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The use of game in education has been evidenced to improve students' engagement in learning. However, much research shows that the use of game in learning is only effective for high school students, while its use for students of higher education is limited. Research on game in education has predominantly been occupied by Kahoot! while Quizizz has received less analysis. This research aims to explore student perception of Quizizz as a learning media and the related obstacles experienced in a library science study program of State Islamic University of North Sumatera in Indonesia. The research uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, such as survey and focused group discussion, with a sample of 272 undergraduate students. The study found that the use of games in learning actively increased student engagement and led to a significant improvement in independence and self-control in learning. During the learning activity students maintain that they gain their self-confidence while enjoying the game. The research suggests that to increase learning achievement, educators should use various teaching strategies that encourage students' active mental and physical engagement. Additionally, it is expected that this learning experience and content will enhance students' retentive memory.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of SiBakul Jogja, a digital platform initiated by the government in Yogyakarta Province, in supporting small businesses and fostering collaboration among various stakeholders. Through interviews and research analysis, we investigate the mechanisms through which SiBakul Jogja facilitates small business growth and innovation. The findings reveal that SiBakul Jogja serves as a comprehensive resource hub for small businesses, offering assistance in record-keeping, advisory services, and fostering partnerships for innovation. Collaboration among government entities, businesses, academics, and the media plays a crucial role in enhancing the platform's impact. Positive outcomes include job creation and improved access to financial resources. However, challenges such as digital skills shortages and internet connectivity issues persist. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of SiBakul Jogja's collaborative approach in alignment with principles of new public service, contributing to improved public service delivery and economic growth. Addressing these challenges collectively presents an opportunity to leverage SiBakul Jogja's potential to significantly boost the local economy. Through effective teamwork and organizational strategies, digital support for small businesses can be optimized, fostering economic growth and resilience. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-015 Full Text: PDF

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of parents of Bandung Baptist Christian Junior High School students regarding families' financial planning and management to avoid family financial risk. This community service implementation method uses training with 25 participants, who are parents of students. The evaluation of this community service activity was carried out by conducting a survey to measure the reaction of participants, their knowledge level, and their change intention. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected. The results of the community service activity showed that more than 96% of the participants who attended found the activity relevant to their conditions. Additionally, 62% of the participants experienced an increase in knowledge regarding the concept of financial management, and all participants committed to taking concrete actions to improve their family's financial conditions, including avoiding debt, making financial records, using an application to simplify financial management, and setting a budget (financial prioritization).

Rice fields are the leading supplier of rice in Indonesia. The conversion of rice fields is a severe problem that needs to be addressed to support food security. This study aims to formulate a strategy to control the conversion of rice fields in Pematangsiantar City. We conducted a comprehensive SWOT analysis, identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to control rice field conversion. This analysis was based on focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 24 key respondents. Based on the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors and the strategy matrix, the strategies to control rice field conversion are aggressive (SO strategy), adaptive (WO strategies), and competitive (ST strategies). The main strategies are regulatory consistency, incentive, and disincentive systems, preparation of LP2B Perda, consistency in issuing non-agricultural sector permits, and institutional capacity building of rice farmers. This research is the latest comprehensive study in formulating control strategies for rice field conversion in Pematangsiantar City. The contribution is a strategy that can be used as an action program to control the conversion of rice fields. Implementing the strategy requires technical and political will from all stakeholders, especially local government, legislators, and farmers.

Students' writing ability has become an essential element for student success and may be influenced by the student and teachers skills; therefore, the subject has garnered the attention of regulators and researchers alike. Thus, the current research investigates the role of student critical thinking skills and teachers' intellectual skills on students' writing ability across private universities in Indonesia. The researchers also investigate the mediating impact of student learning among the nexus of student critical thinking skills, teachers' intellectual skills and student writing ability in the context of private universities in Indonesia. The present study has used primary data collection methods and employs the survey questionnaires for data collection. The current research also use the primary data analysis tools such as smart-PLS to test the study hypotheses as well as the items' validity and reliability. The results reveal that student critical thinking skills and teachers' intellectual skills have a positive influence on student writing ability in private universities in Indonesia. The results also show that student learning significantly mediates between the association of student critical thinking skills, teachers' intellectual skills and student writing ability of private universities in Indonesia. This study is meaningful for future researchers who want to investigate this area in a more in-depth manner in the future and provides the guideline to the regulating and developing authorities while formulting policies related to students' writing ability in the universities of Indonesia.

