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1. Assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms in neurologically impaired children with PEG using peptide versus casein based formulae

Author: Sara Tarek, Ayman E. Eskander, Alaa Mohamed Younis, Christine G. Salama, and Walaa ElNaggar
Subjects: Whey protein, Feeding tolerance, Neurological impairment, Swallowing ability, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Nutritional interventions are a key strategy for sustaining general health in children with neurological impairment. Whey-based formulae have been shown to reduce gastroesophageal reflux and accelerate gastric emptying. Casein protein, on the other hand, precipitates in the stomach's acidic environment, slowing down gastric emptying. Methods This is a prospective observational study that included 34 children with severe neurological impairment between 2–14 years old of both sexes who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (P.E.G) tube insertion, gastrointestinal dysfunction symptoms and nutritional status were compared after 6 months between those fed either peptide-based (100% whey) or casein-based formula. We aimed in the current study to determine whether peptide-based formula reduces gastroesophageal reflux episodes and improves symptoms of poor feeding tolerance compared to casein-based formula, and to evaluate the impact of both formulae on the nutritional status of those children. Results Using peptide-based, 100% whey protein formula was associated with improved feeding tolerance and reduced gastrointestinal issues such as constipation (p-value = 0.016), reflux, and vomiting episodes (p-value = 0.034). Unlike patients who obtained the casein-based formula, patients who received the peptide-based formula exhibited significant improvement in swallowing ability 6 months after PEG insertion when compared to pre-insertion (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion Whey-based formula is better recommended for neurologically impaired children who have poor swallowing abilities, constipation, reflux, and vomiting episodes.
Published: 2024
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2. EFFECT OF SIMULATED TOOTH BRUSHING AND ARABIC COFFEE THERMOCYCLING ON THE COLOUR OF LITHIUM DISILICATE AND TRANSLUCENT ZIRCONIA CERAMICS

Author: Sara Tarek Ahmed, Fawaz AL Qahtani, Assery Mansour K., Banasr Fahad H., Alaqeel Samer M., Almozainy Mayyadah, Alsarani M. Majed, and Bangalore Durgesh
Subjects: tooth brushing, arabic coffee, colour stability, lithium disilicate, zirconia, Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass, TP785-869
Abstract: This study evaluated and compared the effects of simulated tooth brushing and Arabic coffee thermocycling on the colour stability of lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia dental restorative materials. Sixty disc-shaped specimens (10×1.2 mm²) were fabricated from zirconia and lithium disilicate (N=30). The specimens from each material were allocated to three groups (n=10) based on the surface interventions - simulated tooth brushing (TB), Arabic coffee thermocycling (TC), and TC followed by TB (TC+TB) - to be received. The colour of the specimens was recorded at baseline and after the interventions using a spectrophotometer in 3D CIEL*a*b* colour space. The colour difference (ΔE) between the groups was statistically analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference post-hoc test (p˂0.05). The mean ΔE for both lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia was high after all the interventions (p˂0.05). The mean ΔE was high after TC+TB, followed by TB, and TC for both the tested materials. The overall mean ΔE was highest (1.98±0.92) in lithium disilicate after TC+TB and the least in translucent zirconia after TC (0.96±0.87). In comparison with translucent zirconia, the ΔE was highest in lithium disilicate after TC+TB followed by TB and the least in TC. For the lithium disilicate group, the mean ΔE was highest after TC+TB and the least after TC (p˂0.05). Similarly, the mean ΔE for the zirconia group was highest after TC+TB and the least after TC (p˃0.05). In comparison with the translucent zirconia, the ΔE was higher in lithium disilicate demonstrating lower colour stability. In conclusion, the combined effect of simulated tooth brushing and Arabic coffee thermocycling demonstrated the highest ΔE among the interventions, irrespective of the materials tested. Although the colour differences presented in the study were clinically perceptible following the interventions, the overall differences were clinically insignificant.
Published: 2024
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3. Tissue Doppler vs. conventional parameters for diagnosis of tamponading pericardial effusion: a cross-sectional study in tertiary referral center

Author: Ahmed Behairy, Amira Esmat El Tantawy, Asmaa Mahmoud Hamed, Antoine AbdelMassih, and Sara Tarek
Subjects: TDI, Cardiac tamponade, Point of care echocardiograph, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Conventional signs of tamponade include right ventricular and atrial collapse and respiratory variation in mitral inflow velocities. Despite being reliable, they are qualitative in nature and are not well correlated with clinical signs of deterioration or improvement. Tamponade is invariably preceded and associated with diastolic dysfunction, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can help in early detection of it, earlier than conventional signs. For this purpose, 36 patients presenting with pericardial effusion have been subjected to echocardiography, including effusion dimensions, presence or absence of routine signs of tamponade and TDI-derived LV and RV E/E′ ratios, as well as clinical signs of tamponade to test the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiographic parameters against them. Results Right atrial and ventricular collapse were the least accurate in the detection of tamponade, while effusion dimension > 14 mm was the most accurate among conventional parameters to point toward tamponade. RV and LV diastolic dysfunction as evidenced by E/E′ ratio showed 100% sensitivity in predicting tamponade, while LV E/E′ ratio showed the highest specificity (100%) in the same context. The higher diagnostic accuracy of LV E/E′ ratio might be also related to the presence of chronic kidney disease patients, with an already jeopardized LV function. Conclusions TDI technology is now available in most of the portable echocardiography machines and can serve as part of point-of-care echocardiography in the early detection of cardiac tamponade and in decision making for pericardiocentesis. Larger studies can help in consolidating the impression driven from our small-scale cross-sectional study.
Published: 2023
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4. Effect of phototherapy on eosinophils count in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (cross-sectional study)

Author: Sara Tarek, Dalia S. Mosallam, Doaa Saber, Nehal Diaa, Omnia Y. Abd El Dayem, and Samira Abdelmonem
Subjects: Jaundice, Phototherapy, Eosinophils, Neonates, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Neonatal jaundice is a common disorder in neonates. Phototherapy is associated with various side effects despite being safe. This research aimed to determine the impact of phototherapy (PT) on eosinophil levels in neonates treated for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Methods In this cross-sectional prospective study, icteric neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Abo-Elreesh Child Hospital, Cairo University, from July 2020 to June 2021 were assessed. Laboratory data, including serum bilirubin and blood cell differentiation for eosinophils before and after phototherapy, were collected, and demographic data like age, gender, gestational age, and duration of phototherapy were taken. Results Two hundred neonates were included in this study. Hyperbilirubinemia was most frequently related to ABO group incompatibility (44.5%). After phototherapy, total serum bilirubin and neutrophil levels were significantly decreased, and platelet levels were significantly increased. Eosinophil count and percent were significantly increased (p
Published: 2023
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5. Precipitating factors and outcome of acute asthma attack patients attended to the emergency unit at Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital in 2019 'before COVID era'

Author: Khaled Amin Nasef Ahmed, Iman Ali Abd El Aziz, Sara Tarek, Hager Mahmoud Abd El Fattah, and Ahmed Said Behairy
Subjects: Precipitating factors, Acute asthma attack, Emergency unit, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Asthma is a common and potentially serious chronic disease that imposes a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the community. Objectives The aim of this study was to find a correlation between precipitating factors of acute asthma attacks of patients attending to emergency departments and different factors such as socioeconomic status. Methods The study included patients 2–12 years old of both sexes who were already diagnosed with bronchial asthma coming to ER with acute asthmatic attacks. Data were collected by a questionnaire which includes personal data (name, age, and sex), anthropometric data, score for assessment of socioeconomic status (SES), symptoms of asthmatic attack, risk factors, mode and type of treatment, compliance to treatment, or evaluation of asthma severity and outcome of patients attending to ER. Results This study included 170 patients. Males represented 63.5% of the patients. The mean age of the patients was 5.4 ± 2.7 years. Our patients were distributed into the following: 65.9% were low SES, 22.9% were very low SES, and 11.2% were moderate SES. As regards presenting symptoms of the study group, all the patients (100%) presented to ER with cough, while 88.2% of them presented with wheezes, 85.8% presented with dyspnea, 21.2% of them presented with tightness, and only 0.01% presented with cyanosis. As regards precipitating factors of asthma, the most common precipitating factors among our patients causing attending to ER were irritant inhalers (72.4%), passive smoking (60.6%), exercise (70.5%), certain foods (45.3%), upper respiratory tract infection (12.9%), and non-compliance to asthma treatment (85.2%). The most common causes of non-compliance to treatment were family negligence and illiteracy (34.1%) and poor socioeconomic conditions (17.1%). The majority of patients (96.5%) who could be stabilized with medications were discharged, whereas a merged proportion of critically ill patients (3.5%) required ICU admission. However, no deaths were reported. Conclusion The most common precipitating factors of our patients that led to more attending to ER in the previous 6 months were exercise, irritant inhalers, and non-compliance to asthma treatment.
Published: 2023
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6. Frequency of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study

