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Abstract Background Between 2014 and 2015 a second National Food Consumption Survey was conducted in Belgium in order to evaluate the habitual food consumption in the general Belgian population and to compare it with food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and results of the 2004 Food Consumption Survey. Methods A representative sample of the Belgian population was randomly selected from the National Population Register following a multistage stratified sampling procedure. Information on dietary intake was collected from 3146 subjects between 3 and 64 year old through two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls using GloboDiet®. In addition, a self-administered food frequency questionnaire was completed. The distribution of habitual food consumptions and proportion of persons who did not meet the recommendations were estimated with SPADE. Results For most of food groups analysed, the habitual consumption did not comply with FBDG. The consumption of nutrient-poor and energy-dense foods (e.g. alcohol, soft drinks and snacks) was excessive (35% of total energy intake), while the consumption of most other food groups was below the minimum recommended. A large majority of the population had an inadequate consumption of dairy products (98%), vegetables (95%), fruit (91%), potatoes, rice and pasta (88%) bread and cereals (83%) and water and sugar-free drinks (73%). Males had higher consumption of most food groups than females, thereby complying more often with FBDG. For all food groups, except dairy products and fruit, the consumption increased with age. The proportion of individuals meeting FBDG was the highest among young children (3-5 years) and the worst among adolescents aged 14-17 years old. Habitual consumption remained stable between 2004 and 2014 in the population aged 15-64 years old for all food groups except for increased consumption of water and sugar-free drinks (1180 to 1289 g/d) and decreased consumption of spreadable and cooking fat (27 to 19 g/d), red meat (34 to 25 g/d) and bread and cereals (173 to 142 g/d). Conclusions The habitual food consumption of the Belgian population (3-64 years) in 2014-2015 deviates largely from FBDG, particularly among adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years old. Few improvements were observed between 2004 and 2014 in the population between 15 and 64 years old. Further efforts are therefore necessary to improve dietary habits in Belgium, in order to prevent and reduce diet-related diseases.

Abstract Background There is strong evidence to indicate that regular moderate intensity physical activity is associated with health benefits. Furthermore, sedentary behavior has been related with an increased risk for all-cause mortality. The accurate measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior is therefore vital to evaluate their health impact and provide evidence for the development of public health recommendations. This paper describes the methodology used for assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior in the Belgian population in the context of the Belgian National Food Consumption Survey 2014 (BNFCS2014). Results Data about physical activity and sedentary behavior were collected as part of the cross-sectional BNFCS2014 between February 2014 and May 2015. A nationally-representative sample of children (3–9 years) and adolescents (10–17 years) were asked to wear an accelerometer (Actigraph® GT3X) during their waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Data were recorded in 15-second epochs and respondents with at least 2 valid week days (i.e., 10 h of wear-time) and 1 valid week-end day (i.e., 8 h of wear-time) were retained for the analyses. The Evenson cut points were used to assess the time spent in each physical activity intensity level: sedentary, low, moderate and vigorous. Complementary, diaries were provided to register the activities performed when the accelerometer was removed; these activities were added to the measures provided by the accelerometers. In addition, age-specific self-reported questionnaires (ToyBox and FPAQ) were completed to provide contextual information about the type of activities performed. Due to financial constraints, physical activity in adults (18–64 years) was assessed and described through the self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ long version) only. Conclusion Data were collected in the context of the BNFCS2014 to provide a comprehensive picture of the physical activity and sedentary behavior in the Belgian population, with a special focus on children (3–9 years) and adolescents (10–17 years). Levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior can be compared to international guidelines and analyzed according to several background variables, such as age, gender, Body Mass Index, education level and region. Such results are aimed to underpin future policies in the field of physical activity.

Upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) are rare subsets of urothelial cancer, which typically present with more aggressive course. Molecular markers stratifying urothelial tumors as luminal subtype and non-luminal subtype tumors have been proposed to select patients who may have greater or lesser benefit from neoadjuvant systemic therapy in bladder cancer, though not yet evaluated in UTUC. Here, a single-institution study retrospectively obtained clinical and genomic information in patients with UTUC and evaluated four patient tumors using the Decipher Bladder® assay and Foundation Medicine® test. All four patients had non-luminal molecular subtype including basal (N = 4) and mixed basal/claudin-low (N = 2) subtypes. The best clinical response achieved was stable disease in a patient who had basal/claudin-low subtype with residual ypT3 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For the remaining three patients, all were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy for eventual metastatic disease but all three showed progressive disease with limited overall survival, highlighting their aggressive course. The non-luminal subtype and lack of FGFR alteration may partly explain the poor overall outcomes while the real-world benefit of next generation sequencing for clinical use in UTUC patients require further clarification in a larger cohort study.

Abstract Background Obstetric Bleeding Study UK (OBS UK) (award ID: 152057) is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)-funded stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention for postpartum haemorrhage. This was developed in Wales and evaluated in a feasibility study, with improvements in maternal outcomes observed. Generalisability of the findings is limited by lack of control data and limited ethnic diversity in the Welsh obstetric patient population compared to the United Kingdom (UK): 94% of the Welsh population identifies as White, versus 82% in the UK. Non-White ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation are linked to increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes. Traditionally, decisions regarding site selection are based on desire to complete trials on target in ‘tried and tested’ research active institutions. To ensure widespread applicability of the results and investigate the impact of ethnicity and social deprivation on trial outcomes, maternity units were recruited that represent the ethnic diversity and social deprivation profiles of the UK. Method Using routinely collected, publicly available data, an interactive dashboard was developed that demonstrates the demographics of the population served by each maternity unit in the UK, to inform site recruitment. Data on births per year, ethnic and socioeconomic group of the population for each maternity unit, across the UK, were integrated into the dashboard. Results The dashboard demonstrates that OBS UK trial sites reflect the ethnic and socioeconomic diversity of the UK (study vs UK population ethnicity: White 79.2% vs 81.7%, Asian 10.5% vs 9.3%, Black 4.7% vs 4.0%, Mixed 2.5% vs 2.9%, Other 3.0% vs 2.1%) with variation in site demography, size and location. Missing data varied across sites and nations and is presented. Conclusion The NIHR equality, diversity and inclusion strategy states studies must widen participation, facilitating individuals from all backgrounds to engage. The development of this novel interactive dashboard demonstrates an innovative way of achieving this. National Health Service (NHS) maternity researchers should consider using this tool to enhance diversity in research, address health disparities and improve generalisability of findings. This approach could be applied to healthcare settings beyond maternity care and across different global populations. Trial registration ISRCTN 17679951. Registered on August 30, 2023.