Statistical reasoning ability is one of the essential skills in developing competence, which is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to explore the statistical reasoning ability of junior high school students in descriptive statistics learning. The investigation directs students to determine their level of statistical reasoning ability. The Rasch model analysis analyzes whether there is a bias in the item questions used in exploring these abilities based on demographic factors such as gender, initial mathematical ability, and ethnic background. This study uses a mix-method (a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods). Based on the Rasch Model analysis, quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from 22 students utilizing a statistical reasoning ability test instrument based on the ethnomathematics context, which was valid and reliable. The results of data analysis show that students have different levels of statistical reasoning abilities and are related to students' initial mathematical ability. Students with low initial mathematical skills are at level 1 idiosyncratic, while students with high initial mathematical skills are at procedural level 4. The results of the DIF (Differential Item Functioning) analysis showed no significant difference between the use of the ethnomathematics context-based test instrument and the demographic factors of the research subjects. This study concludes that students can explore statistical reasoning ability through ethnomathematics-based problem solving but still pay attention to other demographic factors.

This research examines the effect of the blended project-based learning (PjBL) model and creative thinking ability on engineering students' drawing learning outcomes. Using a pre and post-test quasi-experimental design, the research included a sample of 80 students from two different classes at the Faculty of Engineering, UNIMED, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through two-way ANOVA. Subsequently, the results showed that the members of experimental group I, comprising students who participated in the blended PjBL model, obtained the highest engineering drawing learning outcomes. The creative thinking ability outcomes of the students taught with this model were higher than those of the group II students who used the ordinary blended learning model. However, those with low thinking abilities taught with the ordinary model exhibited higher learning outcomes than the experimental group. These results show an interaction between the effect of the PjBL model and creative thinking ability on the learning outcomes of engineering students. Therefore, lecturers need to use a blended PjBL model to ensure improved outcomes, alongside enhancing students' creative thinking abilities to increase the model's effectiveness.

Internet is a tool widely used by students to advance online and offline learning, especially during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, overdependence on internet use in the learning process may negatively affect the academic progress of students. Some students delay submitting academic assignments without tangible reasons. Students often use the internet for activities unrelated to academics. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cyberloafing behavior and academic procrastination of Indonesian students during COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of self-regulated learning in explaining the relationship between cyberloafing behavior and academic procrastination was also discussed. This study used a descriptive study. The data collection technique was the survey method with the help of questionnaires. Sample size for this research was 732 students drawn from both the state and private universities in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that cyberloafing significantly affects students' academic procrastination. Moreover, the relationship between these two variables was moderated by self-regulated learning. This research is expected to provide input to all parties involved in the student learning process and help develop information technology integration in the learning process.

This study aimed to explore linguistic competence in academic text translation by professionals, focusing on their awareness, dominant linguistic competence and strategies, and the impact of Machine Translation (MT) and AI-driven software on their workflow. The research utilized the PACTE TC’s model (2003), which includes pragmatic, sociolinguistic, textual, grammatical, and lexical sub-competences. A qualitative research design by Creswell Creswell (2018) with a descriptive method was employed to delve deeply into the subjective experiences of professional translators. The surveys were conducted via Google Form from March to April 2024. The results indicate that the respondents demonstrated high awareness of linguistic competence, particularly in pragmatic, sociolinguistic, textual, grammatical, and lexical aspects. Respondents identified linguistic challenges such as lexical, textual, and sociolinguistic issues. Strategies to overcome these challenges included using online resources, human checks, and continuous learning. The results also show varied attitudes towards MT and AI, with some translators embracing these tools for efficiency and others preferred manual methods. MT and AI were perceived to enhance translation quality, especially in grammar accuracy and efficiency. However, the study’s limitations highlight the need for future research on the effectiveness of different MT and AI tools, balancing technological assistance with human expertise, and the impact of training programs.