Author: Sara Tarek, Ayman E. Eskander, Safa Meshaal, Eman Badr, and Asmaa Abd El-Hakeem
Subjects: Hepatitis C virus infection, Inflammatory bowel disease, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) are believed to be at higher risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection not only due to using of immunosuppressive drugs but also because of repeated blood transfusion and endoscopic and other invasive procedures used for diagnoses and effective controlling of the disease, so this study aimed to assess the frequency of HCV infection, in patients with PIBD at the New Children’s Hospital, Cairo University, and identify the potential risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional analytic study included 165 IBD patients between 1 and 16 years old of both sexes who were attending the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic in the New Children’s University Hospital, Cairo University. All patients were screened for anti-HCV antibodies using ELISA. Factors related to IBD (severity, modalities of the treatment, and invasive procedures), to infection (blood transfusion history and family history of hepatitis), and liver enzymes were registered. The risk factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Present and/or past HCV infection was found in five (3%) of the IBD patients. The multivariate logistic regression to detect independent predictors of HCV +ve antibodies patients had statistically significant value with number of hospital admission related to IBD with p-value = 0.002, odd ratio (OR) = 1.467, and confidence interval (CI) = 95% (1.145–1.879) and with number of hospital admission unrelated to IBD with p-value = 0.024, OR = 0.750, and CI 95% (0.585–0.963). Conclusion The frequency of HCV infection in PIBD patients was 3%. Thus, the frequency of HCV infection in PIBD patients is similar to that in the normal population of the developing countries, and it is strongly related to hospital admission due to IBD or non-IBD causes.
Published: 2023
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7. Health Promoting Qualities Framework for Blue and Green Landscapes: Applying Perceived Restorativeness on a Case Study of Nile Riverfront in Greater Cairo Region

Author: Sara Tarek
Subjects: blue and green landscapes, riverfront, perceived restrictiveness scale, perceived sensory dimensions, attention restoration theory, supportive environment theory, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Blue and green landscapes contribute to the quality of life of cities in different positive ways. It has environmental, social, and visual benefits that affect directly the physical and psychological health of city residents in one way or another, in addition to providing ecological benefits for their surroundings. There are plenty of previous studies that investigated the different health characteristics of blue and green spaces. However, there is still a need for more interdisciplinary studies to measure the long-term effect of blue and green landscapes together on the health of their users. Therefore, the presented study aims to investigate and measure the direct impact of blue and green landscapes on the health and wellbeing using Perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) and perceived restorativeness scales (PRS). The research adopts both qualitative and quantitative analysis as a methodological approach. It follows a methodology that consists of three parts. First a critical review of relevant literature focusing on different theories related to health qualities of landscapes. Then the second part is identifying different health-promoting aspects and qualities of waterfront green areas. Finally, investigating the concluded qualities empirically and their impact on the health of its users using a case study research design for selected areas on the riverfront of the Nile in Greater Cairo Region (GCR). Accordingly, the study develops a framework to adopt and assess the health benefits of riverfront green areas. The work points out the potential of blue and green landscapes for achieving restorative qualities and enhancing health of residents in contemporary cities.
Published: 2022
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8. Towards applying smart mobility solutions in Egypt: An integrative framework and a case study application

Author: Sara Tarek and Tarek Ibrahim Nasreldin
Subjects: Smart cities, Smart urban mobility, Smart systems, Transportation, Sustainable mobility, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: The presented study proposes a framework for applying smart mobility in contemporary urban contexts. It starts with a literature investigation and analysis; subsequently, it synthesizes the main key findings into a framework for applying smart mobility comprising five main dimensions, seven patterns, and 34 attributes. Then it applied a survey to investigate the applicability of 34 smart mobility attributes in two selected districts in Greater Cairo Region. Results of the presented work highlight the degree of existence of smart mobility attributes in the selected districts, through site visits and community survey. Also, the five smart mobility dimensions are shown to be important regarding experts’ ratings which ranged from 3.5 to 4.7. In addition to smart mobility objectives which ratings ranged from 3.5 to 4.6. Finally, the study compared experts’ and users’ ratings for travel efficiency attributes. Moreover, it points out the potential of smart mobility applications in the Egyptian context.
Published: 2023
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9. Investigation on Java Mutation Testing Tools

Author: Sara Tarek ElSayed Abbas, Rohayanti Hassan, Shahliza Abd Halim, Shahreen Kasim, and Rohaizan Ramlan
Subjects: mutation testing, mutation score, pit tool, µjava tool, junit., Computer software, QA76.75-76.765
Abstract: Software Testing is one of the most significant phases within the software development life cycle since software bugs can be costly and traumatic. However, the traditional software testing process is not enough on its own as some undiscovered faults might still exist due to the test cases’ inability to detect all underlying faults. Amidst the various proposed techniques of test suites’ efficiency detection comes mutation testing, one of the most effective approaches as declared by many researchers. Nevertheless, there is not enough research on how well the mutation testing tools adhere to the theory of mutation or how well their mutation operators are performing the tasks they were developed for. This research paper presents an investigative study on two different mutation testing tools for Java programming language, namely PIT and µJava. The study aims to point out the weaknesses and strengths of each tool involved through performing mutation testing on four different open-source Java programs to identify the best mutation tool among them. The study aims to further identify and compare the mutation operators of each tool by calculating the mutation score. That is, the operators’ performance is evaluated with the mutation score, with the presumption that the more prominent the number of killed mutants is, the higher the mutation score, thus the more effective the mutation operator and the affiliated tool.
Published: 2022
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10. Biophilic smart cities: the role of nature and technology in enhancing urban resilience

Author: Sara Tarek and Ahmed Salah El-Din Ouf
Subjects: Biophilic cities, Digital technology, Restorative urbanism, Smart cities, Urban resilience, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Abstract The purpose of the study is to identify the main indicators and aspects for applying biophilic and smart solutions in city planning and design to achieve urban resilience. This research investigates the main definitions, elements, and attributes for biophilic design and smart city planning that help in developing resilience strategies for healthier urban environments. This study follows a methodology that comprises two approaches; first a concise review definition and principles of urban resilience. Then investigating the notions of biophilic and smart approaches to achieve healthier urban environments. Second, an analytical approach that proposes a framework for applying biophilic and smart city indicators to achieve urban resilience. The proposed framework highlights the achieved adaptive capacities for resilient cities due to adopting biophilic and smart solutions. The research results highlight a proposed relationship between principles of urban resilience, biophilic city indicators, and smart city indicators.
Published: 2021
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11. Impact of preoperative nutritional status on surgical outcomes in patients with pediatric gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Nehal El Koofy, Hadeer Mohamed Nasr Eldin, Wesam Mohamed, Mostafa Gad, Sara Tarek, and Gamal El Tagy
Subjects: nutritional assessment, anthropometric measures, strongkids score, postoperative complications, pediatric gastrointestinal surgical patients, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Background Malnutrition has a high incidence among pediatric surgical patients and contributes to increased risks of postoperative complications and extended hospital stays. Purpose The present study aimed to determine the influence of preoperative nutritional status on the postoperative outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent elective gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital. According to the designated inclusion criteria, 75 surgical cases of both sexes were included. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered. This questionnaire included 3 main sections: demographic data and nutritional status parameters at admission and discharge. Pre- and postoperative nutritional statuses were compared. Results According to both the subjective global nutritional assessment and STRONGKIDS score Questioner, more than 60% of patients in the upper GI patient group were at risk of malnutrition. Wasting status was most common in the upper GI patient group (67%; vs. 39.1% in the lower GI group). Underweight status was more common in the hepatobiliary and upper GI patient groups (nearly 50% for each group) than in the lower GI group (30.4%). On the other hand, stunted patients had a higher incidence of complications and a prolonged hospital stay (P=0.003 and P=0.037, respectively), while underweight lower GI patients experienced a prolonged hospital stay (P=0.02). A higher proportion of patients with preoperative anemia than those without preoperative anemia required a blood transfusion (P=0.003). Conclusion Nutritional assessment is a crucial component of pediatric surgical patient management. Both underweight and wasting statuses were more common among hepatobiliary and upper GI patients. Postoperative complications and a long hospital stay were more common among stunted patients.
Published: 2021
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12. Gene expression based cancer classification

Author: Sara Tarek, Reda Abd Elwahab, and Mahmoud Shoman
Subjects: Microarrays, Cancer, Classification, Gene expression, Feature selection, Ensemble, K-NN, Bioinformatics, Computer science, Machine learning, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: Cancer classification based on molecular level investigation has gained the interest of researches as it provides a systematic, accurate and objective diagnosis for different cancer types. Several recent researches have been studying the problem of cancer classification using data mining methods, machine learning algorithms and statistical methods to reach an efficient analysis for gene expression profiles. Studying the characteristics of thousands of genes simultaneously offered a deep insight into cancer classification problem. It introduced an abundant amount of data ready to be explored. It has also been applied in a wide range of applications such as drug discovery, cancer prediction and diagnosis which is a very important issue for cancer treatment. Besides, it helps in understanding the function of genes and the interaction between genes in normal and abnormal conditions. That is done by monitoring the behavior of genes -gene expression data- under different conditions. In this paper, an effective ensemble approach is proposed. Ensemble classifiers increase not only the performance of the classification, but also the confidence of the results. The motivations beyond using ensemble classifiers are that the results are less dependent on peculiarities of a single training set and because the ensemble system outperforms the performance of the best base classifier in the ensemble.
Published: 2017
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13. EFFECT OF SIMULATED TOOTH BRUSHING AND ARABIC COFFEE THERMOCYCLING ON THE COLOUR OF LITHIUM DISILICATE AND TRANSLUCENT ZIRCONIA CERAMICS

