18 results on '"Saraf, Sharada"'
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2. Automated, miniaturized, and scalable screening of healthcare workers, first responders, and students for SARS-CoV-2 in San Diego County
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Morgan, Sydney C, Aigner, Stefan, Anderson, Catelyn, Belda-Ferre, Pedro, De Hoff, Peter, Marotz, Clarisse A, Sathe, Shashank, Zeller, Mark, Ahmed, Noorsher, Audhya, Xaver, Baer, Nathan A, Barber, Tom, Barrick, Bethany, Batachari, Lakshmi, Betty, Maryann, Blue, Steven M, Brainard, Brent, Buckley, Tyler, Case, Jamie, Castro-Martinez, Anelizze, Chacón, Marisol, Cheung, Willi, Chong, LaVonnye, Coufal, Nicole G, Crescini, Evelyn S, DeGrand, Scott, Dimmock, David P, Donofrio-Odmann, J Joelle, Eisner, Emily R, Estaki, Mehrbod, Vargas, Lizbeth Franco, Freddock, Michele, Gallant, Robert M, Galmozzi, Andrea, Gao, Nina J, Gilmer, Sheldon, Grzelak, Edyta M, Hakim, Abbas, Hart, Jonathan, Hobbs, Charlotte, Humphrey, Greg, Ilkenhans, Nadja, Jacobs, Marni, Kahn, Christopher A, Kapadia, Bhavika K, Kim, Matthew, Kurian, Sunil, Lastrella, Alma L, Lawrence, Elijah S, Lee, Kari, Liang, Qishan, Liliom, Hanna, Sardo, Valentina Lo, Logan, Robert, Machnicki, Michal, Magallanes, Celestine G, Mah, Clarence K, Malacki, Denise, Marina, Ryan J, Marsh, Christopher, Martin, Natasha K, Matteson, Nathaniel L, Maunder, Daniel J, McBride, Kyle, McDonald, Bryan, McDonald, Daniel, McGraw, Michelle, Meadows, Audra R, Meyer, Michelle, Morey, Amber L, Mueller, Jasmine R, Ngo, Toan T, Nguyen, Julie, Nguyen, Viet, Nicholson, Laura J, Nouri, Alhakam, Nudell, Victoria, Nunez, Eugenio, O’Neill, Kyle, Ostrander, R Tyler, Pantham, Priyadarshini, Park, Samuel S, Picone, David, Plascencia, Ashley, Pratumchai, Isaraphorn, Quigley, Michael, Ragsac, Michelle Franc, Richardson, Andrew C, Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, Ruiz, Christopher A, Ryan, Justin, Sacco, Lisa, Saraf, Sharada, Seaver, Phoebe, Sewall, Leigh, Smoot, Elizabeth W, Sweeney, Kathleen M, Tekkatte, Chandana, Tsai, Rebecca, and Valentine, Holly
- Subjects
Pediatric ,Infectious Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Biodefense ,Vaccine Related ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Good Health and Well Being - Abstract
Background Successful containment strategies for SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of the COVID-19 pandemic, have involved widespread population testing that identifies infections early and enables rapid contact tracing. In this study, we developed a rapid and inexpensive RT- qPCR testing pipeline for population-level SARS-CoV-2 detection, and used this pipeline to establish a clinical laboratory dedicated to COVID-19 testing at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) with a processing capacity of 6,000 samples per day and next-day result turnaround times. Methods and findings Using this pipeline, we screened 6,786 healthcare workers and first responders, and 21,220 students, faculty, and staff from UCSD. Additionally, we screened 6,031 preschool-grade 12 students and staff from public and private schools across San Diego County that remained fully or partially open for in-person teaching during the pandemic. Between April 17, 2020 and February 5, 2021, participants provided 161,582 nasal swabs that were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 752 positive tests were obtained, yielding a test positivity rate of 0.47%. While the presence of symptoms was significantly correlated with higher viral load, most of the COVID-19 positive participants who participated in symptom surveys were asymptomatic at the time of testing. The positivity rate among preschool-grade 12 schools that remained open for in-person teaching was similar to the positivity rate at UCSD and lower than that of San Diego County, with the children in private schools being less likely to test positive than the adults at these schools. Conclusions Most schools across the United States have been closed for in-person learning for much of the 2020-2021 school year, and their safe reopening is a national priority. However, as there are no vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 currently available to the majority of school-aged children, the traditional strategies of mandatory masking, physical distancing, and repeated viral testing of students and staff remain key components of risk mitigation in these settings. The data presented here suggest that the safety measures and repeated testing actions taken by participating healthcare and educational facilities were effective in preventing outbreaks, and that a similar combination of risk-mitigation strategies and repeated testing may be successfully adopted by other healthcare and educational systems.