The results of this research indicate an increase in student learning outcomes in class IV mathematics lessons at SD Negeri 097802 Tumbukan Dalig, Simalungun Regency. This is proven by the results of research on the pretest (initial test) where 6 students (31.57%) got a complete score, while 13 students (68.42%) got an incomplete score, with an average learning result of 59.15. In the first cycle posttest, it increased to 11 students (57.89%) who completed while 8 students (42.10%) did not, with an average learning outcome of 66.73. In the second cycle posttest, completeness of learning outcomes increased to 16 students (84.21%) who completed and 3 students (15.78%) received an incomplete score, with an average learning outcome of 75.78. Furthermore, from the results of observations of teacher activities in implementing cycle I learning, an average of 52% (sufficient) was obtained and observations of student activities were obtained with an average of 50 (sufficient). In cycle II the results of teacher observations increased to 84% (very good) and the results of observations of student activities also increased to 86 (very good) thus it was found that by implementing the edutainment method there was an increase in the learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Negeri 097802 Tumbukan Dalig , Simalungun Regency.

Character values are traits or things that are considered important and useful in human life. Character values can also be used as instructions or guidelines for behavior. Character values can be formed and developed through education. Therefore, everyone, especially UMN Al-Washliyah students, must possess the importance of character education values through Islamic Education. This research aims to describe the values of Islamic education in Surah ash-Shaff verses 10-11, which means jihad, in forming the religious character of UMN Al-Washliyah students. By studying the values of Islamic education, it is hoped that it can shape students' character for the better. Islamic Education values will be formed by translating Surah Ash-Shaff verses 10-11 to form character education, especially for UMN Al-Washliyah students. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis. The results of this research are 1) Character education values for primary and secondary school students, namely the values or character that have been exemplified by the founders of Al-Washliyah who are strong and steadfast in practicing their religion or the values contained therein: Religious, honest, tolerant, Discipline, Hard Work, Creative, Independent, Democratic, Curiosity, National Spirit, Love of the Motherland, Respect for Achievement, Friendly/Communicative, Love of Peace, Love of Reading, Care for the Environment, Care for Social Responsibility. 2) Strategies for instilling character-building values for students, namely Incorporating character education into all courses on campus, Creating slogans or chants that can foster the habit of all students to behave well, and Getting used to good behavior. Positive attitude among campuses, and carrying out regular monitoring, giving rewards to students who always have good character.

Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, and Geofisika (BMKG): For weather and climate observations, the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency operates 1,285 digital and automated instruments across Indonesia. These instruments need regular calibration as required by Law No. 31 of 2009 on Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics. BMKG maintains a calibration laboratorylaboratory in Medan, North Sumatra, complying with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standards, which ensure the quality of measChamber inhomogeneity, which affects temperature stability, is an important factor in calibration. ibration. To address this, a study designed an IoT-based temperature monitoring system using nine DHT22 sensors to measure chamber temperature inhomogeneity. The IoT system measured an inhomogeneity value of 0.9 0.9 °C, matching standard results using Aqara sensors. The designed system measured inhomogeneity at 0°C through the T6 sensor, while the standard system did so at 2°C with the Aqara 6 sensor, both placed consistently in the upper left rear section. The IoT system improved efficiency, offering real-time monitoring via the ThinkSpeak platform and reducing sampling time to 20 seconds from the standard 30 minutes.

Abstract Background Indonesia has the world’s second-highest tuberculosis (TB) burden, with 969,000 annual TB infections. In 2017, Indonesia faced significant challenges in TB care, with 18% of cases missed, 29% of diagnosed cases unreported, and 55.4% of positive results not notified. The government is exploring a new approach called “strategic purchasing” to improve TB detection and treatment rates and offer cost-effective service delivery. Objectives We aimed to analyze the financial impact of implementing a TB purchasing pilot in the city of Medan and assess the project’s affordability and value for money. Methods We developed a budget impact model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of using strategic purchasing to improve TB reporting and treatment success rates. We used using data from Medan’s budget impact model and the Ministry of Health’s guidelines to predict the total cost and the cost per patient. Results The model showed that strategic purchasing would improve TB reporting by 63% and successful treatments by 64%. While this would lead to a rise in total spending on TB care by 60%, the cost per patient would decrease by 3%. This is because more care would be provided in primary healthcare settings, which are more cost-effective than hospitals. Conclusions While strategic purchasing may increase overall spending, it could improve TB care in Indonesia by identifying more cases, treating them more effectively, and reducing the cost per patient. This could potentially lead to long-term cost savings and improved health outcomes.

