60 results on '"Sarah E. Reese"'
Search Results
2. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation in newborns and children identifies numerous loci related to gestational age
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Simon Kebede Merid, Alexei Novoloaca, Gemma C. Sharp, Leanne K. Küpers, Alvin T. Kho, Ritu Roy, Lu Gao, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Pooja Jain, Michelle Plusquin, Manolis Kogevinas, Catherine Allard, Florianne O. Vehmeijer, Nabila Kazmi, Lucas A. Salas, Faisal I. Rezwan, Hongmei Zhang, Sylvain Sebert, Darina Czamara, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Phillip E. Melton, Debbie A. Lawlor, Göran Pershagen, Carrie V. Breton, Karen Huen, Nour Baiz, Luigi Gagliardi, Tim S. Nawrot, Eva Corpeleijn, Patrice Perron, Liesbeth Duijts, Ellen Aagaard Nohr, Mariona Bustamante, Susan L. Ewart, Wilfried Karmaus, Shanshan Zhao, Christian M. Page, Zdenko Herceg, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Jari Lahti, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Denise Anderson, Priyadarshini Kachroo, Caroline L. Relton, Anna Bergström, Brenda Eskenazi, Munawar Hussain Soomro, Paolo Vineis, Harold Snieder, Luigi Bouchard, Vincent W. Jaddoe, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Martine Vrijheid, S. Hasan Arshad, John W. Holloway, Siri E. Håberg, Per Magnus, Terence Dwyer, Elisabeth B. Binder, Dawn L. DeMeo, Judith M. Vonk, John Newnham, Kelan G. Tantisira, Inger Kull, Joseph L. Wiemels, Barbara Heude, Jordi Sunyer, Wenche Nystad, Monica C. Munthe-Kaas, Katri Räikkönen, Emily Oken, Rae-Chi Huang, Scott T. Weiss, Josep Maria Antó, Jean Bousquet, Ashish Kumar, Cilla Söderhäll, Catarina Almqvist, Andres Cardenas, Olena Gruzieva, Cheng-Jian Xu, Sarah E. Reese, Juha Kere, Petter Brodin, Olivia Solomon, Matthias Wielscher, Nina Holland, Akram Ghantous, Marie-France Hivert, Janine F. Felix, Gerard H. Koppelman, Stephanie J. London, and Erik Melén
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Development ,Epigenetics ,Gestational age ,Preterm birth ,Transcriptomics ,Medicine ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Preterm birth and shorter duration of pregnancy are associated with increased morbidity in neonatal and later life. As the epigenome is known to have an important role during fetal development, we investigated associations between gestational age and blood DNA methylation in children. Methods We performed meta-analysis of Illumina’s HumanMethylation450-array associations between gestational age and cord blood DNA methylation in 3648 newborns from 17 cohorts without common pregnancy complications, induced delivery or caesarean section. We also explored associations of gestational age with DNA methylation measured at 4–18 years in additional pediatric cohorts. Follow-up analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression correlations were performed in cord blood. DNA methylation profiles were also explored in tissues relevant for gestational age health effects: fetal brain and lung. Results We identified 8899 CpGs in cord blood that were associated with gestational age (range 27–42 weeks), at Bonferroni significance, P
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- 2020
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3. Donor genetic and nongenetic factors affecting red blood cell transfusion effectiveness
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Nareg H. Roubinian, Sarah E. Reese, Hannah Qiao, Colleen Plimier, Fang Fang, Grier P. Page, Ritchard G. Cable, Brian Custer, Mark T. Gladwin, Ruchika Goel, Bob Harris, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, Tamir Kanias, Steve Kleinman, Alan E. Mast, Steven R. Sloan, Bryan R. Spencer, Steven L. Spitalnik, Michael P. Busch, Eldad A. Hod, and on behalf of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study IV Pediatrics (REDS-IV-P)
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Hematology ,Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND RBC transfusion effectiveness varies due to donor, component, and recipient factors. Prior studies identified characteristics associated with variation in hemoglobin increments following transfusion. We extended these observations, examining donor genetic and nongenetic factors affecting transfusion effectiveness.METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective study of 46,705 patients and 102,043 evaluable RBC transfusions from 2013 to 2016 across 12 hospitals. Transfusion effectiveness was defined as hemoglobin, bilirubin, or creatinine increments following single RBC unit transfusion. Models incorporated a subset of donors with data on single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with osmotic and oxidative hemolysis in vitro. Mixed modeling accounting for repeated transfusion episodes identified predictors of transfusion effectiveness.RESULTS Blood donor (sex, Rh status, fingerstick hemoglobin, smoking), component (storage duration, γ irradiation, leukoreduction, apheresis collection, storage solution), and recipient (sex, BMI, race and ethnicity, age) characteristics were associated with hemoglobin and bilirubin, but not creatinine, increments following RBC transfusions. Increased storage duration was associated with increased bilirubin and decreased hemoglobin increments, suggestive of in vivo hemolysis following transfusion. Donor G6PD deficiency and polymorphisms in SEC14L4, HBA2, and MYO9B genes were associated with decreased hemoglobin increments. Donor G6PD deficiency and polymorphisms in SEC14L4 were associated with increased transfusion requirements in the subsequent 48 hours.CONCLUSION Donor genetic and other factors, such as RBC storage duration, affect transfusion effectiveness as defined by decreased hemoglobin or increased bilirubin increments. Addressing these factors will provide a precision medicine approach to improve patient outcomes, particularly for chronically transfused RBC recipients, who would most benefit from more effective transfusion products.FUNDING Funding was provided by HHSN 75N92019D00032, HHSN 75N92019D00034, 75N92019D00035, HHSN 75N92019D00036, and HHSN 75N92019D00037; R01HL126130; and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).
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- 2022
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4. An Integrated Mechanistic Model of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Opioid-Exposed Mother–Infant Dyads
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Sarah E. Reese, Elisabeth Conradt, Michael R. Riquino, and Eric L. Garland
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pregnancy ,parenting (MeSH) ,opioid misuse ,mindfulness ,savoring ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
A growing body of neurobiological and psychological research sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of opioid use disorder and its relation to parenting behavior. Perinatal opioid use is associated with risks for women and children, including increased risk of child maltreatment. Drawing from extant data, here we provide an integrated mechanistic model of perinatal opioid use, parenting behavior, infant attachment, and child well-being to inform the development and adaptation of behavioral interventions for opioid-exposed mother–infant dyads. The model posits that recurrent perinatal opioid use may lead to increased stress sensitivity and reward dysregulation for some mothers, resulting in decreased perceived salience of infant cues, disengaged parenting behavior, disrupted infant attachment, and decreased child well-being. We conclude with a discussion of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement as a means of addressing mechanisms undergirding perinatal opioid use, parenting, and attachment, presenting evidence on the efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of mindfulness. As perinatal opioid use increases in the United States, empirically informed models can be used to guide treatment development research and address this growing concern.
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- 2021
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5. Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in neonates reveals widespread differential DNA methylation associated with birthweight
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Leanne K. Küpers, Claire Monnereau, Gemma C. Sharp, Paul Yousefi, Lucas A. Salas, Akram Ghantous, Christian M. Page, Sarah E. Reese, Allen J. Wilcox, Darina Czamara, Anne P. Starling, Alexei Novoloaca, Samantha Lent, Ritu Roy, Cathrine Hoyo, Carrie V. Breton, Catherine Allard, Allan C. Just, Kelly M. Bakulski, John W. Holloway, Todd M. Everson, Cheng-Jian Xu, Rae-Chi Huang, Diana A. van der Plaat, Matthias Wielscher, Simon Kebede Merid, Vilhelmina Ullemar, Faisal I. Rezwan, Jari Lahti, Jenny van Dongen, Sabine A. S. Langie, Tom G. Richardson, Maria C. Magnus, Ellen A. Nohr, Zongli Xu, Liesbeth Duijts, Shanshan Zhao, Weiming Zhang, Michelle Plusquin, Dawn L. DeMeo, Olivia Solomon, Joosje H. Heimovaara, Dereje D. Jima, Lu Gao, Mariona Bustamante, Patrice Perron, Robert O. Wright, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Hongmei Zhang, Margaret R. Karagas, Ulrike Gehring, Carmen J. Marsit, Lawrence J. Beilin, Judith M. Vonk, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Anna Bergström, Anne K. Örtqvist, Susan Ewart, Pia M. Villa, Sophie E. Moore, Gonneke Willemsen, Arnout R. L. Standaert, Siri E. Håberg, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Jack A. Taylor, Katri Räikkönen, Ivana V. Yang, Katerina Kechris, Tim S. Nawrot, Matt J. Silver, Yun Yun Gong, Lorenzo Richiardi, Manolis Kogevinas, Augusto A. Litonjua, Brenda Eskenazi, Karen Huen, Hamdi Mbarek, Rachel L. Maguire, Terence Dwyer, Martine Vrijheid, Luigi Bouchard, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Lisa A. Croen, Wilfried Karmaus, Denise Anderson, Maaike de Vries, Sylvain Sebert, Juha Kere, Robert Karlsson, Syed Hasan Arshad, Esa Hämäläinen, Michael N. Routledge, Dorret I. Boomsma, Andrew P. Feinberg, Craig J. Newschaffer, Eva Govarts, Matthieu Moisse, M. Daniele Fallin, Erik Melén, Andrew M. Prentice, Eero Kajantie, Catarina Almqvist, Emily Oken, Dana Dabelea, H. Marike Boezen, Phillip E. Melton, Rosalind J. Wright, Gerard H. Koppelman, Letizia Trevisi, Marie-France Hivert, Jordi Sunyer, Monica C. Munthe-Kaas, Susan K. Murphy, Eva Corpeleijn, Joseph Wiemels, Nina Holland, Zdenko Herceg, Elisabeth B. Binder, George Davey Smith, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Rolv T. Lie, Wenche Nystad, Stephanie J. London, Debbie A. Lawlor, Caroline L. Relton, Harold Snieder, and Janine F. Felix
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Science - Abstract
Birthweight has been found to associate with later-life health outcomes. Here the authors perform a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, identifying differentially methylated CpGs in neonatal blood that associate with birthweight.
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- 2019
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6. Maternal plasma folate impacts differential DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide meta-analysis of newborns
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Bonnie R. Joubert, Herman T. den Dekker, Janine F. Felix, Jon Bohlin, Symen Ligthart, Emma Beckett, Henning Tiemeier, Joyce B. van Meurs, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman, Siri E. Håberg, Sarah E. Reese, Marjolein J. Peters, Bettina Kulle Andreassen, Eric A. P. Steegers, Roy M. Nilsen, Stein E. Vollset, Øivind Midttun, Per M. Ueland, Oscar H. Franco, Abbas Dehghan, Johan C. de Jongste, Michael C. Wu, Tianyuan Wang, Shyamal D. Peddada, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Wenche Nystad, Liesbeth Duijts, and Stephanie J. London
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Science - Abstract
Folic acid is routinely recommended for women trying to conceive to ensure proper fetal development. Here, the authors perform a large epigenomics study to examine which fetal epigenetic changes are associated with varied maternal plasma folate levels.
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- 2016
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7. Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Durability in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization and Critical Illness Among Adults with and Without Immunocompromising Conditions — VISION Network, September 2022–April 2023
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Ruth Link-Gelles, Zachary A. Weber, Sarah E. Reese, Amanda B. Payne, Manjusha Gaglani, Katherine Adams, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Karthik Natarajan, Malini B. DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A. Irving, Nicola P. Klein, Shaun J. Grannis, Toan C. Ong, Peter J. Embi, Margaret M. Dunne, Monica Dickerson, Charlene McEvoy, Julie Arndorfer, Allison L. Naleway, Kristin Goddard, Brian E. Dixon, Eric P. Griggs, John Hansen, Nimish Valvi, Morgan Najdowski, Julius Timbol, Colin Rogerson, Bruce Fireman, William F. Fadel, Palak Patel, Caitlin S. Ray, Ryan Wiegand, Sarah Ball, and Mark W. Tenforde
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Health (social science) ,Health Information Management ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
8. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompetent Adults — VISION Network, Nine States, September–November 2022
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Mark W. Tenforde, Zachary A. Weber, Karthik Natarajan, Nicola P. Klein, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Edward Stenehjem, Peter J. Embi, Sarah E. Reese, Allison L. Naleway, Shaun J. Grannis, Malini B. DeSilva, Toan C. Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Jungmi Han, Monica Dickerson, Bruce Fireman, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A. Irving, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Suchitra Rao, Deepika Konatham, Palak Patel, Kristin E. Schrader, Ned Lewis, Nancy Grisel, Charlene McEvoy, Kempapura Murthy, Eric P. Griggs, Elizabeth A. K. Rowley, Ousseny Zerbo, Julie Arndorfer, Margaret M. Dunne, Kristin Goddard, Caitlin Ray, Yan Zhuang, Julius Timbol, Morgan Najdowski, Duck-Hye Yang, John Hansen, Sarah W. Ball, and Ruth Link-Gelles
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Health (social science) ,Health Information Management ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine - Abstract
During June-October 2022, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 sublineage accounted for most of the sequenced viral genomes in the United States, with further Omicron sublineage diversification through November 2022.* Bivalent mRNA vaccines contain an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain component plus an updated component of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages. On September 1, 2022, a single bivalent booster dose was recommended for adults who had completed a primary vaccination series (with or without subsequent booster doses), with the last dose administered ≥2 months earlier (1). During September 13-November 18, the VISION Network evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a bivalent mRNA booster dose (after 2, 3, or 4 monovalent doses) compared with 1) no previous vaccination and 2) previous receipt of 2, 3, or 4 monovalent-only mRNA vaccine doses, among immunocompetent adults aged ≥18 years with an emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounter or hospitalization for a COVID-19-like illness.
