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En este escrito elaboramos una valoración crítica del conjunto de artículos vinculados a la Psicología del Trabajo y las Organizaciones (PTO), publicados en la Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología (reps) durante sus 40 años de existencia. Esta valoración integra el análisis documental de 44 artículos con temáticas de la PTO, identificados de la lista provista por el equipo editor internacional de la reps. Para la valoración crítica realizamos un análisis de contenido con información cualitativa y cuantitativa de tres categorías generales y las subcategorías correspondientes. Mediante un análisis matricial evaluamos las categorías generales de: 1) caracterización de las autorías y de los artículos, 2) aproximaciones metodológicas y 3) aportaciones al campo de la PTO. Utilizamos el programado Atlas T.I V8, que permitió ilustrar un análisis de frecuencias y coocurrencias de las categorías y subcategorías. En el artículo integramos los resultados, la discusión y además presentamos conclusiones, limitaciones y recomendaciones. Incluimos recomendaciones para continuar el desarrollo de la PTO en la reps desde una diversidad de acercamientos teóricos y metodológicos.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB The application of molecular switches for the fabrication of multistimuli-responsive chromic materials and devices still remains a challenge because of the restrictions imposed by the supporting solid matrices where these compounds must be incorporated: they often critically affect the chromic response as well as limit the type and nature of external stimuli that can be applied. In this work, we propose the use of ionogels to overcome these constraints, as they provide a soft, fluidic, transparent, thermally stable, and ionic-conductive environment where molecular switches preserve their solution-like properties and can be exposed to a number of different stimuli. By exploiting this strategy, we herein pioneer the preparation of nitrospiropyran-based materials using a single solid platform that exhibit optimal photo-, halo-, thermo-, and electrochromic switching behaviors.

[EN] Celiac disease is a complex and autoimmune disorder caused by the ingestion of gluten affecting almost 1% of global population. Nowadays an effective treatment does not exist, and the only way to manage the disease is the removal of gluten from the diet. Owing the key role played by gluten, clear and regulated labelling of foodstuff and smart methods for gluten detection are needed to fight frauds on food industry and to avoid the involuntary ingestion of this protein by celiac patients. On that scope, the development of a novel detection system of gluten is here presented. The sensor consists of nanoporous anodic alumina films loaded with a fluorescent dye and capped with an aptamer that recognizes gliadin (gluten's soluble proteins). In the presence of gliadin, aptamer sequences displace from the surface of anodic alumina resulting in pore opening and dye delivery. The dispositive shows a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 mu g kg(-1) of gliadin, good selectivity and a detection time of approximately 60 min. Moreover, the sensor is validated in real food samples. This novel probe allows fast gluten detection through a simple signalling process with potential use for food control. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., The authors want to thank the Spanish Government RTI2018-100910-B-C41 (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024) for support. L.P. thanks to Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for his FPI grant. S.S.-F. thanks CIBER and ISCIII for her Sara Borrell contract. The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support.

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSIC Altres ajuts: Autonomous University of Barcelona predoctoral PIF grant This manuscript deals with carbon capture and utilization to synthetize high-added chemicals using CO as a C1-organic building block for C−C bond formation. The study focuses on the electrocarboxylation of 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6'-bromobenzopyrylospiran switch (Br-BIPS). Prior to the electrocarboxylation process, the electrochemical reduction mechanism of Br-BIPS and CO is disclosed in polar aprotic solvents using two different cathodes (glassy carbon and silver) under nitrogen atmosphere. Once the role of the cathode in the reduction carbon-bromide bond cleavage is understood, carboxylated spiropyran derivatives can be synthesized in moderate yields and conversion rates through an electrocarboxylation process using CO silver cathode and polar aprotic solvents. The "green" efficient route described in the current work would open a new sustainable strategy for designing and building "smart" surfaces with switchable physical properties.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB This study establishes the photoelectrochromic properties of four diarylethene ionic liquids (DAE-ILs) composed of a diarylethene dicarboxylate (DAE) moiety, as counter-anion, and different organic cations ([Cmim], [CPyr] , [N], [P]). The synthetized ILs viscous fluids maintain the photochemical and electrochemical properties of this well-known family of photoswitches, as well as the typical features of ILs (e.g., low melting point, and high thermal and electrochemical stability). Our strategy of making multi-stimuli-responsive ionic liquids by ionic exchange opens the door to easily tune the physicochemical properties of smart DAE-ILs in function of the selected cation. Finally, those DAE-ILs are used to formulate smart ionogels (IGs), a type of materials that, by showing good conductive properties and retaining the stimuli-responsive behavior of the embedded DAE molecules, allow the fabrication of photoelectrochemical devices.