Background:Professional identity formation (PIF) has been demonstrated to play an important role in medical students' transition from a peripheral role into becoming a physician that bears primary responsibility for the care of their patients1,2. Multiple factors influence this development, including clinical experiences as well as sociocultural, familial, academic, moral, religious, and gender-based roles, values, beliefs, and obligations. Many of these factors can be emulated in simulations to encourage this merging of identities; the most critical of which is patient care ownership (PCO)6. This study was conducted on the 4th year medical students at the Medical College of Georgia (MCG) and compares a self-reported PCO index score amongst the various subsets. These include main vs regional campus assignment for clinical years, gender identity, ethnicity, and prior healthcare experience before medical school. Methods:For this study, we distributed a questionnaire developed by Avey et al. (2009) and adapted by Wyatt et al.11 (2023) to evaluate the feelings and opinions of medical students regarding their level of patient care ownership11,16,17. To evaluate the effects of the longitudinal simulation curriculum on PCO as measured with the survey instrument index scores, independent sample t-tests and ANOVA between different groups with a Tukey HSD multiple-comparison post-hoc were done. Groups analyzed for differences included campus, gender identity, race, ethnicity, and prior experience in the healthcare field. Results: A total of 201 students were invited to participate in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between students from main and regional campuses in PCO index scores. When comparing between gender identities of male, female, and nonbinary, there was no significant difference (p = 0.248). Comparing ethnicities did not show any significant differences (p = 0.936). Finally, there was no significant difference in PCO index scores between students in regard to their prior healthcare experiences (p = 0.155). Conclusion:This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive and intentionally-designed simulation curriculum to prompt PCO in order to facilitate PIF prior to residency, for the purpose of producing more confident and competent intern physicians2. Conflict of interest: none Treatment of human and animal subjects: not applicable

Background: Since the discovery of the perilymphatic fistula (PLF), the diagnosis and treatment remain controversial. If successfully recognized, the PLF is surgically repairable with an obliteration of the fistula site. Successful treatment has a major impact on patient’s quality of life with an improvement in their audiological and vestibular symptoms. Objective: To prospectively investigate patients’ clinical and audiological evolution with PLF suspicion after middle ear exploration and obliteration of the round and oval window. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Setting: Tertiary care center. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of patients where no PLF had been identified intraoperatively at the oval and/or at the round window, and Group II consisted of patients where a fistula had been visualized. Patient assessment was a combination of past medical history, the presence of any risk factors, cochlear and vestibular symptoms, a physical examination, temporal bone imaging, audiograms, and a videonystagmogram (VNG). Results: A total of 98 patients were divided into two groups: 62 in Group I and 36 in Group II. A statistically significant difference regarding gender was observed in Group II (83.3% of males vs. 16.7% of females, p = 0.008). A total of 14 cases (4 and 10 in Groups I and II, respectively) were operated for a recurrent PLF. Fat graft material was used in the majority of their previous surgery; however, no difference was found when comparing fat to other materials. In addition, no statistically significant difference was noted between Groups I and II concerning predisposing factors, imaging, VNG, symptom evolution, or a physical exam before the surgery and at 12 months post-operative. However, both groups showed statistically significant hearing and vestibular improvement. On the other hand, the air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) at each frequency were not statistically different between the two groups before surgery but showed statistically significant improvement at 12 months post-operatively, especially for the BC at the frequencies 250 (p = 0.02), 500 (p = 0.0008), and 1000 Hz (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Whenever you suspect a perilymphatic fistula, do not hesitate to explore middle ear and do window obliterations using a tragal perichondrium material. Our data showed that cochlear and vestibular symptoms improved whether a fistula had been identified or not.

Background: Children being considered for heart transplantation (HT) undergo structured evaluation to determine HT candidacy. Some are determined not to be candidates after evaluation, but outcomes in these patients are not well known. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients evaluated for HT at our institution (freestanding children’s hospital) between 2013 and 2022. Patients who completed HT evaluation but were determined not to be candidates were identified. Clinical characteristics, reasons for noncandidacy, and outcomes of these noncandidates were described using summary statistics. Results: During the study period, 264 patients were evaluated for HT. Of these, 75 patients (28.4%) were determined not to be candidates. The median age of noncandidates was 2.5 years. The most common diagnosis was single ventricle congenital heart disease (SV CHD) in 61.3%; cardiomyopathy was seen in 21.3%. The most common reason for noncandidacy was being too well for HT (36.7%), followed by too sick for HT (27.8%). With median follow-up duration of 3.5 years, 49.3% of patients were alive without undergoing HT; for noncandidates on the basis of being too well, 81.5% were alive without undergoing HT. Of the 36% of patients who died after determination of noncandidacy, 58.6% had SV CHD. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of children undergoing evaluation for HT are ultimately determined not to be candidates. Outcomes for noncandidates vary depending on the reason for noncandidacy. The majority of patients who died after determination of noncandidacy had SV CHD, indicating opportunities for increasing access to HT and other advanced therapies in this patient population.