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- 2023
9. Relationships Between Social Vulnerability and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Coverage and Vaccine Effectiveness
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Alexandra F Dalton, Zachary A Weber, Katie S Allen, Edward Stenehjem, Stephanie A Irving, Talia L Spark, Katherine Adams, Ousseny Zerbo, Victoria Lazariu, Brian E Dixon, Kristin Dascomb, Emily Hartmann, Anupam B Kharbanda, Toan C Ong, Malini B DeSilva, Maura Beaton, Manjusha Gaglani, Palak Patel, Allison L Naleway, Magdalene N S Kish, Shaun J Grannis, Nancy Grisel, Chantel Sloan-Aagard, Suchitra Rao, Chandni Raiyani, Monica Dickerson, Elizabeth Bassett, William F Fadel, Julie Arndorfer, Juan Nanez, Michelle A Barron, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, I Chia Liao, Eric P Griggs, Sarah E Reese, Nimish R Valvi, Kempapura Murthy, Elizabeth A K Rowley, Peter J Embi, Sarah Ball, Ruth Link-Gelles, and Mark W Tenforde
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination coverage remains lower in communities with higher social vulnerability. Factors such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure risk and access to healthcare are often correlated with social vulnerability and may therefore contribute to a relationship between vulnerability and observed vaccine effectiveness (VE). Understanding whether these factors impact VE could contribute to our understanding of real-world VE. Methods We used electronic health record data from 7 health systems to assess vaccination coverage among patients with medically attended COVID-19-like illness. We then used a test-negative design to assess VE for 2- and 3-dose messenger RNA (mRNA) adult (≥18 years) vaccine recipients across Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) quartiles. SVI rankings were determined by geocoding patient addresses to census tracts; rankings were grouped into quartiles for analysis. Results In July 2021, primary series vaccination coverage was higher in the least vulnerable quartile than in the most vulnerable quartile (56% vs 36%, respectively). In February 2022, booster dose coverage among persons who had completed a primary series was higher in the least vulnerable quartile than in the most vulnerable quartile (43% vs 30%). VE among 2-dose and 3-dose recipients during the Delta and Omicron BA.1 periods of predominance was similar across SVI quartiles. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied substantially by SVI. Differences in VE estimates by SVI were minimal across groups after adjusting for baseline patient factors. However, lower vaccination coverage among more socially vulnerable groups means that the burden of illness is still disproportionately borne by the most socially vulnerable populations.
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- 2023
10. Protection of Two and Three mRNA Vaccine Doses Against Severe Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19—VISION Network, August 2021 to March 2022
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Malini B DeSilva, Patrick K Mitchell, Nicola P Klein, Brian E Dixon, Mark W Tenforde, Mark G Thompson, Allison L Naleway, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong, Karthik Natarajan, Sarah E Reese, Ousseny Zerbo, Anupam B Kharbanda, Palak Patel, Edward Stenehjem, Chandni Raiyani, Stephanie A Irving, William F Fadel, Suchitra Rao, Jungmi Han, Sue Reynolds, Jonathan M Davis, Ned Lewis, Charlene McEvoy, Monica Dickerson, Kristin Dascomb, Nimish R Valvi, Michelle A Barron, Kristin Goddard, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Nancy Grisel, Mufaddal Mamawala, Peter J Embi, Bruce Fireman, Inih J Essien, Eric P Griggs, Julie Arndorfer, and Manjusha Gaglani
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Infectious Diseases ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Background We assessed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination impact on illness severity among adults hospitalized with COVID-19, August 2021–March 2022. Methods We evaluated differences in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, in-hospital death, and length of stay among vaccinated (2 or 3 mRNA vaccine doses) versus unvaccinated patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized for ≥24 hours with COVID-19–like illness and positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) molecular testing. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for ICU admission and death and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) for time to hospital discharge adjusted for age, geographic region, calendar time, and local virus circulation. Results We included 27 149 SARS-CoV-2–positive hospitalizations. During both Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods, protection against ICU admission was strongest among 3-dose vaccinees compared with unvaccinated patients (Delta OR, 0.52 [95% CI, .28–.96]; Omicron OR, 0.69 [95% CI, .54–.87]). During both periods, risk of in-hospital death was lower among vaccinated compared with unvaccinated patients but ORs overlapped across vaccination strata. We observed SHR >1 across all vaccination strata in both periods indicating faster discharge for vaccinated patients. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccination was associated with lower rates of ICU admission and in-hospital death in both Delta and Omicron periods compared with being unvaccinated.
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- 2022
11. Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Doses Among Immunocompetent Adults During Periods when SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 Sublineages Predominated — VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021–June 2022
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Ruth Link-Gelles, Matthew E. Levy, Manjusha Gaglani, Stephanie A. Irving, Melissa Stockwell, Kristin Dascomb, Malini B. DeSilva, Sarah E. Reese, I-Chia Liao, Toan C. Ong, Shaun J. Grannis, Charlene McEvoy, Palak Patel, Nicola P. Klein, Emily Hartmann, Edward Stenehjem, Karthik Natarajan, Allison L. Naleway, Kempapura Murthy, Suchitra Rao, Brian E. Dixon, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Akintunde Akinseye, Monica Dickerson, Ned Lewis, Nancy Grisel, Jungmi Han, Michelle A. Barron, William F. Fadel, Margaret M. Dunne, Kristin Goddard, Julie Arndorfer, Deepika Konatham, Nimish R. Valvi, J. C. Currey, Bruce Fireman, Chandni Raiyani, Ousseny Zerbo, Chantel Sloan-Aagard, Sarah W. Ball, Mark G. Thompson, and Mark W. Tenforde
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Adult ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Health (social science) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,United States ,Health Information Management ,Influenza Vaccines ,Influenza, Human ,Humans ,mRNA Vaccines ,BNT162 Vaccine - Abstract
The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first identified in the United States in November 2021, with the BA.1 sublineage (including BA.1.1) causing the largest surge in COVID-19 cases to date. Omicron sublineages BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 emerged later and by late April 2022, accounted for most cases.* Estimates of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) can be reduced by newly emerging variants or sublineages that evade vaccine-induced immunity (1), protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated persons (2), or increasing time since vaccination (3). Real-world data comparing VE during the periods when the BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 predominated (BA.1 period and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 period, respectively) are limited. The VISION network
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- 2022
12. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination in Children and Adolescents
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Nicola P. Klein, Maria Demarco, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Melissa S. Stockwell, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Manjusha Gaglani, Suchitra Rao, Ned Lewis, Stephanie A. Irving, Emily Hartmann, Karthik Natarajan, Alexandra F. Dalton, Ousseny Zerbo, Malini B. DeSilva, Deepika Konatham, Edward Stenehjem, Elizabeth A. K. Rowley, Toan C. Ong, Shaun J. Grannis, Chantel Sloan-Aagard, Jungmi Han, Jennifer R Verani, Chandni Raiyani, Kristin Dascomb, Sarah E. Reese, Michelle A. Barron, William F. Fadel, Allison L. Naleway, Juan Nanez, Monica Dickerson, Kristin Goddard, Kempapura Murthy, Nancy Grisel, Zacharay A. Weber, Brian E. Dixon, Palak Patel, Bruce Fireman, Julie Arndorfer, Nimish R. Valvi, Eric P. Griggs, Carly Hallowell, Peter J. Embi, Sarah W. Ball, Mark G. Thompson, Mark W. Tenforde, and Ruth Link-Gelles
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild to moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents through the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 period. METHODS Using VISION Network records from April 2021 to September 2022, we conducted a test-negative, case-control study assessing VE against COVID-19-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounters and hospitalizations using logistic regression, conditioned on month and site, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS We compared 9800 ED/UC cases with 70 232 controls, and 305 hospitalized cases with 2612 controls. During Delta, 2-dose VE against ED/UC encounters at 12 to 15 years was initially 93% (95% confidence interval 89 to 95), waning to 77% (69% to 84%) after ≥150 days. At ages 16 to 17, VE was initially 93% (86% to 97%), waning to 72% (63% to 79%) after ≥150 days. During Omicron, VE at ages 12 to 15 was initially 64% (44% to 77%), waning to 13% (3% to 23%) after ≥150 days; at ages 16 to 17 VE was 31% (10% to 47%) during days 60 to 149, waning to 7% (−8 to 20%) after 150 days. A monovalent booster increased VE to 54% (40% to 65%) at ages 12 to 15 and 46% (30% to 58%) at ages 16 to 17. At ages 5 to 11, 2-dose VE was 49% (33% to 61%) initially and 41% (29% to 51%) after 150 days. During Delta, VE against hospitalizations at ages 12 to 17 was high (>97%), and at ages 16 to 17 remained 98% (73% to 100%) beyond 150 days; during Omicron, hospitalizations were too infrequent to precisely estimate VE. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 protected children and adolescents against mild to moderate and severe COVID-19. VE was lower during Omicron predominance including BA.4/BA.5, waned after dose 2 but increased after a monovalent booster. Children and adolescents should receive all recommended COVID-19 vaccinations.
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- 2023
13. Protection From COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination and Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Against COVID-19–Associated Encounters in Adults During Delta and Omicron Predominance
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Catherine H Bozio, Kristen A Butterfield, Melissa Briggs Hagen, Shaun Grannis, Paul Drawz, Emily Hartmann, Toan C Ong, Bruce Fireman, Karthik Natarajan, Kristin Dascomb, Manjusha Gaglani, Malini B DeSilva, Duck-Hye Yang, Claire M Midgley, Brian E Dixon, Allison L Naleway, Nancy Grisel, I Chia Liao, Sarah E Reese, William F Fadel, Stephanie A Irving, Ned Lewis, Julie Arndorfer, Kempapura Murthy, John Riddles, Nimish R Valvi, Mufaddal Mamawala, Peter J Embi, Mark G Thompson, and Edward Stenehjem
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Infectious Diseases ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Background Data assessing protection conferred from COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta and Omicron predominance periods in the United States are limited. Methods This cohort study included persons ≥18 years who had ≥1 health care encounter across 4 health systems and had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 before 26 August 2021. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection defined the exposure. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for the Delta and Omicron periods; protection was calculated as (1−HR)×100%. Results Compared to unvaccinated and previously uninfected persons, during Delta predominance, protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations was high for those 2- or 3-dose vaccinated and previously infected, 3-dose vaccinated alone, and prior infection alone (range, 91%–97%, with overlapping 95% confidence intervals [CIs]); during Omicron predominance, estimates were lower (range, 77%–90%). Protection against COVID-19–associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) encounters during Delta predominance was high for those exposure groups (range, 86%–93%); during Omicron predominance, protection remained high for those 3-dose vaccinated with or without a prior infection (76%; 95% CI = 67%–83% and 71%; 95% CI = 67%–73%, respectively). Conclusions COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provided protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalizations and ED/UC encounters regardless of variant. Staying up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination still provides protection against severe COVID-19 disease, regardless of prior infection.
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- 2023
14. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Nonimmunocompromised Children and Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years — VISION Network, 10 States, April 2021–January 2022
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Nicola P. Klein, Melissa S. Stockwell, Maria Demarco, Manjusha Gaglani, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Stephanie A. Irving, Suchitra Rao, Shaun J. Grannis, Kristin Dascomb, Kempapura Murthy, Elizabeth A. Rowley, Alexandra F. Dalton, Malini B. DeSilva, Brian E. Dixon, Karthik Natarajan, Edward Stenehjem, Allison L. Naleway, Ned Lewis, Toan C. Ong, Palak Patel, Deepika Konatham, Peter J. Embi, Sarah E. Reese, Jungmi Han, Nancy Grisel, Kristin Goddard, Michelle A. Barron, Monica Dickerson, I-Chia Liao, William F. Fadel, Duck-Hye Yang, Julie Arndorfer, Bruce Fireman, Eric P. Griggs, Nimish R. Valvi, Carly Hallowell, Ousseny Zerbo, Sue Reynolds, Jill Ferdinands, Mehiret H. Wondimu, Jeremiah Williams, Catherine H. Bozio, Ruth Link-Gelles, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Stephanie J. Schrag, Mark G. Thompson, and Jennifer R. Verani
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Health (social science) ,Health Information Management ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
15. Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity — Nine States, January–September 2021
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Rachael M. Porter, I-Chia Liao, Palak Patel, Nimish R Valvi, Duck-Hye Yang, Sue Reynolds, Ned Lewis, Patrick K. Mitchell, Catherine H Bozio, Malini B. DeSilva, Sarah Ball, Manjusha Gaglani, Brian E. Dixon, Kristin Goddard, Toan C Ong, Edward Stenehjem, Kristen A Butterfield, Stephanie A. Irving, Charlene McEvoy, Bruce Fireman, Anupam B Kharbanda, Andrea Steffens, Rebecca J Birch, Nancy Grisel, Peter J Embi, Meredith McMorrow, Julie Arndorfer, Shaun J. Grannis, Jennifer R. Verani, Natalie Olson, Kempapura Murthy, Jill M. Ferdinands, Elizabeth A Rowley, Alicia M. Fry, Jungmi Han, Lenee Blanton, Mark G. Thompson, Eric P Griggs, Chandni Raiyani, Kristin Dascomb, William F. Fadel, Suchitra Rao, Matthew E Levy, Karthik Natarajan, Michelle A Barron, Nicola P. Klein, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Sarah E Reese, Ousseny Zerbo, Stephanie J. Schrag, Monica Dickerson, Allison L. Naleway, and Jeremiah Williams
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Virus ,Odds ,Young Adult ,Health Information Management ,Immunity ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Full Report ,Young adult ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Hospitalization ,Vaccination ,Female ,Laboratories ,business - Abstract
Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) or COVID-19 vaccination can provide immunity and protection from subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and illness. CDC used data from the VISION Network* to examine hospitalizations in adults with COVID-19-like illness and compared the odds of receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and thus having laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, between unvaccinated patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring 90-179 days before COVID-19-like illness hospitalization, and patients who were fully vaccinated with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 90-179 days before hospitalization with no previous documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hospitalized adults aged ≥18 years with COVID-19-like illness were included if they had received testing at least twice: once associated with a COVID-19-like illness hospitalization during January-September 2021 and at least once earlier (since February 1, 2020, and ≥14 days before that hospitalization). Among COVID-19-like illness hospitalizations in persons whose previous infection or vaccination occurred 90-179 days earlier, the odds of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics) among unvaccinated, previously infected adults were higher than the odds among fully vaccinated recipients of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with no previous documented infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.75-10.99). These findings suggest that among hospitalized adults with COVID-19-like illness whose previous infection or vaccination occurred 90-179 days earlier, vaccine-induced immunity was more protective than infection-induced immunity against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. All eligible persons should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as soon as possible, including unvaccinated persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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- 2021
16. Accuracy of COVID-19-Like-Illness Diagnoses in Electronic Health Record Data: Retrospective Cohort Study
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Suchitra Rao, Catherine Bozio, Kristen Butterfield, Sue Reynolds, Sarah E Reese, Sarah Ball, Andrea Steffens, Maria Demarco, Charlene McEvoy, Mark Thompson, Elizabeth Rowley, Rachael M Porter, Rebecca V Fink, Stephanie A Irving, and Allison Naleway
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Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics - Abstract
Background Electronic health record (EHR) data provide a unique opportunity to study the epidemiology of COVID-19, clinical outcomes of the infection, comparative effectiveness of therapies, and vaccine effectiveness but require a well-defined computable phenotype of COVID-19–like illness (CLI). Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of pathogen-specific and other acute respiratory illness (ARI) International Statistical Classification of Diseases-9 and -10 codes in identifying COVID-19 cases in emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) and inpatient settings. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using EHR, claims, and laboratory information system data of ED or UC and inpatient encounters from 4 health systems in the United States. Patients who were aged ≥18 years, had an ED or UC or inpatient encounter for an ARI, and underwent a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021, were included. We evaluated various CLI definitions using combinations of International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 codes as follows: COVID-19–specific codes; CLI definition used in VISION network studies; ARI signs, symptoms, and diagnosis codes only; signs and symptoms of ARI only; and random forest model definitions. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of each CLI definition using a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test as the reference standard. We evaluated the performance of each CLI definition for distinct hospitalization and ED or UC cohorts. Results Among 90,952 hospitalizations and 137,067 ED or UC visits, 5627 (6.19%) and 9866 (7.20%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. COVID-19–specific codes had high sensitivity (91.6%) and specificity (99.6%) in identifying patients with SARS-CoV-2 positivity among hospitalized patients. The VISION CLI definition maintained high sensitivity (95.8%) but lowered specificity (45.5%). By contrast, signs and symptoms of ARI had low sensitivity and positive predictive value (28.9% and 11.8%, respectively) but higher specificity and negative predictive value (85.3% and 94.7%, respectively). ARI diagnoses, signs, and symptoms alone had low predictive performance. All CLI definitions had lower sensitivity for ED or UC encounters. Random forest approaches identified distinct CLI definitions with high performance for hospital encounters and moderate performance for ED or UC encounters. Conclusions COVID-19–specific codes have high sensitivity and specificity in identifying adults with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results. Separate combinations of COVID-19-specific codes and ARI codes enhance the utility of CLI definitions in studies using EHR data in hospital and ED or UC settings.