Author: Ahmed, Sara Tarek, primary
Published: 2024
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14. Smart Eco-cities Conceptual Framework to Achieve UN-SDGs: A Case Study Application in Egypt

Author: Sara Tarek
Subjects: Architecture, Civil and Structural Engineering
Published: 2023
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15. Basic anthropometry, micronutrients status and growth velocity of patients with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective cohort study

Author: Nehal M, El Koofy, Eman Mohamed Ibraheim, Moawad, Noha A, Yassin, Mohammad N, Almohammady, Gehan S, Ibrahim, Fatma A, El Mougy, Ahmed A, El Ayadi, and Sara, Tarek
Subjects: Gastroenterology, Humans, Micronutrients, Prospective Studies, Child, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abstract: Failure of optimal growth and lack of appropriate weight gain are major nutritional problems in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, this study was designed to assess the nutritional and growth status of patients with very-early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) before and after individual-based nutritional interventions.This prospective cohort study assessed the nutritional status of 30 pediatric patients with VEO-IBD by performing comprehensive clinical examinations and evaluating anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The latter included the initial evaluation of serum albumin, prealbumin, minerals, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. A 24-month nutritional strategy was designed for each patient. Patients who completed the study were reassessed after 6 months and their growth rate was calculated 2 years later.The initial assessment of malnutrition severity using the World Health Organization's z-score revealed that 36.7%, 43.3%, and 26.7% of the study group were underweight, stunted, and wasted, respectively. Among the study population, Crohn's disease has the highest prevalence. Almost all patients had micronutrient deficiencies (i.e., iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D) and subnormal serum levels of nutritional markers (i.e., prealbumin and albumin). Six months after the intervention, a significant improvement in anthropometric and biochemical parameters was detected (p 0.05); nevertheless, the calculated growth rate revealed a considerable decrease after 2 years.The early detection of nutritional impairment in patients with VEO-IBD remains a major challenge. Therefore, nutritional support and constant monitoring of these patients are necessary to ensure the improvement in their nutritional status and achieve an acceptable growth rate. Furthermore, we found that prealbumin could be a good discriminative tool for screening malnutrition in such patients.
Published: 2022
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16. EVALUATION OF POST OPERATIVE PAIN AFTER OBTURATION USING TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEALER: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Author: Alsayed Amin, Sara Tarek Mohamed, Kataia, Mohamed Medhat, and Khalil, Hala Fayek
Subjects: *CLINICAL trials, *POSTOPERATIVE pain, *TOOTHACHE
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of bioceramic and resin based sealers on postendodontic pain after endodontic treatment performed in single visit. Methods: In this study, forty patients in need of endodontic therapy were chosen. single visit endodontic treatment was done for the patients but obturated using two different types of sealers: in Group 1: AH Plus sealer was used and in Group 2: EndoSequence BC sealer Hiflow was used. Post endodontic pain was measured for 12,24,48 and 72 hours postoperatively. Results: Both sealer groups' post-endodontic pain levels did not significantly differ from one another. Conclusions: Both AH Plus and Endosequence BC sealer Hiflow perform similarly in terms of the incidence and severity of postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP). Endodontics performed in a single visit can utilise any type of both sealers without worrying about pain following obturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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17. Using Landscape Qualities to Enhance Walkability in Two Types of Egyptian Urban Communities

Author: Dina Salem, Sara I. Khalifa, and Sara Tarek
Subjects: Architecture, Civil and Structural Engineering
Published: 2022
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18. EVALUATING THE FREQUENCY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE PRESENTING WITH DIARRHEAL DISEASE

Author: HALA MANSOUR, NEHAL EL KOOFY, ZAHRAA EZZELDIN, MOUSA ISMAIL, AZZA YOUNIS, MARWA HASSAN, ABEER AL-ANTABLY, AYMAN ESKANDER, SARA TAREK, and ENAS RIZK
Published: 2022
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19. Awareness of Fixed Partial Dentures and Implant Rehabilitation of Missing Teeth Among a Subset of Saudi Population

Author: Mahesh Suganna, Sara Tarek Ahmed, Hina Kausher, Abbasi Begum Meer Rownaq Ali, Yasmine Tarek Ahmed, Lulu Almuhaysh, Maryam Yousef, and Reem Albgomi
Subjects: General Engineering
Published: 2023
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20. Contemporary Evidence of CAD-CAM in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Author: Mahesh Suganna, Hina Kausher, Sara Tarek Ahmed, Haifa Sultan Alharbi, Bushra Faraj Alsubaie, Aruna DS, Shaista Haleem, and Abbasi Begum Meer Rownaq Ali
Subjects: General Engineering
Abstract: In this systematic review, we compare the quality and accuracy of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques currently employed in dentistry with those of traditional materials. Published literature on the study topic was searched in the online MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane library databases and the database of Indian Council of Medical Research. For this systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework was applied for the assessment of studies fit for investigation. Of the total 103 papers searched, 54 underwent in-depth evaluation. Using criteria for what to include and what to leave out, we chose research that was relevant to our review and narrowed it down to 14 papers that met the review's guidelines. According to our findings and the analysis of the chosen articles, the prospects and current advances of CAD/CAM technology are fascinating and are revolutionizing the field of dentistry. Even though researchers are excited, it is important to make sure that different materials have been tested and looked at well enough before making firm claims and choices to replace materials that have been made in the past. Based on previous research, it has been determined that the CAD/CAM methodology used in the dental field is the most popular method at the moment since it is quick, simple, and efficient. Since there are different kinds of CAD/CAM systems, it is very important to choose the right one and come up with a good plan for treating a patient.
Published: 2022

21. Impact of preoperative nutritional status on surgical outcomes in patients with pediatric gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Sara Tarek, Wesam Mohamed, Mostafa Gad, Gamal H. El Tagy, Hadeer Mohamed Nasr Eldin, and Nehal El Koofy
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, strongkids score, anthropometric measures, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, medicine, postoperative complications, In patient, Wasting, Nutrition, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Nutritional status, medicine.disease, Surgery, Malnutrition, nutritional assessment, pediatric gastrointestinal surgical patients, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Original Article, Observational study, medicine.symptom, Underweight, business
Abstract: Background Malnutrition has a high incidence among pediatric surgical patients and contributes to increased risks of postoperative complications and extended hospital stays. Purpose The present study aimed to determine the influence of preoperative nutritional status on the postoperative outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent elective gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital. According to the designated inclusion criteria, 75 surgical cases of both sexes were included. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered. This questionnaire included three main sections: demographic data and nutritional status parameters at admission and discharge. Pre- and postoperative nutritional statuses were compared. Results According to both the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment and STRONGKIDS score Questioner, more than 60% of patients in the upper GI patient group were at risk of malnutrition. Wasting status was most common in the upper GI patient group (67%; versus 39.1% in the lower GI group). Underweight status was more common in the hepatobiliary and upper GI patient groups (nearly 50% for each group) than in the lower GI group (30.4%). On the other hand, stunted patients had a higher incidence of complications and a prolonged hospital stay (P = 0.003 and P = 0.037, respectively), while underweight lower GI patients experienced a prolonged hospital stay (P = 0.02). A higher proportion of patients with preoperative anemia than those without preoperative anemia required a blood transfusion (P = 0.003). Conclusion Nutritional assessment is a crucial component of pediatric surgical patient management. Both underweight and wasting statuses were more common among hepatobiliary and upper GI patients. Postoperative complications and a long hospital stay were more common among stunted patients.
Published: 2021

22. Investigation on Java Mutation Testing Tools

Author: Abbas, Sara Tarek ElSayed, primary, Hassan, Rohayanti, additional, Halim, Shahliza Abd, additional, Kasim, Shahreen, additional, and Ramlan, Rohaizan, additional
Published: 2022
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23. Face analyzer 3D: Automatic facial profile detection and occlusion classification for dental purposes

Author: Abduallah Elmaraghy, Ganna Ayman, Mohamed Khaled, Sara Tarek, Maha Sayed, Mennat Allah Hassan, Yomna M.I. Hassan, and Mostafa Hussin Kamel
Published: 2022
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24. Factors affecting the outcome of endoscopic dilatation in refractory post-corrosive oesophageal stricture in Egyptian children: a single-centre study

Author: Ayman E Eskander, Amera M Hasnoon, Dalia Abd El-Kareem, Sara Tarek, Nabil A. Mohsen, and Asmaa Abd El-Hakeem
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Caustics, Aftercare, Complex Mixtures, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oesophageal stricture, Refractory, Burns, Chemical, medicine, Humans, Child, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Endoscopic dilatation, Corrosive substance, Dilatation, Endoscopy, Surgery, Single centre, Treatment Outcome, Cardiothoracic surgery, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Esophageal Stenosis, Egypt, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Complication, business
Abstract: An important complication of corrosive ingestion is oesophageal stricture. Improvements in endoscopes and accessories have supported an increase in the number of patients who are conservatively treated with endoscopic dilations. In this study, we aimed to detect factors affecting the outcome of endoscopic dilatation for refractory post-corrosive oesophageal stricture. This study was carried out in the Paediatric Endoscopy Unit in the Children’s Hospital and included 100 children older than 2 years of age of both sexes who had an established diagnosis of post-corrosive oesophageal stricture on repeated endoscopic dilatation sessions. The duration of the condition was more than 6 months, and dilatation failed to achieve a diameter of 14 mm during the first five sessions at 2-week intervals (refractory), excluding other causes of oesophageal stricture. Males represented 63% of patients. The mean age of enrolled children was 5.9 ± 2.6 years; 90% of patients ingested an alkaline corrosive substance (potash). The total number of dilatation sessions ranged from 16 to 100, with a mean number of sessions ranging from 37.2 ± 14.9. Fifty-four patients (54%) were well controlled by regular endoscopic dilatation with good clinical and endoscopic outcomes, and no more dilatations were needed. Endoscopic dilation is an effective method for managing refractory post-corrosive oesophageal strictures that require a long follow-up period. There are a lot of factors affecting the outcome.
Published: 2020
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25. Assessment of EEG Changes in Neonatal Sepsis at Al-Zahraa University Hospital’s NIC Unit