- Published
- 2021
3. High Burden of Undiagnosed Hepatitis B and Liver Disease in an Urban Emergency Department – Baltimore, 2020
- Author
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Anderson, Mark, Solomon, Sunil S., Fernandez, Reinaldo E., Dashler, Gaby, Mehta, Radhika, Stec, Michael, Kickler, Thomas, Kelen, Gabor D., Mehta, Shruti H., Beck, Evan J., Saraf, Sharada, Baker, Owen R., Lake, Isabel V., Ricketts, Erin P., Anderson, Danna, Hurley, Jennifer, Wang, Richard, Rothman, Richard E., Mohareb, Amir M., Laeyendecker, Oliver, Cloherty, Gavin A., Quinn, Thomas C., and Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. High level of HIV viral suppression in a cross-sectional study of Ugandan men with urethritis and bacterial STI
- Author
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Beck, Evan J, primary, Laeyendecker, Oliver, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Ashokkumar, Swetha, additional, Onzia, Annet, additional, Melendez, Johan H, additional, Chan, Justin, additional, Kyambadde, Peter, additional, Gough, Ethan, additional, Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind, additional, Manabe, Yukari C, additional, and Hamill, Matthew M, additional
- Published
- 2023
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5. Dating reservoir formation in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 in Rakai, Uganda
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Kankaka, Edward Nelson, primary, Redd, Andrew D, additional, Khan, Amjad, additional, Reynolds, Steven J, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Kirby, Charles, additional, Lynch, Briana, additional, Hackman, Jada, additional, Tomusange, Stephen, additional, Kityamuweesi, Taddeo, additional, Jamiru, Samiri, additional, Anok, Aggrey, additional, Buule, Paul, additional, Bruno, Daniel, additional, Martens, Craig, additional, Chang, Larry W, additional, Quinn, Thomas C, additional, Prodger, Jessica L, additional, and Poon, Art, additional
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
6. Temporary increase in circulating replication-competent latent HIV-infected resting CD4+ T cells after switch to an integrase inhibitor based antiretroviral regimen
- Author
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Ferreira, Roux-Cil, primary, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Capoferri, Adam A., additional, Baker, Owen, additional, Brown, Erin E., additional, Klock, Ethan, additional, Miller, Jernelle, additional, Lai, Jun, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Kirby, Charles, additional, Lynch, Briana, additional, Hackman, Jada, additional, Gowanlock, Sarah N., additional, Tomusange, Stephen, additional, Jamiru, Samiri, additional, Anok, Aggrey, additional, Kityamuweesi, Taddeo, additional, Buule, Paul, additional, Bruno, Daniel, additional, Martens, Craig, additional, Rose, Rebecca, additional, Lamers, Susanna L., additional, Galiwango, Ronald M., additional, Poon, Art F. Y., additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Prodger, Jessica L., additional, and Redd, Andrew D., additional
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- 2023
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7. Genomic and phenotypic analyses suggest moderate fitness differences among Zika virus lineages
- Author
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Oliveira, Glenn, primary, Vogels, Chantal B. F., additional, Zolfaghari, Ashley, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Klitting, Raphaelle, additional, Weger-Lucarelli, James, additional, P. Leon, Karla, additional, Ontiveros, Carlos O., additional, Agarwal, Rimjhim, additional, Tsetsarkin, Konstantin A., additional, Harris, Eva, additional, Ebel, Gregory D., additional, Wohl, Shirlee, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D., additional, and Andersen, Kristian G., additional
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- 2023
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8. High Burden of Undiagnosed Hepatitis B and Liver Disease in an Urban Emergency Department—Baltimore, 2020
- Author