Identifying the overall environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of different estate regeneration scenarios can contribute to the overall sustainability of such schemes. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is an appropriate tool for assessing holistic sustainability. To achieve resilient societies, the interests of communities should be considered in decision making. This paper proposes a method for incorporating community needs in identifying sustainability metrics for the sustainability assessment of estate regeneration schemes. A literature review in the field of sustainability assessment of buildings is conducted followed by a mixed methods empirical research. Collection of data has been through surveys, an interview, and an evaluation questionnaire. Data has been analysed through statistical and thematic analysis and triangulation of the results. The findings have consistently yielded the limitations of the scope of the current sustainability assessment methodologies, especially for lack of attention to societal impacts of regeneration. The results have justified the need for this research to employ participatory approaches for identifying a relevant set of sustainability indicators and criteria for assessing the lifetime impacts of estate regeneration schemes. Issues related to community involvement in decision making, maintenance and management, community facilities, refurbishment, and disruption have been identified as the stakeholders’ top priorities. Mental Health and Socioeconomic Values have been introduced as new criteria. The findings confirm the need for an in-depth approach towards identifying the regeneration priorities of the communities for the scope of LCSA studies. The identified list of criteria can apply to other studies of this context for an equitable approach for selecting the indicators across different criteria and for communicating the LCSA results with different stakeholders.

IntroductionClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by a predominant metabolic reprogramming triggering energy production by anaerobic glycolysis at the expense of oxydative phosphorylation. Ketogenic diet (KD), which consists of high fat and low carbohydrate intake, could bring required energy substrates to healthy cells while depriving tumor cells of glucose. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of KD on renal cancer cell tumor metabolism and growth proliferation.MethodsGrowth cell proliferation and mitochondrial metabolism of ACHN and Renca renal carcinoma cells were evaluated under ketone bodies (KB) exposure. In vivo studies were performed with mice (nude or Balb/c) receiving a xenograft of ACHN cells or Renca cells, respectively, and were then split into 2 feeding groups, fed either with standard diet or a 2:1 KD ad libitum. To test the effect of KD associated to immunotherapy, Balb/c mice were treated with anti-PDL1 mAb. Tumor growth was monitored.ResultsIn vitro, KB exposure was associated with a significant reduction of ACHN and Renca cell proliferation and viability, while increasing mitochondrial metabolism. In mice, KD was associated with tumor growth reduction and PDL-1 gene expression up-regulation. In Balb/c mice adjuvant KD was associated to a better response to anti-PDL-1 mAb treatment.ConclusionKB reduced the renal tumor cell growth proliferation and improved mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. KD also slowed down tumor growth of ACHN and Renca in vivo. We observed that PDL-1 was significantly overexpressed in tumor in mice under KD. Response to anti-PDL-1 mAb was improved in mice under KD. Further studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic benefit of adjuvant KD combined with immunotherapy in patients with kidney cancer.

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that ceramides play a significant role in the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a highly prevalent condition in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with hepatic and cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between plasma ceramide levels and NAFLD severity in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether circulating levels of ceramides in patients with type 2 diabetes are associated with liver steatosis assessed by the highly accurate magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). The secondary objective was to assess the relationship between plasma ceramides and noninvasive scores of liver fibrosis. Methods In this cross-sectional single-center study, plasma concentrations of 7 ceramides were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 255 patients with type 2 diabetes (GEPSAD cohort). Liver fat content was assessed by MRI-PDFF, and noninvasive scores of liver fibrosis (i.e. Fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, FibroTest® and Fibrotic NASH Index) were calculated. A validation cohort of 80 patients with type 2 diabetes was also studied (LIRA-NAFLD cohort). Results Liver steatosis, defined as a liver fat content > 5.56%, was found in 62.4 and 82.5% of individuals with type 2 diabetes in the GEPSAD and LIRA-NAFLD cohorts, respectively. In GEPSAD, MRI-PDFF-measured liver fat content was positively associated with plasma levels of total ceramides (r = 0.232, p = 0.0002), and 18:0, 20:0, 22:0 and 24:0 ceramides in univariate analysis (p ≤ 0.0003 for all). In multivariate analysis, liver fat content remained significantly associated with total ceramides (p = 0.001), 18:0 (p = 0.006), 22:0 (p = 0.0009) and 24:0 ceramides (p = 0.0001) in GEPSAD, independently of age, diabetes duration, body mass index and dyslipidemia. Overall, similar relationship between plasma ceramides and liver fat content was observed in the LIRA-NAFLD validation cohort. No significant association was found between plasma ceramides and noninvasive scores of fibrosis after adjustment for age in both cohorts. Conclusions Plasma ceramide levels are associated with liver steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of traditional risk factors for NAFLD. The independent association between plasma ceramides and liver steatosis adds new insights regarding the relationship between ceramides and NAFLD in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Background The greatest mortality and disability from stroke occurs in low- and middle-income countries. A significant barrier to implementation of best stroke care practices in these settings is limited availability of specialized healthcare training. We conducted a systematic review to determine the most effective methods for the provision of speciality stroke care education for hospital-based healthcare professionals in low-resource settings. Methods We followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for original clinical research articles that described or evaluated stroke care education for hospital-based healthcare professionals in low-resource settings. Two reviewers screened titles/abstracts and then full text articles. Three reviewers critically appraised the articles selected for inclusion. Results A total of 1,182 articles were identified and eight were eligible for inclusion in this review; three were randomized controlled trials, four were non-randomized studies, and one was a descriptive study. Most studies used several approaches to education. A “train-the-trainer” approach to education was found to have the most positive clinical outcomes (lower overall complications, lengths of stay in hospital, and clinical vascular events). When used for quality improvement, the “train-the-trainer” approach increased patient reception of eligible performance measures. When technology was used to provide stroke education there was an increased frequency in diagnosis of stroke and use of antithrombotic treatment, reduced door-to-needle times, and increased support for decision making in medication prescription was reported. Task-shifting workshops for non-neurologists improved knowledge of stroke and patient care. Multidimensional education demonstrated an overall care quality improvement and increased prescriptions for evidence-based therapies, although, there were no significant differences in secondary prevention efforts, stroke reoccurrence or mortality rates. Conclusions The “train the trainer” approach is likely the most effective strategy for specialist stroke education, while technology is also useful if resources are available to support its development and use. If resources are limited, basic knowledge education should be considered at a minimum and multidimensional training may not be as beneficial. Research into communities of practice, led by those in similar settings, may be helpful to develop educational initiatives with relevance to local contexts.