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- 2022
17. Relationships between social vulnerability and COVID-19 vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness
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Alexandra F, Dalton, Zachary A, Weber, Katie S, Allen, Edward, Stenehjem, Stephanie A, Irving, Talia L, Spark, Katherine, Adams, Ousseny, Zerbo, Victoria, Lazariu, Brian E, Dixon, Kristin, Dascomb, Emily, Hartmann, Anupam B, Kharbanda, Toan C, Ong, Malini B, DeSilva, Maura, Beaton, Manjusha, Gaglani, Palak, Patel, Allison L, Naleway, Magdalene N, Sam Kish, Shaun J, Grannis, Nancy, Grisel, Chantel, Sloan-Aagard, Suchitra, Rao, Chandni, Raiyani, Monica, Dickerson, Elizabeth, Bassett, William F, Fadel, Julie, Arndorfer, Juan, Nanez, Michelle A, Barron, Gabriela, Vazquez-Benitez, I-Chia, Liao, Eric P, Griggs, Sarah E, Reese, Nimish R, Valvi, Kempapura, Murthy, Elizabeth A K, Rowley, Peter J, Embi, Sarah, Ball, Ruth, Link-Gelles, and Mark W, Tenforde
- Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination coverage remains lower in communities with higher social vulnerability. Factors such as SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk and access to health care are often correlated with social vulnerability and may therefore contribute to a relationship between vulnerability and observed vaccine effectiveness (VE). Understanding whether these factors impact VE could contribute to our understanding of real-world VE.We used electronic health record data from seven health systems to assess vaccination coverage among patients with medically attended COVID-19-like illness. We then used a test-negative design to assess VE for 2- and 3-dose mRNA adult (≥18 years) vaccine recipients across Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) quartiles. SVI rankings were determined by geocoding patient addresses to census tracts; rankings were grouped into quartiles for analysis.In July 2021, primary series vaccination coverage was higher in the least vulnerable quartile than in the most vulnerable quartile (56% vs. 36%, respectively). In February 2022, booster dose coverage among persons who had completed a primary series was higher in the least vulnerable quartile than in the most vulnerable quartile (43% vs. 30%). VE among 2-dose and 3-dose recipients during the Delta and Omicron BA.1 periods of predominance was similar across SVI quartiles.COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied substantially by SVI. Differences in VE estimates by SVI were minimal across groups after adjusting for baseline patient factors. However, lower vaccination coverage among more socially vulnerable groups means that the burden of illness is still disproportionately borne by the most socially vulnerable populations.
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- 2022
18. Using a Transdiagnostic Perspective to Disrupt White Supremacist Applications of the DSM
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Van L. Nguyen, Michael R. Riquino, Sarah E. Reese, and Jen Molloy
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Oppression ,Psychotherapist ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social work ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Mental health ,Indigenous ,Education ,White supremacy ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Privilege (social inequality) ,Psychopathology ,media_common - Abstract
White supremacist applications of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) result in the disproportionate labeling of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color as violent or severely mentally ill. Racial diagnostic disparities and misdiagnoses are endemic in social work practice, in part because of the DSM’s categorical classification system, which encourages reductive thinking and reinforces implicit racial biases. While courses on psychopathology are common requirements for clinical field placements, the mental health field’s reliance on the DSM often contradicts antiracist curricula. In an effort to address this paradox, we utilize pedagogical approaches that seek to critique and deconstruct White Supremacist applications of the DSM while simultaneously preparing students to enter a field that relies so heavily on diagnostic labels. This is done in part by teaching students to shirk the DSM’s categorical perspective in favor of a transdiagnostic perspective—identifying symptoms or traits underlying human suffering that occur across diagnostic categories and are informed by macro systems of privilege and oppression. Teaching students to adopt a transdiagnostic perspective may disrupt White Supremacist practices in diagnostics by encouraging an acknowledgement of multisystem factors underlying human suffering without relying on discrete diagnostic categories that are prone to racial interpretations.
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- 2021
19. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines at Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults: An Observational Study of Real-World Data Across 10 US States from August-December 2021
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Peter J. Embi, Matthew E. Levy, Palak Patel, Malini B. DeSilva, Manjusha Gaglani, Kristin Dascomb, Margaret M. Dunne, Nicola P. Klein, Toan C. Ong, Shaun J. Grannis, Karthik Natarajan, Duck-Hye Yang, Edward Stenehjem, Ousseny Zerbo, Charlene McEvoy, Suchitra Rao, Mark G. Thompson, Deepika Konatham, Stephanie A. Irving, Brian E. Dixon, Jungmi Han, Kristin E. Schrader, Nancy Grisel, Ned Lewis, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Michelle A. Barron, Sue Reynolds, I-Chia Liao, William F. Fadel, Elizabeth A. Rowley, Julie Arndorfer, Kristin Goddard, Kempapura Murthy, Nimish R. Valvi, Zachary A. Weber, Bruce Fireman, Sarah E. Reese, Sarah W. Ball, and Allison L. Naleway
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Infectious Diseases ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundImmunocompromised (IC) persons are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes and are less protected by 1-2 COVID-19 vaccine doses than are immunocompetent (non-IC) persons. We compared vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended COVID-19 of 2-3 mRNA and 1-2 viral-vector vaccine doses between IC and non-IC adults.MethodsUsing a test-negative design among eight VISION Network sites, VE against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19–associated emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) events and hospitalizations from 26 August-25 December 2021 was estimated separately among IC and non-IC adults and among specific IC condition subgroups. Vaccination status was defined using number and timing of doses. VE for each status (versus unvaccinated) was adjusted for age, geography, time, prior positive test result, and local SARS-CoV-2 circulation.ResultsWe analyzed 8,848 ED/UC events and 18,843 hospitalizations among IC patients and 200,071 ED/UC events and 70,882 hospitalizations among non-IC patients. Among IC patients, 3-dose mRNA VE against ED/UC (73% [95% CI: 64-80]) and hospitalization (81% [95% CI: 76-86]) was lower than that among non-IC patients (ED/UC: 94% [95% CI: 93-94]; hospitalization: 96% [95% CI: 95-97]). Similar patterns were observed for viral-vector vaccines. Transplant recipients had lower VE than other IC subgroups.ConclusionsDuring B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant predominance, IC adults received moderate protection against COVID-19–associated medical events from three mRNA doses, or one viral-vector dose plus a second dose of any product. However, protection was lower in IC versus non-IC patients, especially among transplant recipients, underscoring the need for additional protection among IC adults.Key pointsDuring Delta variant predominance, immunocompromised (IC) adults received moderate protection against COVID-19-associated medical events from three mRNA doses, but IC patients, especially transplant recipients, were less protected than non-IC patients, underscoring the need for additional protection beyond the primary series.
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- 2022
20. Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Predominance - VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-August 2022
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Amadea Britton, Peter J. Embi, Matthew E. Levy, Manjusha Gaglani, Malini B. DeSilva, Brian E. Dixon, Kristin Dascomb, Palak Patel, Kristin E. Schrader, Nicola P. Klein, Toan C. Ong, Karthik Natarajan, Emily Hartmann, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Stephanie A. Irving, Monica Dickerson, Margaret M. Dunne, Chandni Raiyani, Shaun J. Grannis, Edward Stenehjem, Ousseny Zerbo, Suchitra Rao, Jungmi Han, Chantel Sloan-Aagard, Eric P. Griggs, Zachary A. Weber, Kempapura Murthy, William F. Fadel, Nancy Grisel, Charlene McEvoy, Ned Lewis, Michelle A. Barron, Juan Nanez, Sarah E. Reese, Mufaddal Mamawala, Nimish R. Valvi, Julie Arndorfer, Kristin Goddard, Duck-Hye Yang, Bruce Fireman, Sarah W. Ball, Ruth Link-Gelles, Allison L. Naleway, and Mark W. Tenforde
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Adult ,Health (social science) ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Epidemiology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Antiviral Agents ,Hospitalization ,Health Information Management ,Humans ,Vaccines, Combined ,RNA, Messenger - Abstract
Persons with moderate-to-severe immunocompromising conditions might have reduced protection after COVID-19 vaccination, compared with persons without immunocompromising conditions (1-3). On August 13, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that adults with immunocompromising conditions receive an expanded primary series of 3 doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. ACIP followed with recommendations on September 23, 2021, for a fourth (booster) dose and on September 1, 2022, for a new bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, containing components of the BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant (4). Data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines among persons with immunocompromising conditions since the emergence of the Omicron variant in December 2021 are limited. In the multistate VISION Network
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- 2022
21. Association between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 illness and severity during Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineage periods
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Ruth Link-Gelles, Matthew E. Levy, Karthik Natarajan, Sarah E. Reese, Allison L. Naleway, Shaun J. Grannis, Nicola P. Klein, Malini B. DeSilva, Toan C. Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Emily Hartmann, Monica Dickerson, Edward Stenehjem, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Jungmi Han, Talia L. Spark, Stephanie A. Irving, Brian E. Dixon, Ousseny Zerbo, Charlene E. McEvoy, Suchitra Rao, Chandni Raiyani, Chantel Sloan-Aagard, Palak Patel, Kristin Dascomb, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Margaret M. Dunne, William F. Fadel, Ned Lewis, Michelle A. Barron, Kempapura Murthy, Juan Nanez, Eric P. Griggs, Nancy Grisel, Medini K. Annavajhala, Akintunde Akinseye, Nimish R. Valvi, Kristin Goddard, Mufaddal Mamawala, Julie Arndorfer, Duck-Hye Yang, Peter J. Embí, Bruce Fireman, Sarah W. Ball, and Mark W. Tenforde
- Abstract
ImportanceRecent sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, including BA.4 and BA.5, may be associated with greater immune evasion and less protection against COVID-19 following vaccination.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination with 2, 3, or 4 doses among immunocompetent adults and the risk of medically attended COVID-19 illness during a period of BA.4/BA.5 predominant circulation; to evaluate the relative severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized cases across Omicron BA.1, BA.2/BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5 sublineage periods.Setting, Design and ParticipantsTest-negative study of adults with COVID-19-like illness (CLI) and molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 conducted in 10 states from December 16, 2021, to August 20, 2022.ExposuremRNA COVID-19 vaccination.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEmergency department/urgent care encounters, hospitalizations, and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or in-hospital death. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association between prior vaccination and medically attended COVID-19 was used to estimate VE, stratified by care setting and vaccine doses (2, 3, or 4 doses vs 0 doses as reference group). Among hospitalized case-patients, demographic and clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes including ICU admission and death were compared across sublineage periods.ResultsBetween June 19 – August 20, 2022, 82,229 ED/UC and 21,007 hospital encounters were included for the BA.4/BA.5 vaccine effectiveness analysis. Among adults hospitalized with CLI, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.83) for receipt of 2 vaccine doses at ≥150 days after receipt, 0.32 (95% CI: 0.20-0.50) for a third dose 7-119 days after receipt, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58-0.71) for a third dose ≥120 days (median 235 days) after receipt for cases vs controls. For COVID-19-associated hospitalization, among patients ages ≥65 years 7-59 and ≥60 days (median 88 days) after a fourth dose, ORs were 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25-0.47) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.34-0.56), respectively. Among hospitalized cases, ICU admission and/or in-hospital death occurred in 21.4% during the BA.1 vs 14.7% during the BA.4/BA.5 period (standardized mean difference: 0.17).ConclusionVE against medically attended COVID-19 illness decreased over time since last dose; receipt of one or two booster doses increased effectiveness over a primary series alone.KEY POINTSQuestionWhat is the association between receipt of first-generation COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and medically attended COVID-19 during Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineage predominance?FindingsThis test-negative analysis included 82,229 emergency department or urgent care encounters and 21,007 hospitalizations for COVID-19-like illness. Among hospitalized patients, the likelihood of recent vaccination (7-119 days) with 3 mRNA vaccine doses (vs unvaccinated) was significantly lower (odds ratio, 0.32) in cases than SARS-CoV-2-negative controls, but with lower associated protection ≥120 days post-vaccination (odds ratio, 0.64).MeaningFirst-generation COVID-19 vaccines were associated with protection against COVID-19 during the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineage-predominant periods but this declined over time.
