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1. Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT

Author

Elsa Breton, Nicolas Savoye, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Benoit Sautour, Eric Goberville, Arnaud Lheureux, Thierry Cariou, Sophie Ferreira, Hélène Agogué, Samir Alliouane, Fabien Aubert, Sébastien Aubin, Eric Berthebaud, Hadrien Blayac, Lucie Blondel, Cédric Boulart, Yann Bozec, Sarah Bureau, Arnaud Caillo, Arnaud Cauvin, Jean-Baptiste Cazes, Léo Chasselin, Pascal Claquin, Pascal Conan, Marie-Ange Cordier, Laurence Costes, Romain Crec’hriou, Olivier Crispi, Muriel Crouvoisier, Valérie David, Yolanda Del Amo, Hortense De Lary, Gaspard Delebecq, Jeremy Devesa, Aurélien Domeau, Maria Durozier, Claire Emery, Eric Feunteun, Juliette Fauchot, Valérie Gentilhomme, Sandrine Geslin, Mélanie Giraud, Karine Grangeré, Gerald Grégori, Emilie Grossteffan, Aurore Gueux, Julien Guillaudeau, Gael Guillou, Manon Harrewyn, Orianne Jolly, Florence Jude-Lemeilleur, Paul Labatut, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Lachaussée, Michel Lafont, Veronique Lagadec, Christophe Lambert, Jezebel Lamoureux, Laurent Lanceleur, Benoit Lebreton, Eric Lecuyer, David Lemeille, Yann Leredde, Cédric Leroux, Aude Leynaert, Stéphane L’Helguen, Camilla Liénart, Eric Macé, Eric Maria, Barbara Marie, Dominique Marie, Sébastien Mas, Fabrice Mendes, Line Mornet, Behzad Mostajir, Laure Mousseau, Antoine Nowaczyk, Sandra Nunige, René Parra, Thomas Paulin, David Pecqueur, Franck Petit, Philippe Pineau, Patrick Raimbault, Fabienne Rigaut-Jalabert, Christophe Salmeron, Ian Salter, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Laurent Seuront, Emmanuelle Sultan, Rémi Valdès, Vincent Vantrepotte, Francesca Vidussi, Florian Voron, Renaud Vuillemin, Laurent. Zudaire, and Nicole Garcia

Subjects
environmental monitoring network, data quality control, inter-laboratory comparison exercises, measurement uncertainty, analyst performance, multivariate dataset, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (

Published
2023
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3. Accumulation of Methylmercury in the High-Altitude Lake Uru Uru (3686 m a.s.l, Bolivia) Controlled by Sediment Efflux and Photodegradation

Author

Stéphane Guédron, Dario Achá, Sylvain Bouchet, David Point, Emmanuel Tessier, Carlos Heredia, Stéfany Rocha-Lupa, Pablo Fernandez-Saavedra, Marizol Flores, Sarah Bureau, Israel Quino-Lima, and David Amouroux

Subjects
monomethylmercury, water–sediment interface, diel and seasonal cycles, photodegradation, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In shallow aquatic environments, sediment is a significant source of monomethylmercury (MMHg) for surface water (SW). High-altitude aquatic ecosystems are characterized by extreme hydro-climatic constraints (e.g., low oxygen and high UV radiation). We studied, during two seasons, the diel cycles of MMHg in SW and sediment porewaters (PW) of Lake Uru Uru (3686 m a.s.l, Bolivia) contaminated by urban and mining activities. Our results show that diel changes in SW MMHg concentrations (up to 1.8 ng L−1) overwhelm seasonal ones, with higher MMHg accumulation during the night-time and the dry season. The calculation of MMHg diffusive fluxes demonstrates that the sediment compartment was the primary source of MMHg to the SW. Most MMHg efflux occurred during the dry season (35.7 ± 17.4 ng m−2 day−1), when the lake was relatively shallow, more eutrophicated, and with the redoxcline located above the sediment–water interface (SWI). Changes in MMHg accumulation in the PWs were attributed to diel redox oscillations around the SWI driving both the bacterial sulfate reduction and bio-methylation. Finally, we highlight that although MMHg loading from the PW to the SW is large, MMHg photodegradation and demethylation by microorganisms control the net MMHg accumulation in the water column.

Published
2020
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4. Structure of Water Adsorbed on Nanocrystalline Calcium Silicate Hydrate Determined from Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Author

Zhanar Zhakiyeva, Gabriel J. Cuello, Henry E. Fischer, Daniel T. Bowron, Catherine Dejoie, Valerie Magnin, Sylvain Campillo, Sarah Bureau, Agnieszka Poulain, Rogier Besselink, Stephane Gaboreau, Sylvain Grangeon, Francis Claret, Ian C. Bourg, Alexander E. S. Van Driessche, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE08-0057,NUANCE,Mécanismes complexes de nucléation dans les ciments naturels et synthétiques(2017)

Subjects
General Energy, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

5. Selenium Nanowire Formation by Reacting Selenate with Magnetite

Author

Agnieszka Poulain, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Jean-Marc Greneche, Damien Prieur, Andreas C. Scheinost, Nicolas Menguy, Sarah Bureau, Valérie Magnin, Nathaniel Findling, Jakub Drnec, Isaac Martens, Marta Mirolo, Laurent Charlet, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Nanowires, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Selenic Acid, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Selenious Acid, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Selenium, Coal, Steel, Radioactive Waste, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Environmental Chemistry, Adsorption, Selenium Compounds, Oxidation-Reduction, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; The mobility of 79Se, a fission product of 235U and long-lived radioisotope, is an important parameter in the safety assessment of radioactive nuclear waste disposal systems. Nonradioactive selenium is also an important contaminant of drainage waters from black shale mountains and coal mines. Highly mobile and soluble in its high oxidation states, selenate (Se(VI)O42–) and selenite (Se(IV)O32–) oxyanions can interact with magnetite, a mineral present in anoxic natural environments and in steel corrosion products, thereby being reduced and consequently immobilized by forming low-solubility solids. Here, we investigated the sorption and reduction capacity of synthetic nanomagnetite toward Se(VI) at neutral and acidic pH, under reducing, oxygen-free conditions. The additional presence of Fe(II)aq, released during magnetite dissolution at pH 5, has an effect on the reduction kinetics. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses revealed that, at pH 5, trigonal gray Se(0) formed and that sorbed Se(IV) complexes remained on the nanoparticle surface during longer reaction times. The Se(0) nanowires grew during the reaction, which points to a complex transport mechanism of reduced species or to active reduction sites at the tip of the Se(0) nanowires. The concomitant uptake of aqueous Fe(II) and Se(VI) ions is interpreted as a consequence of small pH oscillations that result from the Se(VI) reduction, leading to a re-adsorption of aqueous Fe(II) onto the magnetite, renewing its reducing capacity. This effect is not observed at pH 7, where we observed only the formation of Se(0) with slow kinetics due to the formation of an oxidized maghemite layer. This indicates that the presence of aqueous Fe(II) may be an important factor to be considered when examining the environmental reactivity of magnetite.

Published
2022

6. Influence of Silica Coatings on Magnetite-Catalyzed Selenium Reduction

Author

Sara Goberna-Ferrón, Laura Simonelli, Jean-Marc Greneche, Bahareh Zareeipolgardani, Nathaniel Findling, Laurent Charlet, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Maria P. Asta, Sarah Bureau, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, and ALBA Synchrotron light source [Barcelone]

Subjects
Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ferric Compounds, Catalysis, Magnetite, Reduction (complexity), chemistry.chemical_compound, Selenium, Transfer reactions, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Environmental Chemistry, Reactivity (chemistry), Silica coating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Silicon Dioxide, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Kinetics, Chemical engineering, Sorption, Adsorption, Oxidation-Reduction, Vinyl, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; The reactivity of iron(II/III) oxide surfaces may be influenced by their interaction with silica, which is ubiquitous in aquatic systems. Understanding the structure–reactivity relationships of Si-coated mineral surfaces is necessary to describe the complex surface behavior of nanoscale iron oxides. Here, we use Si-adsorption isotherms and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze the sorption and polymerization of silica on slightly oxidized magnetite nanoparticles (15% maghemite and 85% magnetite, i.e., ∼2 maghemite surface layers), showing that Si adsorption follows a Langmuir isotherm up to 2 mM dissolved Si, where surface polymerization occurs. Furthermore, the effects of silica surface coatings on the redox-catalytic ability of magnetite are analyzed using selenium as a molecular probe. The results show that for partially oxidized nanoparticles and even under different Si surface coverages, electron transfer is still occurring. The results indicate anion exchange between silicate and the sorbed SeIV and SeVI. X-ray absorption near-edge structure analyses of the reacted Se indicate the formation of a mixed selenite/Se0 surface phase. We conclude that neither partial oxidation nor silica surface coatings block the sorption and redox-catalytic properties of magnetite nanoparticles, a result with important implications to assess the reactivity of mixed-valence phases in environmental settings.

