reporting both barriers and facilitators. Overall, there were more barriers reported (30 in total) than facilitators (27 in total). Conclusions: Research in this area is lacking, with ONENA youth living in Australia and 12 PICT not represented. Overall, there were a larger number of facilitators experienced at individual and interpersonal levels, while barriers were highest at the community level, with the policy level having facilitators and barriers equally represented. Programs that offer PA and sport participation options with embedded SDT-informed strategies for all family members; that are accessible through existing transport and related social, cultural, and physical infrastructure; and that are committed to communities through formal co-design partnerships are needed, to enhance the PA and sport participation of ONENA youth residing in PICT.
Published: 2022

40. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the sciatic nerve variation in the pediatric gluteal region: Implications for the posterior approach of the sciatic nerve blockade

Author: Sarang Byun, Sarah Morris, and Nalini Pather
Subjects: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Conduction, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Humans, Buttocks, Nerve Block, Child, Sciatic Nerve, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Aged
Abstract: In pediatric patients, the sciatic nerve is one of the most commonly blocked peripheral nerves during orthopedic procedures of the lower limb. Ultrasound guidance is the current standard for a successful localization of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region. Relevant anatomical landmarks are also used to determine the nerve location when ultrasound is not available or inadequate. However, reports have demonstrated paucity of information regarding the sciatic nerve location and variation in the hip throughout pediatric development. This imaging study aimed to document and analyze the relative morphometric relationship of the sciatic nerve in the pediatric gluteal region throughout development.The location of the sciatic nerve in relation to bony landmarks was measured in 84 pediatric magnetic resonance imaging of patients aged 0.7-15.8 years.The sciatic nerve was identified medial to the most lateral point of greater trochanter at the level of ischial spine and the tip of coccyx. The strong positive correlation between sciatic nerve to landmark distances and age and stature demonstrated linear variation between sciatic nerve location with age and growth of children. To predict the nerve location in the gluteal region, regression equations using patient age were created, having implications for the posterior approach of the sciatic nerve blockade in children. Clinically significant differences were found between sexes, specifically in the older age group.Despite the small sample size of younger age group, this study is the first to document the morphometric changes of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region across pediatric development and may be useful for providing confirmatory guidelines for nerve location when ultrasound is not accessible or cannot be utilized for practice.
Published: 2022

41. Responsive

Author: Jessie-Lee D, McIsaac, Madison, MacQuarrie, Rachel, Barich, Sarah, Morris, Joan C, Turner, and Melissa D, Rossiter
Subjects: Stakeholder Participation, Child Health, Humans, Child Care, Child, Nutrition Policy
Abstract: Children benefit from responsive feeding environments, where their internal signals of hunger and satiety are recognized and met with prompt, emotionally supportive and developmentally appropriate responses. Although there is existing research on responsive feeding environments in childcare, there is little synthesized literature on the implementation practices using a behavior change framework. This scoping review sought to explore the factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of responsive feeding interventions in the childcare environment, using the behavior change wheel (BCW). A total of 3197 articles were independently reviewed and 39 met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis identified the factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of responsive feeding, including the following: (1) pre-existing nutrition policies, (2) education and training, (3) provider beliefs and confidence, (4) partnership development and stakeholder engagement and (5) resource availability. The most common BCW intervention functions were education (n = 39), training (n = 38), environmental restructuring (n = 38) and enablement (n = 36). The most common policy categories included guidelines (n = 39), service provision (n = 38) and environmental/social planning (n = 38). The current literature suggests that broader policies are important for responsive feeding, along with local partnerships, training and resources, to increase confidence and efficacy among educators. Future research should consider how the use of a BCW framework may help to address the barriers to implementation and sustainability.
Published: 2022

42. Managing Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults With Substance Use Disorder (SUD): What the Addiction Specialist Needs to Know

Author: Sarah Morris, Joe Johnson, and Sanju George
Subjects: Substance abuse, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Addiction, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, General Medicine, Psychiatry, medicine.disease, business, media_common
Published: 2020
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43. Interventions for Adolescents With ADHD to Improve Peer Social Functioning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Jade Sheen, Emma Sciberras, Sarah Morris, Mathew Ling, and Denise Foley
Subjects: Parents, Adolescent, Nonpharmacological interventions, Social Interaction, Psychological intervention, Peer Group, law.invention, Treatment and control groups, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Social functioning, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Clinical Psychology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Meta-analysis, Self Report, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, Systematic search
Abstract: Objective: Peer social functioning difficulties characteristic of ADHD persist into adolescence, but the efficacy of interventions for this age group remains unclear. Method: A systematic search of nonpharmacological interventions for adolescents with ADHD (10–18 years) identified 11 trials addressing social functioning, of which eight were included in meta-analyses. Results: Random effects meta-analyses of four randomized trials found no differences in social functioning between treatment and control groups by parent- ( g = −0.08 [−0.34, 0.19], k = 4, N = 354) or teacher-report ( g = 0.17 [−0.06, 0.40], k = 3, N = 301). Meta-analyses of nonrandomized studies indicated participants’ social functioning improved from baseline to postintervention by parent-report, but not teacher- or self-report. All trials had a high risk of bias. Conclusion: These results highlight the paucity of research in this age group. There is little evidence that current interventions improve peer social functioning. Clearer conceptualizations of developmentally relevant targets for remediation may yield more efficacious social interventions.
Published: 2020
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44. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: what the non-specialist needs to know