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Wang, Richard, primary, Rothman, Richard E., additional, Mohareb, Amir M., additional, Laeyendecker, Oliver, additional, Cloherty, Gavin A., additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang, additional, Anderson, Mark, additional, Solomon, Sunil S., additional, Fernandez, Reinaldo E., additional, Dashler, Gaby, additional, Mehta, Radhika, additional, Stec, Michael, additional, Kickler, Thomas, additional, Kelen, Gabor D., additional, Mehta, Shruti H., additional, Beck, Evan J., additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Baker, Owen R., additional, Lake, Isabel V., additional, Ricketts, Erin P., additional, Anderson, Danna, additional, and Hurley, Jennifer, additional
- Published
- 2022
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9. Differential antibody production by symptomatology in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals
- Author
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Saraf, Sharada, primary, Zhu, Xianming, additional, Shrestha, Ruchee, additional, Bonny, Tania S., additional, Baker, Owen R., additional, Beck, Evan J., additional, Fernandez, Reinaldo E., additional, Eby, Yolanda, additional, Akinde, Olivia, additional, Ruff, Jessica E., additional, Caturegli, Patrizio, additional, Redd, Andrew D., additional, Bloch, Evan M., additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Tobian, Aaron A. R., additional, and Laeyendecker, Oliver, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Genomic and phenotypic analyses suggest moderate fitness differences among Zika virus lineages
- Author
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Oliveira, Glenn, primary, Vogels, Chantal B.F., additional, Zolfaghari, Ashley, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Klitting, Raphaelle, additional, Weger-Lucarelli, James, additional, Ontiveros, Carlos O., additional, Agarwal, Rimjhim, additional, Leon, Karla P., additional, Tsetsarkin, Konstantin A., additional, Harris, Eva, additional, Ebel, Gregory D., additional, Wohl, Shirlee, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D., additional, and Andersen, Kristian G., additional
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
11. Higher Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Associated With Increased Antibody Titer After a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
- Author
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Karaba, Andrew H., primary, Zhu, Xianming, additional, Benner, Sarah E., additional, Akinde, Olivia, additional, Eby, Yolanda, additional, Wang, Kristy H., additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Garonzik-Wang, Jacqueline M., additional, Klein, Sabra L., additional, Bailey, Justin R., additional, Cox, Andrea L., additional, Blankson, Joel N., additional, Durand, Christine M., additional, Segev, Dorry L., additional, Werbel, William A., additional, and Tobian, Aaron A.R., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Automated, miniaturized, and scalable screening of healthcare workers, first responders, and students for SARS-CoV-2 in San Diego County
- Author
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Morgan, Sydney, Aigner, Stefan, Anderson, Catelyn, Belda-Ferre, Pedro, De Hoff, Peter, Marotz, Clarisse, Sathe, Shashank, Zeller, Mark, Ahmed, Noorsher, Audhya, Xaver, Baer, Nathan, Barber, Tom, Barrick, Bethany, Batachari, Lakshmi, Betty, Maryann, Blue, Steven, Brainard, Brent, Buckley, Tyler, Case, Jamie, Castro-Martinez, Anelizze, Chacón, Marisol, Cheung, Willi, Chong, LaVonnye, Coufal, Nicole, Crescini, Evelyn, DeGrand, Scott, Dimmock, David, Joelle Donofrio-Odmann, J, Eisner, Emily, Estaki, Mehrbod, Vargas, Lizbeth Franco, Freddock, Michele, Gallant, Robert, Galmozzi, Andrea, Gao, Nina, Gilmer, Sheldon, Grzelak, Edyta, Hakim, Abbas, Hart, Jonathan, Hobbs, Charlotte, Humphrey, Greg, Ilkenhans, Nadja, Jacobs, Marni, Kahn, Christopher, Kapadia, Bhavika, Kim, Matthew, Kurian, Sunil, Lastrella, Alma, Lawrence, Elijah, Lee, Kari, Liang, Qishan, Liliom, Hanna, Sardo, Valentina Lo, Logan, Robert, Machnicki, Michal, Magallanes, Celestine, Mah, Clarence, Malacki, Denise, Marina, Ryan, Marsh, Christopher, Martin, Natasha, Matteson, Nathaniel, Maunder, Daniel, McBride, Kyle, McDonald, Bryan, McDonald, Daniel, McGraw, Michelle, Meadows, Audra, Meyer, Michelle, Morey, Amber, Mueller, Jasmine, Ngo, Toan, Nguyen, Julie, Nguyen, Viet, Nicholson, Laura, Nouri, Alhakam, Nudell, Victoria, Nunez, Eugenio, O’Neill, Kyle, Tyler Ostrander, R, Pantham, Priyadarshini, Park, Samuel, Picone, David, Plascencia, Ashley, Pratumchai, Isaraphorn, Quigley, Michael, Ragsac, Michelle Franc, Richardson, Andrew, Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, Ruiz, Christopher, Ryan, Justin, Sacco, Lisa, Saraf, Sharada, Seaver, Phoebe, Sewall, Leigh, Smoot, Elizabeth, Sweeney, Kathleen, Tekkatte, Chandana, Tsai, Rebecca, and Valentine, Holly