Published
2021

7. In Situ Formation of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) onto Textile Fibers

Author

Elise Eymard Vernain, Mahaut Di Girolamo, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Sarah Bureau, German Montes-Hernandez, Géraldine Sarret, Cécile Lelong, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Protéomique pour la Microbiologie, l'Immunologie et la Toxicologie (PROMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Protéomique pour la Microbiologie, l'Immunilogie et la Toxicologie (PROMIT)

Subjects
In situ, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Materials science, Textile, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Article, Silver nanoparticle, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business, QD1-999
Abstract

International audience; Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) adhered/inserted on textile fibers have an effective antimicrobial role. However, their release due to low adherence and their fate in the natural settings have been questioned in terms of toxicity level. In order to overcome this recurrent problem of adherence, the in situ formation of Ag-NPs in five textile fibers (cotton (untreated and chemically bleached), sheep's wool, polyamide, and polyester) was assessed. Herein, the fibers were first immersed in a silver ion solution (1 g/L of AgNO3) for ion saturation at room T for 24 h followed by draining fibers and their reimmersion this time in a strong chemical reducing solution (0.25 g/L of NaBH4) at room T for 24 h. This latter step leads to the in situ formation of Ag-NPs where size (5 nm < size < 50 nm), surface covering concentration, and aggregation degree depend on the textile fiber kind as deduced from FESEM images. This simple lab chemical method allows instantaneous in situ formation of Ag-NPs onto fibers without the requirement of additional thermal treatment. Moreover, for natural fibers, the formation of Ag-NPs inside of them is also expected as confirmed from FESEM images in cotton cross sections. In complement, all textile fibers containing Ag-NPs (sheep's wool 10 mg/g > untreated cotton 2.3 mg/g > bleached cotton 1 mg/g > polyamide 0.62 mg/g > polyester 0.28 mg/g) were submitted to interact with strong oxidants in an aqueous media (7.5% v/v of H2O2, 0.5 and 0.05 M of HNO3 and ultrapure water as the control) using flow-through reactor experiments. Here, breakthrough curves reveal that the oxidative dissolution rate (given in mol/g min) of adhered Ag-NPs (ionic release) depends strongly on fiber nature, and nature and concentration of oxidant solution. In summary, this fundamental study suggests that Ag-NPs may be successfully adhered/inserted in natural fibers (wool and cotton) in a safety-design perspective with performant biocide properties as confirmed by using Bacillus subtilis.

Published
2021

8. Cadmium transfer in contaminated soil-rice systems: Insights from solid-state speciation analysis and stable isotope fractionation

Author

Gautier Landrot, Philippe Telouk, Jian Feng Ma, Sarah Bureau, Anne Marie Aucour, Marco Romani, Sylvain Campillo, Géraldine Sarret, Matthias Wiggenhauser, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Speciation, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Soil, ddc:690, Isotope fractionation, Cadmium, Rice, Isotopes, Membrane transporter, Vacuole, Sulfur, Soil Pollutants, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Stable isotope ratio, Chemistry, fungi, food and beverages, Oryza, General Medicine, Pollution, Soil contamination, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Shoot, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Initial Cadmium (Cd) isotope fractionation studies in cereals ascribed the retention of Cd and its light isotopes to the binding of Cd to sulfur (S). To better understand the relation of Cd binding to S and Cd isotope fractionation in soils and plants, we combined isotope and XAS speciation analyses in soil-rice systems that were rich in Cd and S. The systems included distinct water management (flooded vs. non-flooded) and rice accessions with (excluder) and without (non-excluder) functional membrane transporter OsHMA3 that transports Cd into root vacuoles. Initially, 13% of Cd in the soil was bound to S. Through soil flooding, the proportion of Cd bound to S increased to 100%. Soil flooding enriched the rice plants towards heavy isotopes (δ114/110Cd = −0.37 to −0.39%) compared to the plants that grew on non-flooded soils (δ114/110Cd = −0.45 to −0.56%) suggesting that preferentially light Cd isotopes precipitated into Cd sulfides. Isotope compositions in CaCl2 root extracts indicated that the root surface contributed to the isotope shift between soil and plant during soil flooding. In rice roots, Cd was fully bound to S in all treatments. The roots in the excluder rice strongly retained Cd and its lights isotopes while heavy isotopes were transported to the shoots (Δ114/110Cdshoot-root 0.16–0.19‰). The non-excluder rice accumulated Cd in shoots and the apparent difference in isotope composition between roots and shoots was smaller than that of the excluder rice (Δ114/110Cdshoot-root −0.02 to 0.08‰). We ascribe the retention of light Cd isotopes in the roots of the excluder rice to the membrane transport of Cd by OsHMA3 and/or chelating Cd–S complexes in the vacuole. Cd–S was the major binding form in flooded soils and rice roots and partly contributed to the immobilization of Cd and its light isotopes in soil-rice systems. ISSN:0269-7491 ISSN:1878-2450 ISSN:1873-6424

Published
2021

9. Accumulation of Methylmercury in the High-Altitude Lake Uru Uru (3686 m a.s.l, Bolivia) Controlled by Sediment Efflux and Photodegradation

Author

Israel Quino-Lima, Carlos Heredia, Sarah Bureau, Darío Achá, Pablo Fernandez-Saavedra, Stéphane Guédron, Stéfany Rocha-Lupa, David Point, David Amouroux, Emmanuel Tessier, Marizol Giovana Flores, Sylvain Bouchet, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMIBOL project (INSU CNRS/IRD EC2CO Program), ANR-13-CESA-0015,LA PACHAMAMA,Lacs de l'Altiplano (Bolivie): exploration in situ des Processus (A)biotiques contrôlant le biogéoCHimie Aquatique du Mercure A l'échelle MoléculAire et isotopique.(2013), and ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, monomethylmercury, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Dry season, water sediment interface, General Materials Science, water–sediment interface, Sulfate, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Instrumentation, Methylmercury, Diel vertical migration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, diel and seasonal cycles, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, Aquatic ecosystem, fungi, General Engineering, Sediment, lcsh:QC1-999, 6. Clean water, Computer Science Applications, water-sediment interface, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, photodegradation, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Surface water, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

In shallow aquatic environments, sediment is a significant source of monomethylmercury (MMHg) for surface water (SW). High-altitude aquatic ecosystems are characterized by extreme hydro-climatic constraints (e.g., low oxygen and high UV radiation). We studied, during two seasons, the diel cycles of MMHg in SW and sediment porewaters (PW) of Lake Uru Uru (3686 m a.s.l, Bolivia) contaminated by urban and mining activities. Our results show that diel changes in SW MMHg concentrations (up to 1.8 ng L&minus, 1) overwhelm seasonal ones, with higher MMHg accumulation during the night-time and the dry season. The calculation of MMHg diffusive fluxes demonstrates that the sediment compartment was the primary source of MMHg to the SW. Most MMHg efflux occurred during the dry season (35.7 &plusmn, 17.4 ng m&minus, 2 day&minus, 1), when the lake was relatively shallow, more eutrophicated, and with the redoxcline located above the sediment&ndash, water interface (SWI). Changes in MMHg accumulation in the PWs were attributed to diel redox oscillations around the SWI driving both the bacterial sulfate reduction and bio-methylation. Finally, we highlight that although MMHg loading from the PW to the SW is large, MMHg photodegradation and demethylation by microorganisms control the net MMHg accumulation in the water column.