Author: Marwa El-Hady Abd El Moneim, Sara Tarek Mohamed Mohamed, Zeinab Farag Oshaiba, and Asmaa Abd El Wakeel Ibrahim
Subjects: Asphyxia, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Neonatal sepsis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gestational age, Late onset, Electroencephalography, Jaundice, medicine.disease, Sepsis, Inborn error of metabolism, medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background: EEG is one of the most sensitive instrumental techniques for identifying sepsis-related neurological complications and a valuable tool in the ICU when clinical assessment is difficult. Aim of the Study: To detect EEG changes in neonates with evidence of sepsis. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective observational study for detecting EEG changes in cases of proven neonatal sepsis. This study was conducted at the NICU of Al Zahraa University Hospital for a period from October 2019 to March 2020. Our studied neonates were 50. This study included full-term newborns (37 to 42 weeks of gestational age) with clinical and laboratory evidence of sepsis (early and late onset). Neonatal birth asphyxia, jaundice, congenital malformations, suspected inborn error of metabolism and neonates electrolytes disturbances were excluded from the study. We record EEG changes during 20 min By an electroencephalogram (EEG) with abioelectric amplifier (Deltamed, Bourgogne), (Philips) Screen. Results: Among our studied neonates (neonates with evidence sepsis), 44.0% developed clinical seizures, 81% of the seizures group had abnormal EEG, 35.7% of No seizures group had abnormal EEG. Among our studied neonates, 56% had abnormal EEG EEG abnormalities were as follow, 26%/ had low voltage, 30% had spikes, 22% had sharp waves. Conclusion: About 35% (one third) of neonates who didn’t develop clinical seizures had abnormal EEG, suggesting a poor correlation between clinical and electroencephalographic detection of seizures.
Published: 2020
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26. The Main Indicators Affecting Interactive Experience Design in Contemporary Urban Spaces Using Media Interventions