- Subjects
Pediatric ,Vaccine Related ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Infectious Diseases ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Biodefense - Abstract
Background Successful containment strategies for SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of the COVID-19 pandemic, have involved widespread population testing that identifies infections early and enables rapid contact tracing. In this study, we developed a rapid and inexpensive RT- qPCR testing pipeline for population-level SARS-CoV-2 detection, and used this pipeline to establish a clinical laboratory dedicated to COVID-19 testing at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) with a processing capacity of 6,000 samples per day and next-day result turnaround times. Methods and findings Using this pipeline, we screened 6,786 healthcare workers and first responders, and 21,220 students, faculty, and staff from UCSD. Additionally, we screened 6,031 preschool-grade 12 students and staff from public and private schools across San Diego County that remained fully or partially open for in-person teaching during the pandemic. Between April 17, 2020 and February 5, 2021, participants provided 161,582 nasal swabs that were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 752 positive tests were obtained, yielding a test positivity rate of 0.47%. While the presence of symptoms was significantly correlated with higher viral load, most of the COVID-19 positive participants who participated in symptom surveys were asymptomatic at the time of testing. The positivity rate among preschool-grade 12 schools that remained open for in-person teaching was similar to the positivity rate at UCSD and lower than that of San Diego County, with the children in private schools being less likely to test positive than the adults at these schools. Conclusions Most schools across the United States have been closed for in-person learning for much of the 2020-2021 school year, and their safe reopening is a national priority. However, as there are no vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 currently available to the majority of school-aged children, the traditional strategies of mandatory masking, physical distancing, and repeated viral testing of students and staff remain key components of risk mitigation in these settings. The data presented here suggest that the safety measures and repeated testing actions taken by participating healthcare and educational facilities were effective in preventing outbreaks, and that a similar combination of risk-mitigation strategies and repeated testing may be successfully adopted by other healthcare and educational systems.
- Published
- 2021
13. Automated, miniaturized, and scalable screening of healthcare workers, first responders, and students for SARS-CoV-2 in San Diego County
- Author
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Morgan, Sydney C, primary, Aigner, Stefan, additional, Anderson, Catelyn, additional, Belda-Ferre, Pedro, additional, De Hoff, Peter, additional, Marotz, Clarisse A, additional, Sathe, Shashank, additional, Zeller, Mark, additional, Ahmed, Noorsher, additional, Audhya, Xaver, additional, Baer, Nathan A, additional, Barber, Tom, additional, Barrick, Bethany, additional, Batachari, Lakshmi, additional, Betty, Maryann, additional, Blue, Steven M, additional, Brainard, Brent, additional, Buckley, Tyler, additional, Case, Jamie, additional, Castro-Martinez, Anelizze, additional, Chacón, Marisol, additional, Cheung, Willi, additional, Chong, LaVonnye, additional, Coufal, Nicole G, additional, Crescini, Evelyn S, additional, DeGrand, Scott, additional, Dimmock, David P, additional, Joelle Donofrio-Odmann, J, additional, Eisner, Emily R, additional, Estaki, Mehrbod, additional, Vargas, Lizbeth