Published
2020
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10. Selenite Sorption on Hydrated CEM-V/A Cement in the Presence of Steel Corrosion Products: Redox vs Non-redox Sorption

Author

Delphine Tisserand, Pierre Henocq, Laurent Charlet, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Kaifeng Wang, Sarah Bureau, Bin Ma, Benoît Madé, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Cement, Construction Materials, Radioactive waste, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Selenious Acid, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Corrosion, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Steel, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Environmental Chemistry, Cementitious, Ternary operation, Oxidation-Reduction, Selenium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; Reinforced cementitious structures in nuclear waste repositories will act as barriers that limit the mobility of radionuclides (RNs) in case of eventual leakage. CEM-V/A cement, a ternary blended cement with blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA), could be qualified and used in nuclear waste disposal. Chemical interactions between the cement and RNs are critical but not completely understood. Here, we combined wet chemistry methods, synchrotron-based X-ray techniques, and thermodynamic modeling to explore redox interactions and nonredox sorption processes in simulated steel-reinforced CEM-V/A hydration systems using selenite as a molecular probe. Among all of the steel corrosion products analyzed, only the addition of Fe0 can obviously enhance the reducing ability of cement toward selenite. In comparison, steel corrosion products showed stronger reducing power in the absence of cement hydrates. Selenium K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that selenite immobilization mechanisms included nonredox inner-/outer-sphere complexations and reductive precipitations of FeSe and/or Se(0). Importantly, the hydrated pristine cement showed a good reducing ability, driven by ferrous phases and (bi)sulfides (as shown by sulfur K-edge XAS) originated from BFS and FA. The overall redox potential imposed by hydrated CEM-V/A was determined, hinting to a redox shift in underground cementitious structures.

Published
2020

11. Influence of Surface Compositions on the Reactivity of Pyrite toward Aqueous U(VI)

Author

Thierry G.G. Maffeis, Delphine Tisserand, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Sarah Bureau, Kaifeng Wang, Laurent Charlet, Eduardo Salas-Colera, Bin Ma, Nathaniel Findling, Aled R. Lewis, Mingliang Kang, European Commission, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Iron, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sulfides, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Chemical kinetics, Transfer reactions, Impurity, Galena, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Environmental Chemistry, Reactivity (chemistry), Redox reactions, Ball mill, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous solution, Materiales, Pyrite, Water, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, Uranium, chemistry, 13. Climate action, engineering, Oxidation-Reduction, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Pyrite plays a significant role in governing the mobility of toxic uranium in an anaerobic environment via an oxidation–reduction process occurring at the mineral–water interface, but the factors influencing the reaction kinetics remain poorly understood. In this study, natural pyrites with different impurities (Pb, As, and Si) and different surface pretreatments were used to react with aqueous U(VI) from pH ∼3.0 to ∼9.5. Both aqueous and solid results indicated that freshly crushed pyrites, which do have more surface Fe2+/Fe3+ and S2– sites that were generated from breakage of Fe(S)–S bonds during ball milling, exhibited a much stronger reactivity than those treated with acid washing. Besides, U(VI) reduction which involves the possible intermediate U(V) and the formation of hyperstoichiometric UO2+x(s) was found to preferentially occur at Pb- and As-rich spots on the pyrite surface, suggesting that the incorporated impurities could act as reactive sites because of the generation of lattice defects and galena- and arsenopyrite-like local configurations. These reactive surface sites can be removed by acid washing, leaving a pyrite surface nearly inert toward aqueous U(VI). Thus, reactivity of pyrite toward U(VI) is largely governed by its surface compositions, which provides an insight into the chemical behavior of both pyrite and uranium in various environments. The authors are grateful to Eugene S. Ilton (PNNL, USA) for the XPS data interpretation and Robin Pauer (Empa, Switzerland) for the EDX spectrum treatment. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, nos. 41773095 and 41403075), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Sun Yat-sen University (no. 201545000-31610011), ANDRA, and Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d’avenir—ANR10 LABX56). B.M. also appreciates the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) and European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 754364. The synchrotron facilities ESRF (BM25A-25-01-976) are acknowledged for the allocation of beam time.

Published
2020

12. Impact of a Model Soil Microorganism and of Its Secretome on the Fate of Silver Nanoparticles

Author

Elise Eymard-Vernain, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Cécile Lelong, Benoit Gallet, Romain Soulas, Vanessa Tardillo Suárez, Sarah Bureau, Olivier Proux, Géraldine Sarret, Ana Elena Pradas del Real, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ID16b, ESRF—The European Synchrotron facility, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Science et Ingenierie, MAtériaux Procédés (SIMP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-École Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Grenoble (ENSPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), ID21, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Silver, Microorganism, Sulfidation, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Bacillus subtilis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Silver nanoparticle, Soil, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Chemistry, Sorption, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Rate-determining step, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Chemical engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, Bacteria
Abstract

International audience; Sulfidation is a key process for silver nano-particles released from consumer products in the environment. This study focuses on the impact of a model soil microorganism , Bacillus subtilis, on the fate of pristine and already sulfidized Ag-NPs. The nanoparticles were incubated with the initial growth medium, isolated secretome, and living bacteria, and characterized for their size and morphology, agglomeration state, structure, and Ag speciation. No Ag internalization or sorption on the cell wall was detected. A partial sulfidation, leading to an Ag−Ag 2 S core−shell structure, was observed in the presence of the secretome, and the rate limiting step of the reaction was the oxidation of Ag 0 , and it was favored near the crystal dislocations. The sulfidation was complete in the presence of the living bacteria and followed an indirect pathway. Both crystalline Ag 2 S and amorphous Ag 2 S and/or Ag-thiol were identified. At the opposite, the bacteria had no impact on Ag 2 S. These results suggest that microorganisms participate in the sulfidation of Ag-NPs in aerobic systems such as unsaturated soils, and thus affect the bioavailability of Ag. It is important to take these transformations into account during exposure experiments, since they drastically change the exposure conditions. Finally, the secretome of B. subtilis might be used for the green synthesis of Ag−Ag 2 S core−shell nanoparticles.

Published
2017

13. Sub-ppm level high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy of selenium in articular cartilage

Author

Ilyas M. Khan, Sylvain Bohic, Lenny H. E. Winkel, C. Bissardon, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Lewis Francis, Laurent Charlet, Olivier Proux, Sarah Bureau, Elke Suess, R.S. Conlan, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), School of Medicine, Swansea University, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Rayonnement Synchrotron et Recherche Medicale (RSRM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), ANR-10-LABX-0056/10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), ANR-13-BS08-0012,DyStrAS,Structure & Dynamique des Alumino-Silicates Fondus(2013), ANR-10-EQPX-27-01,EcoX,Ligne de lumière microfocus et très haute dilution à l'ESRF pour les sciences de l'environnement, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), ANR-10-EQPX-0027,EcoX,Ligne de lumière microfocus et très haute dilution à l'ESRF pour les sciences de l'environnement(2010), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Cartilage, Articular, Male, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Resolution (mass spectrometry), [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, media_common.quotation_subject, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Articular cartilage, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Fluorescence, Analytical Chemistry, Crystal, Selenium, Limit of Detection, Electrochemistry, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Least-Squares Analysis, Spectroscopy, media_common, Principal Component Analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, 010401 analytical chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Speciation, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, chemistry, Cattle, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The speciation of highly-diluted elements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy in a diverse range of materials is extremely challenging, especially in biological matrices such as articular cartilage. Here we show that using a high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) technique coupled to an array of crystal analyzers, selenium speciation down to 400 ppb (μg/kg) within articular cartilage can be demonstrated. This is a major advance in the speciation of highly-diluted elements through X-ray absorption spectroscopy and opens new possibilities to study the metabolic role of selenium and other elements in biological samples.

Published
2019

14. Arsenite and chromate sequestration onto ferrihydrite, siderite and goethite nanostructured minerals: Isotherms from flow-through reactor experiments and XAS measurements

Author

Georges Ona-Nguema, Nadia Mzoughi, Géraldine Sarret, A. Tordo, German Montes-Hernandez, Guillaume Morin, Sarah Bureau, S. Hajji, T. Turki, Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire d'Etudes Aérodynamiques (LEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj Cédria - ISSTE (TUNISIA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2016-2019] (ISTerre [2016-2019]), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche et Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Goethite, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Inorganic chemistry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Oxyanion, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ferrihydrite, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Oxide minerals, Chromate conversion coating, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Langmuir adsorption model, Sorption, Pollution, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, symbols
Abstract

Sorption isotherms remain a major tool to describe and predict the mobility of pollutants in natural and anthropogenic environments, but they are typically determined by independent batch experiments. In the present study, the sequestration of As(III), Cr(VI) and competitive As(III)-Cr(VI) on/in 6L-ferrihydrite, siderite and goethite nanostructured minerals was reinvestigated using stirred flow-through reactor experiments. Herein, sorption isotherms were particularly determined from breakthrough curves for inert and reactive tracers monitored simultaneously in a single percolation experiment. In complement, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify As sorption sites on 6L-ferrihydrite and goethite. As expected, the minerals have high potential to remove As and Cr from water (siderite = ferrihydrite (about 60 mg/g) > goethite (20 mg/g)). As and Cr sorption isotherms were modelled with a Langmuir model, and with a sigmoidal Hill model in the case of the competitive sorption. XAS measurements have revealed that As(III) was partially oxidized (up to 22%) in the competitive system with chromate oxyanion Cr(VI). As(III) sorbed on ferrihydrite and goethite adopted edge-sharing and corner sharing complex geometries. Nowadays, a new class of adsorbing phases is being developed for wastewater treatment, including engineered nanostructured materials and nanocomposites. The use of flow through reactor experiments as a high throughput method, combined with XAS, should be considered as efficient screening methods to test their sorbing properties on various contaminants.