Abstract Purpose As future physicians, medical students have experienced tremendous pressure during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with a high risk of depression and anxiety. We aimed to investigate an overview of the prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students in various countries during the global COVID-19 pandemic, and discuss associated stressors. Methods We systematically searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science for relevant articles from December 1, 2019 to March 15, 2023. We performed meta-analysis using a random-effects model with REML method to calculate the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to identify the potential risk of publication bias. Meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Results We identified 130 studies reporting anxiety and depression among 132,068 medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight screening tools were identified for anxiety and six for depression. The pooled prevalence of mental health outcomes for anxiety and depression was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40%–49%) and 48% (95% CI, 43%–52%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of mental health outcomes for moderate and severe anxiety and moderate and severe depression was 28% (95% CI, 24%–32%) and 30% (95% CI, 26%–35%), respectively. There was high heterogeneity between studies, with I2 ranging from 99.58%–99.66%. Continent and survey date were included in the meta-regression model. The results of meta-regression revealed that medical students in Asia had a lower prevalence of anxiety, and depression than those in other regions. The survey date (from February to June, 2020) showed a significantly positive correlation with the prevalence of anxiety and depression. Conclusions We demonstrated the global prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data highlight that medical students worldwide are at high risk of experiencing anxiety and depression. The reported stressors can be categorized into personal, academic, environmental and cultural, and pandemic factors. Schools and institutions should ensure optimal alternative learning environments for uninterrupted provision of medical education. The appropriate authorities should prioritize the provision of adequate protection for medical students and establish policies to promote new methods of training and education during a disaster, such as via distance learning.

Background: Porang is local food that contains glucomannan beneficial for accelerating satiety. Therefore, they are good food for diets. Objectives: To determine the chemical and sensory content of flakes formulated from porang flour and tempe flour. Methods: This study used a Completely Randomized Design, three treatments and three repetition. The sensory test was conducted on 50 students of Medan Health Polytechnic. Proximate test was conducted to measure the levels of carbohydrate, protein, fat, water, ash, crude fiber, and glucomannan. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was conducted at 5% and calcium oxalate. Results: The sensory test results showed that the color of flakes in treatments 1, 2, and 3 was different, and treatment 3 was the most preferred. The flavor was also different between treatments, and treatment 1 was the most preferred. However, the aroma and texture of porang flour and tempeh flakes did not change after processing. The highest levels of water, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber and breakability were in treatment 3, while the highest levels of carbohydrate, glucoman and calcium oxalate were in treatment 1. The higher proportion of porang flour resulted in better or higher glucoman levels, but with increased calcium oxalate levels. Further studies need to be carried out, in order to produce low and consumable calcium oxalate levels that fulfill the health requirements. Conclusions: Porang flour and tempe flour influenced the sensory test and chemical content test.

Critical thinking skills are important for students to face various changes and challenges in the current era. Based on class observations, the author found that students' critical thinking skills were at a low level, with a score of 33. The solution implemented by the author was the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The purpose of this research was to describe the implementation of PBL in helping students improve their critical thinking skills. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the implementation of PBL increased students' critical thinking skills to an average score of 64. Providing problems at the beginning of learning can stimulate students to interpret information, organize their learning, and encourage analytical thinking. Individual and group investigations help students evaluate information in problem-solving contexts. Developing and presenting work trains students to communicate and compare solutions. Analyzing and evaluating the process trains students to correct and critically reflect. By thinking critically, students can discern the truth and make decisions according to God's will and for His glory. Suggestions for future research include discussing the effect of PBL implementation on students' collaborative skills and developing more robust research instruments to measure students' critical thinking skills. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Kemampuan berpikir kritis penting bagi siswa untuk menghadapi berbagai perubahan dan tantangan perkembangan zaman di era saat ini. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan selama pembelajaran, penulis mendapati bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa termasuk dalam kriteria rendah dengan skor 33. Solusi yang dilakukan penulis adalah penerapan model Problem Based Learning. Adapun tujuan penulisan, yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan Problem Based Learning dalam membantu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penulisan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PBL berpengaruh meningkatkan berpikir kritis siswa hingga diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 64. Pemberian masalah di awal pembelajaran dapat menstimulasi siswa untuk menginterpretasi, mengorganisir siswa belajar, mendorong siswa melakukan analisis. Melakukan penyelidikan individual maupun kelompok membantu siswa dalam mengevaluasi informasi untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Mengembangkan dan menyajikan hasil karya memberikan siswa kesempatan untuk mengomunikasikan dan membandingkan solusi yang disusun. Menganalisis dan mengevaluasi proses pemecahan masalah menolong siswa untuk mengoreksi dan melakukan refleksi kritis terhadap proses yang dilalui dan hasil yang diperoleh. Dengan berpikir kritis, siswa dapat mempertimbangkan kebenaran dan mengambil keputusan sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan dan untuk kemuliaan-Nya. Saran terhadap penelitian selanjutnya yaitu dapat membahas pengaruh penerapan PBL terhadap keterampilan kolaboratif siswa dan menyusun instrumen penelitian yang lebih matang untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.