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- 2022
22. Waning of vaccine effectiveness against moderate and severe covid-19 among adults in the US from the VISION network: test negative, case-control study
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Jill M Ferdinands, Suchitra Rao, Brian E Dixon, Patrick K Mitchell, Malini B DeSilva, Stephanie A Irving, Ned Lewis, Karthik Natarajan, Edward Stenehjem, Shaun J Grannis, Jungmi Han, Charlene McEvoy, Toan C Ong, Allison L Naleway, Sarah E Reese, Peter J Embi, Kristin Dascomb, Nicola P Klein, Eric P Griggs, I-Chia Liao, Duck-Hye Yang, William F Fadel, Nancy Grisel, Kristin Goddard, Palak Patel, Kempapura Murthy, Rebecca Birch, Nimish R Valvi, Julie Arndorfer, Ousseny Zerbo, Monica Dickerson, Chandni Raiyani, Jeremiah Williams, Catherine H Bozio, Lenee Blanton, Ruth Link-Gelles, Michelle A Barron, Manjusha Gaglani, Mark G Thompson, and Bruce Fireman
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Young Adult ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Case-Control Studies ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Vaccine Efficacy ,General Medicine ,BNT162 Vaccine - Abstract
Objective To estimate the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against moderate and severe covid-19 in adults by time since second, third, or fourth doses, and by age and immunocompromised status. Design Test negative case-control study. Setting Hospitals, emergency departments, and urgent care clinics in 10 US states, 17 January 2021 to 12 July 2022. Participants 893 461 adults (≥18 years) admitted to one of 261 hospitals or to one of 272 emergency department or 119 urgent care centers for covid-like illness tested for SARS-CoV-2. Main outcome measures The main outcome was waning of vaccine effectiveness with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine during the omicron and delta periods, and the period before delta was dominant using logistic regression conditioned on calendar week and geographic area while adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, local virus circulation, immunocompromised status, and likelihood of being vaccinated. Results 45 903 people admitted to hospital with covid-19 (cases) were compared with 213 103 people with covid-like illness who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (controls), and 103 287 people admitted to emergency department or urgent care with covid-19 (cases) were compared with 531 168 people with covid-like illness who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. In the omicron period, vaccine effectiveness against covid-19 requiring admission to hospital was 89% (95% confidence interval 88% to 90%) within two months after dose 3 but waned to 66% (63% to 68%) by four to five months. Vaccine effectiveness of three doses against emergency department or urgent care visits was 83% (82% to 84%) initially but waned to 46% (44% to 49%) by four to five months. Waning was evident in all subgroups, including young adults and individuals who were not immunocompromised; although waning was morein people who were immunocompromised. Vaccine effectiveness increased among most groups after a fourth dose in whom this booster was recommended. Conclusions Effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against moderate and severe covid-19 waned with time after vaccination. The findings support recommendations for a booster dose after a primary series and consideration of additional booster doses.
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- 2022
23. Protection of 2 and 3 mRNA Vaccine Doses Against Severe Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19 - VISION Network, August 2021 - March 2022
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Malini B, DeSilva, Patrick K, Mitchell, Nicola P, Klein, Brian E, Dixon, Mark W, Tenforde, Mark G, Thompson, Allison L, Naleway, Shaun J, Grannis, Toan C, Ong, Karthik, Natarajan, Sarah E, Reese, Ousseny, Zerbo, Anupam B, Kharbanda, Palak, Patel, Edward, Stenehjem, Chandni, Raiyani, Stephanie A, Irving, William F, Fadel, Suchitra, Rao, Jungmi, Han, Sue, Reynolds, Jonathan M, Davis, Ned, Lewis, Charlene, McEvoy, Monica, Dickerson, Kristin, Dascomb, Nimish R, Valvi, Michelle A, Barron, Kristin, Goddard, Gabriela, Vazquez-Benitez, Nancy, Grisel, Mufaddal, Mamawala, Peter J, Embi, Bruce, Fireman, Inih J, Essien, Eric P, Griggs, Julie, Arndorfer, and Manjusha, Gaglani
- Abstract
We assessed COVID-19 vaccination impact on illness severity among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 August 2021-March 2022.We evaluated differences in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, in-hospital death, and length of stay among vaccinated (2 or 3 mRNA vaccine doses) versus unvaccinated patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized for ≥24 hours with COVID-19-like illness (CLI) and positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing. We calculated odds ratios for ICU admission and death and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) for time to hospital discharge adjusted for age, geographic region, calendar time, and local virus circulation.We included 27,149 SARS-CoV-2 positive hospitalizations. During both Delta and Omicron-predominant periods, protection against ICU admission was strongest among 3-dose vaccinees compared with unvaccinated patients (Delta OR [CI]: 0.52 [0.28-0.96]); Omicron OR [CI]: 0.69 [0.54-0.87]). During both periods, risk of in-hospital of death was lower among vaccinated compared with unvaccinated but ORs were overlapping; during Omicron, lowest among 3-dose vaccinees (OR [CI] 0.39 [0.28-0.54]). We observed SHR1 across all vaccination strata in both periods indicating faster discharge for vaccinated patients.COVID-19 vaccination was associated with lower rates of ICU admission and in-hospital death in both Delta and Omicron periods compared with being unvaccinated.
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- 2022
24. Rank correlation inferences for clustered data with small sample size
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Sally Hunsberger, Lori Long, Sarah E. Reese, Gloria H. Hong, Ian A. Myles, Christa S. Zerbe, Pleonchan Chetchotisakd, and Joanna H. Shih
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Statistics and Probability ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Article - Abstract
This paper develops methods to test for associations between two variables with clustered data using a U-Statistic approach with a second-order approximation to the variance of the parameter estimate for the test statistic. The tests that are presented are for clustered versions of: Pearsons χ(2) test, the Spearman rank correlation and Kendall’s τ for continuous data or ordinal data and for alternative measures of Kendall’s τ that allow for ties in the data. Shih and Fay use the U-Statistic approach but only consider a first-order approximation. The first-order approximation has inflated significance level in scenarios with small sample sizes. We derive the test statistics using the second-order approximations aiming to improve the type I error rates. The method applies to data where clusters have the same number of measurements for each variable or where one of the variables may be measured once per cluster while the other variable may be measured multiple times. We evaluate the performance of the test statistics through simulation with small sample sizes. The methods are all available in the R package cluscor.
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- 2022
25. '‘We’d Just Patch Ourselves up’: Preference for Holistic Approaches to Healthcare and Traditional Medicine among Members of a State-Recognized Tribe'
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Sarah E. Reese, Angie Dang, and Jessica L. Liddell
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Nursing (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Background:Health disparities between Native Americans and white Americans persist due to a variety of factors, including colonization, poverty, and racism. Racist interpersonal interactions between nurses and other healthcare providers and tribal members may also contribute to reluctance among Native Americans to engage with Western healthcare systems. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to better understand the healthcare experiences of members of a state-recognized Gulf Coast tribe. Methods: In partnership with a community advisory board, 31 semistructured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed utilizing a qualitative description approach. Results: All participants mentioned their preferences, views about, or experiences of using natural or traditional medicine approaches (referenced 65 times). Emergent themes include (a) preference for and use of traditional medicine; (b) resistance to western healthcare systems; (c) preference for holistic approaches to health; and (d) negative provider interpersonal interactions contributing to reluctance in seeking care. Conclusion: These findings suggest that integrating a holistic conceptualization of health and traditional medicine practices into Western healthcare settings would benefit Native Americans.
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- 2023
26. Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness and COVID-19 Illness and Severity by Vaccination Status During Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 Sublineage Periods
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Ruth Link-Gelles, Matthew E. Levy, Karthik Natarajan, Sarah E. Reese, Allison L. Naleway, Shaun J. Grannis, Nicola P. Klein, Malini B. DeSilva, Toan C. Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Emily Hartmann, Monica Dickerson, Edward Stenehjem, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Jungmi Han, Talia L. Spark, Stephanie A. Irving, Brian E. Dixon, Ousseny Zerbo, Charlene E. McEvoy, Suchitra Rao, Chandni Raiyani, Chantel Sloan-Aagard, Palak Patel, Kristin Dascomb, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Margaret M. Dunne, William F. Fadel, Ned Lewis, Michelle A. Barron, Kempapura Murthy, Juan Nanez, Eric P. Griggs, Nancy Grisel, Medini K. Annavajhala, Akintunde Akinseye, Nimish R. Valvi, Kristin Goddard, Mufaddal Mamawala, Julie Arndorfer, Duck-Hye Yang, Peter J. Embí, Bruce Fireman, Sarah W. Ball, and Mark W. Tenforde
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General Medicine - Abstract
ImportanceRecent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sublineages, including BA.4 and BA.5, may be associated with greater immune evasion and less protection against COVID-19 after vaccination.ObjectivesTo evaluate the estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2, 3, or 4 doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination among immunocompetent adults during a period of BA.4 or BA.5 predominant circulation; and to evaluate the relative severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients across Omicron BA.1, BA.2 or BA.2.12.1, and BA.4 or BA.5 sublineage periods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis test-negative case-control study was conducted in 10 states with data from emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) encounters and hospitalizations from December 16, 2021, to August 20, 2022. Participants included adults with COVID-19–like illness and molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2. Data were analyzed from August 2 to September 21, 2022.ExposuresmRNA COVID-19 vaccination.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes of interest were COVID-19 ED or UC encounters, hospitalizations, and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or in-hospital death. VE associated with protection against medically attended COVID-19 was estimated, stratified by care setting and vaccine doses (2, 3, or 4 doses vs 0 doses as the reference group). Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, demographic and clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared across sublineage periods.ResultsDuring the BA.4 and BA.5 predominant period, there were 82 229 eligible ED and UC encounters among patients with COVID-19–like illness (median [IQR] age, 51 [33-70] years; 49 682 [60.4%] female patients), and 19 114 patients (23.2%) had test results positive for SARS-CoV-2; among 21 007 hospitalized patients (median [IQR] age, 71 [58-81] years; 11 209 [53.4%] female patients), 3583 (17.1 %) had test results positive for SARS-CoV-2. Estimated VE against hospitalization was 25% (95% CI, 17%-32%) for receipt of 2 vaccine doses at 150 days or more after receipt, 68% (95% CI, 50%-80%) for a third dose 7 to 119 days after receipt, and 36% (95% CI, 29%-42%) for a third dose 120 days or more (median [IQR], 235 [204-262] days) after receipt. Among patients aged 65 years or older who had received a fourth vaccine dose, VE was 66% (95% CI, 53%-75%) at 7 to 59 days after vaccination and 57% (95% CI, 44%-66%) at 60 days or more (median [IQR], 88 [75-105] days) after vaccination. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, ICU admission or in-hospital death occurred in 21.4% of patients during the BA.1 period vs 14.7% during the BA.4 and BA.5 period (standardized mean difference: 0.17).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-control study of COVID-19 vaccines and illness, VE associated with protection against medically attended COVID-19 illness was lower with increasing time since last dose; estimated VE was higher after receipt of 1 or 2 booster doses compared with a primary series alone.
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- 2023
27. A new statistic for identifying batch effects in high-throughput genomic data that uses guided principal component analysis.
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Sarah E. Reese, Kellie J. Archer, Terry M. Therneau, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Celine M. Vachon, Mariza de Andrade, Jean-Pierre A. Kocher, and Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow
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- 2013
- Full Text
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28. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement vs Supportive Group Therapy for Co-occurring Opioid Misuse and Chronic Pain in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Eric L. Garland, Adam W. Hanley, Yoshio Nakamura, John W. Barrett, Anne K. Baker, Sarah E. Reese, Michael R. Riquino, Brett Froeliger, and Gary W. Donaldson
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Adult ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Primary Health Care ,Internal Medicine ,Psychotherapy, Group ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Female ,Chronic Pain ,Middle Aged ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,Mindfulness ,Pandemics - Abstract
Successful treatment of opioid misuse among people with chronic pain has proven elusive. Guidelines recommend nonopioid therapies, but the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for opioid misuse is uncertain.To evaluate the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) for the reduction of opioid misuse and chronic pain.This interviewer-blinded randomized clinical trial enrolled patients from primary care clinics in Utah between January 4, 2016, and January 16, 2020. The study included 250 adults with chronic pain receiving long-term opioid therapy who were misusing opioid medications.Treatment with MORE (comprising training in mindfulness, reappraisal, and savoring positive experiences) or supportive group psychotherapy (control condition) across 8 weekly 2-hour group sessions.Primary outcomes were (1) opioid misuse assessed by the Drug Misuse Index (self-report, interview, and urine screen) and (2) pain severity and pain-related functional interference, assessed by subscale scores on the Brief Pain Inventory through 9 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were opioid dose, emotional distress, and ecological momentary assessments of opioid craving. The minimum intervention dose was defined as 4 or more completed sessions of MORE or supportive group psychotherapy.Among 250 participants (159 women [63.6%]; mean [SD] age, 51.8 [11.9] years), 129 were randomized to the MORE group and 121 to the supportive psychotherapy group. Overall, 17 participants (6.8%) were Hispanic or Latino, 218 (87.2%) were White, and 15 (6.0%) were of other races and/or ethnicities (2 American Indian, 3 Asian, 1 Black, 2 Pacific Islander, and 7 did not specify). At baseline, the mean duration of pain was 14.7 years (range, 1-60 years), and the mean (SD) morphine-equivalent opioid dose was 101.0 (266.3) mg (IQR, 16.0-90.0 mg). A total of 203 participants (81.2%) received the minimum intervention dose (mean [SD], 5.7 [2.2] sessions); at 9 months, 92 of 250 participants (36.8%) discontinued the study. The overall odds ratio for reduction in opioid misuse through the 9-month follow-up period in the MORE group compared with the supportive psychotherapy group was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.17-3.61; P = .01). At 9 months, 36 of 80 participants (45.0%) in the MORE group were no longer misusing opioids compared with 19 of 78 participants (24.4%) in the supportive psychotherapy group. Mixed models demonstrated that MORE was superior to supportive psychotherapy through 9 months of follow-up for pain severity (between-group effect: 0.49; 95% CI, 0.17-0.81; P = .003) and pain-related functional interference (between-group effect: 1.07; 95% CI, 0.64-1.50; P .001). Participants in the MORE group reduced their opioid dose to a greater extent than those in the supportive psychotherapy group. The MORE group also had lower emotional distress and opioid craving.In this randomized clinical trial, among adult participants in a primary care setting, the MORE intervention led to sustained improvements in opioid misuse and chronic pain symptoms and reductions in opioid dosing, emotional distress, and opioid craving compared with supportive group psychotherapy. Despite attrition caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the vulnerability of the sample, MORE appeared to be efficacious for reducing opioid misuse among adults with chronic pain.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02602535.