Author: Sara Tarek
Published: 2022
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27. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author: Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Robert G Gish, Frank Lammert, Herbert Tilg, Mindie H Nguyen, Shiv K Sarin, Núria Fabrellas, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Jian-Gao Fan, Gamal Shiha, Giovanni Targher, Ming-Hua Zheng, Wah-Kheong Chan, Shlomo Vinker, Takumi Kawaguchi, Laurent Castera, Yusuf Yilmaz, Marko Korenjak, C Wendy Spearman, Mehmet Ungan, Melissa Palmer, Mortada El-Shabrawi, Hans-Juergen Gruss, Jean-François Dufour, Anil Dhawan, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jacob George, Luca Valenti, Yasser Fouad, Manuel Romero‐Gomez, Mohammed Eslam, Maria Lorena Abate, Bahaa Abbas, Ahmed Amr Abbassy, Waleed Abd El Ghany, Amira Abd Elkhalek, Emad Abd ElMajeed, Mohammad Abdalgaber, Mohamed AbdAllah, Marwa Abdallah, Nourhan Abdallah, Shereen Abdelaleem, Yasser Abdelghani, Wael Abdelghany, Safaa Mohamed Abdelhalim, Wafaa Abdelhamid, Nehal Abdelhamid, Nadia A. Abdelkader, Elsayed Abdelkreem, Aly Mohamed Abdelmohsen, Awny Ali Abdelrahman, Sherief M Abd-elsalam, Doaa Abdeltawab, Abdulbaset Abduh, Nada Abdulhakam, Maheeba Abdulla, Navid Abedpoor, Ludovico Abenavoli, Fredrik Åberg, Omala Ablack, Mostafa Abo elftouh, Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer, Ashraf Aboubkr, Alaa Aboud, Amr M. Abouelnaga, Galal A. Aboufarrag, Ashraf Aboutaleb, Leticia Abundis, Gupse Adalı, Enrique Adames, Leon Adams, Danjuma Adda, Noor Adel, Nada Adel, Muhammad Adel Sayed, Taiba Jibril Afaa, Nawal Afredj, Gulnara Aghayeva, Alessio Aghemo, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Golo Ahlenstiel, Walid Ahmady, Wafaa Ahmed, Amira Ahmed, Samah Nasser Ahmed, Heba Mostafa Ahmed, Rasha Ahmed, Elmar Aigner, Mesut Akarsu, Maisam Akroush, Umit Akyuz, Mamun Al Mahtab, Tahani Al Qadiri, Yusriya Al Rawahi, Razzaq AL rubaee, Muna Al Saffar, Shahinul Alam, Zaid Al-Ani, Agustín Albillos, Mohamed Alboraie, Said Al-Busafi, Mohamed Al-Emam, Jawaher Alharthi, Kareem Ali, Basma Abdelmoez Ali, Mohammad Ali, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Anna Alisi, Ali Raad AL-Khafaji, Maryam Alkhatry, Rocio Aller, Yahya Almansoury, Khalid Al-Naamani, Alaa Alnakeeb, Anna Alonso, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Leina Alrabadi, Khalid Alswat, Mahir Altaher, Turki Altamimi, Jose Altamirano, Mario R. Alvares-da-Silva, Elsragy Adel M. Aly, Amgad Alzahaby, Ahmed Alzamzamy, Keisuke Amano, Maysa A. Amer, Mona A. Amin, Sayed A. Amin, Ashraf A. Amir, Javier Ampuero, Noha Anas, Pietro Andreone, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Mahmoud Anees, Peltec Angela, Manal Antonios, Wael Arafat, Jose Moreno Araya, Juan Armendariz-Borunda, Matthew J. Armstrong, Hassan Ashktorab, Patricia Aspichueta, Fathia Assal, Mira Atef, Dina Attia, Hoda Atwa, Reham Awad, Mohyeldeen Abd Elaziz Awad, Sally Awny, Obafemi Awolowo, Yaw Asante Awuku, Ibrahim Ayada, Than Than Aye, Sherif Ayman, Hedy Ayman, Hesham Ayoub, Hosny M. Azmy, Romiro P. Babaran, Omneya Badreldin, Ahmed Badry, İbrahim Halil Bahçecioğlu, Amira Bahour, Jiajia Bai, Yasemin Balaban, Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam, Khaled Bamakhrama, Jesus M Banales, Babu Bangaru, Jianfeng Bao, Jorge Suazo Barahona, Salma Barakat, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Bikwa Barbra, Beatriz Barranco, Francisco Barrera, Ulrich Baumann, Shamardan Bazeed, Eva Bech, Aourarh Benayad, Andreas Benesic, David Bernstein, Fernando Bessone, Susie Birney, Cyrille Bisseye, Martin Blake, Bilal Bobat, Leonilde Bonfrate, Dmitry S Bordin, Francisco Bosques-Padilla, Jerome Boursier, Boushab Mohamed Boushab, David Bowen, Patricia Medina Bravo, Paul N Brennan, Bisi Bright, Ilse Broekaert, Xabier Buque, Diego Burgos-Santamaría, Julio Burman, Luca Busetto, Chris D. Byrne, Patricia Anne I. Cabral-Prodigalidad, Guillermo Cabrera-Alvarez, Wei Cai, Francesca Cainelli, Ali Riza Caliskan, Ali Canbay, Ana Cano-Contreras, Hai-Xia Cao, Zhujun Cao, Andres Carrion, Francesca Carubbi, Teresa Casanovas, Marlen Ivón Castellanos Fernández, Jin Chai, Siew Pheng Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Norberto Chavez-Tapia, Kazuaki Chayama, Jinjun Chen, Lin Chen, Zhong-Wei Chen, Huiting Chen, Sui-Dan Chen, Qiang Chen, Yaxi Chen, Gang Chen, En-Quang Chen, Fei Chen, Pei-Jer Chen, Robert Cheng, Wendy Cheng, Jack Tan Wei Chieh, Imad Chokr, Evangelos Cholongitas, Ashok Choudhury, Abhijit Chowdhury, Evaristus Sunday Chukwudike, Stefano Ciardullo, Michelle Clayton, Karine Clement, Marie Michelle Cloa, Cecilia Coccia, Cristina Collazos, Massimo Colombo, Arif Mansur Cosar, Helma Pinchemel Cotrim, Joris Couillerot, Alioune Coulibaly, Gonzalo Crespo, Javier Crespo, Maria Cruells, Ian Homer Y. Cua, Hesham K. 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Esmat, Enrique Carrera Estupiñan, Said Ettair, Tcaciuc Eugen, Mohammed Ezz-Eldin, Lidia Patricia Valdivieso Falcón, Yu-Chen Fan, Samah Fandari, Mahmoud Farag, Taghreed Mohamed Farahat, Eman M. Fares, Michael Fares, Eduardo Fassio, Hayam Fathy, Dina Fathy, Wael Fathy, Soheir Fayed, Dan Feng, Gong Feng, Miguel Fernández-Bermejo, Cristina Targa Ferreira, Javier Díaz Ferrer, Alastair Forbes, Rabab Fouad, Hanan M. Fouad, Tove Frisch, Hideki Fujii, Shuhei Fukunaga, Shinya Fukunishi, Hacer Fulya, Masato Furuhashi, Yasmine Gaber, Augusto Jose G. Galang, Jacqueline Cordova Gallardo, Rocío Galloso, Mahmoud Gamal, Reham Gamal, Hadeel Gamal, Jian Gan, Anar Ganbold, Xin Gao, George Garas, Tony Garba, Miren García-Cortes, Carmelo García-Monzón, Javier García-Samaniego, Amalia Gastaldelli, Manuel Gatica, Elizabeth Gatley, Tamar Gegeshidze, Bin Geng, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Salma Ghoneem, Luca Giacomelli, Gianluigi Giannelli, Edoardo G. 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Hawal, Jinfan He, Qiong He, Yong He, Fang-Ping He, Mona Hegazy, Adham Hegazy, Osama Henegil, Nelia Hernández, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Fatima Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Ibrahim Hindy, Keisuke Hirota, Lee Chi Ho, Alexander Hodge, Mohamed Hosny, Xin Hou, Jiao-Feng Huang, Yan Huang, Zhifeng Huang, Yuan Huang, Ang Huang, Xiao-Ping Huang, Sheng Hui-ping, Bela Hunyady, Mennatallah A. Hussein, Osama Hussein, Shahinaz Mahmoud Hussien, Luis Ibáñez-Samaniego, Jamal Ibdah, Luqman Ibrahim, Miada Ibrahim, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Maria E. Icaza-Chávez, Sahar Idelbi, Ramazan Idilman Idilman, Mayumi Ikeda, Giuseppe Indolfi, Federica Invernizzi, Iram Irshad, Hasan Mohamed Ali Isa, Natacha Jreige Iskandar, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Mariam Ismail, Zulkifli Ismail, Faisal Ismail, Hideki Iwamoto, Kathryn Jack, Rachael Jacob, Fuad Jafarov, Wasim Jafri, Helen Jahshan, Prasun K Jalal, Ligita Jancoriene, Martin Janicko, Hiruni Jayasena, Meryem Jefferies, Vivekanand Jha, Fanpu Ji, Yaqiu Ji, Jidong Jia, Changtao Jiang, Ni Jiang, Zong-zhe Jiang, Xing Jin, Yi Jin, Xu Jing, Qian Jingyu, Maia Jinjolava, FX Himawan Haryanto Jong, Alina Jucov, Ibecheole Julius, Mona Kaddah, Yoshihiro Kamada, Abobakr kamal, Enas Mohamed Kamal, Ashraf Sayed Kamel, Jia-Horng Kao, Maja Karin, Thomas Karlas, Mohammad Kashwaa, Leolin Katsidzira, Eda Kaya, M.Azzam Kayasseh, Bernadette Keenan, Caglayan Keklikkiran, William Keml, Deia K. Khalaf, Rofida Khalefa, Sherin Khamis, Doaa Khater, Hamed khattab, Anatoly Khavkin, Olga Khlynova, Nabil Khmis, Nazarii Kobyliak, Apostolos Koffas, Kazuhiko Koike, Kenneth Y.Y. Kok, Tomas Koller, Narcisse Patrice Komas, Nataliya V. Korochanskaya, Yannoula Koulla, Shunji Koya, Colleen Kraft, Bledar Kraja, Marcin Krawczyk, Mohammad Shafi Kuchay, Anand V Kulkarni, Ashish Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Sulaiman Lakoh, Philip Lam, Ling Lan, Naomi F. Lange, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Nicolas Lanthier, Kateryna Lapshyna, Sameh A. Lashen, Konang Nguieguia Justine Laure, Leonid Lazebnik, Didier Lebrec, Samuel S. 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Alkhatry, M, Aller, R, Almansoury, Y, Al-Naamani, K, Alnakeeb, A, Alonso, A, Alqahtani, S, Alrabadi, L, Alswat, K, Altaher, M, Altamimi, T, Altamirano, J, Alvares-da-Silva, M, Aly, E, Alzahaby, A, Alzamzamy, A, Amano, K, Amer, M, Amin, M, Amin, S, Amir, A, Ampuero, J, Anas, N, Andreone, P, Andriamandimby, S, Anees, M, Angela, P, Antonios, M, Arafat, W, Araya, J, Armendariz-Borunda, J, Armstrong, M, Ashktorab, H, Aspichueta, P, Assal, F, Atef, M, Attia, D, Atwa, H, Awad, R, Awad, M, Awny, S, Awolowo, O, Awuku, Y, Ayada, I, Aye, T, Ayman, S, Ayman, H, Ayoub, H, Azmy, H, Babaran, R, Badreldin, O, Badry, A, Bahcecioglu, I, Bahour, A, Bai, J, Balaban, Y, Balasubramanyam, M, Bamakhrama, K, Banales, J, Bangaru, B, Bao, J, Barahona, J, Barakat, S, Barbalho, S, Barbra, B, Barranco, B, Barrera, F, Baumann, U, Bazeed, S, Bech, E, Benayad, A, Benesic, A, Bernstein, D, Bessone, F, Birney, S, Bisseye, C, Blake, M, Bobat, B, Bonfrate, L, Bordin, D, Bosques-Padilla, F, Boursier, J, Boushab, B, Bowen, D, Bravo, P, Brennan, P, Bright, B, Broekaert, I, Buque, X, Burgos-Santamaria, D, Burman, J, Busetto, L, Byrne, C, Cabral-Prodigalidad, P, Cabrera-Alvarez, G, Cai, W, Cainelli, F, Caliskan, A, Canbay, A, Cano-Contreras, A, Cao, H, Cao, Z, Carrion, A, Carubbi, F, Casanovas, T, Castellanos Fernandez, M, Chai, J, Chan, S, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Chavez-Tapia, N, Chayama, K, Chen, J, Chen, L, Chen, Z, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Q, Chen, Y, Chen, G, Chen, E, Chen, F, Chen, P, Cheng, R, Cheng, W, Chieh, J, Chokr, I, Cholongitas, E, Choudhury, A, Chowdhury, A, Chukwudike, E, Ciardullo, S, Clayton, M, Clement, K, Cloa, M, Coccia, C, Collazos, C, Colombo, M, Cosar, A, Cotrim, H, Couillerot, J, Coulibaly, A, Crespo, G, Crespo, J, Cruells, M, Cua, I, Dabbous, H, Dalekos, G, D'Alia, P, Dan, L, Dao, V, Darwish, M, Datz, C, Davalos-Moscol, M, Dawoud, H, de