Published
2019

15. Selenite Uptake by Ca-Al LDH: A Description of Intercalated Anion Coordination Geometries

Author

Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Sylvain Grangeon, Sarah Bureau, Nicolas C.M. Marty, Sergio Carrero, Ayumi Koishi, Giuliana Aquilanti, Delphine Tisserand, Christophe Tournassat, Carlo Marini, Laurent Charlet, Erik Elkaim, Bin Ma, Nathaniel Findling, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Earth Science University of Huelva, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CELLS ALBA, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08390, Spain, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), ANR-10-EQPX-0039,NanoID,Plateforme d'identification des nanoparticules dédiée à la sécurité(2010), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC)

Subjects
Ion exchange, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Aluminate, Inorganic chemistry, Layered double hydroxides, Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Selenious Acid, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, X-Ray Diffraction, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Phase (matter), engineering, Hydroxides, Environmental Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology, Stoichiometry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are anion exchangers with a strong potential to scavenge anionic contaminants in aquatic environments. Here, the uptake of selenite (SeO32–) by Ca–Al LDHs was investigated as a function of Se concentration. Thermodynamic modeling of batch sorption isotherms shows that the formation of SeO32–-intercalated AFm (hydrated calcium aluminate monosubstituent) phase, AFm-SeO3, is the dominant mechanism controlling the retention of Se at medium loadings. AFm-Cl2 shows much stronger affinity and larger distribution ratio (Rd ∼ 17800 L kg–1) toward SeO32– than AFm-SO4 (Rd ∼ 705 L kg–1). At stoichiometric SeO32– loading for anion exchange, the newly formed AFm-SeO3 phase results in two basal spacing, i.e., 9.93 ± 0.06 Å and ∼11.03 ± 0.03 Å. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicate that the intercalated SeO32– forms inner-sphere complexes with the Ca–Al–O layers. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that basal spacing of Ca–Al LDHs have a remarkable linear relationship with the size of hydrated intercalated anions (i.e., Cl–, SO42–, MoO42–, and SeO32–). Contrary to AFm-SeO3 with inner-sphere SeO32– complexes in the interlayer, the phase with hydrogen-bonded inner-sphere complexed SeO32– is kinetically favored but thermodynamically unstable. This work offers new insights about the determination of intercalated anion coordination geometries via XRD analyses.

Published
2017

16. Evidence of Multiple Sorption Modes in Layered Double Hydroxides Using Mo As Structural Probe

Author

Delphine Tisserand, Nicolas C.M. Marty, Francis Claret, Laurent Charlet, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Sylvain Grangeon, Sarah Bureau, Carlo Marini, Ayumi Koishi, Erik Elkaim, Eduardo Salas-Colera, Bin Ma, Nathaniel Findling, Christophe Tournassat, Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre de Recherche sur les Sociétés et Environnements en Méditerranées (CRESEM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), China Scholarship Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)

Subjects
Absorption spectroscopy, Inorganic chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Molybdate, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Water Purification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, X-Ray Diffraction, Hydroxides, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous solution, Ion exchange, Chemistry, Layered double hydroxides, Sorption, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Octahedron, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been considered as effective phases for the remediation of aquatic environments, to remove anionic contaminants mainly through anion exchange mechanisms. Here, a combination of batch isotherm experiments and X-ray techniques was used to examine molybdate (MoO ) sorption mechanisms on CaAl LDHs with increasing loadings of molybdate. Advanced modeling of aqueous data shows that the sorption isotherm can be interpreted by three retention mechanisms, including two types of edge sites complexes, interlayer anion exchange, and CaMoO precipitation. Meanwhile, Mo geometry evolves from tetrahedral to octahedral on the edge, and back to tetrahedral coordination at higher Mo loadings, indicated by Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. Moreover, an anion exchange process on both CaAl LDHs was followed by in situ time-resolved synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, remarkably agreeing with the sorption isotherm. This detailed molecular view shows that different uptake mechanisms - edge sorption, interfacial dissolution-reprecipitation - are at play and control anion uptake under environmentally relevant conditions, which is contrast to the classical view of anion exchange as the primary retention mechanism. This work puts all these mechanisms in perspective, offering a new insight into the complex interplay of anion uptake mechanisms by LDH phases, by using changes in Mo geometry as powerful molecular-scale probe., This work has been supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d’avenir - ANR10 LABX56). B.M., A.F.-M., L.C., S.G. and F.C. thank the NEEDS program from the CNRS for funding support. B.M. also thanks the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC).

Published
2017

17. Silver and lead in high-altitude lake sediments: Proxies for climate changes and human activities

Author

Xavier Faïn, Sylvain Campillo, Emmanuel Chapron, Marion Garçon, Laurent Charlet, Mingfang Lin, Catherine Chauvel, Marie-Christine Bailly-Maître, Sarah Bureau, Marc Desmet, Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CLIPS, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Transferts continentaux : forçages anthropiques, climatiques et géodynamiques, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (LA3M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Mountain Institute (Chambéry) and by the GDR JURALP 2992 of the French CNRS for radiocarbon dating., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 5 - Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Lead (sea ice), Geochemistry, Climate change, Glacier, 010501 environmental sciences, Effects of high altitude on humans, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Erosion, Environmental Chemistry, Sedimentary rock, sense organs, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Vein (geology), Holocene, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; High-altitude lake sediments are often used as archives for environmental changes and their chemical and isotopic compositions provide significant constraints on natural and anthropogenic long-term changes that have occurred in their catchment area. Here, trace-element concentrations and Pb isotopes are presented for two sedimentary cores from Lake Blanc Huez in the French Alps, to trace the impact of climate changes and human activities over the Holocene. Lead and Ag contents are very high and clearly dominated by input from a Pb-Ag vein located a few meters from the lakeshore, a vein that also buffers the Pb isotopes. Mining of this vein in medieval times is recorded in the corresponding lake sediments with high Ag content coupled with high Pb/U ratio. These chemical characteristics can be used to constrain the major Holocene climate changes. Significant advances of glaciers next to the lake produced sediments with Ag and Pb concentration peaks and high Pb/U ratios due to accelerated erosion of the Pb-Ag vein, similar to the effects of the medieval mining. In contrast, reduced glacier activity led to the formation of organic-rich sediments with high U and As contents and low Pb/U ratios. More generally, the observed combination of chemical changes could be used elsewhere to decipher environmental changes over long periods of time.

Published
2012

18. Beach placer, a proxy for the average Nd and Hf isotopic composition of a continental area

Author

Catherine Chauvel, Sarah Bureau, Marion Garçon, Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial support for this study was provided by the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) and an INSU-CNRS grant., and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Zircon, Placer mining, Continental crust, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Placer deposit, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Monazite, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Neodymium, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Heavy mineral, Proterozoic, Geology, Massif, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Hafnium
Abstract

Beach placer deposits concentrate detrital heavy minerals which are the erosion products of large areas of continental crust. Here, we report the first analyses of Nd–Hf isotopic ratios and trace element concentrations that we measured in a beach placer from Camargue, France and in its pure mineral separates. Both the bulk composition of the placer and those of its pure mineral separates were determined. We also report mineral proportions obtained using observations under a binocular microscope and micro X-ray fluorescence mapping. Our results indicate that monazite totally controls the placer's Nd isotopic composition ( e Nd = − 9.3) while zircon dominates its Hf isotopes ( e Hf = − 13.0) even though both mineral phases represent only a small proportion of the heavy mineral assemblage (3.5 and 10% respectively). We demonstrate that the Camargue placer provides a good estimate of the average Nd and Hf isotopic composition of the continental area drained by the Rhone River in Western Europe ( e Nd ≈ − 9 and e Hf ≈ − 13). Using these values, we calculate two stage model ages and show that almost all the placer minerals are derived from Proterozoic crustal protoliths. This provides valuable information on the history of the continental crust drained by the Rhone River. In particular, it suggests that little juvenile crust was created during the recent geological events that formed the Alps and the Massif Central, the two main massifs from which the placer minerals originate. More generally, we propose that similar measurements made on other worldwide beach placer deposits could provide estimates of the present-day Nd and Hf isotopic composition of large continental areas, values that are difficult to obtain due to the well-known heterogeneity of continental material but are essential to model the growth of continental crust through Earth history or to model the impact of crustal material when recycled into the mantle.