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- 2022
29. Detection call algorithms for high-throughput gene expression microarray data.
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Kellie J. Archer and Sarah E. Reese
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- 2010
- Full Text
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30. Experiences of Nursing Professionals Working With Women Diagnosed With Opioid Use Disorder and Their Newborns
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Michael R. Riquino, Lindsay B. Gezinski, Sarah E. Reese, Bernice Tenort, Jen Molloy, Van L. Nguyen, and Marcela C. Smid
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Burnout, Psychological ,Burnout ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient satisfaction ,Nursing ,Pregnancy ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,business.industry ,Postpartum Period ,Infant, Newborn ,Opioid use disorder ,General Medicine ,Focus Groups ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,Feeling ,Patient Satisfaction ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Thematic analysis ,business ,Urban hospital - Abstract
BACKGROUND As the rate of opioid use in pregnancy escalates, there are a growing number of women diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) and their newborns being cared for in inpatient settings. PURPOSE In this study, we sought to better understand the experiences of nurses and nursing assistants working with women diagnosed with OUD and their newborns. By identifying the needs of nurses and nursing assistants, the findings from this study may contribute to reductions in stigma and improved patient care. METHODS Nurses and nursing assistants were recruited from a postpartum unit at a large urban hospital in Utah. Participants (n = 30) attended up to 4 semistructured focus groups. We utilized Braun and Clarke's 6-phase approach to thematic analysis to analyze transcribed interviews. FINDINGS/RESULTS Themes identified during the data analysis process included negative feelings and reactions toward patients; preferential concern for the newborn over maternal well-being; and identification of organizational and training needs to overcome these challenges. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE These findings identify strategies for addressing challenges faced by nurses and nursing assistants in caring for women diagnosed with OUD and their newborns. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Future research should examine the effectiveness of approaches to reduce behaviors influenced by stigma among nurses and nursing assistants working with women diagnosed with OUD and their newborns, as well as employee and patient satisfaction, and long-term health outcomes.
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- 2020
31. Evaluating Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Histologic Validation of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT with Comparison to Multiparametric MRI
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Peter A. Pinto, Baris Turkbey, Sarah E Reese, Peter L. Choyke, Stephanie Harmon, Ilhan Lim, Yolanda McKinney, Anita Ton, Philip Eclarinal, Janet F. Eary, Venkatesh Krishnasamy, Ravi A. Madan, Deborah Citrin, Frank I. Lin, Elliot Levy, Joanna H. Shih, Bradford J. Wood, Richard Chang, Liza Lindenberg, William L. Dahut, and Esther Mena
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PET-CT ,Prostatectomy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Radiation therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prostate Bed ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Prospective cohort study ,Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
Background Prostate cancer recurrence is found in up to 40% of men with prior definitive (total prostatectomy or whole-prostate radiation) treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET agents such as 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine 3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (18F-DCFPyL) may improve detection of recurrence compared with multiparametric MRI; however, histopathologic validation is lacking. Purpose To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT based on histologic analysis and to compare with pelvic multiparametric MRI in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Men were prospectively recruited after prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy with rising prostate-specific antigen level (median, 2.27 ng/mL; range, 0.2-27.45 ng/mL) and a negative result at conventional imaging (bone scan and/or CT). Participants underwent 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging and 3.0-T pelvic multiparametric MRI. Statistical analysis included Wald and modified χ2 tests. Results A total of 323 lesions were visualized in 77 men by using 18F-DCFPyL or multiparametric MRI, with imaging detection concordance of 25% (82 of 323) when including all lesions in the MRI field of view and 53% (52 of 99) when only assessing prostate bed lesions. 18F-DCFPyL depicted more pelvic lymph nodes than did MRI (128 vs 23 nodes). Histologic validation was obtained in 80 locations with sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 69% (25 of 36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 51%, 88%), 91% (40 of 44; 95% CI: 74%, 98%), and 86% (25 of 29; 95% CI: 73%, 97%) for 18F-DCFPyL and 69% (24 of 35; 95% CI: 50%, 86%), 74% (31 of 42; 95% CI: 42%, 89%), and 69% (24 of 35; 95% CI: 50%, 88%) for multiparametric MRI (P = .95, P = .14, and P = .07, respectively). In the prostate bed, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were 57% (13 of 23; 95% CI: 32%, 81%), 86% (18 of 21; 95% CI: 73%, 100%), and 81% (13 of 16; 95% CI: 59%, 100%) for 18F-DCFPyL and 83% (19 of 23; 95% CI: 59%, 100%), 52% (11 of 21; 95% CI: 29%, 74%), and 66% (19 of 29; 95% CI: 44%, 86%) for multiparametric MRI (P = .19, P = .02, and P = .17, respectively). The addition of 18F-DCFPyL to multiparametric MRI improved PPV by 38% overall (P = .02) and by 30% (P = .09) in the prostate bed. Conclusion Findings with 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine 3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (18F-DCFPyL) were histologically validated and demonstrated high specificity and positive predictive value. In the pelvis, 18F-DCFPyL depicted more lymph nodes and improved positive predictive value and specificity when added to multiparametric MRI. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Zukotynski and Rowe in this issue.
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- 2020
32. Assessing Attentional Bias Toward Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Cues in Young Adults with Histories of Engaging in Self-Harm
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Eric L. Garland, Sarah E. Reese, and Michael R. Riquino
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General Social Sciences ,Attentional bias ,Affect (psychology) ,Harm ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Young adult ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Affective stimuli ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent behavior among young people maintained by complex transdiagnostic processes. This study sought to investigate whether NSSI attentional bias—the preferential allocation of attentional resources to environmental NSSI cues—is one such transdiagnostic process experienced by young adults with histories of NSSI. Participants were 39 young adults who completed a dot probe task designed to measure attentional bias to NSSI cues and negatively-valenced cues. Participants also provided NSSI urge and affect ratings during the task. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to determine if participants exhibited a significant attentional bias to NSSI cues and negatively-valenced cues compared to neutral cues, and to test whether NSSI urge ratings following the dot probe task increased from baseline levels. Participants exhibited a significant attentional bias to NSSI cues presented for 200 ms and a significant attentional bias to negative cues presented for 200 ms. The urge to engage in NSSI was elicited by NSSI cues, but not by negative cues. These findings indicate exposure to NSSI cues elicits both attentional bias and NSSI urge, a unique process that differs from a mere generalized attentional bias to negative affective stimuli known to be exhibited by individuals with other forms of psychopathology, such as anxiety or depressive disorders. These results provide preliminary evidence for possible avenues of intervention as it relates to the role of exposure to NSSI cues in the maintenance of NSSI, including managing cue-elicited urge and tolerating changes in affective states.
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- 2020
33. MRI-Targeted, Systematic, and Combined Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
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Sandeep Gurram, Baris Turkbey, Bradford J. Wood, Maria Merino, Peter A. Pinto, Amir H. Lebastchi, Howard L. Parnes, Joanna H. Shih, Sarah E Reese, W. Marston Linehan, Patrick T. Gomella, Paul F. Pinsky, Peter L. Choyke, Michael Ahdoot, Jonathan Bloom, Andrew R Wilbur, Minhaj Siddiqui, and Sherif Mehralivand
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Neoplasm Grading ,Prostate biopsy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Prostatectomy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biopsy ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Radiology ,Overdiagnosis ,business - Abstract
Background The use of 12-core systematic prostate biopsy is associated with diagnostic inaccuracy that contributes to both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of prostate cancer. Biopsies per...
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- 2020
34. Effectiveness of a Third Dose of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance - VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021-January 2022
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Mark G. Thompson, Karthik Natarajan, Stephanie A. Irving, Elizabeth A. Rowley, Eric P. Griggs, Manjusha Gaglani, Nicola P. Klein, Shaun J. Grannis, Malini B. DeSilva, Edward Stenehjem, Sarah E. Reese, Monica Dickerson, Allison L. Naleway, Jungmi Han, Deepika Konatham, Charlene McEvoy, Suchitra Rao, Brian E. Dixon, Kristin Dascomb, Ned Lewis, Matthew E. Levy, Palak Patel, I-Chia Liao, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Michelle A. Barron, William F. Fadel, Nancy Grisel, Kristin Goddard, Duck-Hye Yang, Mehiret H. Wondimu, Kempapura Murthy, Nimish R. Valvi, Julie Arndorfer, Bruce Fireman, Margaret M. Dunne, Peter Embi, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Ousseny Zerbo, Catherine H. Bozio, Sue Reynolds, Jill Ferdinands, Jeremiah Williams, Ruth Link-Gelles, Stephanie J. Schrag, Jennifer R. Verani, Sarah Ball, and Toan C. Ong
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Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Health (social science) ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Epidemiology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Immunization, Secondary ,COVID-19 ,Vaccine Efficacy ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Hospitalization ,Health Information Management ,Ambulatory Care ,Humans ,Female ,mRNA Vaccines ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Aged - Abstract
Estimates of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) have declined in recent months (1,2) because of waning vaccine induced immunity over time,* possible increased immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants (3), or a combination of these and other factors. CDC recommends that all persons aged ≥12 years receive a third dose (booster) of an mRNA vaccine ≥5 months after receipt of the second mRNA vaccine dose and that immunocompromised individuals receive a third primary dose.
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- 2022
35. Donor genetic and nongenetic factors affecting red blood cell transfusion effectiveness
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Jeanne E. Hendrickson, Eldad A. Hod, Mark T. Gladwin, Alan E. Mast, Ruchika Goel, Steve Kleinman, Bryan R. Spencer, Ritchard G. Cable, Nareg Roubinian, Fang Fang, Michael P. Busch, Hannah Qiao, Colleen Plimier, Steven R. Sloan, Steven L. Spitalnik, Grier P. Page, Brian Custer, Tamir Kanias, Bob Harris, and Sarah E. Reese
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bilirubin ,Fingerstick ,Blood Donors ,Clinical practice ,Hemolysis ,Hemoglobins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic variation ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Hematology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Red blood cell ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Leukoreduction ,Apheresis ,chemistry ,Female ,Hemoglobin ,Clinical Medicine ,Erythrocyte Transfusion ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND RBC transfusion effectiveness varies due to donor, component, and recipient factors. Prior studies identified characteristics associated with variation in hemoglobin increments following transfusion. We extended these observations, examining donor genetic and nongenetic factors affecting transfusion effectiveness. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective study of 46,705 patients and 102,043 evaluable RBC transfusions from 2013 to 2016 across 12 hospitals. Transfusion effectiveness was defined as hemoglobin, bilirubin, or creatinine increments following single RBC unit transfusion. Models incorporated a subset of donors with data on single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with osmotic and oxidative hemolysis in vitro. Mixed modeling accounting for repeated transfusion episodes identified predictors of transfusion effectiveness. RESULTS Blood donor (sex, Rh status, fingerstick hemoglobin, smoking), component (storage duration, γ irradiation, leukoreduction, apheresis collection, storage solution), and recipient (sex, BMI, race and ethnicity, age) characteristics were associated with hemoglobin and bilirubin, but not creatinine, increments following RBC transfusions. Increased storage duration was associated with increased bilirubin and decreased hemoglobin increments, suggestive of in vivo hemolysis following transfusion. Donor G6PD deficiency and polymorphisms in SEC14L4, HBA2, and MYO9B genes were associated with decreased hemoglobin increments. Donor G6PD deficiency and polymorphisms in SEC14L4 were associated with increased transfusion requirements in the subsequent 48 hours. CONCLUSION Donor genetic and other factors, such as RBC storage duration, affect transfusion effectiveness as defined by decreased hemoglobin or increased bilirubin increments. Addressing these factors will provide a precision medicine approach to improve patient outcomes, particularly for chronically transfused RBC recipients, who would most benefit from more effective transfusion products. FUNDING Funding was provided by HHSN 75N92019D00032, HHSN 75N92019D00034, 75N92019D00035, HHSN 75N92019D00036, and HHSN 75N92019D00037; R01HL126130; and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).
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- 2022
36. Effectiveness of two-dose vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among immunocompromised adults-Nine States, January-September 2021
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Peter J. Embi, Matthew E. Levy, Allison L. Naleway, Palak Patel, Manjusha Gaglani, Karthik Natarajan, Kristin Dascomb, Toan C. Ong, Nicola P. Klein, I-Chia Liao, Shaun J. Grannis, Jungmi Han, Edward Stenehjem, Margaret M. Dunne, Ned Lewis, Stephanie A. Irving, Suchitra Rao, Charlene McEvoy, Catherine H. Bozio, Kempapura Murthy, Brian E. Dixon, Nancy Grisel, Duck-Hye Yang, Kristin Goddard, Anupam B. Kharbanda, Sue Reynolds, Chandni Raiyani, William F. Fadel, Julie Arndorfer, Elizabeth A. Rowley, Bruce Fireman, Jill Ferdinands, Nimish R. Valvi, Sarah W. Ball, Ousseny Zerbo, Eric P. Griggs, Patrick K. Mitchell, Rachael M. Porter, Salome A. Kiduko, Lenee Blanton, Yan Zhuang, Andrea Steffens, Sarah E. Reese, Natalie Olson, Jeremiah Williams, Monica Dickerson, Meredith McMorrow, Stephanie J. Schrag, Jennifer R. Verani, Alicia M. Fry, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Michelle A. Barron, Mark G. Thompson, and Malini B. DeSilva
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Adult ,Hospitalization ,Transplantation ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Vaccination ,Immunology and Allergy ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,RNA, Messenger ,United States - Published
- 2021
37. 'What Do You Think Needs to be Done to Address Self-Harm?': Centering the Perspectives of Youth Who Engage in Self-Harm Through Found Poetry
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Michael R. Riquino, Sarah E. Reese, Jen K. Molloy, Van L. Nguyen, Emera Greenwood, Olivia LaFountain, Amber Cavasos, Megan S. Paceley, Sarah Jen, and Briana McGeough
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Anthropology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
In recent years, suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury researchers and practitioners have identified the need to amplify the lived experiences of individuals who experience and engage in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in research and clinical practice (hereinafter referred to as “self-harm” to honor the words used by the youth who participated in this study). In the present study, we sought the wisdom and perspectives of youth who engage in self-harm in response to the following questions: What do you think needs to be done to address self-harm? What would you say to parents of youth who engage in self-harm? What would you say to other youth who are engaging in self-harm? Utilizing data from in-depth interviews ( N = 59), we constructed a series of three found research poems to center their words and perspectives in answer to each of the research questions.