Plasma membrane-derived vesicles, also referred to as large extracellular vesicles (lEVs), are implicated in several pathophysiological situations, including cancer. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the effects of lEVs isolated from patients with renal cancer on the development of their tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of three types of lEVs on the growth and peritumoral environment of xenograft clear cell renal cell carcinoma in a mouse model. Xenograft cancer cells were derived from patients’ nephrectomy specimens. Three types of lEVs were obtained from pre-nephrectomy patient blood (cEV), the supernatant of primary cancer cell culture (sEV) and from blood from individuals with no medical history of cancer (iEV). Xenograft volume was measured after nine weeks of growth. Xenografts were then removed, and the expression of CD31 and Ki67 were evaluated. We also measured the expression of MMP2 and Ca9 in the native mouse kidney. lEVs from kidney cancer patients (cEV and sEV) tend to increase the size of xenografts, a factor that is related to an increase in vascularization and tumor cell proliferation. cEV also altered organs that were distant from the xenograft. These results suggest that lEVs in cancer patients are involved in both tumor growth and cancer progression.

Psoriasis is a skin disease presenting as erythematous lesions with accentuated proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, infiltration of leukocytes, and dysregulated lipid metabolism. T cells play essential roles in the disease. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are anti-inflammatory metabolites, which exert an immunosuppressive effect on healthy T cells. However, the precise mechanistic processes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on T cells in psoriasis are still unrevealed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the action of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on T cells in a psoriatic skin model produced with T cells. A coculture of psoriatic keratinocytes and polarized T cells was prepared using culture media, which was either supplemented with 10 μM EPA or left unsupplemented. Healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes were produced according to the self-assembly method. In the coculture model, EPA reduced the proportion of IL-17A–positive cells, while increasing that of FOXP3-positive cells, suggesting an increase in the polarization of regulatory T cells. In the 3D psoriatic skin model, EPA normalized the proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes and diminished the levels of IL-17A. The expression of the proteins of the signal transducer and activator of transcription was influenced following EPA supplementation with downregulation of the phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the dermis. Finally, the NFκB signaling pathway was modified in the EPA-supplemented substitutes with an increase in Fas amounts. Ultimately, our results suggest that in this psoriatic model, EPA exerts its anti-inflammatory action by decreasing the proportion of IL-17A–producing T cells.

Indigenous Kanak tourism in New Caledonia promotes the transformation of gender relationships. Tourist activity is an opportunity for women to reduce violence committed against them by men who evolve in a customary context weakened by the legacy of a colonialist system and an unsuccessful self-determination. Unlike mass tourism, indigenous Kanak tourism invites everyone (local population and tourists) to question otherness and the meaning of existence.

This paper proposes a review of driving instructor activity. Firstly, we present the most relevant characteristics of the road space environment, where driving instructors carry out their activity. We explain that this environment is dynamic, due to unpredictable changes in situation. It is also risky, due to the presence of numerous risk factors, and diverse, depending on the configuration of the roads, and finally, it is shared with other road users. Secondly, we try to identify the actual tasks of driving instructors and their characteristics during a driving session. The sharing of the road space leads them to organize their activity into two tasks. The first relates to safe management of the environment and includes the driving of the vehicle. The second concerns the driving instruction, which includes pedagogical guidance. Thirdly, we deal with the actual activity that the instructor carries out to complete his/her dual task. Two strategies emerge. The first concerns the instructor’s selection of the road zones that will be proposed to the student. The second concerns variations in the instructor’s guiding activity. We will show that these strategies reflect a formative dimension for the instructor, whose activity is personalised in accordance with the student’s level, the detection of his/her difficulties and the modification of learning situations. Finally, we conclude with a presentation of the driver instruction curriculum and the instructor’s training programme. These are accompanied by a difficulty of operationalisation by the instructor in a situation with the student.

Abstract Background Founder populations that have recently undergone important genetic bottlenecks such as French-Canadians and Ashkenazi Jews can harbor some pathogenic variants at a higher carrier rate than the general population, putting them at a higher risk for certain genetic diseases. In these populations, there can be considerable benefit to performing ethnic-based or expanded preconception carrier screening, which can help in the prevention or early diagnosis and management of some genetic diseases. Acadians are descendants of French immigrants who settled in the Atlantic Coast of Canada in the seventeenth century. Yet, the Acadian population has never been investigated for the prevalence/frequency of disease-causing genetic variants. Methods An exome sequencing panel for 312 autosomal recessive and 30 X-linked diseases was designed and specimens from 60 healthy participants were sequenced to assess carrier frequency for the targeted diseases. Results In this study, we show that a sample population of Acadians in South-East New Brunswick harbor variants for 28 autosomal recessive and 1 X-linked diseases, some of which are significantly more frequent in comparison to reference populations. Conclusion Results from this pilot study suggests a need for further investigation of genomic variation in this population and possibly implementation of targeted carrier and neonatal screening programs.

Introduction: To determine if performing 360° laser retinopexy anterior to the equator during surgery is a viable option to prevent recurrent retinal detachment following a primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: A consecutive case series of 142 patients with retinal detachment who underwent vitrectomy by a single surgeon in Mohammed VI university hospital Marrakech hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. A comparison was made between a group of consecutive patients who underwent 360° laser retinopexy and a control group of patients who did not receive the treatment (39). Patient demographic and clinical information was gathered from medical records. Both groups were analyzed and compared in terms of baseline characteristics and the risk of recurrent retinal detachment over time. Result: Prophylactic intraoperative 360° laser treatment was performed on 103 RRD cases (52 years) and compared to a control group of 39 RRD cases (56.8 years). The rate of the incidence of recurrent retinal detachment at six months after surgery was 12.6%( 13/103 eyes) in the 360° laser group and 28.2%(11/ 39 eyes) in the control group. Conclusion: Intraoperative 360° laser retinopexy performed after primary pars plana vitrectomy led to a substantial decrease in the rate of recurrent retinal detachment post-surgery.