Author: Joe Johnson, Sarah Morris, and Sanju George
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Comorbidity, Impulsivity, Pharmacological treatment, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Psychiatry, High rate, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, business.industry, Mental Disorders, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a persistent, pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by the core features of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. While previously thought to be a condition that only affects children, it is now well recognised that in a significant proportion of cases both symptoms and associated impairment will persist into adulthood. Nevertheless, many cases are missed or misdiagnosed because of the lack of awareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a potential diagnosis in adults, the number of symptoms that overlap with other psychiatric conditions, and the high rates of comorbidity. However, once correctly diagnosed, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder responds well to treatment, particularly pharmacological intervention. This article gives an overview of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with special emphasis on the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.
Published: 2020
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45. RPM real time performance management.

Author: Jila Seraj, Adrian Newcombe, Sarah Morris, Peter Haraszti, and Bernadete Fitzsimons
Published: 1998
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46. Pandemic Responsiveness in an Acute Care Setting: A Community Hospital's Utilization of Operational Resources During COVID-19

Author: Jesse McLean, Cathy Clark, Aidan McKee, Suzanne Legue, Jane Cocking, Amanda Lamarche, Corey Heerschap, Sarah Morris, Tracey Fletcher, Corey McKee, Kristal Kennedy, Leigh Gross, Andrew Broeren, Matthew Forder, Wendy Barner, Chris Tebbutt, Suzanne Kings, and Giulio DiDiodato
Subjects: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, General Medicine, General Nursing
Abstract: Jesse McLean,1 Cathy Clark,1 Aidan McKee,1,2 Suzanne Legue,1 Jane Cocking,1 Amanda Lamarche,1 Corey Heerschap,1 Sarah Morris,1 Tracey Fletcher,1 Corey McKee,1 Kristal Kennedy,1 Leigh Gross,1 Andrew Broeren,1 Matthew Forder,1 Wendy Barner,1 Chris Tebbutt,1 Suzanne Kings,1 Giulio DiDiodato1,3 1Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON, Canada; 2School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; 3Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Giulio DiDiodato, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, 201 Georgian Drive, Barrie, ON, L4M 6M2, Canada, Email DidiodatoG@rvh.on.caBackground: To ensure continuity of services while mitigating patient surge and nosocomial infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, acute care hospitals have been required to make significant operational adjustments. Here, we identify and discuss key administrative priorities and strategies utilized by a large community hospital located in Ontario, Canada.Methods: Guided by a qualitative descriptive approach, we performed a thematic analysis of all COVID-19-related documentation discussed by the hospitalâs emergency operation centre (EOC) during the pandemicâs first wave. We then solicited operational strategies from a multidisciplinary group of hospital leaders to construct a narrative for each theme.Results: Seven recurrent themes critical to the hospitalâs pandemic response emerged: 1) Organizational structure: a modified EOC structure was adopted to increase departmental interoperability and situational awareness; 2) Capacity planning: Design Thinking guided rapid infrastructure decisions to meet surge requirements; 3) Occupational health and workplace safety: a multidisciplinary team provided respirator fit-testing, critical absence adjudication, and wellness needs; 4) Human resources/workforce planning: new workforce planning, recruitment, and redeployment strategies addressed staffing shortages; 5) Personal protective equipment (PPE): PPE conservation required proactive sourcing from traditional and non-traditional suppliers; 6) Community response: local partnerships were activated to divert patients through a non-referral-based assessment and treatment centre, support long-term care and retirement homes, and establish a 70-bed field hospital; and 7) Corporate communication: a robust communication strategy provided timely and transparent access to rapidly evolving information.Conclusion: A community hospitalâs operational preparedness for COVID-19 was supported by inter-operability, leveraging internal and external expertise and partnerships, creative problem solving, and developing novel tools to support occupational health and community initiatives.Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, infection, hospital, acute care, operational
Published: 2022

47. Tension Pneumocephalus

Author: Rebecca Sarah Morris and Mark Alexander Burbridge
Subjects: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2022

48. Becoming a Responsible Information Producer

Author: Sarah Morris and Trudi Jacobson
Published: 2022
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49. My Role as an Information Producer and Sharer

Author: Sarah Morris and Trudi Jacobson
Published: 2022
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50. Identifying Information Formats

Author: Sarah Morris and Trudi Jacobson
Published: 2022
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