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- 2022
38. An Integrated Mechanistic Model of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Opioid-Exposed Mother-Infant Dyads
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Elisabeth Conradt, Eric L. Garland, Michael R. Riquino, and Sarah E. Reese
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Mindfulness ,mindfulness ,savoring ,Salience (language) ,Psychological research ,Mother infant ,Opioid use disorder ,Review ,medicine.disease ,parenting (MeSH) ,BF1-990 ,Developmental psychology ,Increased risk ,Opioid ,medicine ,Psychology ,pregnancy ,opioid misuse ,General Psychology ,medicine.drug ,Savoring - Abstract
A growing body of neurobiological and psychological research sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of opioid use disorder and its relation to maladaptive parenting. Perinatal opioid use is associated with significant maternal distress, as well as increased risk for child maltreatment and impaired developmental outcomes for children. Drawing from extant data, here we provide an integrated mechanistic model of perinatal opioid use, parenting behavior, infant attachment, and child well-being to inform the development and adaptation of behavioral interventions for opioid-exposed mother-infant dyads. The model posits that recurrent perinatal opioid use leads to increased stress sensitivity and reward dysregulation, resulting in decreased perceived salience of infant cues, disengaged parenting behavior, disrupted infant attachment, and decreased child well-being. We conclude with a discussion of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement as a means of addressing pathogenic mechanisms undergirding perinatal opioid use, maladaptive parenting, and attachment deficits, presenting evidence on the efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of mindfulness. As perinatal opioid use increases in the United States, empirically-informed models can be used to guide treatment development research and address this growing concern.
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- 2021
39. Quality of Prostate MRI: Is the PI-RADS Standard Sufficient?
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Sarah E Reese, Jonathan Sackett, Bradford J. Wood, Baris Turkbey, Mehmet Coşkun, Peter L. Choyke, Peter A. Pinto, Joanna H. Shih, Jeffrey R. Brender, Yan Mee Law, Manuel Madariaga, Evrim B. Turkbey, Nathan Lay, Sherif Mehralivand, Stephanie Harmon, Tristan Barrett, Thomas Sanford, Jamie Marko, Barrett, Tristan [0000-0002-1180-1474], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Wilcoxon signed-rank test ,Image quality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Correlation ,03 medical and health sciences ,DICOM ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Quality (business) ,Medical physics ,media_common ,PI-RADS ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Prostate ,Quality control ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Diffusion weighted imaging ,Reference Standards ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality Score ,business ,Diffusion MRI ,MRI - Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) published a set of minimum technical standards (MTS) to improve image quality and reduce variability in multiparametric prostate MRI. The effect of PIRADSv2 MTS on image quality has not been validated. We aimed to determine whether adherence to PI-RADSv2 MTS improves study adequacy and perceived quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two prostate MRI examinations including T2 weighted (T2W) and diffusion weighted image (DWI) consecutively referred to our center from 62 different institutions within a 12-month period (September 2017 to September 2018) were included. Six readers assessed images as adequate or inadequate for use in PCa detection and a numerical image quality ranking was given using a 1-5 scale. The PI-RADSv2 MTS were synthesized into sets of seven and 10 rules for T2W and DWI, respectively. Image adherence was assessed using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) metadata. Statistical analysis of survey results and image adherence was performed based on reader quality scoring (Kendall Rank tau-b) and reader adequate scoring (Wilcoxon test for association) for T2 and DWI quality assessment. RESULTS: Out of 62 images, 52 (83%) T2W and 38 (61%) DWIs were rated to be adequate by a majority of readers. Reader adequacy scores showed no significant association with adherence to PI-RADSv2. There was a weak (tau-b = 0.22) but significant (p value = 0.01) correlation between adherence to PIRADSv2 MTS and image quality for T2W. Studies following all PI-RADSv2 T2W rules achieved a higher median average quality score (3.58 for 7/7 vs. 3.0 for
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- 2021
40. DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence : meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
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Anni Heiskala, Gwen Tindula, Samuli Tuominen, Anne P. Starling, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Samantha Lent, Katri Räikkönen, Carlos Ruiz-Arenas, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Dariusz Gruszfeld, Cathrine Hoyo, Johanna Lepeule, Tong Gong, Erik Melén, Ellen A. Nohr, Ivana V. Yang, John W. Holloway, Jari Lahti, Susan Ewart, Mariona Bustamante, Veit Grote, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Brenda Eskenazi, Philip E. Melton, Catarina Almqvist, Robert Karlsson, Elisabeth B. Binder, Weiming Zhang, Dereje D. Jima, Dana Dabelea, Maria C. Magnus, Lucas A. Salas, Jean-Paul Langhendries, Trevor A. Mori, Syed Hasan Arshad, Peter Rzehak, Florianne O L Vehmeijer, Leanne K. Küpers, Inger Kull, Caroline L Relton, Judith M. Vonk, Emily Oken, Vilhelmina Ullemar, Cancan Qi, Wilfried Karmaus, Martine Vrijheid, Darina Czamara, Peter L. Molloy, Anna Bergström, Olena Gruzieva, Hongmei Zhang, Wenche Nystad, Lu Gao, Marie-France Hivert, Beverly S. Muhlhausler, Rachel L. Maguire, Lawrence J. Beilin, Jason P. Ross, Eva Corpeleijn, Faisal I. Rezwan, Sylvain Sebert, Siri E. Håberg, Gemma C Sharp, Cheng-Jian Xu, Natalia Ferre, Gerard H. Koppelman, Leda Chatzi, Nina Holland, Janine F. Felix, Berthold Koletzko, Stephanie J. London, Christian M. Page, Harold Snieder, Carrie V. Breton, Susan K. Murphy, Rae-Chi Huang, Claire Monnereau, Elvira Verduci, Karen Huen, Geòrgia Escaramís, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Paul Yousefi, Sarah E. Reese, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Groningen [Groningen], Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine [Stockholm, Sweden] (Region Stockholm), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Cranfield University, University of Southampton, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), The University of Western Australia (UWA), University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), University of Barcelona, Universitat de Girona [Girona], Universitat de Girona (UdG), Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital [Munich, Germany], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Oulu, University of Helsinki, University of Southern California (USC), CSIRO - North Ryde Site [New SouthWales, Australia], Colorado School of Public Health [Aurora, CO, USA] (CSPH), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Children’s Memorial Health Institute [Warsaw, Poland] (CMHI), Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital [Stockholm, Sweden], Clinique Saint-Vincent [Liège-Rocourt,Belgium] (Groupe santé CHC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Duke University Medical Center, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Milan, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research [Hanover] (TWINCORE), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Jewish General Hospital, University of Memphis (U of M), CSIRO ADELAIDE AUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Turku, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Imperial College London, Brunel University London [Uxbridge], Oulu University Hospital [Oulu], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre [Southampton, UK], St Mary's Hospital-University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Beatrix Children's Hospital [Groningen, Pays-Bas], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University [New-York], European Project: 733206,H2020,H2020-SC1-2016-RTD,LIFECYCLE(2017), Epidemiology, Pediatrics, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), HZI,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7,38124 Braunschweig, Germany., University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), BARBAGALLO, Maïlys, and Early-life stressors and LifeCycle health - LIFECYCLE - - H20202017-01-01 - 2021-12-31 - 733206 - VALID
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pediatric Obesity ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,CHILDHOOD ,LOCI ,Physiology ,CHILDREN ,Cardiovascular ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Epigenome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Medicine ,PROMOTER METHYLATION ,Childhood obesity ,CORD BLOOD ,Aetiology ,Child ,Genetics (clinical) ,Body mass index ,Cancer ,Genetics & Heredity ,Pediatric ,2. Zero hunger ,DNA methylation ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,Methylation ,Fetal Blood ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Stroke ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,OBESITY ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Epigenetics ,ADIPOSITY ,social and economic factors ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Adolescent ,Clinical Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,BMI ,Genetic ,2.3 Psychological ,Genetics ,Humans ,LMS METHOD ,Obesity ,Preschool ,Molecular Biology ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Nutrition ,Genetic association ,0604 Genetics ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Research ,Prevention ,Human Genome ,Parturition ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,DISCOVERY ,CpG Islands ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Epigenesis - Abstract
Background DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with adiposity in adulthood. However, whether similar DNA methylation patterns are associated with childhood and adolescent body mass index (BMI) is largely unknown. More insight into this relationship at younger ages may have implications for future prevention of obesity and its related traits. Methods We examined whether DNA methylation in cord blood and whole blood in childhood and adolescence was associated with BMI in the age range from 2 to 18 years using both cross-sectional and longitudinal models. We performed meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies including up to 4133 children from 23 studies. We examined the overlap of findings reported in previous studies in children and adults with those in our analyses and calculated enrichment. Results DNA methylation at three CpGs (cg05937453, cg25212453, and cg10040131), each in a different age range, was associated with BMI at Bonferroni significance, P −7, with a 0.96 standard deviation score (SDS) (standard error (SE) 0.17), 0.32 SDS (SE 0.06), and 0.32 BMI SDS (SE 0.06) higher BMI per 10% increase in methylation, respectively. DNA methylation at nine additional CpGs in the cross-sectional childhood model was associated with BMI at false discovery rate significance. The strength of the associations of DNA methylation at the 187 CpGs previously identified to be associated with adult BMI, increased with advancing age across childhood and adolescence in our analyses. In addition, correlation coefficients between effect estimates for those CpGs in adults and in children and adolescents also increased. Among the top findings for each age range, we observed increasing enrichment for the CpGs that were previously identified in adults (birth Penrichment = 1; childhood Penrichment = 2.00 × 10−4; adolescence Penrichment = 2.10 × 10−7). Conclusions There were only minimal associations of DNA methylation with childhood and adolescent BMI. With the advancing age of the participants across childhood and adolescence, we observed increasing overlap with altered DNA methylation loci reported in association with adult BMI. These findings may be compatible with the hypothesis that DNA methylation differences are mostly a consequence rather than a cause of obesity.
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- 2020
41. Evaluating Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Histologic Validation of
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Liza, Lindenberg, Esther, Mena, Baris, Turkbey, Joanna H, Shih, Sarah E, Reese, Stephanie A, Harmon, Ilhan, Lim, Frank, Lin, Anita, Ton, Yolanda L, McKinney, Philip, Eclarinal, Deborah E, Citrin, William, Dahut, Ravi, Madan, Bradford J, Wood, Venkatesh, Krishnasamy, Richard, Chang, Elliot, Levy, Peter, Pinto, Janet F, Eary, and Peter L, Choyke
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Male ,Lysine ,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ,Prostate ,Contrast Media ,Humans ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Urea ,Prospective Studies ,Middle Aged ,Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Aged - Abstract
Background Prostate cancer recurrence is found in up to 40% of men with prior definitive (total prostatectomy or whole-prostate radiation) treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET agents such as 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine 3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (
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- 2020
42. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation in newborns and children identifies numerous loci related to gestational age
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Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Catherine Allard, Andres Cardenas, Olivia Solomon, Barbara Heude, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Wilfried Karmaus, Terence Dwyer, Katri Räikkönen, Darina Czamara, Olena Gruzieva, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Manolis Kogevinas, Simon Kebede Merid, Hongmei Zhang, Wenche Nystad, Florianne O L Vehmeijer, Erik Melén, Susan Ewart, Lu Gao, Michelle Plusquin, Sarah E. Reese, Munawar Hussain Soomro, Marie-France Hivert, Zdenko Herceg, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Janine F. Felix, Luigi Bouchard, Göran Pershagen, Jordi Sunyer, Alexei Novoloaca, Joseph L. Wiemels, Elisabeth B. Binder, John P. Newnham, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Ellen A. Nohr, Nabila Kazmi, Carrie V. Breton, Ashok Kumar, Juha Kere, Nina Holland, Josep M. Antó, Debbie A Lawlor, Karen Huen, Rae-Chi Huang, Inger Kull, Brenda Eskenazi, Paolo Vineis, Matthias Wielscher, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Catarina Almqvist, Cilla Söderhäll, Lucas A. Salas, Jean Bousquet, Alvin T. Kho, Patrice Perron, Petter Brodin, Martine Vrijheid, Kelan G. Tantisira, Per Magnus, Scott T. Weiss, Faisal I. Rezwan, Nour Baïz, Stephanie J. London, Gemma C Sharp, Phillip E. Melton, Emily Oken, Luigi Gagliardi, John W. Holloway, Gerard H. Koppelman, Siri E. Håberg, Caroline L Relton, Leanne K. Küpers, Denise Anderson, Jari Lahti, Tim S. Nawrot, Mariona Bustamante, Priyadarshini Kachroo, S. Hasan Arshad, Dawn L. DeMeo, Liesbeth Duijts, Sylvain Sebert, Shanshan Zhao, Eva Corpeleijn, Judith M. Vonk, Christian M. Page, Harold Snieder, Pooja Jain, Akram Ghantous, Anna Bergström, Cheng-Jian Xu, Ritu Roy, Rezwan, Faisal Ibne/0000-0001-9921-222X, Holloway, John/0000-0001-9998-0464, Lawlor, Debbie A/0000-0002-6793-2262, Salas, Lucas A/0000-0002-2279-4097, Cardenas, Andres/0000-0003-2284-3298, Sharp, Gemma/0000-0003-2906-4035, Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, STEMM - Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Juha Kere / Principal Investigator, Research Programs Unit, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, UNIVERSITY OF OULU, Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [Bristol, Royaume-Uni] (MRC IEU), University of Bristol [Bristol], Bristol Medical School, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Groningen [Groningen], Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center [San Francisco], Southern California University of Health Sciences (SCU), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [London], Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust-King‘s College London, Imperial College London, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Cranfield University, University of Memphis (U of M), University of Oulu, Department of Biology and Biocenter Oulu, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Curtin University [Bentley, WA, Australie], The University of Western Australia (UWA), NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine [Stockholm, Sweden] (Region Stockholm), University of Southern California (USC), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), USL Tuscany Northwest, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Partenaires INRAE, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), CHUS – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke, QC, Canada], University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Durham] (NIEHS-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], Telethon KIDS Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital [Boston, MA], Département des Sciences Fondamentales [Saguenay, QC, Canada], Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Southampton, The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital-University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health (NDWRH), University of Oxford- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital], Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Sachs' Children's Hospital, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Research Team on Early life Origins of Health (EarOH), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of Basel (Unibas), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], School of Public Health [Berkeley], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Beatrix Children's Hospital, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17165 Sweden., Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Erasmus MC other, and Pediatrics
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Male ,Physiology ,MESH: Epigenome ,Fetal Development ,Epigenome ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Child ,MATERNAL SMOKING ,CORD BLOOD ,Aetiology ,Child ,Lung ,Genetics & Heredity ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,ASSOCIATION ,ALSPAC ,3. Good health ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Epigenetics ,Infant, Premature ,Clinical Sciences ,Development ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Humans ,Transcriptomics ,Premature ,Molecular Biology ,MESH: Adolescent ,0604 Genetics ,Pregnancy ,MESH: Humans ,Science & Technology ,MESH: Child, Preschool ,lcsh:R ,PRENATAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE ,Infant ,DNA ,DNA Methylation ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetic Loci ,COHORT PROFILE ,MESH: Female ,0301 basic medicine ,MESH: Premature Birth ,Nutrition and Disease ,lcsh:Medicine ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,MESH: DNA Methylation ,Voeding en Ziekte ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,RUNX3 GENE ,Genetics (clinical) ,RISK ,Pediatric ,MESH: Infant, Newborn ,MESH: DNA ,Gestational age ,Premature birth ,Cord blood ,DNA methylation ,Premature Birth ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,MESH: Fetal Development ,MESH: Infant, Premature ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Adolescent ,[SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,MESH: Genetic Loci ,[SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics ,medicine ,Preschool ,[SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Research ,Human Genome ,Infant, Newborn ,CHILDHOOD ASTHMA ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Preterm birth ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Newborn ,MESH: Male ,lcsh:Genetics ,[SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,3111 Biomedicine ,WEIGHT ,business - Abstract
Background Preterm birth and shorter duration of pregnancy are associated with increased morbidity in neonatal and later life. As the epigenome is known to have an important role during fetal development, we investigated associations between gestational age and blood DNA methylation in children. Methods We performed meta-analysis of Illumina’s HumanMethylation450-array associations between gestational age and cord blood DNA methylation in 3648 newborns from 17 cohorts without common pregnancy complications, induced delivery or caesarean section. We also explored associations of gestational age with DNA methylation measured at 4–18 years in additional pediatric cohorts. Follow-up analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression correlations were performed in cord blood. DNA methylation profiles were also explored in tissues relevant for gestational age health effects: fetal brain and lung. Results We identified 8899 CpGs in cord blood that were associated with gestational age (range 27–42 weeks), at Bonferroni significance, P − 7, of which 3343 were novel. These were annotated to 4966 genes. After restricting findings to at least three significant adjacent CpGs, we identified 1276 CpGs annotated to 325 genes. Results were generally consistent when analyses were restricted to term births. Cord blood findings tended not to persist into childhood and adolescence. Pathway analyses identified enrichment for biological processes critical to embryonic development. Follow-up of identified genes showed correlations between gestational age and DNA methylation levels in fetal brain and lung tissue, as well as correlation with expression levels. Conclusions We identified numerous CpGs differentially methylated in relation to gestational age at birth that appear to reflect fetal developmental processes across tissues. These findings may contribute to understanding mechanisms linking gestational age to health effects.