BackgroundStroke is a major global health problem and was the second leading cause of death worldwide in 2020. However, the lack of public stroke awareness especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nepal severely hinders the effective provision of stroke care. Efficient and cost-effective strategies to raise stroke awareness in LMICs are still lacking. This study aims to (a) explore the feasibility of a social media-based stroke awareness campaign in Nepal using a cost-benefit analysis and (b) identify best practices for social media health education campaigns.MethodsWe performed a stroke awareness campaign over a period of 6 months as part of a Stroke Project in Nepal on four social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok) with organic traffic and paid advertisements. Adapted material based on the World Stroke Day Campaign and specifically created videos for TikTok were used. Performance of the campaign was analyzed with established quantitative social media metrics (impressions, reach, engagement, costs).ResultsCampaign posts were displayed 7.5 million times to users in Nepal. 2.5 million individual social media users in Nepal were exposed to the campaign on average three times, which equals 8.6% of Nepal's total population. Of those, 250,000 users actively engaged with the posts. Paid advertisement on Facebook and Instagram proved to be more effective in terms of reach and cost than organic traffic. The total campaign cost was low with a "Cost to reach 1,000 users" of 0.24 EUR and a "Cost Per Click" of 0.01 EUR.DiscussionSocial media-based campaigns using paid advertisement provide a feasible and, compared to classical mass medias, a very cost-effective approach to inform large parts of the population about stroke awareness in LMICs. Future research needs to further analyze the impact of social media campaigns on stroke knowledge.

In this study we use artificial intelligence (AI) to categorise endometrial biopsy whole slide images (WSI) from digital pathology as either "malignant", "other or benign" or "insufficient". An endometrial biopsy is a key step in diagnosis of endometrial cancer, biopsies are viewed and diagnosed by pathologists. Pathology is increasingly digitised, with slides viewed as images on screens rather than through the lens of a microscope. The availability of these images is driving automation via the application of AI. A model that classifies slides in the manner proposed would allow prioritisation of these slides for pathologist review and hence reduce time to diagnosis for patients with cancer. Previous studies using AI on endometrial biopsies have examined slightly different tasks, for example using images alongside genomic data to differentiate between cancer subtypes. We took 2909 slides with "malignant" and "other or benign" areas annotated by pathologists. A fully supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained to calculate the probability of a patch from the slide being "malignant" or "other or benign". Heatmaps of all the patches on each slide were then produced to show malignant areas. These heatmaps were used to train a slide classification model to give the final slide categorisation as either "malignant", "other or benign" or "insufficient". The final model was able to accurately classify 90% of all slides correctly and 97% of slides in the malignant class; this accuracy is good enough to allow prioritisation of pathologists' workload.

Standard of care treatment for metastatic urothelial cancer involves the use of platinum-based chemotherapy followed by maintenance immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) with a PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab based on the results of the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial. However, little or no data exists regarding the use of chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD), since such patients were typically excluded in clinical trials. We report a case of a patient with urothelial cancer who developed metastatic disease and achieved durable radiographic complete response after treatment with gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance with clearance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). This case highlights the importance of avoiding denying patients with concomitant ESRD on HD potentially life-prolonging therapy and exploring feasibility and safety of ICI in patients with ESRD on HD. In addition, current existing literature on ICI use in metastatic urothelial patients with ESRD are reviewed herein.

Introduction Perioperative therapy is standard for patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (BR-PDAC); however, an optimal neoadjuvant regimen is lacking. We assessed the efficacy of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy followed by gemcitabine-based chemoradiation as preoperative therapy. Methods Patients received 4 cycles of FOLFIRINOX, followed by 6-weekly gemcitabine with concomitant intensity-modulated radiation. The primary endpoint was the R0 resection rate. Secondary outcomes included resection rate, overall-response, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and tolerability. The trial was terminated early due to slow accrual. A Simon’s optimal two-stage phase II trial single arm design was used. The primary hypothesis of treatment efficacy was tested using a multistage group sequential inference procedure. The secondary failure time analysis endpoints were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier procedure and the Cox regression model. Results A total of 22 patients enrolled in the study, 18 (81.8%) completed neoadjuvant treatment. The bias corrected R0 rate was 55.6% (90% CI: 33.3, 68.3; P value = .16) among patients that received at least 1 cycle of FOLFIRINOX and was 80% among patients that underwent surgery. The median OS was 35.1 months. The median PFS among patients that underwent surgery was 34 months. Conclusion An R0 resection rate of 55.6% is favorable. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX followed by concomitant Gemcitabine with radiation was well-tolerated. NCT01897454

Abstract Background The undergraduate five-year MBChB programme at the University of Glasgow has a high volume of pathology teaching integrated into the course. The ability to better understand what pathology is taught and when, so as to build a picture of the types and depth of pathology topics covered across the programme stages is crucial, especially in a spiral curriculum. A novel method of curriculum mapping, known as curriculum heat mapping, was developed as a way to visualise where and when topics are taught, in an easier to understand format. Methods This method involved comparing the Glasgow curriculum to a pre-determined standard of what should be taught. In this case, The Royal College of Pathologists’ ‘Pathology Undergraduate Curriculum’ was used as a comparison of what a graduating doctor should know about pathology. Results Following the developed template, heat maps showcasing the range of pathology topics covered, and where they are covered, were developed for local use. These heat maps provided a clear visual representation of where and when topics are taught, and how they cluster. Conclusions Heat mapping is a novel low-cost, high-input method of curriculum mapping. It requires a person to input the data which can take a long time for large curricula. There are no other upfront financial costs. It can be used in any area with a curriculum and an external or internal comparator. Examples of gold standard external comparators include validated national or international curricula. Heat mapping can help integrated, spiral curriculum programmes to identify where core topics are taught throughout their course. The heat maps themselves successfully demonstrate the required information and are easy to interpret. The process of mapping, as well as the final heat map, can yield important information. This includes information about trends within the curriculum, areas for potential improvement in sessional design and a clearer understanding of the depth to which each topic is covered in each lecture. Overall, it is a viable novel method, which has been successful locally and is easily transferable to other areas such as pharmacology.

