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1. Effect of Different Anthelmintic Drugs on the Development and Efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans

Author

Sara Zegbi, Federica Sagües, Carlos Saumell, Laura Ceballos, Paula Domínguez, Inés Guerrero, Milagros Junco, Lucía Iglesias, and Silvina Fernández

Subjects
gastrointestinal nematodes, cattle, Duddingtonia flagrans, nematophagous fungi, anthelmintics, efficacy, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Nematophagous fungi are a biological control tool used against gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock. These fungi prey on free-living larvae in faeces and could be affected by active drugs excreted post-treatment. This study aimed to determine in vitro and under environmental conditions the effect of the following anthelmintics on the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans: ivermectin, levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole and ricobendazole. The in vitro effect of anthelmintics on fungal growth and predatory capacity was assessed in corn meal agar and coprocultures, respectively. Ivermectin (1, 2 and 10 ppm), fenbendazole (0.027, 0.054 and 1 ppm) and albendazole (1 ppm) significantly affected fungal development. The fungal efficacy against L3 was high in the control and levamisole coprocultures but decreased significantly in the presence of albendazole, fenbendazole, ricobendazole and ivermectin. The impact of levamisole on D. flagrans was further assessed under environmental conditions in autumn and winter; the fungal efficacy measured in faecal pats and the surrounding herbage was not affected by levamisole at any time. This study shows that using albendazole, fenbendazole, ricobendazole or ivermectin may compromise fungal activity, as these drugs affect the free-living stages of nematodes in faeces, but levamisole can be safely considered in parasite control strategies involving D. flagrans and anthelmintic treatments.

Published
2024
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2. Trapping Behaviour of Duddingtonia flagrans against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Cattle under Year-Round Grazing Conditions

Author

Silvina Fernández, Sara Zegbi, Federica Sagües, Lucía Iglesias, Inés Guerrero, and Carlos Saumell

Subjects
biological control, Duddingtonia flagrans, nematophagous fungi, gastrointestinal nematodes, infective larvae, cattle, Medicine
Abstract

The purpose of using nematophagous fungi as biological control agents of gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock is to reduce the build-up of infective larvae on pasture and thus avoid clinical and subclinical disease. As the interaction of fungus-larval stages takes place in the environment, it is crucial to know how useful the fungal agents are throughout the seasons in areas where livestock graze all year-round. This study was designed to determine the predatory ability of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle during four experiments set up in different seasons. In each experiment, faeces containing eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes were mixed with 11,000 chlamydospores/g and deposited on pasture plots. A comparison between fungal-added faeces and control faeces without fungus were made with regard to pasture infectivity, larval presence in faecal pats, faecal cultures, faecal pat weight, and temperature inside the faecal mass. In three of the four experiments, Duddingtonia flagrans significantly reduced the population of infective larvae in cultures (68 to 97%), on herbage (80 to 100%), and inside the faecal pats (70 to 95%). The study demonstrated the possibility of counting on a biological control tool throughout most of the year in cattle regions with extensive grazing seasons.

Published
2023
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4. A review of the use of Duddingtonia flagrans as a biological controller of strongylid nematodes in horses

Author

Milagros Junco, Lucia Emilia Iglesias, Federica Sagüés, Sara Zegbi, Ines Guerrero, and Carlos Alfredo Saumell

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, General Veterinary, Insect Science, Parasitology, General Medicine
Abstract

In horses, the nematodes of the Strongylidae family are the most important due to their prevalence and pathogenicity. Sanitary plans include parasite control based on chemical anthelmintics. Among these, the benzimidazole compounds have been used since the 1960s to control the nematode Strongylus vulgaris. Its inappropriate use resulted in the development of resistance in parasites with a shorter biological cycle, such as the small strongyles. Currently, the genera that make up this group show widespread resistance to all chemical treatments available in veterinary medicine, except for macrocyclic lactones, where less effective action has been detected. The need to find alternative routes for its control is recognized. International organizations and markets are increasingly restrictive in the allowed levels of drugs in products of animal origin, so one of the drawbacks is the permanence of chemical compounds in tissues. Therefore, other tools not chemically based are proposed, such as the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes. Various research groups around the world have carried out tests on the control capacity of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against this group of parasites. The objective of this review is to compile the different tests that are available on biological control in this species, in in vivo and in vitro tests, and the possible incorporation of this tool as an alternative method of antiparasitic control in an integrated control scheme of parasites.