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- 2020
43. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Opioid Misuse Risk Via Analgesic and Positive Psychological Mechanisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Karen Salas, Myranda A Bryan, Michael R. Riquino, Yoshio Nakamura, Rachel Atchley, Brett Froeliger, Matthew O. Howard, Eric L. Garland, Brooke P Yack, Sarah E. Reese, Carter E Bedford, Adam W. Hanley, and Anne K. Baker
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Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapeutic Processes ,Analgesic ,Psychological intervention ,Article ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Aged ,05 social sciences ,Chronic pain ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,Mental health ,Substance abuse ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Affect ,Self-Help Groups ,Treatment Outcome ,Opioid ,Psychological pain ,Female ,Analgesia ,Chronic Pain ,Psychology ,Mindfulness ,medicine.drug - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the heightened urgency of the current prescription opioid crisis, few psychotherapies have been evaluated for chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid analgesics. Current psychological pain treatments focus primarily on ameliorating negative affective processes, yet basic science suggests that risk for opioid misuse is linked with a dearth of positive affect. Interventions that modulate positive psychological processes may produce therapeutic benefits among patients with opioid-treated chronic pain. The aim of this study was to conduct a theory-driven mechanistic analysis of proximal outcome data from a Stage 2 randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), an integrative intervention designed to promote positive psychological health. METHOD Patients with opioid-treated chronic pain (N = 95; age = 56.8 ± 11.7; 66% female) were randomized to 8 weeks of therapist-led MORE or support group (SG) interventions. A latent positive psychological health variable comprised of positive affect, meaning in life, and self-transcendence measures was examined as a mediator of the effect of MORE on changes in pain severity at posttreatment and opioid misuse risk by 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Participants in MORE reported significantly greater reductions in pain severity by posttreatment (p = .03) and opioid misuse risk by 3-month follow-up (p = .03) and significantly greater increases in positive psychological health (p < .001) than SG participants. Increases in positive psychological health mediated the effect of MORE on pain severity by posttreatment (p = .048), which in turn predicted decreases in opioid misuse risk by follow-up (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Targeting positive psychological mechanisms via MORE and other psychological interventions may reduce opioid misuse risk among chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2019
44. Comparison of smoking-related DNA methylation between newborns from prenatal exposure and adults from personal smoking
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Harold Snieder, Stella Aslibekyan, Myriam Fornage, Erik Melén, Sinjini Sikdar, Jennifer A. Brody, Tianyuan Wang, Isabelle Romieu, Tao Xu, Ken K. Ong, Jack A. Taylor, Jennifer A. Smith, Daniel Levy, Radhika Dhingra, Sarah E. Reese, Christina A. Markunas, Susan K. Murphy, Cathrine Hoyo, Marta Vives-Usano, Bonnie R. Joubert, Mariona Bustamante, Faisal I. Rezwan, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Brian D. Bennett, Caroline L Relton, Melanie Waldenberger, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Karen N. Conneely, Nona Sotoodehnia, Yongmei Liu, Siri E. Håberg, Susan Ewart, Akram Ghantous, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Wenche Nystad, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Rebecca C Richmond, Allan C. Just, Kelly M. Bakulski, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Weihua Guan, Roby Joehanes, Stephanie J. London, Donna K. Arnett, Leanne K. Küpers, Nour Baïz, Lindsay M. Reynolds, Hortensia Moreno-Macias, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, Shanshan Zhao, James M. Ward, Pooja R. Mandaviya, Cheng-Jian Xu, Janine F. Felix, Ian J. Deary, Jianping Jin, Gerard H. Koppelman, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Zdenko Herceg, Joehanes, Roby [0000-0001-5549-9054], Xu, Cheng-Jian [0000-0003-1586-4672], Wang, Tianyuan [0000-0002-3970-0771], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Epidemiology, Erasmus MC other, Pediatrics, Clinical Chemistry, and Internal Medicine
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Epigenomics ,Cancer Research ,Nutrition and Disease ,Offspring ,Physiology ,cigarette smoking ,Biology ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Voeding en Ziekte ,maternal exposure ,Genetics ,medicine ,Tobacco Smoking ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Epigenetics ,Prenatal exposure ,epigenetics ,Infant, Newborn ,Cigarette Smoking ,Infant ,Maternal Exposure ,Methylation ,DNA Methylation ,medicine.disease ,infant ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,In utero ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,DNA methylation ,CpG Islands ,Female ,ICEP ,methylation ,Research Article - Abstract
Aim: Cigarette smoking influences DNA methylation genome wide, in newborns from pregnancy exposure and in adults from personal smoking. Whether a unique methylation signature exists for in utero exposure in newborns is unknown. Materials & methods: We separately meta-analyzed newborn blood DNA methylation (assessed using Illumina450k Beadchip), in relation to sustained maternal smoking during pregnancy (9 cohorts, 5648 newborns, 897 exposed) and adult blood methylation and personal smoking (16 cohorts, 15907 participants, 2433 current smokers). Results & conclusion: Comparing meta-analyses, we identified numerous signatures specific to newborns along with many shared between newborns and adults. Unique smoking-associated genes in newborns were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Our findings may provide insights into specific health impacts of prenatal exposure on offspring.
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- 2019
45. Adverse childhood experiences predict autonomic indices of emotion dysregulation and negative emotional cue-elicited craving among female opioid-treated chronic pain patients
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Carter E Bedford, Anne K. Baker, Eric L. Garland, and Sarah E. Reese
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Adult ,Population ,Emotions ,Craving ,Autonomic Nervous System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adverse Childhood Experiences ,Heart Rate ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Heart rate variability ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Chronic pain ,Opioid use disorder ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pain Clinics ,Opioid ,Morphine ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Chronic Pain ,Cues ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Through autonomic and affective mechanisms, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may disrupt the capacity to regulate negative emotions, increasing craving and exacerbating risk for opioid use disorder (OUD) among individuals with chronic pain who are receiving long-term opioid analgesic pharmacotherapy. This study examined associations between ACEs, heart rate variability (HRV) during emotion regulation, and negative emotional cue-elicited craving among a sample of female opioid-treated chronic pain patients at risk for OUD. A sample of women (N= 36, mean age = 51.2 ± 9.5) with chronic pain receiving long-term opioid analgesic pharmacotherapy (mean morphine equivalent daily dose = 87.1 ± 106.9 mg) were recruited from primary care and pain clinics to complete a randomized task in which they viewed and reappraised negative affective stimuli while HRV and craving were assessed. Both ACEs and duration of opioid use significantly predicted blunted HRV during negative emotion regulation and increased negative emotional cue-elicited craving. Analysis of study findings from a multiple-levels-of-analysis approach suggest that exposure to childhood abuse occasions later emotion dysregulation and appetitive responding toward opioids in negative affective contexts among adult women with chronic pain, and thus this vulnerable clinical population should be assessed for OUD risk when initiating a course of extended, high-dose opioids for pain management.
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- 2019
46. Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in neonates reveals widespread differential DNA methylation associated with birthweight
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Jenny van Dongen, Anne P. Starling, Patrice Perron, Craig J. Newschaffer, Cheng-Jian Xu, Letizia Trevisi, Lorenzo Richiardi, Todd M. Everson, Alexei Novoloaca, Siri E. Håberg, Allan C. Just, Rolv T. Lie, Denise Anderson, Ivana V. Yang, Lu Gao, Hamdi Mbarek, Susan K. Murphy, Robert O. Wright, Claire Monnereau, Jordi Sunyer, Sophie E. Moore, Gonneke Willemsen, Sylvain Sebert, Gerard H. Koppelman, Andrew P. Feinberg, Andrew M. Prentice, Arnout Standaert, Susan Ewart, Dana Dabelea, Maria C. Magnus, Vilhelmina Ullemar, Matthieu Moisse, Sarah E. Reese, Hongmei Zhang, Pia M. Villa, Philip E. Melton, Samantha Lent, Debbie A Lawlor, Christian M. Page, Harold Snieder, Eva Govarts, H. Marike Boezen, Weiming Zhang, Rosalind J. Wright, Augusto A. Litonjua, Carrie V. Breton, Allen J. Wilcox, Jari Lahti, Jack A. Taylor, Mariona Bustamante, Cathrine Hoyo, Karen Huen, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Ellen A. Nohr, Rachel L. Maguire, Lucas A. Salas, Manolis Kogevinas, Ritu Roy, Lawrence J. Beilin, Vincent V. W. Jaddoe, Matthias Wielscher, Carmen J. Marsit, Martine Vrijheid, Emily Oken, Dawn L. DeMeo, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Judith M. Vonk, Eero Kajantie, Margaret R. Karagas, Joseph L. Wiemels, Zdenko Herceg, Sabine A. S. Langie, Anna Bergström, Brenda Eskenazi, Nina Holland, Akram Ghantous, Catarina Almqvist, Lisa A. Croen, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Michael N. Routledge, Marie-France Hivert, Paul Yousefi, Diana A van der Plaat, Syed Hasan Arshad, Kelly M. Bakulski, Gemma C Sharp, M. Daniele Fallin, Juha Kere, Yun Yun Gong, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Catherine Allard, Maaike de Vries, Janine F. Felix, Liesbeth Duijts, Rae-Chi Huang, Joosje H. Heimovaara, Erik Melén, Wilfried Karmaus, Darina Czamara, Katri Räikkönen, Katerina Kechris, Faisal I. Rezwan, Olivia Solomon, Robert Karlsson, Elisabeth B. Binder, Esa Hämäläinen, Leanne K. Küpers, Matt J. Silver, Shanshan Zhao, Eva Corpeleijn, Tim S. Nawrot, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Stephanie J. London, Simon Kebede Merid, John W. Holloway, Tom G. Richardson, Caroline L Relton, Ulrike Gehring, Luigi Bouchard, Zongli Xu, Anne K. Örtqvist, George Davey Smith, Dereje D. Jima, Wenche Nystad, Dorret I. Boomsma, Michelle Plusquin, Terence Dwyer, Epidemiology, Erasmus MC other, Pediatrics, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pregnancy and Genes, Clinicum, Medicum, STEMM - Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Juha Kere / Principal Investigator, Research Programs Unit, HUSLAB, Lastentautien yksikkö, Children's Hospital, HUS Gynecology and Obstetrics, HUS Children and Adolescents, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Biological Psychology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Methodology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,Nutrition and Disease ,Epidemiology ,Birth Weight/genetics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physiology ,02 engineering and technology ,BIOCONDUCTOR ,DISEASE ,Body Mass Index ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Fetal Development ,Voeding en Ziekte ,Smoking/adverse effects ,Birth Weight ,Medicine ,MATERNAL SMOKING ,CORD BLOOD ,Child ,lcsh:Science ,Genome ,Multidisciplinary ,DNA methylation ,Smoking ,Confounding ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,Methylation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,3. Good health ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,EPIGENETIC MEDIATION ,Folic Acid/blood ,PREGNANCY ,Adolescent ,Adult ,CpG Islands ,DNA ,DNA Methylation ,Female ,Fetus ,Folic Acid ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,Infant, Newborn ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Genome, Human ,MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Epigenetics ,GENETIC-EVIDENCE ,epidemiology ,0210 nano-technology ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood ,FETAL ORIGINS ,Human ,PACKAGE ,Science ,Birth weight ,DNA/genetics ,Paediatric research ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,MD Multidisciplinary ,Mendelian randomization ,Life Science ,Science & Technology ,epigenetics ,business.industry ,Infant ,General Chemistry ,Epigenome ,Newborn ,medicine.disease ,Fetal Development/genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Epigenesis - Abstract
Birthweight is associated with health outcomes across the life course, DNA methylation may be an underlying mechanism. In this meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we find that DNA methylation in neonatal blood is associated with birthweight at 914 sites, with a difference in birthweight ranging from −183 to 178 grams per 10% increase in methylation (PBonferroni, Birthweight has been found to associate with later-life health outcomes. Here the authors perform a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of 8,825 neonates from 24 birth cohorts in the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, identifying differentially methylated CpGs in neonatal blood that associate with birthweight.
