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SummaryMyometrial stem/progenitor cells (MyoSPCs) have been proposed as the cells of origin for uterine fibroids, which are benign tumors that develop in the myometrium of most reproductive age women, but the identity of the MyoSPC has not been well established. We previously identified SUSD2 as a possible MyoSPC marker, but the relatively poor enrichment in stem cell characteristics of SUSD2+ over SUSD2- cells compelled us to find better discerning markers for more rigorous downstream analyses. We combined bulk RNA-seq of SUSD2+/- cells with single cell RNA-seq to identify markers capable of further enriching for MyoSPCs. We observed seven distinct cell clusters within the myometrium, with the vascular myocyte cluster most highly enriched for MyoSPC characteristics and markers, includingSUSD2. CRIP1expression was found highly upregulated in both techniques and was used as a marker to sort CRIP1+/PECAM1- cells that were both enriched for colony forming potential and able to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages, suggesting that CRIP1+/PECAM1- cells could be used to better study the etiology of uterine fibroids.

Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.

Aims and methodWe assessed venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, barriers to prescribing VTE prophylaxis and completion of VTE risk assessment in psychiatric in-patients. This was a cross-sectional study conducted across three centres. We used the UK Department of Health VTE risk assessment tool which had been adapted for psychiatric patients.ResultsOf the 470 patients assessed, 144 (30.6%) were at increased risk of VTE. Patients on old age wards were more likely to be at increased risk than those on general adult wards (odds ratio = 2.26, 95% CI 1.51–3.37). Of those at higher risk of VTE, auditors recorded concerns about prescribing prophylaxis in 70 patients (14.9%). Only 20 (4.3%) patients had a completed risk assessment.Clinical implicationsMental health in-patients are likely to be at increased risk of VTE. VTE risk assessment is not currently embedded in psychiatric in-patient care. There is a need for guidance specific to this population.

422 THE QUEST TO FIND HIGH GRADE PROSTATE CANCER: ARE WE FAILING? Sarah Fitch*, Michael S Cohen, Robin Ruthazer, John A Libertino. Burlington, MA, and Boston, MA. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: With the advent of PSA screening and a standard 12-core needle prostate biopsy, prostate cancer is being diagnosed with increasing frequency at an earlier stage of disease. Therefore, we are interested in determining if our ability to diagnose high grade prostate cancer has improved. METHODS: The biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason scores

We report diagnostic imaging and histopathologic findings in four children with different cystic renal neoplasms. The features discerned with computed tomography (CT), as well as ultrasound, correlated well with gross histologic findings, although a definitive diagnosis could not be made on the basis of CT and ultrasound alone. Because the most malignant variants of these lesions cannot be excluded preoperatively, we advocate complete diagnostic imaging studies, followed by nephrectomy, for all cases of cystic renal neoplasms in infants and children.