Natural environments, such as parks, woodlands and lakes, have positive impacts on health and wellbeing. Urban Green and Blue Spaces (UGBS), and the activities that take place in them, can significantly influence the health outcomes of all communities, and reduce health inequalities. Improving access and quality of UGBS needs understanding of the range of systems (e.g. planning, transport, environment, community) in which UGBS are located. UGBS offers an ideal exemplar for testing systems innovations as it reflects place-based and whole society processes, with potential to reduce non-communicable disease (NCD) risk and associated social inequalities in health. UGBS can impact multiple behavioural and environmental aetiological pathways. However, the systems which desire, design, develop, and deliver UGBS are fragmented and siloed, with ineffective mechanisms for data generation, knowledge exchange and mobilisation. Further, UGBS need to be co-designed with and by those whose health could benefit most from them, so they are appropriate, accessible, valued and used well. This paper describes a major new prevention research programme and partnership, GroundsWell, which aims to transform UGBS-related systems by improving how we plan, design, evaluate and manage UGBS so that it benefits all communities, especially those who are in poorest health. We use a broad definition of health to include physical, mental, social wellbeing and quality of life. Our objectives are to transform systems so that UGBS are planned, developed, implemented, maintained and evaluated with our communities and data systems to enhance health and reduce inequalities. GroundsWell will use interdisciplinary, problem-solving approaches to accelerate and optimise community collaborations among citizens, users, implementers, policymakers and researchers to impact research, policy, practice and active citizenship. GroundsWell will be shaped and developed in three pioneer cities (Belfast, Edinburgh, Liverpool) and their regional contexts, with embedded translational mechanisms to ensure that outputs and impact have UK-wide and international application.

Introduction Maternal sepsis remains a leading cause of death in pregnancy. Physiological adaptations to pregnancy obscure early signs of sepsis and can result in delays in recognition and treatment. Identifying biomarkers that can reliably diagnose sepsis will reduce morbidity and mortality and antibiotic overuse. We have previously identified an immune-metabolic biomarker network comprising three pathways with a >99% accuracy for detecting bacterial neonatal sepsis. In this prospective study, we will describe physiological parameters and novel biomarkers in two cohorts—healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with suspected sepsis—with the aim of mapping pathophysiological drivers and evaluating predictive biomarkers for diagnosing maternal sepsis.Methods and analysis Women aged over 18 with an ultrasound-confirmed pregnancy will be recruited to a pilot and two main study cohorts. The pilot will involve blood sample collection from 30 pregnant women undergoing an elective caesarean section. Cohort A will follow 100 healthy pregnant women throughout their pregnancy journey, with collection of blood samples from participants at routine time points in their pregnancy: week 12 ‘booking’, week 28 and during labour. Cohort B will follow 100 pregnant women who present with suspected sepsis in pregnancy or labour and will have at least two blood samples taken during their care pathway. Study blood samples will be collected during routine clinical blood sampling. Detailed medical history and physiological parameters at the time of blood sampling will be recorded, along with the results of routine biochemical tests, including C reactive protein, lactate and white blood cell count. In addition, study blood samples will be processed and analysed for transcriptomic, lipidomic and metabolomic analyses and both qualitative and functional immunophenotyping.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Wales Research Ethics Committee 2 (SPON1752-19, 30 October 2019).Trial registration number NCT05023954.

The fifth annual summer research summit organized by the Center of Excellence (COE) in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), was held on May 17, 2022. The theme of this year’s summit was ‘Academic-Community Partnerships: Change Agents for Advancing Health Equity.’ Given the ongoing pandemic, the summit was conducted virtually through digital platforms. This program was intended for both BCM and external audiences interested in advancing health equity, diversity, and inclusion in healthcare among healthcare providers and trainees, biomedical scientists, social workers, nurses, and individuals involved in talent acquisition and development, such as hiring managers (HR professionals), supervisors, college and hospital affiliate leadership and administrators, as well as diversity and inclusion excellence practitioners. We had attendees from all regions of the United States as well as from Saudi Arabia. The content in this Book of Abstracts encapsulates a summary of the research efforts by the BCM COE scholars (which includes post-baccalaureate students, medical students, clinical fellows, and junior faculty from BCM) as well as the external summit participants. The range of topics in this year’s summit was quite diverse, encompassing disparities in relation to maternal and child health (MCH), immigrant health, cancers, vaccination uptakes, and COVID-19 infections. Various solutions were ardently presented to address these disparities, including community engagement and partnerships, improvement in health literacy, and the development of novel technologies and therapeutics. With this summit, BCM continues to build on its long history of educational outreach initiatives to promote diversity in medicine by focusing on programs aimed at increasing the number of diverse and highly qualified medical professionals ready to introduce effective and innovative approaches to reduce or eliminate health disparities. These programs will improve information resources, clinical education, curricula, research, and cultural competence as they relate to minority health issues and social determinants of health. The year’s summit was a great success! Copyright © 2022 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disease characterized by a high concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This population is considered to be at high cardiovascular risk; however, disease evolution remains heterogeneous among individuals. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is currently the best predictor of incidental major cardiovascular events in primary prevention in the general population. Few studies have described the CAC score in FH populations. Methods: The objective of our study was to determine the predictors of the CAC score in FH patients. We retrospectively studied FH patients followed at the Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM) Lipid Clinic who had a cardiac scan for CAC score, using the Agatston method, between 2013 and 2019. Results: Final analysis included 62 FH patients. Mean age was 48 ± 14 years old, and 48% were men. Overall, 25 patients had a CAC score of 0 (40%), and 37 patients had a nonzero CAC score (60%). Sex, age, Montreal-FH-SCORE (MFHS), waist circumference, and statin exposure in years were significant predictors (P ≤ 0,05) of a nonzero CAC score in a univariate model. MFHS was the only factor that remained significant in a multivariate model (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.61, P = 0.002). Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that MFHS, which includes traditional cardiovascular risk factors, was a predictor of a nonzero CAC score in FH patients. This finding suggests that MFHS may play a role in determining the cardiovascular risk and therefore the intensity of treatment in FH patients. Résumé: Contexte: L’hypercholestérolémie familiale (HF) est une maladie monogénique caractérisée par une forte concentration de cholestérol des lipoprotéines de basse densité. La population touchée est considérée comme étant exposée à un risque cardiovasculaire élevé; toutefois, l’évolution de la maladie demeure hétérogène d’une personne à l’autre. À l’heure actuelle, le score calcique coronaire (SCC) est le meilleur outil prédictif de manifestations cardiovasculaires majeures fortuites en prévention primaire dans la population générale. Peu d’études ont décrit le SCC dans des populations atteintes de HF. Méthodologie: L’objectif de notre étude était de déterminer les facteurs prédictifs du SCC chez les patients atteints de HF. Nous avons étudié de façon rétrospective des patients atteints de HF qui étaient suivis à la clinique de lipides de l’Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) et chez qui le score SCC avait été mesuré pendant un examen de tomodensitométrie cardiaque, au moyen de la méthode d’Agatston, entre 2013 et 2019. Résultats: L’analyse finale a porté sur 62 patients atteints de HF. L’âge moyen était de 48 ± 14 ans et la proportion d’hommes était de 48 %. Dans l’ensemble, 25 patients avaient un SCC de 0 (40 %) et 37, un SCC différent de zéro (60 %). Le sexe, l’âge, le score MFHS (Montreal-FH-SCORE), le tour de taille et le nombre d’années d’exposition aux statines ont été des facteurs prédictifs significatifs (p ≤ 0,05) d’un SCC différent de zéro dans un modèle à une variable. Le score MFHS est le seul facteur qui est demeuré significatif dans un modèle à plusieurs variables (rapport de cotes : 1,34; intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 1,11 à 1,61; p = 0,002). Conclusions: En conclusion, nous avons observé que le score MFHS, qui englobe les facteurs classiques de risque cardiovasculaire, était un facteur prédictif d’un SCC différent de zéro chez les patients atteints de HF. Cette observation semble indiquer que le score MFHS pourrait jouer un rôle dans la détermination du risque cardiovasculaire et, par conséquent, dans l’intensité du traitement chez les patients atteints de HF.