Published
2011

19. Accurate Measurement of Rare Earth Elements by ICP-MS after Ion-Exchange Separation: Application to Ultra-Depleted Samples

Author

Sarah Bureau, Christian Picard, Catherine Chauvel, Marc Ulrich, Institut des Sciences de la Terre ( ISTerre ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Accuracy and precision, Rare earth, cation resin, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Analytical chemistry, ultramafic rocks, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, [ SDU.STU.VO ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, roches ultramafiques, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, ICP-MS quadripolaire, résine cationique, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, échange d’ions, ion-exchange, [ SDU.STU.MI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Reproducibility, Ion exchange, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Geology, Trace element measurement, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, REE, 0104 chemical sciences, quadrupole ICP-MS, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; This study reports precise and accurate data for rare earth elements (REE) measured on eight geological reference materials, five enriched in REE (BE-N, BHVO-2, BR, BR-24 and RGM-1) and three very depleted in REE (BIR-1, UB-N and DTS-2). Data were acquired by quadrupole ICP-MS after isolation of the REE using an ion-exchange chromatography procedure. All the measured REE abundances were similar within 5% (10% for the most REE-depleted sample DTS-2) to the high-quality measurements previously published in the literature. We also show that by using an internal Tm spike, the reproducibility of the data was improved to 1%.Applying this technique to the analysis of ultradepleted rock samples (sub ng g-1), we show that significant improvements were obtained relative to the routine trace element measurement method. The chondrite-normalised patterns were smooth instead of displaying irregularities. Although the classical method gives excellent results on REE-rich samples, we believe that our technique improves the precision and accuracy of measurements for highly REE-depleted rocks.; Cette étude présente des données de terres rares (REE) précises, mesurées sur huit matériaux géologiques de référence, cinq enrichis en terres rares (BE-N, BHVO-2, BR, BR-24 et RGM-1) et trois très appauvris en REE (BIR-1, UB-N et DTS-2). Les données ont été acquises par ICP-MS quadripolaire après isolement des terres rares par l’utilisation d’une procédure chromatographie échangeuse d’ions. Toutes les abondances mesurées de terres rares ont été similaires, à environ 5% près (10% pour l’échantillon le plus appauvri en REE, DTS-2), aux mesures de haute qualité issues de la littérature.Nous montrons également que l’utilisation d’un ajout («spike») interne de Tm a permit d’améliorer la reproductibilité des données d’environ 1%. Enappliquant cette technique à l’analyse d’échantillons de roches ultra-appauvris (au niveau du ng g-1), nous montrons que des améliorations significatives ont été obtenues par rapport à la méthode de routine de mesure des éléments traces. Les spectres normalisés aux chondrites sont lisses au lieu d’afficher des irrégularités. Bien que la méthode classique donne d’excellents résultats pour des échantillons riches en terres rares, nous croyons que notre technique améliore la précision et l’exactitude des mesures pour les roches très appauvris en terres rares.

Published
2011

20. Comprehensive Chemical and Isotopic Analyses of Basalt and Sediment Reference Materials

Author

Catherine Chauvel, Sarah Bureau, Christèle Poggi, Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-05-BLAN-0019,UD ANTILLES,Usine de différenciation des Antilles(2005)

Subjects
geochemical reference materials, Basalt, multiple collector ICP-MS, sedimentary geochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mc icp ms, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, major elements, Trace element, trace elements, Sediment, Mineralogy, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, isotope ratios, Reference database, quadrupole ICP-MS, TIMS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Geochemical studies of geological samples require the precise determination of their major and trace element contents and, when measured, of their isotopic compositions. It is now commonly accepted that the accuracy and precision of geochemical analyses are best estimated by the concomitant analysis of international reference materials run as unknown samples. Although the composition of a wide selection of basalts is relatively well constrained, this is far from being the case for sedimentary materials. We present here a comprehensive set of major and trace element data as well as Nd, Hf, Sr and Pb isotopic compositions for thirteen commonly used international reference materials - eight magmatic rocks (BHVO-2, BR, BE-N, BR 24, AGV-1, BIR-1, UB-N, RGM-1) and five sediments (JLk-1, JSd-1, JSd-2, JSd-3, LKSD-1). We determined the concentrations of over forty elements in the magmatic rocks together with Sr, Nd, Hf and Pb isotopic compositions. Our trace element results were both accurate (difference ≤ 3%) and precise (reproducibility at 1s ≤ 3%) and the isotopic results were very similar to other published values. In contrast, we observed a significant chemical and isotopic variability in the sedimentary materials, which we attribute to mineral heterogeneities in the powders. Despite the limitation imposed by this heterogeneity, our work presents a complete set of data determined with a precision not yet achieved in the literature for sedimentary material. We also provide the first Nd, Hf and Pb isotopic measurements for the five sediments, which are commonly used by the geochemical community. Our study of both basalt and sediment reference materials represents a comprehensive and self-consistent set of geochemical data and can therefore be considered as a reference database for the community. Les études géochimiques des échantillons géologiques exigent la détermination précise de leurs teneurs en éléments majeurs et traces et, lorsqu'elle est mesurée, de leurs compositions isotopiques. Il est maintenant communément admis que l'exactitude et la précision des analyses géochimiques sont les mieux estimées par l'analyse simultanée, comme échantillons inconnus, de matériaux de référence internationaux. La composition d'une large sélection de basaltes est relativement bien contrainte, ce qui est loin d'être le cas pour les matériaux sédimentaires. Nous présentons ici un jeu complet de données d'éléments majeurs et traces ainsi que les compositions isotopiques du Nd, de l'Hf, du Sr et du Pb pour treize matériaux de référence internationaux couramment utilisés - huit roches magmatiques (BHVO-2, BR, BE-N, BR 24, AGV-1, BIR-1, UB-N, RGM-1) et cinq sédiments (JLk-1, JSD-1, JSD-2, JSD-3, LKSD-1). Nous avons déterminé les concentrations de plus de quarante éléments dans les roches magmatiques ainsi que leurs compositions isotopiques du Sr, du Nd, de l'Hf et du Pb. Nos résultats pour les éléments traces sont à la fois précis (différence ≤ 3%) et justes (reproducibilitéà 1s ≤ 3%) et les résultats isotopiques sont très similaires aux autres valeurs publiées. En revanche, nous avons observé une variabilité chimique et isotopique significative pour les matériaux sédimentaires, que nous attribuons à la présence d'hétérogénéités minérales au sein des poudres. Malgré les limitations imposées par ces hétérogénéités, notre travail présente un jeu complet de données déterminé avec une précision encore jamais atteinte dans la littérature pour des matériaux sédimentaires. Nous fournissons également les premières mesures isotopiques du Nd, de l'Hf et du Pb pour les cinq sédiments, qui sont couramment utilisées par la communauté géochimique. Notre étude à la fois de basaltes et de sédiments de référence représente un ensemble complet et auto-cohérent de données géochimiques qui peut donc être considéré comme une base de données de référence pour la communauté.