Careaga, B, de Knegt, R, de Ledinghen, V, de Silva, J, Debzi, N, Decraecker, M, Del Pozo, E, Delgado, T, Delgado-Blanco, M, Dembinski, L, Depina, A, Derbala, M, Desalegn, H, Desbois-Mouthon, C, Desoky, M, Dev, A, Di Ciaula, A, Diago, M, Diallo, I, Diaz, L, Dirchwolf, M, Dongiovanni, P, Dorofeyev, A, Dou, X, Douglas, M, Doulberis, M, Dovia, C, Doyle, A, Dragojevic, I, Drenth, J, Duan, X, Dulskas, A, Dumitrascu, D, Duncan, O, Dusabejambo, V, Dwawhi, R, Eiketsu, S, El Amrousy, D, El Deeb, A, El Deriny, G, El Din, H, El Kamshishy, S, El Kassas, M, El Raziky, M, Elagamy, O, Elakel, W, Elalfy, D, Elaraby, H, Elawady, H, Elbadawy, R, Eldash, H, Eldefrawy, M, Elecharri, C, Elfaramawy, A, Elfatih, M, Elfiky, M, Elgamsy, M, Elgendy, M, El-Guindi, M, Elhussieny, N, Eliwa, A, Elkabbany, Z, El-Khayat, H, El-Koofy, N, Elmetwalli, A, Elrabat, A, El-Raey, F, Elrashdy, F, Elsahhar, M, Elsaid, E, Elsayed, S, Elsayed, H, Elsayed, A, El-Serafy, M, Elsharkawy, A, Elsheemy, R, Elshemy, E, Elsherbini, S, Eltoukhy, N, Elwakil, R, Emad, O, Emad, S, Embabi, M, Ergenc, I, Ermolova, T, Esmat, G, Esmat, D, Estupinan, E, Ettair, S, Eugen, T, Ezz-Eldin, M, Falcon, L, Fan, Y, Fandari, S, Farag, M, Farahat, T, Fares, E, Fares, M, Fassio, E, Fathy, H, Fathy, D, Fathy, W, Fayed, S, Feng, D, Feng, G, Fernandez-Bermejo, M, Ferreira, C, Ferrer, J, Forbes, A, Fouad, R, Fouad, H, Frisch, T, Fujii, H, Fukunaga, S, Fukunishi, S, Fulya, H, Furuhashi, M, Gaber, Y, Galang, A, Gallardo, J, Galloso, R, Gamal, M, Gamal, R, Gamal, H, Gan, J, Ganbold, A, Gao, X, Garas, G, Garba, T, Garcia-Cortes, M, Garcia-Monzon, C, Garcia-Samaniego, J, Gastaldelli, A, Gatica, M, Gatley, E, Gegeshidze, T, Geng, B, Ghazinyan, H, Ghoneem, S, Giacomelli, L, Giannelli, G, Giannini, E, Giefer, M, Gines, P, Girala, M, Giraudi, P, Goh, G, Gomaa, A, Gong, B, Gonzales, D, Gonzalez, H, Gonzalez-Huezo, M, Graupera, I, Grgurevic, I, Gronbaek, H, Gu, X, Guan, L, Gueye, I, Guingane, A, Gul, O, Gul, C, Guo, Q, Gupta, P, Gurakar, A, Gutierrez, J, Habib, G, Hafez, A, Hagman, E, Halawa, E, Hamdy, O, Hamed, A, Hamed, D, Hamid, S, Hamoudi, W, Han, Y, Haridy, J, Haridy, H, Harris, D, Hart, M, Hasan, F, Hashim, A, Hassan, I, Hassan, A, Hassan, E, Hassan, M, Hassanin, F, Hassnine, A, Haukeland, J, Hawal, A, He, J, He, Q, He, Y, He, F, Hegazy, M, Hegazy, A, Henegil, O, Hernandez, N, Hernandez-Guerra, M, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F, Hindy, I, Hirota, K, Ho, L, Hodge, A, Hosny, M, Hou, X, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Huang, Z, Huang, A, Huang, X, Hui-ping, S, Hunyady, B, Hussein, M, Hussein, O, Hussien, S, Ibanez-Samaniego, L, Ibdah, J, Ibrahim, L, Ibrahim, M, Ibrahim, I, Icaza-Chavez, M, Idelbi, S, Idilman, R, Ikeda, M, Indolfi, G, Invernizzi, F, Irshad, I, Isa, H, Iskandar, N, Ismaiel, A, Ismail, M, Ismail, Z, Ismail, F, Iwamoto, H, Jack, K, Jacob, R, Jafarov, F, Jafri, W, Jahshan, H, Jalal, P, Jancoriene, L, Janicko, M, Jayasena, H, Jefferies, M, Jha, V, Ji, F, Ji, Y, Jia, J, Jiang, C, Jiang, N, Jiang, Z, Jin, X, Jin, Y, Jing, X, Jingyu, Q, Jinjolava, M, Jong, F, Jucov, A, Julius, I, Kaddah, M, Kamada, Y, Kamal, A, Kamal, E, Kamel, A, Kao, J, Karin, M, Karlas, T, Kashwaa, M, Katsidzira, L, Kaya, E, Kayasseh, M, Keenan, B, Keklikkiran, C, Keml, W, Khalaf, D, Khalefa, R, Khamis, S, Khater, D, Khattab, H, Khavkin, A, Khlynova, O, Khmis, N, Kobyliak, N, Koffas, A, Koike, K, Kok, K, Koller, T, Komas, N, Korochanskaya, N, Koulla, Y, Koya, S, Kraft, C, Kraja, B, Krawczyk, M, Kuchay, M, Kulkarni, A, Kumar, A, Kumar, M, Lakoh, S, Lam, P, Lan, L, Lange, N, Lankarani, K, Lanthier, N, Lapshyna, K, Lashen, S, Laure, K, Lazebnik, L, Lebrec, D, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Leeming, D, Leite, N, Leon, R, Lesmana, C, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, Y, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, H, Lijuan, T, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Lithy, R, Liu, Y, Liu, X, Liu, W, Liu, S, Liu, K, Liu, T, Lonardo, A, Lopez, M, Lopez-Benages, E, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lu, H, Lu, L, Lu, Y, Lubel, J, Lui, R, Lupasco, I, Luzina, E, Lv, X, Lynch, K, Ma, H, Machado, M, Maduka, N, Madzharova, K, Magdaong, R, Mahadeva, S, Mahfouz, A, Mahmood, N, Mahmoud, E, Mahrous, M, Maiwall, R, Majeed, A, Majumdar, A, Mak, L, Maklouf, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mandato, C, Mangia, A, Mann, J, Mansour, H, Mansouri, A, Mantovani, A, Mao, J, Maramag, F, Marchesini, G, Marcus, C, Marinho, R, Martinez-Chantar, M, Martins, A, Marwan, R, Mason, K, Masoud, G, Massoud, M, Matamoros, M, Mateos, R, Mawed, A, Mbanya, J, Mbendi, C, Mccolaugh, L, Mcleod, D, Medina, J, Megahed, A, Mehrez, M, Memon, I, Merat, S, Mercado, R, Mesbah, A, Meskini, T, Metwally, M, Metwaly, R, Miao, L, Micah, E, Miele, L, Milivojevic, V, Milovanovic, T, Mina, Y, Mishkovik, M, Mishriki, A, Mitchell, T, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, M, Mohamed, S, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, A, Mohan, V, Mohie, S, Mokhtar, A, Moniem, R, Montilla, M, Morales, J, Morata, M, Moreno-Planas, J, Morise, S, Mosaad, S, Moselhy, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafa, E, Mouane, N, Mousa, N, Moustafa, H, Msherif, A, Muller, K, Munoz, C, Munoz-Urribarri, A, Murillo, O, Mustapha, F, Muzurovic, E, Nabil, Y, Nafady, S, Nagamatsu, A, Nakajima, A, Nakano, D, Nan, Y, Nascimbeni, F, Naseef, M, Nashat, N, Natalia, T, Negro, F, Nersesov, A, Neuman, M, Ng'Wanasayi, M, Ni, Y, Nicoll, A, Niizeki, T, Nikolova, D, Ningning, W, Niriella, M, Nogoibaeva, K, Nordien, R, O Sullivan, C, O'Beirne, J, Obekpa, S, Ocama, P, Ochwoto, M, Ogolodom, M, Ojo, O, Okrostsvaridze, N, Oliveira, C, Omana, R, Omar, O, Omar, H, Omar, M, Omran, S, Omran, R, Osman, M, Owise, N, Owusu-Ansah, T, Padilla- Machaca, P, Palle, S, Pan, Z, Pan, X, Pan, Q, Papaefthymiou, A, Paquissi, F, Par, G, Parkash, A, Payawal, D, Peltekian, K, Peng, X, Peng, L, Peng, Y, Pengoria, R, Perez, M, Perez, J, Perez, N, Persico, M, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Philip, M, Plaz Torres, M, Polavarapu, N, Poniachik, J, Portincasa, P, Pu, C, Purnak, T, Purwanto, E, Qi, X, Qian, Z, Qiang, Z, Qiao, Z, Qiao, L, Queiroz, A, Rabiee, A, Radwan, M, Rahetilahy, A, Ramadan, Y, Ramadan, D, Ramli, A, Ramm, G, Ran, A, Rankovic, I, Rao, H, Raouf, S, Ray, S, Reau, N, Refaat, A, Reiberger, T, Remes-Troche, J, Reyes, E, Richardson, B, Ridruejo, E, Riestra Jimenez, S, Rizk, I, Roberts, S, Roblero, J, Robles, J, Rockey, D, Rodriguez, M, Rodriguez Hernandez, H, Roman, E, Romeiro, F, Romeo, S, Rosales-Zabal, J, Roshdi, G, Rosso, N, Ruf, A, Ruiz, P, Runes, N, Ruzzenente, A, Ryan, M, Saad, A, Sabbagh, E, Sabbah, M, Saber, S, Sabrey, R, Sabry, R, Saeed, M, Said, D, Said, E, Sakr, M, Salah, Y, Salama, R, Salama, A, Saleh, H, Saleh, A, Salem, A, Salifou, A, Salih, A, Salman, A, Samouda, H, Sanai, F, Sanchez-Avila, J, Sanker, L, Sano, T, Sanz, M, Saparbu, T, Sawhney, R, Sayed, F, Sayed, S, Sayed, A, Sayed, M, Sebastiani, G, Secadas, L, Sediqi, K, Seif, S, Semida, N, Senates, E, Serban, E, Serfaty, L, Seto, W, Sghaier, I, Sha, M, Shabaan, H, Shalaby, L, Shaltout, I, Sharara, A, Sharma, V, Shawa, I, Shawkat, A, Shawky, N, Shehata, O, Sheils, S, Shewaye, A, Shi, G, Shi, J, Shimose, S, Shirono, T, Shou, L, Shrestha, A, Shui, G, Sievert, W, Sigurdardottir, S, Sira, M, Siradj, R, Sison, C, Smyth, L, Soliman, R, Sollano, J, Sombie, R, Sonderup, M, Sood, S, Soriano, G, Stedman, C, Stefanyuk, O, Stimac, D, Strasser, S, Strnad, P, Stuart, K, Su, W, Su, M, Sumida, Y, Sumie, S, Sun, D, Sun, J, Suzuki, H, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Swar, M, Taharboucht, S, Taher, Z, Takamura, S, Tan, L, Tan, S, Tanwandee, T, Tarek, S, Tatiana, G, Tavaglione, F, Tecson, G, Tee, H, Teschke, R, Tharwat, M, Thong, V, Thursz, M, Tine, T, Tiribelli, C, Tolmane, I, Tong, J, Tongo, M, Torkie, M, Torre, A, Torres, E, Trajkovska, M, Treeprasertsuk, S, Tsutsumi, T, Tu, T, Tur, J, Turan, D, Turcan, S, Turkina, S, Tutar, E, Tzeuton, C, Ugiagbe, R, Uygun, A, Vacca, M, Vajro, P, Van der Poorten, D, Van Kleef, L, Vashakidze, E, Velazquez, C, Velazquez, M, Vento, S, Verhoeven, V, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, Vethakkan, S, Vilaseca, J, Vitek, L, Volkanovska, A, Wallace, M, Wan, W, Wang, Y, Wang, X, Wang, C, Wang, M, Wangchuk, P, Weltman, M, White, M, Wiegand, J, Wifi, M, Wigg, A, Wilhelmi, M, William, R, Wittenburg, H, Wu, S, Wubeneh, A, Xia, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, X, Xiaofeng, W, Xiong, W, Xu, L, Xu, J, Xu, W, Xu, K, Xu, Y, Xu, S, Xu, M, Xu, A, Xu, C, Yan, H, Yang, J, Yang, R, Yang, Y, Yang, Q, Yang, N, Yao, J, Yara, J, Yaras, S, Yilmaz, N, Younes, R, Younes, H, Young, S, Youssef, F, Yu, Y, Yu, M, Yuan, J, Yue, Z, Yuen, M, Yun, W, Yurukova, N, Zakaria, S, Zaky, S, Zaldastanishvili, M, Zapata, R, Zare, N, Zerem, E, Zeriban, N, Zeshuai, X, Zhang, H, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhao, R, Zhao, H, Zheng, C, Zheng, Y, Zheng, R, Zheng, T, Zheng, K, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhou, H, Zhou, L, Zhu, L, Zhu, Y, Zhu, P, Ziada, E, Ziring, D, Ziyi, L, Zou, S, Zou, Z, Zou, H, Zuart Ruiz, R, and Global Multi-Stakeholder Consensus on the Redefinition of Fatty Liver Disease
Subjects: Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Hepatology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD, consensu, Gastroenterology, MAFLD, definition, Humans, MAFLD, NAFLD, Human medicine
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 252162.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)
Published: 2022
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28. An Approach for Healthier, Smart and Sustainable Cities in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis: Mapping SSC Indicators with Quality of Life and SDGs