RÉSUMÉ : Dans le cadre d'un projet pilote visant à favoriser la découverte de différentes pratiques numériques en art actuel, le Musée ambulant a conçu et réalisé, au printemps 2020, une série d’ateliers de médiation regroupant de petits groupes d’adolescent.e.s sur une plateforme de visioconférence. Dans le contexte bien particulier du confinement lié à la crise sanitaire, l'objectif était de générer des expériences enrichissantes, malgré la distance, en développant des échanges signifiants autour des œuvres présentées et en suscitant un désir de création numérique chez les participant.e.s. Engagée dans une pratique réflexive, l'équipe du Musée ambulant revient à la fois sur les potentialités et limites de ce projet à travers la notion de rencontre, centrale à son approche de médiation. En se questionnant sur la possibilité de générer une ou plusieurs formes de rencontres et en explorant le type de rencontres favorisé par les activités menées, nous tenterons de dégager des constats utiles pour le développement pour de futurs projets en médiation virtuelle de l'art actuel.Abstract: Within the framework of a pilot project aimed at promoting the discovery of different digital practices in contemporary art, the Musée Ambulant (The Traveling Museum) developed and undertook, in the spring of 2020, a series of facilitated workshops, bringing small groups of teenagers together on a videoconferencing program. In the very unique context of quarantining due to the health crisis, the objective was to create enriched experiences, regardless of distance, by developing substantive exchanges around the works presented, and by sparking an interest in digital creation among the participants. Through reflection, the Musée Ambulant team reverts to both the potentials and the limits of this project through the notion of encounter, which is central to its facilitation approach. By asking ourselves about the possibility of creating one or more types of encounters and by exploring the type of encounters fostered by the activities conducted, we will attempt to present useful observations for the development of future virtually-facilitated contemporary art projects.

Introduction : La perforation de cornée est une situation pathologique fréquente en urgence ophtalmologique.Et la greffe de membrane amniotique garde sa place dans sa prise en charge en favorisant l'épithélialisation cornéenne à l’aide de ses caractéristiques anti-fibrotiques, anti-inflammatoires, anti-angiogéniques et antimicrobiennes. Le But du travail est d’analyser les caractéristiques structurales de la cornée et de la membrane amniotique et d’évaluer les changements de la membrane après son intégration à la cornée à l’aide de l’OCT-SA. Matériel et méthode : étude prospective menée au sein du service d’ophtalmologie du centre hospitalier Mohammed VI de Marrakech, et portant sur 63 cas de perforations cornéennes, d’ulcères profonds ou pré-perforatifs. Résultats : 31 patients ont présenté un ulcère perforé, 23 ont présenté un ulcère pré-perforatif et 9 ont eu une perforation cornéenne post-traumatique.93,6% des patients ont bénéficié d’une greffe de membrane amniotique en multicouches.L’OCT-SA a été réalisée avant le geste opératoire à chaque fois que cela était possible.A J2, l’épaisseur moyenne de la membrane amniotique inlay était de 231±132µm. A J8, cette épaisseur a diminué à 112±40µm. A J25, plus de 90% des malades ont intégré la membrane dans l’épaisseur cornéenne avec une épaisseur cornéenne moyenne de 495±85µm.L’intégration de cette membrane a été associée à la fibrose partielle de cette dernière, permettant ainsi la restitution de l’épaisseur cornéenne et la régénération cornéenne. Discussion: La greffe de membrane amniotique constitue une meilleure alternative dans la prise en charge des perforations cornéennes et les ulcères pré-perforatifs. Dans le suivi de la greffe de membrane amniotique, l’examen à la LAF reste indispensable. Pourtant, le monitorage par OCT-SA permet de faire une meilleure quantification de l’épaisseur cornéenne et de sa structure. Conclusion : La greffe de membrane amniotique est la meilleure alternative dans la prise en charge des perforations cornéennes et des ulcères pré-perforatifs. Son intégration à l’épaisseur cornéenne est toujours associée à sa ré-épithélialisation. Ainsi, l’OCT-SA constitue l’examen de choix pour une meilleure surveillance de l’intégration de cette membrane.