Published
2010

21. A direct evidence for high carbon dioxide and radon-222 discharge in Central Nepal

Author

Prithvi Shrestha, Patrick Richon, Svetlana Byrdina, Bharat Prasad Koirala, Umesh Gautam, Frédéric Perrier, Dilli Ram Tiwari, Sudhir Rajaure, André Revil, Soma Nath Sapkota, Laurent Bollinger, Simon Contraires, Christian France-Lanord, Sarah Bureau, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Seismic Centre, Nepal, Department of Mines and Geology, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Department of Geophysics [Golden CO], Colorado School of Mines, Financial support of Centre de recherches IPGP Schlumberger Total sur le stockage géologique du CO2. IPGP contribution number 2458, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, active tectonics, Alkalinity, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Radon, radon-222, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, carbon budget, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Compounds of carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Hot spring, carbon dioxide, 15. Life on land, gas flux, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, geothermal system, thrust fault, Carbon dioxide, Soil water, Carbon, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Gas discharges have been identified at the Syabru–Bensi hot springs, located at the front of the High Himalaya in Central Nepal, in the Main Central Thrust zone. The hot spring waters are characterized by a temperature reaching 61 °C, high salinity, high alkalinity and δ13C varying from + 0.7‰ to + 4.8‰. The gas is mainly dry carbon dioxide, with a δ13C of − 0.8‰. The diffuse carbon dioxide flux, mapped by the accumulation chamber method, reached a value of 19 000 g m− 2day− 1, which is comparable with values measured on active volcanoes. Similar values have been observed over a two-year time interval and the integral around the main gas discharge amounts to 0.25 ± 0.07 mol s− 1, or 350 ± 100 ton a− 1. The mean radon-222 concentration in spring water did not exceed 2.5 Bq L− 1, exponentially decreasing with water temperature. In contrast, in gas bubbles collected in the water or in the dry gas discharges, the radon concentration varied from 16 000 to 41 000 Bq m− 3. In the soil, radon concentration varied from 25 000 to more than 50 000 Bq m− 3. Radon flux, measured at more than fifty points, reached extreme values, larger than 2 Bq m− 2s− 1, correlated to the larger values of the carbon dioxide flux. Our direct observation confirms previous studies which indicated large degassing in the Himalaya. The proposed understanding is that carbon dioxide is released at mid-crustal depth by metamorphic reactions within the Indian basement, transported along pre-existing faults by meteoric hot water circulation, and degassed before reaching surface. This work, first, confirms that further studies should be undertaken to better constrain the carbon budget of the Himalaya, and, more generally, the contribution of mountain building to the global carbon balance. Furthermore, the evidenced gas discharges provide a unique natural laboratory for methodological studies, and appear particularly important to study as a function of time, especially in relation to the seismic activity. For this purpose, the observed high radon-222 flux is a particularly interesting asset. Indeed, while the relationship between radon and carbon dioxide needs to be better understood, radon measurements, using the available radon sensors, constitute a powerful tool for robust and cost effective long term monitoring.

Published
2009

22. Weathering rates from top to bottom in a carbonate environment

Author

Sarah Bureau, Eric Pili, Bernard Bourdon, Amélie Hubert, and Morten B. Andersen

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mineralogy, Geology, Aquifer, Weathering, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil water, Vadose zone, Carbonate rock, Carbonate, Leaching (agriculture), Groundwater
Abstract

This study investigates U-series, Sr isotopes, major and trace elements in a chalk aquifer system located in Eastern France. Soil and rock samples were collected along depth profiles down to 45 m in four localities as an attempt to investigate the weathering processes in the soil, the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone of the aquifer. Interstitial water was extracted from soils and rocks by a centrifugation technique. U-series offer a powerful tool to calculate weathering rates because the relative mobility of the U- and Th-isotopes can be precisely measured and it does not require the determination of a reference state as in other approaches. As expected, the data show very large mobile element depletion in the soil with large 230Th excess relative to 238U, while the rocks show more limited but not insignificant mobile element depletion. The U-series data have been used to constrain weathering rates based on a 1-D reactive transport model. Weathering rates in the near surface are about 10–100 times faster than at depth. However, when integrated over the depth of the cores, including the unsaturated and the saturated zones, this underground weathering represents more than 30% of the total weathering flux, assuming congruent dissolution of carbonates. The (234U/238U) ratios in interstitial water are consistent with solid samples showing 234U depletion near the surface and an excess 234U at depth. A leaching experiment performed on chalk shows that the excess 234U in natural waters percolating through carbonate rocks results both from preferential 234U leaching and direct recoil in the interstitial water. A new approach was used to derive the recoil ejection factor based on BET measurements and the fractal dimension of chalk surface. Consideration of preferential leaching and recoil allows a more accurate modeling of weathering rates.

Published
2009

23. Gonadal transcriptome analysis of wild contaminated female European eels during artificial gonad maturation

Author

Louis Bernatchez, P. Lambert, Fabien Pierron, Sarah Bureau du Colombier, Pierre Labadie, Hélène Budzinski, Lucie Baillon, Antoine Caron, Magalie Baudrimont, Sylvie Dufour, Jennifer Oses, Eric Normandeau, Patrice Couture, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (µVIS X-ray Imaging Centre), University of Southampton, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - Equipes du Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)

Subjects
endocrine system, Sex Differentiation, Environmental Engineering, Gonad, animal structures, Somatic cell, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, Zoology, Biology, Transcriptome, Critically endangered, Metals, Heavy, medicine, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Sexual Maturation, 14. Life underwater, education, Gametogenesis, education.field_of_study, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated, Ecology, Gene Expression Profiling, Reproduction, Endangered Species, Ovary, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Anguilla, Pollution, Gonadosomatic Index, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Body Burden, Female, Development of the gonads, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Since the early 1980s, the population of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) has dramatically declined. Nowadays, the European eel is listed on the red list of threatened species (IUCN Red List) and is considered as critically endangered of extinction. Pollution is one of the putative causes for the collapse of this species. Among their possible effects, contaminants gradually accumulated in eels during their somatic growth phase (yellow eel stage) would be remobilized during their reproductive migration leading to potential toxic events in gonads. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic contaminants on the gonad development of wild female silver eels. Female silver eels from two sites with differing contamination levels were artificially matured. Transcriptomic analyses by means of a 1000 candidate gene cDNA microarray were performed on gonads after 11 weeks of maturation to get insight into the mechanisms of toxicity of contaminants. The transcription levels of several genes, that were associated to the gonadosomatic index (GSI), were involved in mitotic cell division but also in gametogenesis. Genes associated to contaminants were mainly involved in the mechanisms of protection against oxidative stress, in DNA repair, in the purinergic signaling pathway and in steroidogenesis, suggesting an impairment of gonad development in eels from the polluted site. This was in agreement with the fact that eels from the reference site showed a higher gonad growth in comparison to contaminated fish.

Published
2015

24. Ultrasonography as a non-invasive tool for sex determination and maturation monitoring in silver eels

Author

Sarah Bureau du Colombier, Charline Gesset, Pierre Elie, Louis Jacobs, Patrick Lambert, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Gonad, animal structures, Zoology, Ovary, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, 14. Life underwater, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Non invasive, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Individual level, Silver eel, biology.organism_classification, Gonadosomatic Index, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ultrasonography, business
Abstract

International audience; In the context of the severe decrease in temperate eel abundance, understanding and control of eel maturation has strong interest for scientific and commercial purposes. Possible use of ultrasonography for improvement of sex determination and maturation monitoring in silver eel was investigated. Gonads of 96 Anguilla anguilla silver eels were observed using portable equipment associated to a 6-15MHz probe, and sex determination was tried before artificial induction of maturation. To estimate gonad mass and monitor individual gonadosomatic index (GSI) in females, cross-sectional images were captured at different times of maturation and gonad length was measured at scanning. Two methods were tried for ovary mass estimation using ultrasonography: one based on a linear model and another on calculating ovary volume from a representation of gonad shape. Ultrasonography resulted in 100% success in sex determination. Ovary mass estimated by ultrasonography was strongly correlated to true ovary mass (R2=0.97). The use of a linear model for gonad mass and then GSI estimation seemed more appropriate than the use of a representation of gonad shape. Evolution of GSI estimates during maturation supports possible detection of early inter-individual differences in maturation using ultrasonography in female silver eels. This non-invasive tool can then obviously be exploited to improve sex determination in silver eels caught in the wild and to monitor maturation at the individual level. Ultrasonography thus has great potential for use in eel both for conservation and aquaculture. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of ultrasonography on eels or any anguillid species.

Published
2015

25. Gonadal transcriptome analysis of wild contaminated female European eels during artificial gonad maturation

Author

Baillon, Lucie, Bernatchez, Louis, Oses, Jennifer, Normandeau, Éric, Pierron, Fabien, Du Colombier, Sarah Bureau, Caron, Antoine, Lambert, Patrick, Couture, Patrice, Labadie, Pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Dufour, Sylvie, Baudrimont, Magalie, Baillon, Lucie, Bernatchez, Louis, Oses, Jennifer, Normandeau, Éric, Pierron, Fabien, Du Colombier, Sarah Bureau, Caron, Antoine, Lambert, Patrick, Couture, Patrice, Labadie, Pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Dufour, Sylvie, and Baudrimont, Magalie

Abstract

Since the early 1980s, the population of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) has dramatically declined. Nowadays, the European eel is listed on the red list of threatened species (IUCN Red List) and is considered as critically endangered of extinction. Pollution is one of the putative causes for the collapse of this species. Among their possible effects, contaminants gradually accumulated in eels during their somatic growth phase (yellow eel stage) would be remobilized during their reproductive migration leading to potential toxic events in gonads. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic contaminants on the gonad development of wild female silver eels. Female silver eels from two sites with differing contamination levels were artificially matured. Transcriptomic analyses by means of a 1000 candidate gene cDNA microarray were performed on gonads after 11weeks of maturation to get insight into the mechanisms of toxicity of contaminants. The transcription levels of several genes, that were associated to the gonadosomatic index (GSI), were involved in mitotic cell division but also in gametogenesis. Genes associated to contaminants were mainly involved in the mechanisms of protection against oxidative stress, in DNA repair, in the purinergic signaling pathway and in steroidogenesis, suggesting an impairment of gonad development in eels from the polluted site. This was in agreement with the fact that eels from the reference site showed a higher gonad growth in comparison to contaminated fish., Keywords: Anguilla anguilla Silver stage Contamination Gonad development Transcriptomic