Franco, additional, Freddock, Michele, additional, Gallant, Robert M, additional, Galmozzi, Andrea, additional, Gao, Nina J, additional, Gilmer, Sheldon, additional, Grzelak, Edyta M, additional, Hakim, Abbas, additional, Hart, Jonathan, additional, Hobbs, Charlotte, additional, Humphrey, Greg, additional, Ilkenhans, Nadja, additional, Jacobs, Marni, additional, Kahn, Christopher A, additional, Kapadia, Bhavika K, additional, Kim, Matthew, additional, Kurian, Sunil, additional, Lastrella, Alma L, additional, Lawrence, Elijah S, additional, Lee, Kari, additional, Liang, Qishan, additional, Liliom, Hanna, additional, Sardo, Valentina Lo, additional, Logan, Robert, additional, Machnicki, Michal, additional, Magallanes, Celestine G, additional, Mah, Clarence K, additional, Malacki, Denise, additional, Marina, Ryan J, additional, Marsh, Christopher, additional, Martin, Natasha K, additional, Matteson, Nathaniel L, additional, Maunder, Daniel J, additional, McBride, Kyle, additional, McDonald, Bryan, additional, McDonald, Daniel, additional, McGraw, Michelle, additional, Meadows, Audra R, additional, Meyer, Michelle, additional, Morey, Amber L, additional, Mueller, Jasmine R, additional, Ngo, Toan T, additional, Nguyen, Julie, additional, Nguyen, Viet, additional, Nicholson, Laura J, additional, Nouri, Alhakam, additional, Nudell, Victoria, additional, Nunez, Eugenio, additional, O’Neill, Kyle, additional, Tyler Ostrander, R, additional, Pantham, Priyadarshini, additional, Park, Samuel S, additional, Picone, David, additional, Plascencia, Ashley, additional, Pratumchai, Isaraphorn, additional, Quigley, Michael, additional, Ragsac, Michelle Franc, additional, Richardson, Andrew C, additional, Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, additional, Ruiz, Christopher A, additional, Ryan, Justin, additional, Sacco, Lisa, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Seaver, Phoebe, additional, Sewall, Leigh, additional, Smoot, Elizabeth W, additional, Sweeney, Kathleen M, additional, Tekkatte, Chandana, additional, Tsai, Rebecca, additional, Valentine, Holly, additional, Walsh, Shawn, additional, Williams, August, additional, Wu, Min Yi, additional, Xia, Bing, additional, Yee, Brian, additional, Zhang, Jason Z, additional, Andersen, Kristian G, additional, Farnaes, Lauge, additional, Knight, Rob, additional, Yeo, Gene W, additional, and Laurent, Louise C, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Automated, Miniaturized, and Scalable Screening of Healthcare Workers, First Responders, and Students for SARS-Cov-2 in San Diego County
- Author
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Morgan, Sydney C., primary, Aigner, Stefan, additional, Anderson, Catelyn, additional, Belda-Ferre, Pedro, additional, De Hoff, Peter, additional, Marotz, Clarisse, additional, Sathe, Shashank, additional, Zeller, Mark, additional, Ahmed, Noorsher, additional, Audhya, Xaver, additional, Baer, Nathan A., additional, Barber, Tom, additional, Barrick, Bethany, additional, Batachari, Lakshmi, additional, Betty, Maryann, additional, Blue, Steven M., additional, Brainard, Brent, additional, Buckley, Tyler, additional, Case, Jamie, additional, Castro-Martinez, Anelizze, additional, Chacón, Marisol, additional, Cheung, Willi, additional, Chong, LaVonnye, additional, Coufal, Nicole G., additional, Crescini, Evelyn S., additional, DeGrand, Scott, additional, Dimmock, David P., additional, Donofrio-Odmann, J. Joelle, additional, Eisner, Emily R., additional, Estaki, Mehrbod, additional, Franco Vargas, Lizbeth, additional, Freddock, Michelle, additional, Gallant, Robert M., additional, Galmozzi, Andrea, additional, Gao, Nina J., additional, Gilmer, Sheldon, additional, Grzelak, Edyta M., additional, Hakim, Abbas, additional, Hart, Jonathan, additional, Hobbs, Charlotte, additional, Humphrey, Gregory, additional, Ilkenhans, Nadja, additional, Jacobs, Marni, additional, Kahn, Christopher A., additional, Kapadia, Bhavika K., additional, Kim, Matthew, additional, Kurian, Sunil, additional, Lastrella, Alma L., additional, Lawrence, Elijah S., additional, Lee, Kari, additional, Liang, Qishan, additional, Liliom, Hanna, additional, Lo Sardo, Valentina, additional, Logan, Robert, additional, Machnicki, Michal, additional, Magallanes, Celestine G., additional, Mah, Clarence