Senyawa bioaktif daun pegagan memiliki banyak manfaat. Senyawa ini memiliki sifat antioksidan, antimikroba dan antiinflamasi. Senyawa ini telah banyak digunakan untuk menyembuhkan beragam jenis penyakit. Oleh karena itu sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan obat-obatan. Namun sifatnya sangat hidrofobik dan mudah terdegradasi. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pendekatan baru yaitu memperkecil ukuran partikelnya berorde nanometer, dapat dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesa partikel senyawa bioaktif daun pegagan berukuran nanometer dan menguji pengaruh pemanasan dan tekanan terhadap diameter dan indeks polidispersitasnya. Senyawa bioaktif daun pegagan diekstrak menggunakan pelarut etanol. Nanopartikelnya disintesa menggunakan surfaktan tween 80. Pengaruh pemberian pemanasan dan tekanan terhadap diameter rata-rata dan indeks polidispersitasnya, diuji. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan 6 ragam massa konsentrat hasil ekstrak: 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, 8 mg, dan 9 mg yang masing-masing dilarutkan ke dalam 100 mL etanol, diameter rata-rata nanopartikelnya (dan indeks polidispersitas) masing-masing adalah 10,7 nm (0,266); 11,1 nm (0,240); 11,8 nm (0,395); 12,7 nm (0,086); 12,8 nm (0,299); dan 13,2 nm (0,464). Ketika nanopartikel ini dipanaskan pada temperatur 121oC dan tekanan 2 bar selama 15 menit, diameter rata-ratanya menjadi lebih besar: 11,0 nm; 11,3 nm; 12,4 nm; 12,9 nm; 13,5 nm; 14,1 nm; dan indeks polidispersitasnya menjadi lebih kecil: 0,196; 0,202; 0,242; 0,058; 0,274; dan 0,303. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar massa konsentrat yang digunakan, semakin besar diameter rata-rata nanopartikel yang dihasilkan. Pemberian pemanasan dan tekanan, memperbesar diameter rata-rata nanopartikel dan memperkecil indeks polidispersitasnya.

Background Sepsis in children is characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection and life-threatening organ dysfunction. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a severe complication of sepsis. Several known risk factors of PARDS are immunodeficiency, obesity, source of infection, and genetic factors. Objective To describe the potential risk factors of PARDS in septic children at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera. Methods This descriptive study using eligible medical record data from sepsis patients aged 1 month – 18 years was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in 2020–2022. A total sampling method was used for subject selection. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, mechanical ventilation modes and parameters, laboratory results, and outcomes were collected from medical records. Patients were classified as having sepsis with PARDS if Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) criteria of ARDS was met. Results Of 112 pediatric sepsis patients, 33.9% developed PARDS. The mortality rates for PARDS was 73.7%. Of the patients with PARDS, 57.9% had immunodeficiency, 60.5% patients had an intrapulmonary infection, 39.5% had an extrapulmonary infection, and 23.7% of patients had a suspected genetic disorder. In addition, 39.5% had good nutritional status, followed by 21.1% with obese. Conclusion The majority of patients with PARDS have intrapulmonary infection and immunodeficiency. Some of patients with PARDS have suspected genetic disorders and well nourished.