Abstract Background Improving children and young people’s provision for mental health is a current health priority in England. Secondary school teachers have worse mental health outcomes than the general working population, which the Wellbeing in Secondary Education (WISE) cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to improve. The WISE intervention comprised a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training package delivered to at least 16% of staff, a short mental health awareness session to all teachers and development of a staff peer support service. Twenty-five schools were randomised to intervention or control arms. This paper reports findings regarding the extent of uptake and fidelity of the intervention. Methods Mixed methods data collection comprised researcher observations of training delivery, training participant evaluation forms, trainer and peer supporter interviews, peer supporter feedback meetings, logs of support provided, and teacher questionnaires. Quantitative data were summarised descriptively, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Results In the 12 schools assigned to the intervention arm, 113 (8.6%) staff completed the 2-day standard MHFA training course, and a further 146 (11.1%) staff completed the 1-day MHFA for schools and colleges training. In seven (58.3%) schools, the required 8% of staff completed the MHFA training packages. A 1-h mental health awareness-raising session was attended by 666 (54.5%) staff. Delivery of the MHFA training package was achieved with high levels of fidelity and quality across schools. All schools set up the peer support service following training, with a majority adhering to most of the operational guidelines developed from the pilot study at the outset. Teachers reported limited use of the peer support service during follow-up. At the 1-year follow-up, only three (25.0%) schools indicated they had re-advertised the service and there was evidence of a reduction in support from senior leadership. Conclusion The MHFA training package was delivered with reasonably high fidelity, and a staff peer support service was established with general, but not complete, adherence to guidelines. In some schools, insufficient staff received MHFA training and levels of delivery of the peer support service compromised intervention dose and reach. Trial registration ISRCTN 95909211 . Registered on 15 January 2016

Abstract We studied the biological activity of pevonedistat, a first‐in‐class NEDD8‐activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, in combination with various cytotoxic chemotherapy agents and small molecule inhibitors in lymphoma preclinical models. Pevonedistat induced cell death in activated B‐cell (ABC) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and to a lesser degree in germinal center B‐cell (GCB) DLBCL cell lines. In pevonedistat sensitive cells, we observed inhibition of NF‐κB activity by p65 co‐localization studies, decreased expression of BCL‐2/Bcl‐XL, and upregulation of BAK levels. Pevonedistat enhanced the activity of cytarabine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and etoposide in ABC‐, but not in the GCB‐DLBCL cell lines. It also exhibited synergy with ibrutinib, selinexor, venetoclax, and A‐1331852 (a novel BCL‐XL inhibitor). In vivo, the combination of pevonedistat and ibrutinib or pevonedistat and cytarabine prolonged survival in SCID mice xenograft models when compared with monotherapy controls. Our data suggest that targeting the neddylation pathway in DLBCL is a viable therapeutic strategy and support further clinical studies of pevonedistat as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy or novel targeted agents.

Abstract Background There is a need to develop innovative solutions to enhance safe and green physical environments, which optimise health, wellbeing and community participation among older adults. To develop solutions that meet the needs of a diverse ageing population, an interdisciplinary approach is needed. Our aim was to identify the needs of older people in relation to ageing well in the environment by bringing together knowledge from different perspectives using Patient and Public Involvement. Methods An international consortium (Retrofit living For ageing well through Understanding and Redesign of Built environments consortium: ReFURB) was established in April 2018, including ten core members, to (i) explore cutting-edge solutions to safe living for ageing populations and (ii) develop innovative approaches to everyday physical environments, which bring about health benefits. We used a co-design, interdisciplinary framework involving older adults, carers, physiotherapists, geriatricians, engineers, human movement experts, geographers and psychologists from the UK and Australia. This engaged people in a 1 day workshop that comprised a series of presentations from international speakers on urban design, social connectedness, hazards and injury prevention, and the physical environment. Small group discussions (facilitated by consortium members) followed presentations to consider the opportunities, challenges and barriers encountered with ageing, which included the use of creative engagement activities (LEGO® Serious Play, mind maps, poster gallery walk), to help participants share personal stories and reflect on the issues raised. Thematic coding was used to synthesise the outputs of the small group work. Results Five themes were identified across the workshops: access and transport; involvement of the whole community; restoration rather than redesign; assistive and digital technology; and intergenerational approaches. These dimensions related to the physical, social and nature-based qualities of everyday environments, as they pertain to ageing well. Conclusions Co-design was a valuable tool that helped understand the perceptions of participants and essential to develop effective interventions and solutions. Participants highlighted several issues affecting people as they age and key environmental considerations to promote wellbeing, activity, and participation. The consortium identified gaps in the existing evidence base and are now planning activities to further develop research ideas in collaboration with our co-design participants.

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for treatment of different diseases. However, their working mechanism is still unknown. To elucidate this, the non-invasive and longitudinal tracking of MSCs would be beneficial. Both iron oxide-based nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) have shown potential as in vivo cell imaging agents. However, they are limited by their negative contrast and lack of spatial information as well as short half-life, respectively. In this proof-of-principle study, we evaluated the potential of Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs as dual PET/MRI contrast agents, as they allow stable binding of [18F]F− ions to the NPs and thus, NP visualization and quantification with both imaging modalities. Results 18F-labeled Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs (radiolabeled NPs) or mouse MSCs (mMSCs) labeled with these radiolabeled NPs were intravenously injected in healthy C57Bl/6 mice, and their biodistribution was studied using simultaneous PET/MRI acquisition. While liver uptake of radiolabeled NPs was seen with both PET and MRI, mMSCs uptake in the lungs could only be observed with PET. Even some initial loss of fluoride label did not impair NPs/mMSCs visualization. Furthermore, no negative effects on blood cell populations were seen after injection of either the NPs or mMSCs, indicating good biocompatibility. Conclusion We present the application of novel 18F-labeled Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 NPs as safe cell tracking agents for simultaneous PET/MRI. Combining both modalities allows fast and easy NP and mMSC localization and quantification using PET at early time points, while MRI provides high-resolution, anatomic background information and long-term NP follow-up, hereby overcoming limitations of the individual imaging modalities.