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Background: Paracetamol, is the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication in the world, which has minimal adverse effects at therapeutic dosages. But in high doses causes hepatic damage and oxidative stress. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate paracetamol toxic effects upon the liver and oxidative stress after repeated oral dose and evaluate possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid when co-administered with and after paracetamol. Methods: forty eight white albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Each group was subdivided into two sub groups A & B. Group I received gum acacia suspension. Group II received Alpha lipoic acid (50mg/kg) orally. Group III received paracetamol (1 gm/ kg orally) for 4 weeks. Group IV received paracetamol and alpha lipoic acid at the same doses. Sub groups A were euthanized after 4 weeks, while sub groups B were euthanized after 8 weeks. Blood was collected for evaluation of liver functions and oxidative stress marker. The livers were preserved for histopathological examinations. Results: The study proved that repeated administration of paracetamol induced disturbed liver functions and oxidative stress. But this toxic effects decline markedly when alpha lipoic acid (ALA) was coadministered with paracetamol. And more improvement occurs when ALA was administered for another 4 weeks after stoppage of paracetamol. Conclusions: The present study concluded that repeated paracetamol administration has hepatotoxic and oxidative stress effect and alpha lipoic acid has a protective effect against such harmful effects especially when ALA was administered for another 4 weeks after stoppage of paracetamol.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considered the most important autoimmune disease which affects most body organs and systems. SLE is mostly diagnosed in middle aged females. However, it can affect any age and both genders. Lupus patients may present by minor skin and joint symptoms up to critical internal organ damage. Both clinical and laboratory findings are needed for sure diagnosis.Cardiac disease is frequent in about 50% of lupus patients. Cardiac diseases in lupus patients are usually asymptomatic and discovered accidently. However, they are critical and life threatening, mostly due to premature and accelerated atherosclerosis. Therefore, the American Heart Association considers female patients with SLE as a high risk group for development of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Lately, the rate of survival of lupus patients has improved, but the patient is still at high risk of CV morbidity and mortality.Cardiovascular System involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus includes pericardial involvement, myocardial involvement, valvular disease and the coronary artery disease

Background: Paracetamol, is the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication in the world, which has no adverse effect at therapeutic dosages. But in high doses causes renal failure. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate paracetamol toxic effects upon the kidney and oxidative stress after repeated oral dose and evaluate possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid when co-administered with and after paracetamol. Methods: forty eight white albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Each group was subdivided into two sub groups A & B. Group I received gum acacia suspension. Group II received Alpha lipoic acid (50mg/kg) orally. Group III received paracetamol (1 gm/ kg orally) for 4 weeks. Group IV received paracetamol and alpha lipoic acid at the same doses. Sub groups A were euthanized after 4 weeks, while sub groups B were euthanized after 8 weeks. Blood was collected for evaluation of kidney functions and oxidative stress markers. The kidneys were preserved for histopathological examinations. Results: The study proved that repeated administration of paracetamol induced disturbed kidney functions and oxidative stress. But this toxic effects decline markedly when alpha lipoic acid was co-administered with paracetamol. And more improvement occurs when ALA was administered for another 4 weeks after stoppage of paracetamol. Conclusions: The present study concluded that repeated paracetamol administration has nephrotoxic and oxidative stress effect and alpha lipoic acid has a protective effect against such harmful effects.