Published
2016

26. Foliar exposure of the crop Lactuca sativa to silver nanoparticles: Evidence for internalization and changes in Ag speciation

Author

Laurent Ouerdane, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Marie Carrière, Sarah Bureau, Véronique Barthes, Sophie Sobanska, Camille Larue, Lauric Cécillon, Géraldine Sarret, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille, Laboratoire des Technologies des Traceurs (L2T), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques (LAN), Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique (SCIB - UMR E3), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Silver, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Cuticle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lactuca, Ecotoxicology, Silver nanoparticle, Biodistribution, Biotransformation, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Ag nanoparticles, Chemistry, food and beverages, Lettuce, Pesticide, Plants, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, micro-XAS, Plant Leaves, Speciation, Environmental chemistry, Nanoparticles, Phytotoxicity, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, ToF-SIMS
Abstract

International audience; The impact of engineered nanomaterials on plants, which act as a major point of entry of contaminants into trophic chains, is little documented. The foliar pathway is even less known than the soil-root pathway. However, significant inputs of nanoparticles (NPs) on plant foliage may be expected due to deposition of atmospheric particles or application of NP-containing pesticides. The uptake of Ag-NPs in the crop species Lactuca sativa after foliar exposure and their possible biotransformation and phytotoxic effects were studied. In addition to chemical analyses and ecotoxicological tests, micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and electron microscopy were used to localize and determine the speciation of Ag at sub-micrometer resolution. Although no sign of phytotoxicity was observed, Ag was effectively trapped on lettuce leaves and a thorough washing did not decrease Ag content significantly. We provide first evidence for the entrapment of Ag-NPs by the cuticle and penetration in the leaf tissue through stomata, for the diffusion of Ag in leaf tissues, and oxidation of Ag-NPs and complexation of Ag(+) by thiol-containing molecules. Such type of information is crucial for better assessing the risk associated to Ag-NP containing products.

Published
2014

27. Constraints from loess on the Hf–Nd isotopic composition of the upper continental crust

Author

Bor-ming Jahn, Zhongli Ding, Sarah Bureau, Catherine Chauvel, Adeline Besnault, Marion Garçon, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)

Subjects
upper continental crust, Radiogenic nuclide, Isotope, Continental crust, Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios, Trace element, Geochemistry, Mantle (geology), Isotopic composition, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Loess, Nd and Hf isotopes, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, Zircon
Abstract

Knowledge of the average composition of the upper continental crust is crucial to establish not only how it formed but also when. While well constrained averages have been suggested for its major and trace element composition, no values exist for its Nd and Hf isotopic compositions even though radiogenic isotopic systems provide valuable information on its average model age. Here we present Nd and Hf isotopic data determined on a large number of loess deposits from several continents. We demonstrate that these deposits have very uniform Nd and Hf isotopic compositions. We obtain an average Nd isotopic composition that is similar to previous estimates for the upper continental crust ( e Nd = − 10.3 ± 1.2 ( 1 σ ) ) and we establish a new Hf average value at e Hf = − 13.2 ± 2 ( 1 σ ) . This average falls on the “Terrestrial Array”, demonstrating that the two parent–daughter ratios are not decoupled during crust formation. Trace element data acquired on the same set of samples allow us to calculate an average 147Sm/144Nd ratio for the upper continental crust: 0.1193 ± 0.0026 , a value slightly higher than previous estimates. Based on the relationship between Sm/Nd and Nd isotopes, we estimate the average Nd extraction age of upper continental crust from the depleted mantle at T DM ( Nd ) = 1.82 ± 0.07 Ga . This model age is entirely consistent with previous suggestions made for example by Goldstein et al. (1984) . Assuming that for each individual sample, the Hf model age cannot be younger than the Nd model age, our new Nd–Hf isotopic data provide a value for the very poorly known 176Lu/177Hf ratio of the upper crust. Our estimate is 176Lu/177Hf = 0.0125 ± 0.0018, a value significantly lower than commonly used values (0.0150–0.0159; Griffin et al., 2002 , Goodge and Vervoort, 2006 , Hawkesworth et al., 2010 ) but higher than Rudnick and Gaoʼs (2003) estimate of 0.0083. The impact of our new 176Lu/177Hf ratio on crustal model ages of zircon populations is not simple to evaluate but the Hf model ages calculated with this new Lu/Hf ratio could be younger by up to 500 Ma.

Published
2014

28. Abnormal ovarian DNA methylation programming during gonad maturation in wild contaminated fish

Author

Sarah Bureau du Colombier, Fabien Pierron, Pierre Elie, Sylvie Dufour, P. Lambert, Magalie Baudrimont, Hélène Budzinski, Pierre Labadie, Audrey Moffett, Guillemine Daffe, Antoine Caron, Laurent Peluhet, Patrice Couture, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment (µVIS X-ray Imaging Centre), University of Southampton, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - Equipes du Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Gonad, Ecotoxicology, Epigenesis, Genetic, Aromatase, Transcription (biology), Internal medicine, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Epigenetics, Organic Chemicals, Gene, biology, Ovary, General Chemistry, DNA Methylation, Anguilla, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, Hormone receptor, DNA methylation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, biology.protein, Receptors, FSH, Female, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; There is increasing evidence that pollutants may cause diseases via epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation participate in the regulation of gene transcription. Surprisingly, epigenetics research is still limited in ecotoxicology. In this study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to contaminants experienced by wild female fish (Anguilla anguilla) throughout their juvenile phase can affect the DNA methylation status of their oocytes during gonad maturation. Thus, fish were sampled in two locations presenting a low or a high contamination level. Then, fish were transferred to the laboratory and artificially matured. Before hormonal treatment, the DNA methylation levels of the genes encoding for the aromatase and the receptor of the follicle stimulating hormone were higher in contaminated fish than in fish from the clean site. For the hormone receptor, this hypermethylation was positively correlated with the contamination level of fish and was associated with a decrease in its transcription level. In addition, whereas gonad growth was associated with an increase in DNA methylation in fish from the clean site, no changes were observed in contaminated fish in response to hormonal treatment. Finally, a higher gonad growth was observed in fish from the reference site in comparison to contaminated fish.

Published
2014

29. Gonadal transcriptome analysis of wild contaminated female European eels during artificial gonad maturation

Author

Baillon, Lucie, Oses, Jennifer, Pierron, Fabien, Du Colombier, Sarah Bureau, Caron, Antoine, Normandeau, Éric, Lambert, Patrick, Couture, Patrice, Labadie, Pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Dufour, Sylvie, Bernatchez, Louis, Baudrimont, Magalie, Baillon, Lucie, Oses, Jennifer, Pierron, Fabien, Du Colombier, Sarah Bureau, Caron, Antoine, Normandeau, Éric, Lambert, Patrick, Couture, Patrice, Labadie, Pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Dufour, Sylvie, Bernatchez, Louis, and Baudrimont, Magalie

Abstract

Since the early 1980s, the population of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) has dramatically declined. Nowadays, the European eel is listed on the red list of threatened species (IUCN Red List) and is considered as critically endangered of extinction. Pollution is one of the putative causes for the collapse of this species. Among their possible effects, contaminants gradually accumulated in eels during their somatic growth phase (yellow eel stage) would be remobilized during their reproductive migration leading to potential toxic events in gonads. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic contaminants on the gonad development of wild female silver eels. Female silver eels from two sites with differing contamination levels were artificially matured. Transcriptomic analyses by means of a 1000 candidate gene cDNA microarray were performed on gonads after 11 weeks of maturation to get insight into the mechanisms of toxicity of contaminants. The transcription levels of several genes, that were associated to the gonadosomatic index (GSI), were involved in mitotic cell division but also in gametogenesis. Genes associated to contaminants were mainly involved in the mechanisms of protection against oxidative stress, in DNA repair, in the purinergic signaling pathway and in steroidogenesis, suggesting an impairment of gonad development in eels from the polluted site. This was in agreement with the fact that eels from the reference site showed a higher gonad growth in comparison to contaminated fish., Keywords: Anguilla anguilla Silver stage Contamination Gonad development Transcriptomic