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- 2019
47. DNA Methylation in Newborns and Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy
- Author
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Anna Bergström, Carrie V. Breton, Marie-France Hivert, Oscar H. Franco, Roy Miodini Nilsen, Leanne K. Küpers, Kelly M. Bakulski, Mariona Pinart, Eva Corpeleijn, Erik Melén, Paul Yousefi, Symen Ligthart, Cilla Söderhäll, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Hasan Arshad, Donglei Hu, Pieter van der Vlies, Göran Pershagen, Bilal M. Quraishi, Jörg Tost, Ashok Kumar, Inger Kull, Nathanaël Lemonnier, Ahmad Vaez, Albert Hofman, Wilfried Karmaus, Sara E. Benjamin Neelon, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Susan Ewart, Celeste Eng, Cathrine Hoyo, M. Daniele Fallin, Juha Kere, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Olena Gruzieva, Henning Tiemeier, Allan C. Just, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Rebecca C Richmond, Andrew P. Feinberg, Gemma C Sharp, Christina A. Markunas, Carlos Ruiz, Charles Auffray, Harold Snieder, Simon Kebede Merid, Nour Baïz, Josep M. Antó, Brenda Eskenazi, Susan K. Murphy, Hongmei Zhang, Fahimeh Falahi, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Martine Vrijheid, Jin Yao, Sarah E. Reese, Marie José Saurel-Coubizolles, Karen Huen, Zdenko Herceg, Tianyuan Wang, Lisa F. Barcellos, Siri E. Håberg, Cheng-Jian Xu, Marjan Kerkhof, Nina Holland, Stephanie J. London, John W. Holloway, Barbara Heude, Hector Hernandez-Vargas, Mariona Bustamante, Marie-Aline Charles, Augusto A. Litonjua, Tom R. Gaunt, Dawn L. DeMeo, Abbas Dehghan, Zongli Xu, Bernard F. Fuemmeler, Caroline L Relton, Jordi Sunyer, Juan R. González, Jie Ren, Marjolein J. Peters, Ulrike Gehring, Sam S. Oh, Jack A. Taylor, Soesma A Jankipersadsing, Wenche Nystad, Matthew W. Gillman, Asa Bradman, Wendy L. McArdle, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, George Davey Smith, Dirkje S. Postma, Magnus Wickman, Johanna Lepeule, Bonnie R. Joubert, Bert Brunekreef, Stefano Guerra, Liesbeth Duijts, Gerard H. Koppelman, Janine F. Felix, Esteban G. Burchard, Allen J. Wilcox, Michael C. Wu, Lucas A. Salas, Akram Ghantous, Epidemiology, Erasmus MC other, Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), and Life Course Epidemiology (LCE)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS ,Bioinformatics ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Pregnancy ,HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR REPRESSOR ,POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY ,Genetics(clinical) ,Child ,NEUROPILIN-2 EXPRESSION ,Genetics (clinical) ,Genetics ,Smoking ,Chromosome Mapping ,Methylation ,3. Good health ,Cleft Palate ,CpG site ,Meta-analysis ,Child, Preschool ,DNA methylation ,Female ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cleft Lip ,European Continental Ancestry Group ,IN-UTERO ,Biology ,Article ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,LUNG-FUNCTION DECLINE ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,BREAST-CANCER ,Epigenetics ,Preschool ,Genetic Association Studies ,Asthma ,PRENATAL EXPOSURE ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,LYMPH-NODE METASTASIS ,Infant ,DNA Methylation ,medicine.disease ,Newborn ,030104 developmental biology ,CIGARETTE-SMOKING ,Epigenesis ,Meta-Analysis - Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, represent a potential mechanism for environmental impacts on human disease. Maternal smoking in pregnancy remains an important public health problem that impacts child health in a myriad of ways and has potential lifelong consequences. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but epigenetics most likely plays a role. We formed the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium and meta-analyzed, across 13 cohorts (n = 6,685), the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and newborn blood DNA methylation at over 450,000 CpG sites (CpGs) by using the Illumina 450K BeadChip. Over 6,000 CpGs were differentially methylated in relation to maternal smoking at genome-wide statistical significance (false discovery rate, 5%), including 2,965 CpGs corresponding to 2,017 genes not previously related to smoking and methylation in either newborns or adults. Several genes are relevant to diseases that can be caused by maternal smoking (e.g., orofacial clefts and asthma) or adult smoking (e.g., certain cancers). A number of differentially methylated CpGs were associated with gene expression. We observed enrichment in pathways and processes critical to development. In older children (5 cohorts, n = 3,187), 100% of CpGs gave at least nominal levels of significance, far more than expected by chance (p value < 2.2 × 10−16). Results were robust to different normalization methods used across studies and cell type adjustment. In this large scale meta-analysis of methylation data, we identified numerous loci involved in response to maternal smoking in pregnancy with persistence into later childhood and provide insights into mechanisms underlying effects of this important exposure. The BAMSE cohort was supported by The Swedish Research Council, The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Freemason Child House Foundation in Stockholm, MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy), a collaborative project conducted within the European Union (grant agreement No. 261357), Centre for Allergy Research, Stockholm County Council (ALF), Swedish foundation for strategic research (SSF, RBc08-0027, EpiGene project), the Strategic Research Programme (SFO) in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet, The Swedish Research Council Formas and the Swedish Environment Protection Agency.
- Published
- 2016
48. Maternal BMI at the start of pregnancy and offspring epigenome-wide DNA methylation: findings from the pregnancy and childhood epigenetics (PACE) consortium
- Author
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Simon Kebede Merid, Sarah E. Reese, Cheng-Jian Xu, Siri E. Håberg, Rolv T. Lie, Denise Anderson, Rachel L. Maguire, Wenche Nystad, Paul Yousefi, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Judith M. Vonk, Allen J. Wilcox, Lucas A. Salas, Marie-France Hivert, Akram Ghantous, Rebecca C Richmond, Liesbeth Duijts, Phillip E. Melton, Jon Bohlin, John W. Holloway, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Jack A. Taylor, Kelly M. Bakulski, Golareh Agha, Caroline L Relton, Matthew Suderman, Bilal M. Quraishi, ClarLynda R. Williams-DeVane, Brenda Eskenazi, Mariona Bustamante, Hongmei Zhang, Lisa A. Croen, Nour Baïz, M. Daniele Fallin, Maria C. Magnus, Luigi Bouchard, Patrice Perron, S. Hasan Arshad, Faisal I. Rezwan, Andrea A. Baccarelli, John P. Newnham, Ritu Roy, Cathrine Hoyo, Craig J. Newschaffer, Zongli Xu, Ellen A. Nohr, George Davey Smith, Gemma C Sharp, Claire Monnereau, Lisa F. Barcellos, Stephanie J. London, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Christian M. Page, Emily Oken, Harold Snieder, Erik Melén, Sandra Ekström, Karen Huen, Martine Vrijheid, Carlos Ruiz-Arenas, Margaret R. Karagas, Göran Pershagen, Todd M. Everson, Semira Gonseth, Henriette A. Smit, Carmen J. Marsit, Michele J. Josey, Zdenko Herceg, Leanne K. Küpers, Shanshan Zhao, Eva Corpeleijn, Wilfried Karmaus, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Joseph L. Wiemels, Nina Holland, Fahimeh Falahi, Susan K. Murphy, Debbie A Lawlor, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Catherine Allard, Asa Bradman, Janine F. Felix, Rae-Chi Huang, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Gerard H. Koppelman, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Pediatrics, Erasmus MC other, and Epidemiology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Epigenomics ,Epidemiology ,Embaràs ,Physiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,GENETIC-VARIANTS ,Prenatal ,Medicine ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Genetics(clinical) ,CORD BLOOD ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aetiology ,Genetics (clinical) ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Adiposity ,GESTATIONAL WEIGHT-GAIN ,Pediatric ,Genetics & Heredity ,0303 health sciences ,BIRTH COHORT ,Pregnancy Outcome ,General Medicine ,Methylation ,Biological Sciences ,CHILDREN ALSPAC ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,DNA methylation ,Generation R ,Epigenetics ,Female ,Maternal Inheritance ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Mothers ,Biology ,Article ,BMI ,EARLY-LIFE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,Internal medicine ,Genetic variation ,Journal Article ,Genetics ,Humans ,Obesity ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Negative control ,NORWEGIAN MOTHER ,Human Genome ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Epigenome ,06 Biological Sciences ,DNA Methylation ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Epigenètica ,medicine.disease ,Newborn ,BODY-MASS INDEX ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,COHORT PROFILE ,GENERATION R ,business ,Body mass index ,Causal inference ,Epigenesis - Abstract
Pre-pregnancy maternal obesity is associated with adverse offspring outcomes at birth and later in life. Individual studies have shown that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation could contribute. Within the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium, we meta-analysed the association between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and methylation at over 450,000 sites in newborn blood DNA, across 19 cohorts (9,340 mother-newborn pairs). We attempted to infer causality by comparing the effects of maternal versus paternal BMI and incorporating genetic variation. In four additional cohorts (1,817 mother-child pairs), we meta-analysed the association between maternal BMI at the start of pregnancy and blood methylation in adolescents. In newborns, maternal BMI was associated with small (
- Published
- 2017
49. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and offspring epigenome-wide DNA methylation: findings from six general population-based birth cohorts
- Author
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Sarah E. Reese, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Marie-France Hivert, Oken E, Liesbeth Duijts, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Gemma C Sharp, Luisa Zuccolo, Nystad W, Augusto A. Litonjua, Kimberley Burrows, Ryan Arathimos, Ching-Ti Liu, Leanne K. Küpers, Jaddoe, Magnus Mc, Christian M. Page, Harold Snieder, Shanshan Zhao, Corpeleijn E, London Sj, Caroline L Relton, D.L. DeMeo, and Janine F. Felix
- Subjects
Genetics ,Pregnancy ,education.field_of_study ,Offspring ,Population ,Physiology ,Epigenome ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Differentially methylated regions ,CpG site ,DNA methylation ,medicine ,Epigenetics ,education - Abstract
Some evidence suggests that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring, but the precise biological mechanisms underlying such associations are currently unknown. Epigenetic modifications have been suggested as one potential explanation.Within the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium, we performed meta-analysis to combine information from six population-based birth cohort studies to investigate DNA methylation at over 450,000 sites in the cord blood of newborns differentially exposed to alcohol in utero. We were primarily interested in the effects of sustained consumption throughout pregnancy (data available for five cohorts, 3,075 mother-child pairs), which represents a prolonged prenatal exposure to alcohol, but we also explored binge-drinking and timing-specific exposures. In addition to looking for differential methylation at individual CpG sites, we also used two different methods, Comb-P and DMRcate, to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs).We found no strong evidence of association between any of our alcohol exposure measures and DNA methylation at any individual CpG site. Using Comb-P, we identified 19 DMRs in the offspring of mothers who drank throughout pregnancy compared to the offspring of mothers who gave up drinking at the start of pregnancy, but these were not validated using DMRcate.In this multi-cohort study of the general population we found no evidence that maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with offspring cord blood DNA methylation, which is in stark contrast to the multiple, strong associations that previous studies have found for maternal smoking. However, it is possible that a combination of a larger sample size, higher doses, different timings of exposure and a more global assessment of genomic DNA methylation might show evidence of association.
- Published
- 2017
50. Maternal plasma folate impacts differential DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide meta-analysis of newborns
- Author
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Øivind Midttun, Per Magne Ueland, Wenche Nystad, Michael C. Wu, Bettina Kulle Andreassen, Herman T. den Dekker, Emma L. Beckett, Albert Hofman, Bonnie R. Joubert, Eric A.P. Steegers, Shyamal D. Peddada, Jon Bohlin, Sarah E. Reese, André G. Uitterlinden, Oscar H. Franco, Roy Miodini Nilsen, Tianyuan Wang, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Stein Emil Vollset, Abbas Dehghan, Siri E. Håberg, Janine F. Felix, Marjolein J. Peters, Johan C. de Jongste, Stephanie J. London, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Henning Tiemeier, Symen Ligthart, Liesbeth Duijts, Epidemiology, Erasmus MC other, Pediatrics, Pediatric Surgery, Psychiatry, Internal Medicine, and Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters ,Offspring ,Science ,LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ,Peripherins ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Disease ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,GPI-Linked Proteins ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Folic Acid ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Epigenetics ,Genetics ,Fetus ,Multidisciplinary ,Serine Endopeptidases ,Neural tube ,Infant, Newborn ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,General Chemistry ,Epigenome ,DNA Methylation ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Cytoskeletal Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,DNA methylation ,Female ,Kallikreins ,Cell Adhesion Molecules ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Folate is vital for fetal development. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and food fortification are recommended to prevent neural tube defects. Mechanisms whereby periconceptional folate influences normal development and disease are poorly understood: epigenetics may be involved. We examine the association between maternal plasma folate during pregnancy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation using Illumina's HumanMethyl450 Beadchip in 1,988 newborns from two European cohorts. Here we report the combined covariate-adjusted results using meta-analysis and employ pathway and gene expression analyses. Four-hundred forty-three CpGs (320 genes) are significantly associated with maternal plasma folate levels during pregnancy (false discovery rate 5%); 48 are significant after Bonferroni correction. Most genes are not known for folate biology, including APC2, GRM8, SLC16A12, OPCML, PRPH, LHX1, KLK4 and PRSS21. Some relate to birth defects other than neural tube defects, neurological functions or varied aspects of embryonic development. These findings may inform how maternal folate impacts the developing epigenome and health outcomes in offspring., Folic acid is routinely recommended for women trying to conceive to ensure proper fetal development. Here, the authors perform a large epigenomics study to examine which fetal epigenetic changes are associated with varied maternal plasma folate levels.
- Published
- 2016
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