K., additional, Malacki, Denise, additional, Marina, Ryan J., additional, Marsh, Christopher, additional, Martin, Natasha K., additional, Matteson, Nathaniel L., additional, Maunder, Daniel J., additional, McBride, Kyle, additional, McDonald, Bryan, additional, McGraw, Michelle, additional, Meadows, Audra R., additional, Meyer, Michelle, additional, Morey, Amber L., additional, Mueller, Jasmine R., additional, Ngo, Toan T., additional, Nguyen, Viet, additional, Nicholson, Laura J., additional, Nouri, Alhakam, additional, Nudell, Victoria, additional, Nunez, Eugenio, additional, O'Neill, Kyle, additional, Ostrander, R. Tyler, additional, Pantham, Priyadarshini, additional, Park, Samuel S., additional, Picone, David, additional, Plascencia, Ashley, additional, Pratumchai, Isaraphorn, additional, Quigley, Michael, additional, Ragsac, Michelle Franc, additional, Richardson, Andrew C., additional, Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, additional, Ruiz, Christopher A., additional, Ryan, Justin, additional, Sacco, Lisa, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Seaver, Phoebe, additional, Sewall, Leigh, additional, Smoot, Elizabeth W., additional, Sweeney, Kathleen M., additional, Tekkatte, Chandana, additional, Tsai, Rebecca, additional, Valentine, Holly, additional, Walsh, Shawn, additional, Williams, August, additional, Wu, Min Yi, additional, Xia, Bing, additional, Yee, Brian, additional, Zhang, Jason Z., additional, Andersen, Kristian G., additional, Farnaes, Lauge, additional, Knight, Rob, additional, Yeo, Gene W., additional, and Laurent, Louise C., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Two Sides of a Coin: a Zika Virus Mutation Selected in Pregnant Rhesus Macaques Promotes Fetal Infection in Mice but at a Cost of Reduced Fitness in Nonpregnant Macaques and Diminished Transmissibility by Vectors
- Author
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Lemos, Danilo, primary, Stuart, Jackson B., additional, Louie, William, additional, Singapuri, Anil, additional, Ramírez, Ana L., additional, Watanabe, Jennifer, additional, Usachenko, Jodie, additional, Keesler, Rebekah I., additional, Sanchez-San Martin, Claudia, additional, Li, Tony, additional, Martyn, Calla, additional, Oliveira, Glenn, additional, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Grubaugh, Nathan D., additional, Andersen, Kristian G., additional, Thissen, James, additional, Allen, Jonathan, additional, Borucki, Monica, additional, Tsetsarkin, Konstantin A., additional, Pletnev, Alexander G., additional, Chiu, Charles Y., additional, Van Rompay, Koen K. A., additional, and Coffey, Lark L., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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16. Travel Surveillance and Genomics Uncover a Hidden Zika Outbreak during the Waning Epidemic
- Author
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Grubaugh, Nathan D., primary, Saraf, Sharada, additional, Gangavarapu, Karthik, additional, Watts, Alexander, additional, Tan, Amanda L., additional, Oidtman, Rachel J., additional, Ladner, Jason T., additional, Oliveira, Glenn, additional, Matteson, Nathaniel L., additional, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., additional, Vogels, Chantal B.F., additional, Hentoff, Aaron, additional, Bhatia, Deepit, additional, Stanek, Danielle, additional, Scott, Blake, additional, Landis, Vanessa, additional, Stryker, Ian, additional, Cone, Marshall R., additional, Kopp, Edgar W., additional, Cannons, Andrew C., additional, Heberlein-Larson, Lea, additional, White, Stephen, additional, Gillis, Leah D., additional, Ricciardi, Michael J., additional, Kwal, Jaclyn, additional, Lichtenberger, Paola K., additional, Magnani, Diogo M., additional, Watkins, David I., additional, Palacios, Gustavo, additional, Hamer, Davidson H., additional, Gardner, Lauren M., additional, Perkins, T. Alex, additional, Baele, Guy, additional, Khan, Kamran, additional, Morrison, Andrea, additional, Isern, Sharon, additional, Michael, Scott F., additional, and Andersen, Kristian G., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Temporary increase in circulating replication-competent latent HIV-infected resting CD4+ T cells after switch to an integrase inhibitor based antiretroviral regimen.