Published
2022

5. Assessment of the efficacy in vitro of Duddingtonia flagrans isolate 03/99 in different doses of chlamydospores and faeces egg counts in faecal of sheep

Author

María Federica Sagüés, Inés Guerrero, Carlos Saumell, Milagros Junco, Sara Zegbi, Silvina Fernández, and Lucía Emilia Iglesias

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Infectivity, Veterinary medicine, fungi, Infective larvae, Biological pest control, Biology, 01 natural sciences, In vitro, Duddingtonia flagrans, Nematophagous fungus, Chlamydospore, 010602 entomology, Insect Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Feces, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The oral application of chlamydospores of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans allows reducing the number of infective larvae (L3) in faeces and decreases the infectivity of the pastures ...

Published
2020
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6. In vitro efficacy of different concentrations of Duddingtonia flagrans on varying egg densities of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle

Author

Carlos Saumell, Silvina Fernández, Lucía Emilia Iglesias, Sara Zegbi, Federica Sagües, and Inés Guerrero

Subjects
Infectivity, biology, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Immunology, Biological pest control, Cattle Diseases, General Medicine, Fungus, biology.organism_classification, Nematophagous fungus, Chlamydospore, Feces, Infectious Diseases, Animal science, Ascomycota, Parasite hosting, Animals, Parasitology, Cattle, Nematode Infections, Incubation, Parasite Egg Count
Abstract

The nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans, used for the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock, is fed to infected animals so its chlamydospores and the parasite eggs are voided together with faeces where the fungus preys on nematode larvae, thus reducing pasture infectivity. The number of chlamydospores needed for the fungus to be efficient in the presence of a wide range in numbers of parasitic eggs is largely unknown and a matter of discussion. The aim of this study was to determine the fungal efficacy of four different chlamydospore concentrations against three different levels of cattle faecal egg counts. Fungal concentrations of 11000, 6250, 3000 and 1000 chlamydospores/gram of faeces (cpg) were added to cultures containing 840, 480 or 100 eggs/gram of faeces (epg). After 14 days of incubation, the efficacy of D. flagrans, in decreasing order of chlamydospore concentrations, ranged from 100% (P 0.0001) to 77% (P 0.0999) in the 100 epg groups; 100% (P 0.0001) to 92% (P = 0.4625) in the 480 epg groups and 100% (P 0.0001) to 96% (P = 0.7081) in the 840 epg groups. The results indicate that the numbers of eggs in cattle faeces were not a determining factor on the fungal efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes.

Published
2020

7. Predatory effect of Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of gastro-intestinal parasites under sunny and shaded conditions

Author

María Federica Sagüés, Luis Fusé, Inés Guerrero, Carlos Saumell, Franco Bilotto, Alicia Silvina Fernández, L. E. Iglesias, and Sara Zegbi

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Nematoda, Rain, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, Biological pest control, Cattle Diseases, Ganadería, Biology, Poaceae, Pasture, Duddingtonia flagrans, Ciencias Biológicas, Chlamydospore, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Duddingtonia, Grazing, Animals, DUDDINGTONIA FLAGRANS, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Pest Control, Biological, Parasite Egg Count, Larva, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ciencias Veterinarias, Temperature, NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI, General Medicine, Producción Animal y Lechería, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Infectious Diseases, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Predatory Behavior, Sunlight, GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES, Cattle, Parasitology, Micología, Seasons, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, Gastro intestinal
Abstract

Duddingtonia flagrans is a natural strain of Nematophagous-Fungi isolated around the world. It has demonstrated efficacy and ease of use in laboratory as well as in field conditions. The fungus contributes to the prophylactic control of the worms by reducing the number of L3 on pasture. The aims of this study were to test and analyze the predatory effect of D. flagrans under sunny and shaded conditions on the L3 in the faeces, and to verify the reduction of translation to pasture during summer and winter seasons. Faecal Mass Units (FMUs) were assigned to two treated groups (groups treated with D. flagrans chlamydospores, TG) and two untreated groups (without D. flagrans chlamydospores, UG), in summer and winter, under sunny and shaded conditions. FMUs and herbage samples were taken for parasitological workup. Predatory activity of D. flagrans was evident under both conditions for the summer experiment but was not manifest for the winter experiment. In summer, an interaction between sunny and shaded conditions and predatory activity of D. flagrans was found. Environmental conditions on predatory activity should be considered when designing strategies for the implementation of D. flagrans in grazing systems to smooth the infectivity curve of L3. Fil: Bilotto, Franco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Fusé, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Sagüés, María Federica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Iglesias, Lucía Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Fernández, Alicia Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Zegbi, Sara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Guerrero, Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Saumell, Carlos Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina

Published
2018
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