Author: Sara Tarek and Mohsen Aboulnaga
Published: 2022
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29. Histopathological changes in the oesophageal mucosa in Egyptian children with corrosive strictures: A single-centre vast experience

Author: Mortada El-Shabrawi, Bahaa Ihab Mounir, Dalia Abd El-Kareem, Ayman E Eskander, Sara Tarek, Nabil A. Mohsen, and Carolyne Ghobrial
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Dysplasia, Esophageal Mucosa, Adolescent, Esophageal Neoplasms, Caustics, Biopsy, Post-corrosive, Observational Study, Oesophageal strictures, Gastroenterology, Chromoendoscopy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Burns, Chemical, Atypia, medicine, Carcinoma, Esophagitis, Humans, Child, Pathological, Children, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Endoscopic dilatation, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dilatation, Endoscopy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Esophageal Stenosis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Histopathology, Egypt, Female, Esophagoscopy, business
Abstract: Background The caustic ingestion continues to be a major problem worldwide especially in developing countries. The long-term complications include stricture and increased life time risk of oesophageal carcinoma. Patients suffered from corrosive induced oesophageal strictures have more than a 1000-fold risk of developing carcinoma of the oesophagus. Aim To determine the possibility of oesophageal mucosal dysplasia after prolonged dilatation in post corrosive stricture. Methods This observational study was conducted at the Paediatric Endoscopy Unit in Cairo University Children's Hospital. It included children of both sexes older than 2 years of age who had an established diagnosis of post-corrosive oesophageal stricture and repeated endoscopic dilatation sessions for more than 6 mo. All patients were biopsied at the stricture site after 6 mo of endoscopic dilatation. A histopathological examination of an oesophageal mucosal biopsy was performed for the detection of chronic oesophagitis, inflammatory cellular infiltration and dysplasia. Results The mean age of the enrolled children was 5.9 ± 2.6 years; 90% of the patients had ingested an alkaline corrosive substance (potash). The total number of endoscopic dilatation sessions were ranging from 16 to 100 with mean number of sessions was 37.2 ± 14.9. Histopathological examination of the specimens showed that 85% of patients had evidence of chronic oesophagitis (group A) in the form of basal cell hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and subepithelial fibrosis. Thirteen percent of the patients had evidence of reactive atypia (group B) in the form of severe neutrophilic intraepithelial inflammatory cellular infiltration, and 2 patients (2%) had mild squamous dysplasia (group C); we rebiopsied these two patients 6 mo after the initial pathological assessment, guided by chromoendoscopy by Lugol's iodine. Conclusion The histopathology of oesophageal mucosal biopsies in post-corrosive patients demonstrates evidence of chronic oesophagitis, intraepithelial inflammatory cellular infiltration and dysplasia. Dysplasia is one of the complications of post-corrosive oesophageal stricture.
Published: 2019

30. Validity of the Vesikari Score for the Assessment of Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis in Correlation with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Influences

Author: Nehal M, El Koofy, Nabil A, Mohsen, Mohamed A, Elmonem, Rehab H, Zawam, and Sara, Tarek
Subjects: Rotavirus, Feces, Socioeconomic Factors, Humans, Infant, Child, Rotavirus Infections, Gastroenteritis
Published: 2021

31. Enhancing Biophilia as a Restorative Design Approach in Egyptian Gardens

Author: Sara Tarek
Subjects: Aesthetics, Biophilia hypothesis
Abstract: The increasing challenges of enhancing public health for communities and managing stressful daily life style raised the call for finding new methods to reduce stress. The research problem is the lack of sufficient data investigating the impact of different characteristics and forms of gardens in terms of stress reduction and restoration benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study is identifying the restorative effects of biophilic design elements in Egyptian gardens. It investigates the main indicators for applying biophilic urbanism in different gardens and how to enhance it to achieve stress restoration for communities. The presented study followed a methodology that comprises three parts. First an integrative literature review for biophilic urbanism and biophilia application to achieve restorative design. Then identifying the likely relationship between biophilia and restorativeness. Finally, a case study research design approach for selected Egyptian gardens which are analysed in reference to concluded relationship and perceived restorativenss. The work points out the potential and effective incorporation of applying biophilic principles in Egypt to achieve stress restoration.
Published: 2021
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32. Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author: Omar I. Saadah, Sara Tarek, Mahmoud Mosli, Hadeel A. Alsufyani, Ayman E Eskander, Safa Meshaal, Abdel-Rahman Ahmed Abdel-Razek, Amera M Hasnoon, and Abobakr A. Abdelgalil
Subjects: Pancolitis, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.disease_cause, Pediatrics, Inflammatory bowel disease, Gastroenterology, Serology, Bloating, children, Internal medicine, Medicine, egypt, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, business.industry, ibd, General Engineering, Immune dysregulation, Abdominal distension, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, digestive system diseases, crohn’s disease, medicine.symptom, business, celiac disease
Abstract: Introduction The association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - particularly its two main subtypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) - and celiac disease (CeD) has been attributed to an overlap in the mechanism of immune dysregulation that characterizes these conditions. Owing to the paucity of studies that have explored this condition in pediatric patients, we examined the prevalence of CeD in children with IBD. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study of children aged two to 18 years with IBD that were diagnosed between 2016 and 2018. Clinical, demographic, laboratory, and endoscopic data were analysed. Serology for CeD measured the immunoglobulin A tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTG) antibodies, and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically through small bowel biopsies. Results The study included 101 patients with IBD (83.2% with UC and 16.8% with CD). The mean age was 8.7±4.0 years. Males constituted 59.4% of the cohort, and only 3% had perianal disease. Ileocolonic involvement was reported in 64.7% and non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviour in 76.7% of CD patients. Pancolitis constituted 45.2% of UC patients. Ten patients (9.9%) had positive serology based on IgA-tTG antibodies, three (approximately 3%) had CeD based on biopsy findings, two patients (2%) had CD, and one patient (1%) had UC. Patients with confirmed CeD had a significantly higher frequency of symptoms of gaseous sensation and bloating (P=0.003) and abdominal distension (P=0.04). Conclusions The prevalence of CeD in Egyptian children with IBD is higher than previously reported in a number of similar studies. Abdominal bloating and gaseous sensation were identified as associated symptoms.
Published: 2020
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33. Hepatobiliary manifestations in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A single-center experience in a low/middle income country