Published
2015

30. Tracing the Oligocene-Miocene Evolution of the Western Alps Drainage Divide with Pebble Petrology, Geochemistry, and Raman Spectroscopy of Foreland Basin Deposits

Author

Catherine Chauvel, Sébastien Jourdan, Sarah Bureau, Stéphane Schwartz, Matthias Bernet, Thierry Dumont, Gilles Montagnac, Pierre Tricart, Stéphane Guillot, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tectonique reliefs et bassins, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Agence Nationale de la Recherche ERD-ALPS (Erosion and Relief Development in the Western Alps) grant, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental collision, Metamorphic rock, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, SWISS MOLASSE BASIN, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, EUROPEAN ALPS, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, SOUTHWESTERN ALPS, SEDIMENT PROVENANCE, Foreland basin, STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Massif, Thermochronology, BARREME BASIN, Radiolarite, 13. Climate action, Clastic rock, SERPENTINE MINERALS, CONTINENTAL-SUBDUCTION, QUEYRAS SCHISTES LUSTRES
Abstract

International audience; The formation of the western Alps topography is the result of continental collision between the Apulian and European plates. In this study, we trace the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene development of topography and the position of the drainage divide in the southern western Alps by analyzing the erosion products preserved in the pro-side (Montmaur and Barreme) and retro-side (Torino hills) foreland basins of this orogen. Using petrologic and geochemical analyses of basalt pebbles and Raman spectroscopy of serpentine sand grains and pebbles, we identify source lithologies, which are not easily detected with more commonly used detrital thermochronology. Lower Oligocene sediments of the pro-side foreland basin contain numerous basalt pebbles that share strong geochemical similarities with the Chenaillet obducted ophiolite (Montgenevre massif). Other ophiolite-suite derived clasts, e. g., radiolarite or serpentinite appear widely in pro-and retro-side foreland sediments since about 30 Ma. This suggests a wider distribution of Chenaillet-type obducted ophiolite rocks in the western Alps during the Oligocene, but the exact locations, except for the Chenaillet, are unknown. Raman analysis on serpentine grains and pebbles from the retro-side foreland basin deposits documents a systematic trend from antigorite (high-grade metamorphic source rocks) to lizardite (low-grade metamorphic source rock) from the Early Oligocene to the Early Miocene. This trend is attributed to a westward growth of the paleo-Dora Riparia drainage basin in the southern western Alps. Ophiolite erosion and drainage divide shift were caused by the topographic evolution of the western Alps, which we suggest to be linked to the shift in convergence direction between the Apulian and Eurasian plates from N-S to E-W and the presence of the so-called Ivrea body mantle splinter acting as a vertical indenter beneath the western Alps at that time. The drainage patterns of the paleo-Durance and paleo-Doria Riparia Rivers seem to have remained stable since the Early Miocene. In comparison to the central Alps, the drainage divide shift in the southern western Alps occurred earlier than in the central Alps, but in both locations the trend from an internal to a more external position is the same.

Published
2012

31. Origin, mobility, and temporal evolution of arsenic from a low-contamination catchment in Alpine crystalline rocks

Author

Sarah Bureau, Delphine Tisserand, and Eric Pili

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Time Factors, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Iron, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Sulfides, Arsenic, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rivers, Water Supply, Vadose zone, Sulfur Isotopes, Water Movements, Environmental Chemistry, Sulfate, Waste Management and Disposal, Dissolution, Groundwater, Geography, Sulfates, Water, Groundwater recharge, Pollution, Trace Elements, Arsenic contamination of groundwater, Europe, Oxygen, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, engineering, Pyrite, France, Oxidation-Reduction, Sulfur, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The reduction to 10 μg/l of the limit for arsenic in drinking water led many resource managers to deal with expensive treatments. In the very common case of arsenic levels close to the recommended maximum concentration, knowing the origin and temporal evolution of As has become of great importance. Here we present a case study from an alpine basin. Arsenic speciation, isotopic compositions of pyrite, sulfate and water, and concentrations of major and trace elements demonstrate a geogenic source for arsenic linked to the dissolution of pyrite. We provide new tools to further study As at low concentrations where many processes may be masked. The observed negative correlation between δ(34)SSO4 and [As] is interpreted as a Rayleigh-type sulfur-isotope fractionation during increasing pyrite dissolution. The observed positive correlation between δ(18)OSO4 and As(V)/As(III) could help to retrieve initial redox conditions. A 3-year long monitoring at high-resolution demonstrated that drought conditions enhance pyrite dissolution whose degradation products are scavenged by recharge water. An increase in As in groundwater may result from droughts due to enhanced oxygen entry in the unsaturated zone. The 2003 European heatwave had a major effect.

Published
2011

32. Chapter 16 Reactive Transport and Residence Times in Unsaturated Fractured Rocks from Field-Scale Experiments

Author

Pierre M. Adler, Delphine Patriarche, Laurent Charlet, Sarah Bureau, Frédéric Perrier, Patrick Richon, and Eric Pili

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, Bedrock, Mineralogy, Transit time, Fracture flow, Chloride, Dilution, Volumetric flow rate, Vadose zone, medicine, Saturation (chemistry), medicine.drug
Abstract

Reactive transport mechanisms and transit times in unsaturated fractured crystalline rocks have been determined from field-scale observations using high-resolution monitoring over a three-year period. In the Roselend natural laboratory (French Alps), a tunnel provided access to the heart of the fractured-rock unsaturated zone, at 55 m depth, where two sampling sites provided access to dripwater samples from zones with contrasting contributions from matrix and fracture flow. Solute concentrations and fluid fluxes were determined, taking advantage of two events during which water with elevated concentrations of chloride (Cl) and other solutes infiltrated into the fractured medium. In one event, approximately 500,000 l of water with high NaCl concentrations flooded an area of 10–100 m 2 above the sampling sites in the tunnel. The other event involved sampling after a Cl-rich rainfall event, which is unusual at this location. Elevated Na concentrations from the NaCl spill triggered cation exchange reactions, which apparently occurred mainly in the soil above the bedrock, releasing Ca, Mg, and K. Concentrations of Cl and the exchanged cations during transport through the fractured rock were controlled primarily by dilution, although Na–Mg exchange occurred to a limited extent. Chloride concentrations significantly above background were observed one day after the beginning of the NaCl spill. Average travel times estimated from moment calculations of breakthrough curves from the two events ranged from 25 to 100 days at the sampling site dominated by flow through major fractures and 200–300 days at the site dominated by matrix or sub-order fracture flow. Comparison with results of flow-model simulations conducted using reconstructed fracture networks indicated that rapid flow occurs at near-saturation conditions in the fractures and that slower flow rates occurred at lower degrees of saturation. Thus, it is important to consider both variable saturation and fracture versus matrix flow in order to understand fluid fluxes and reactive transport in unsaturated, fractured media. This study illustrates how long-term, high-resolution monitoring of solute concentrations and fluid fluxes can provide valuable insight into flow and transport in these complex systems.

Published
2007

33. Abnormal Ovarian DNA Methylation Programming during Gonad Maturation in Wild Contaminated Fish.

Author

Pierron, Fabien, du Colombier, Sarah Bureau, Moffett, Audrey, Caron, Antoine, Peluhet, Laurent, Daffe, Guillemine, Lambert, Patrick, Elie, Pierre, Labadie, Pierre, Budzinski, Hélène, Dufour, Sylvie, Couture, Patrice, and Baudrimont, Magalie

Subjects
*DNA methylation, *GONADS, *DEVELOPMENTAL biology, *FISH research, *GENETIC transcription
Abstract

There is increasing evidence that pollutants may cause diseases via epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation participate in the regulation of gene transcription. Surprisingly, epigenetics research is still limited in ecotoxicology. In this study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to contaminants experienced by wild female fish (Anguilla anguilla) throughout their juvenile phase can affect the DNA methylation status of their oocytes during gonad maturation. Thus, fish were sampled in two locations presenting a low or a high contamination level. Then, fish were transferred to the laboratory and artificially matured. Before hormonal treatment, the DNA methylation levels of the genes encoding for the aromatase and the receptor of the follicle stimulating hormone were higher in contaminated fish than in fish from the clean site. For the hormone receptor, this hypermethylation was positively correlated with the contamination level of fish and was associated with a decrease in its transcription level. In addition, whereas gonad growth was associated with an increase in DNA methylation in fish from the clean site, no changes were observed in contaminated fish in response to hormonal treatment. Finally, a higher gonad growth was observed in fish from the reference site in comparison to contaminated fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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