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Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether habitual dietary intake of fatty fish, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, or a combination of them all, is associated with oxidative stress levels, measured as urine concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in healthy women. Methods Eighty-one participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Mean age of the women was 26.1 ± 6.2 (mean ± SD) years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2. The concentration of 8-iso-PGF2α was determined in urine, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were determined in blood. Participants' habitual fish, whole grain, fruit, and vegetable intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Results In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant inverse association between 8-iso-PGF2α and high fatty fish intake (P < 0.001). Fatty fish intake was positively correlated to serum phospholipid concentrations of EPA (P = 0.001) and DHA (P = 0.002). A borderline effect of DHA was seen on 8-iso-PGF2α, but higher serum phospholipid concentrations of fatty acids were generally not related to lower F2-isoprostane levels. No overall effect from whole grains or fruits and vegetables was seen. Conclusions The results indicate that high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of oxidative stress, but high levels of ω-3 fatty acids in intake may not alone explain the effect. High habitual intake of whole grains or fruits and vegetables did not seem to affect the F2-isoprostane level.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is not clear how intake of gluten during infancy affects subsequent risk of celiac disease. We investigated whether gluten intake before 2 years of age increases risk for celiac disease in genetically susceptible children. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of 436 pairs of children, generated from a database of 2525 children with genetic susceptibility to celiac disease in Sweden, matched for sex, birth year, and HLA genotype from September 2004 and February 2010. Children were screened annually for celiac disease using an assay for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). Intestinal biopsies were collected from children who tested positive for tTGA to confirm the presence of celiac disease. Gluten intake was calculated from 3-day food records collected when the children were 9, 12, 18 and 24 months old. RESULTS: Breastfeeding duration (median 32 weeks) and age at first introduction to gluten (median 22 weeks) did not differ between cases and tTGA-negative children (controls). At the visit prior to tTGA seroconversion, cases reported a larger intake of gluten (median 4.9 g/day) than controls (median 3.9 g/day) (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.46; P=.0002). More cases consumed amounts of gluten in the upper 3rd tertile (i.e. >5.0 g/day) before they tested positive for tTGA seroconversion than controls (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.70-4.13; P

The aim of this study was to determine whether habitual dietary intake of fatty fish, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, or a combination of them all, is associated with oxidative stress levels, measured as urine concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in healthy women.Eighty-one participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Mean age of the women was 26.1 ± 6.2 (mean ± SD) years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m(2). The concentration of 8-iso-PGF2α was determined in urine, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were determined in blood. Participants' habitual fish, whole grain, fruit, and vegetable intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire.In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant inverse association between 8-iso-PGF2α and high fatty fish intake (P0.001). Fatty fish intake was positively correlated to serum phospholipid concentrations of EPA (P = 0.001) and DHA (P = 0.002). A borderline effect of DHA was seen on 8-iso-PGF2α, but higher serum phospholipid concentrations of fatty acids were generally not related to lower F2-isoprostane levels. No overall effect from whole grains or fruits and vegetables was seen.The results indicate that high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of oxidative stress, but high levels of ω-3 fatty acids in intake may not alone explain the effect. High habitual intake of whole grains or fruits and vegetables did not seem to affect the F2-isoprostane level.