Author: Mortada El-Shabrawi, Afaf Enayet, Engy A. Mogahed, Safa Meshaal, Sara Tarek, and Maha Abou-Zekri
Subjects: Crohn's disease, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Elevated liver enzymes, Observational Study, medicine.disease, Single Center, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Middle income country, digestive system diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Egypt, Hepatobiliary, business, Children
Abstract: BACKGROUND There has been a worldwide increase in the reported incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children over the past 2-3 decades. The hepatobiliary (HB) manifestations of IBD have been well-studied in children in industrialized and developed countries but are infrequently reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) such as Egypt. AIM To determine the prevalence of the HB manifestations in a cohort of Egyptian children with IBD. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was carried out over a period of 6 mo (between June 2013 to December 2013) at the Paediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology Units of Cairo University Children's Hospital, which is the largest paediatric tertiary care centre in the country. RESULTS The study included 48 patients with confirmed IBD based upon clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histopathological features, 29 (60.4%) were male. Twenty-four patients (50%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), 11 (22.9%) had Crohn's disease (CD) and 13 (27.1%) had unclassified-IBD (IBD-U), which was formerly known as indeterminate colitis. The mean age of the patients at the time of presentation was 8.14 (± SD 4.02) years and the mean age at the time of study enrolment was 10.16 (± SD 4.19) years. All patients were screened for HB manifestations by physical examination, liver function tests, imaging and liver biopsy when indicated. HB disorders were confirmed in 13 patients (27.1%). Transaminases were elevated in 3 patients (6.3%). Two patients (4.2%) had elevated biliary enzymes (one was diagnosed as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and the other was diagnosed with PSC/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome and the third patient had hepatitis C virus infection. Ten patients (20.8%) had bright echogenic liver on ultrasound suggesting fatty infiltration as a sequel of malnutrition or medication toxicity. CONCLUSION The commonest HB disorders in Egyptian children with IBD were abnormal liver function tests, fatty infiltration and PSC. These HB manifestations in paediatric patients in LMIC may be relatively more common than in industrialized countries. Therefore, IBD patients in LMIC should be meticulously screened for liver disease to allow prompt diagnosis and management.
Published: 2020

34. Serological screening of celiac disease in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Author: AbobakrA Abdelgalil and Sara Tarek
Subjects: General Materials Science
Published: 2022
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35. Assessment of EEG Changes in Neonatal Sepsis at Al-Zahraa University Hospital’s NIC Unit

Author: Mohamed, Sara Tarek Mohamed, primary, Oshaiba, Zeinab Farag, additional, Moneim, Marwa El-Hady Abd El, additional, and Ibrahim, Asmaa Abd El Wakeel, additional
Published: 2020
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36. Validity of the Vesikari Score for the Assessment of Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis in Correlation with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Influences

Author: Nabil A. Mohsen, Sara Tarek, Nehal El Koofy, Rehab H. Zawam, and Mohamed A. Elmonem
Subjects: Correlation, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, Acute gastroenteritis, business, Socioeconomic status
Published: 2021
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37. A Study of Literary Minimalism in Selected Short Stories by Raymond Carver

Author: Elmowafy, Sara tarek
Subjects: Minimalism, indeterminacy, uncertainty, unreliable narrator, omission, open-ended conclusions
Abstract: Literary minimalism has been a subject of negative criticism by major American critics since its appearance in the late 1980s, till the present day. It has been censured for being a straightforward, trivial, banal, and an inconsequential kind of writing in which everything is left unstated. As a result of this negative criticism, literary minimalism has been largely misunderstood, undervalued, and even rejected. It has not been given the critical study it deserves. Many questions are asked about its origins, about the influence it has on literature, and whether or not it should be valued. This thesis attempts to answer such questions and to defend literary minimalism against all the accusations. The thesis also aims at shedding the light on the fact that minimalism’s "less" provides "more". The researcher intends to do this by examining closely three techniques in Raymond Carver’s works which contributed to his minimalism: the unreliable narrators in “Why, Honey?” and “What Do You Do In San Francisco?”, omissions in “Why Don’t You Dance?” and “The Bath”, and open-ended conclusions in “Preservation” and “Careful”.
Published: 2018
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38. The Unreliable narrator in Carver's 'Why, Honey' and 'What Do You Do in San Francisco'

Author: ELmowafy, Sara Tarek
Subjects: ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In literature, the unreliable narrator is a narrating character or a storyteller whose narration is not trustworthy because of inaccurate, misleading or questionable kind of information he/she provides the readers with. In 1961, Wayne C Booth first used the term “unreliable narrator” in his book The Rhetoric of Fiction. He distinguished between the reliable and the unreliable narrator: “I have called a narrator reliable when he speaks for or acts in accordance with the norms of the work (which to say, the implied author’s norms), unreliable when he doesn’t” (158-159). According to Booth, the reliable narrator is that person whose speech conforms to the general norms and values of a storyteller while the unreliable narrator, who provides a biased narrative perspective, violates these norms and values. Unreliable narrators would speak either with bias or disinterest, or even lie in an attempt to hide the truth. Sometimes, the narrators are unintentionally unreliable when they lack objectivity or be not fully aware of the circumstances around them. Other times, the narrators are intentionally unreliable when they intend to hide the truth by providing the readers with inaccurate or misleading information. Usually the unreliability is evident in the first-person narrator because the narrator is telling the story from his/her own side. It is hard for one person to know all the facts of a story. That is why many first-person narrators are considered unreliable. But not all the first-person narrators are unreliable. In normal cases, the first-person narrator is trying to provide the reader with the most accurate version of the events while the unreliable narrator provides a distorted view of events. Since, in the latter case, the narrator is considered an unreliable source of information, the reader is asked to reveal the reality behind the narrator’s misleading words. So, the unreliable narrator demands the reader to be fully aware, to rethink, reconsider and to rely on his/her own experiences in order to discover the hidden reality. The purpose of such narrators is to create indeterminacy and to encourage the reader to offer his/her own interpretations of events. Writers also tend to use such narrators in order to gain sympathy for their characters as Booth puts it: “If an author wants intense sympathy for characters who do not have strong virtues to recommend them, then the psychic vividness of prolonged and deep inside views will help him. If an author wants to earn the reader’s confusion, the unreliable narration may help him”(378).For Booth, since the narrator is telling the story from his own perspective, readers somehow are affected by the narrator’s past experiences and interpretations of events, and as a result they sympathize with the him/her. Ansgar Nünning, a cognitive narratologist, has stated a list of textual signals that characterizes unreliable narrators. His list can be summarized in the following points: usually the unreliable narrator contradicts himself/herself. The unreliable narrator’s description of himself/herself differs from that given by any other character within the story. Usually the unreliable narrator offers a self-referential talking about his/her beliefs and values. The unreliable narrator usually directs his speech to the readers in an attempt to gain their sympathy. In many cases the narrator admits his/her lack of reliability by criticizing his/her bad memory or referring to his lack of experience and limitations. In other cases, the narrator confesses his/her prejudice towards certain issues or ideas; this prejudice is what makes such narrator unreliable. Syntactic signals are often used such as repetition, exclamations, omissions in order to emphasize the narrator’s highly emotionally involvement; this high level of emotional involvement is what makes the narrator unreliable or untrustworthy (Olson, 97-98).
Published: 2017
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39. Gene expression based cancer classification

Author: Sara Tarek, Reda Abd Elwahab, and Mahmoud Shoman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer classification, Computer science, Microarrays, Bioinformatics, Feature selection, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, computer.software_genre, Machine learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Molecular level, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cancer, Training set, business.industry, QA75.5-76.95, Classification, Cancer treatment, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, Electronic computers. Computer science, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, Artificial intelligence, Gene expression, DNA microarray, business, computer, Classifier (UML), Ensemble, K-NN, Information Systems
Abstract: Cancer classification based on molecular level investigation has gained the interest of researches as it provides a systematic, accurate and objective diagnosis for different cancer types. Several recent researches have been studying the problem of cancer classification using data mining methods, machine learning algorithms and statistical methods to reach an efficient analysis for gene expression profiles. Studying the characteristics of thousands of genes simultaneously offered a deep insight into cancer classification problem. It introduced an abundant amount of data ready to be explored. It has also been applied in a wide range of applications such as drug discovery, cancer prediction and diagnosis which is a very important issue for cancer treatment. Besides, it helps in understanding the function of genes and the interaction between genes in normal and abnormal conditions. That is done by monitoring the behavior of genes -gene expression data- under different conditions. In this paper, an effective ensemble approach is proposed. Ensemble classifiers increase not only the performance of the classification, but also the confidence of the results. The motivations beyond using ensemble classifiers are that the results are less dependent on peculiarities of a single training set and because the ensemble system outperforms the performance of the best base classifier in the ensemble.
Published: 2016
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40. Cancer classification ensemble system based on gene expression profiles

Author: Reda Abd Elwahab, Sara Tarek, and Mahmoud Shoman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer classification, Computer science, Drug discovery, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Cancer treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistical classification, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular level, Error analysis, medicine, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: Cancer classification based on molecular level investigation has gained the interest of researches as it provides a systematic, accurate and objective diagnosis for different cancer types. It has also been applied in a wide range of applications such as drug discovery, cancer prediction and diagnosis which is a very important issue for cancer treatment. Besides, it helps in understanding the function of genes and the interaction between genes in normal and abnormal conditions. In this paper, an effective cancer classification ensemble system is proposed. Ensemble classifiers increase not only the performance of the classification, but also the confidence of the results.
Published: 2016
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41. Assessment of Relationship Between Maxillary Sinus Floor and Maxillary Posterior Teeth Root Tips Position

Author: Sara Tarek Khater Mohamed, Principal Investigator
Published: 2021

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