- Author
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Ferreira RC, Reynolds SJ, Capoferri AA, Baker O, Brown EE, Klock E, Miller J, Lai J, Saraf S, Kirby C, Lynch B, Hackman J, Gowanlock SN, Tomusange S, Jamiru S, Anok A, Kityamuweesi T, Buule P, Bruno D, Martens C, Rose R, Lamers SL, Galiwango RM, Poon AFY, Quinn TC, Prodger JL, and Redd AD
- Abstract
The principal barrier to an HIV cure is the presence of a latent viral reservoir (LVR) made up primarily of latently infected resting CD4+ (rCD4) T-cells. Studies in the United States have shown that the LVR decays slowly (half-life=3.8 years), but this rate in African populations has been understudied. This study examined longitudinal changes in the inducible replication competent LVR (RC-LVR) of ART-suppressed Ugandans living with HIV (n=88) from 2015-2020 using the quantitative viral outgrowth assay, which measures infectious units per million (IUPM) rCD4 T-cells. In addition, outgrowth viruses were examined with site-directed next-generation sequencing to assess for possible ongoing viral evolution. During the study period (2018-19), Uganda instituted a nationwide rollout of first-line ART consisting of Dolutegravir (DTG) with two NRTI, which replaced the previous regimen that consisted of one NNRTI and the same two NRTI. Changes in the RC-LVR were analyzed using two versions of a novel Bayesian model that estimated the decay rate over time on ART as a single, linear rate (model A) or allowing for an inflection at time of DTG initiation (model B). Model A estimated the population-level slope of RC-LVR change as a non-significant positive increase. This positive slope was due to a temporary increase in the RC-LVR that occurred 0-12 months post-DTG initiation (p<0.0001). This was confirmed with model B, which estimated a significant decay pre-DTG initiation with a half-life of 7.7 years, but a significant positive slope post-DTG initiation leading to a transient estimated doubling-time of 8.1 years. There was no evidence of viral failure in the cohort, or consistent evolution in the outgrowth sequences associated with DTG initiation. These data suggest that either the initiation of DTG, or cessation of NNRTI use, is associated with a significant temporary increase in the circulating RC-LVR.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Differential antibody production by symptomatology in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals.
- Author
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Saraf S, Zhu X, Shrestha R, Bonny TS, Baker OR, Beck EJ, Fernandez RE, Eby Y, Akinde O, Ruff JE, Caturegli P, Redd AD, Bloch EM, Quinn TC, Tobian AA, and Laeyendecker O
- Abstract
The association between COVID-19 symptoms and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 is poorly characterized. We analyzed antibody levels in individuals with known SARS-CoV-2 infection to identify potential antibody-symptom associations. Convalescent plasma from 216 SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ individuals with symptomatology information were tested for the presence of IgG to the spike S1 subunit (Euroimmun ELISA), IgG to receptor binding domain (RBD, CoronaCHEK rapid test), and for IgG, IgA, and IgM to nucleocapsid (N, Bio-Rad ELISA). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having a COVID-19 symptom from the antibody response, adjusting for sex and age. Cough strongly associated with antibodies against S1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 5.33; 95% CI from 1.51 to 18.86) and RBD (aOR=4.36; CI 1.49, 12.78). In contrast, sore throat significantly associated with the absence of antibodies to S1 and N (aOR=0.25; CI 0.08, 0.80 and aOR=0.31; 0.11, 0.91). Similarly, lack of symptoms associated with the absence of antibodies to N and RBD (aOR=0.16; CI 0.03, 0.97 and aOR=0.16; CI 0.03, 1.01). Cough appeared to be correlated with a seropositive result, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals exhibiting lower respiratory symptoms generate a robust antibody response. Conversely, those without symptoms or limited to a sore throat while infected with SARS-CoV-2 were likely to lack a detectable antibody response. These findings strongly support the notion that severity of infection correlates with robust antibody response.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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