The manufacture of specimens produced by MAG welding on the joining of metal plates not AISI 1015 with SS304L, must meet the welding standards used. Low carbon steel AISI 1015 and stainless steel SS304L were used in this experiment by applied different current variations to each sample, namely 120, 130 and 140A in MAG welding using ER70S6 electrode. The results of the examination on the identification of the macro appearance in the heat affected area (HAZ) and Vickers microhardness and tensile testing were carried out in this study. From the data obtained, the hardness value of the weld metal is higher when compared to the parent metal between AISI 1015 and SS304L, and the hardness value of the weld metal is also higher due to the influence of the ER70S6 solid wire electrode used. The tensile strength and yield strength of MAG welded joints increased at 120 and 140A, and the fault position occurred in hypo euctectoid steel (AISI 1015) at the boundary between the heat affected area and the parent metal. The results of the research on MAG welded joints with a welding current of 120A is preferably used for joining dissimilar metals between low carbon steel (AISI 1015) and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304L).

The main objective of this research is to determine the overall performance value of the pneumatic actuator system on a solar-powered pineapple cutting machine. The research methods used are literature study and experimental laboratory. The laboratory experimental method is very suitable to be applied to post-harvest agricultural machines with a small capacity where the research is only focused on the success of the actuator system in carrying out pineapple cutting movements automatically by utilizing pressurized air coming from the compressor. The variation in air pressure for the pneumatic actuator is set at the air pressure, namely 3, 4, and 5 Bar. The actual peeling capacity using air pressure of 3 Bar resulted in 160 pineapple cutting/per hour, 170 fruit/per hour for 4 Bar, 173 bar for 5 bar, and 173 fruit/per hour manually. The efficiency of peeling pineapple manually was 82.8% while using a pneumatic actuator system it was 70.6%. The DC electrical energy storage capacity required for the pneumatic actuator drive system is a battery with a capacity of 80 Ah 12 v which is supplied by electrical energy originating from a 200 Wp solar panel. Solar panels of this size are sufficient to equip a pneumatic actuator system for stripping with capacity of 1 hour/day. The results of this study are expected provide the latest reference for determining the optimal productivity of solar-powered pineapple cutting machines today.

Literary psychology is a type of literary theory that is related to the human psyche. Through literary psychology we can understand the psychology or personality of the characters in a story. This research is aim to analyse the personality structure of the main character, Sum, in the short story Tart di Bulan Hujan by Bakdi Soemanto using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. This research uses qualitative descriptive method and literary psychology approach, Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, to analyse the personality structure of the Id, Ego, and Superego of the main character, Sum, in the short story Tart di Bulan Hujan. The results of this study indicates that the main character, Sum, in her personality shows the three personality structures of Id, Ego, and Superego. Sum’s Id is clearly visible from her strong desire to be able to buy a tart in the rainy month. Then the Ego personality helps the Id to get all its desires in a way that is acceptable in the real world, namely by collecting money by saving and working hard to buy the tart. Meanwhile, Sum’s Superego makes her put aside the Ego and Id. These three-personality structure control the behaviour and actions of Sum in making decisions.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran stres pada orang tua yang memiliki anak autistik spektrum disorder. Pada Penelitian ini, para peneliti menggunakan Pendekatan Kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui metode wawancara terbuka dan observasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lima orang subjek penelitian yang memiliki kriteria untuk penelitian ini. Dalam pemilihan subjek, teknik yang digunakan adalah Teknik Purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para orang tua pada awalnya sulit menerima, seiring berjalannya waktu para orang tua atau subjek mulai belajar menerima keadaan anak mereka dan ikhlas serta berusaha merawat anak mereka dengan memberikan terapi baik melalui sekolah maupun secara mandiri di rumah. Anak anak di sekolahkan di SLB agar dapat membantu dalam memberikan terapi sehingga anak-anak dapat mengikuti pembelajaran.

There have been noticeable studies probing into how written corrective feedback (WCF) could help to improve EFL students' awareness of grammatical terms. However, a few are known to investigate how the students' perceptions and preferences could prompt their approbation toward the feedback. This study reports on Indonesian university students' views of written corrective feedback in a writing class. Furthermore, their preferences for different types of WCF are also investigated. This survey study collected data by distributing a questionnaire to 387 participants from two different universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results indicated that although the participants favored different types of feedback, all of them shared a sympathetic attitude towards the feedback given. In particular, they believed that WCF could facilitate to improve their writing skills and language knowledge. Through WCF, they became aware of what to avoid and improve to create good writing. The results further indicated that of several different types of feedback strategies, direct feedback performed as the most favored to improve students' writing skills, followed by metalinguistic, reformulation, and indirect strategy. Overall, the findings ratified the value of WCF for EFL students in Indonesia. More research in this area are expected to furnish more contributive information.