Microbial detection is crucial for the control and prevention of infectious diseases, being one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among the techniques developed for bacterial detection, those based on metabolic indicators are progressively gaining interest due to their simplicity, adaptability, and, most importantly, their capacity to differentiate between live and dead bacteria. Prussian blue (PB) may act as a metabolic indicator, being reduced by bacterial metabolism, producing a visible color change from blue to colorless. This molecule can be present in two main forms, namely, the soluble and the insoluble, having different properties and structures. In the current work, the bacterial-sensing capacity of soluble and insoluble PB will be tested and compared both in suspensions as PB-NPs and after deposition on transparent indium tin oxide-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ITO-PET) electrodes. In the presence of live bacteria, PB-NPs are metabolized and completely reduced to the Prussian white state in less than 10 h for soluble and insoluble forms. However, when electrodeposited on ITO-PET substrates, less than 1 h of incubation with bacteria is required for both forms, although the soluble one presents faster metabolic reduction kinetics. This study paves the way to the use of Prussian blue as a metabolic indicator for the early detection of bacterial infection in fields like microbial diagnostics, surface sterilization, food and beverage contamination, and environmental pollution, among others.

Circulating microRNAs have emerged as potential diagnostic biomarkers. The deregulation of the microRNA miR-99a-5p has been previously described as an effective biomarker of early breast cancer. Herein, we present a new nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA)-based biosensor that can detect plasma miR-99a-5p with high sensitivity and selectivity. NAA pores are loaded with rhodamine B and capped with a specific oligonucleotide that is able to block cargo release until the target is present. In the presence of miR-99a-5p, the capping oligonucleotide recognizes the miR-99a-5p sequence and displaces it allowing the release of the encapsulated dye. This method is able to successfully distinguish healthy controls from breast cancer patients, even at early stages with high efficiency, showing the presented system as a promising tool for breast cancer detection.

Many important human diseases, and especially cancer, have been related to the overproduction of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). This molecule is a product of oxidative stress processes over nucleophilic bases in DNA. In this work, an aptasensor for the rapid, selective and accurate detection of this oncomarker is presented. The aptasensor consists of a nanoporous anodic alumina material loaded with a dye and is functionalized with an aptamer-based "molecular gate". In the presence of target 8-oxo-dG, the capping aptamer displaces from the surface due to the high affinity of the analyte with the capping aptamer, thus inducing delivery of the preloaded fluorescent dye. In contrast, in the absence of 8-oxo-dG, a poor payload delivery is accomplished. This aptamer-based nanodevice has great sensitivity for 8-oxo-dG, resulting in a LOD of 1 nM and a detection time of ca. 60 min. Moreover, the aptasensor is able to accurately detect 8-oxo-dG in unmodified urine and serum without pre-concentration treatments. This diagnostic tool is validated in a set of 38 urine and serum samples from patients diagnosed of colorectal cancer and control patients. These samples are also analyzed using a standardized and specific ELISA kit. The aptasensor displays excellent sensitivity (95.83/100%) and specificity (80/100%) for 8-oxo-dG detection in serum and urine samples, respectively. Our results may serve as a basis for the development of generalized fluorogenic diagnostic platforms for the easy diagnosis of cancer in biofluids as well as for monitoring therapeutic treatments and detection of relapses without the use of expensive equipment or trained personnel.

[EN] A nanodevice consisted on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) supports functionalized with specific and selective antibody-based gatekeepers for the detection of IDH1-R132H mutant enzyme is here reported. Molecular profile and tissue mutations of the tumours (such as IDH1/IDH2 mutations in gliomas) are a great source of information that already make a difference in terms of prognosis and prediction of response to combined therapy. However, standardized methodologies to determine this mutation are time-consuming and cannot provide information before or during surgical intervention, which significantly limits their utility in terms of intraoperative decisionmaking. To solve this limitation, our sensing system, in the presence of the target IDH1-R132H mutant enzyme triggers the delivery of a fluorescent reporter from the antibody-capped NAA that is easily detected using a standard fluorimeter in less than 1 h. Good capabilities of the sensor in terms of sensitivity (limit of detection as low as 0.01 ng/mL) and selectivity are determined. The biosensor is validated in seventeen human glioma tissue samples, also analysed by standardized methodologies, showing significant differences between IDH1 wild-type and IDH1-R132H mutant gliomas (p < 0.01) with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87.5/88.9/88.2) for IDH1-R132H mutational status classification in human glioma tissues. This new detection system might play an important role in surgical interventions, anticipating mutational status information in gliomas and supporting thus decision making and patient survival., This study was supported by the Spanish Government (project RTI2018-100910-B-C41 MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024), the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (GLIOVIEW-IDH and GLIOVIEWIDH_2.0 project) and CIBER-BBN (NANOPATH AND CANDI-EYE projects). S.S. thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Social Fund for the financial support "Sara Borrell" (CD16/000237). L.P. thanks to Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for his FPI grant. We also a knowledge service provided by Biobanco La Fe of Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe, Val`encia, Spain.

Icosahedral metallacarboranes are θ‐shaped anionic molecules in which two icosahedra share one vertex that is a metal center. The most remarkable of these compounds is the anionic cobalt‐based metallacarborane [Co(C2B9H11)2]‐ , whose oxidation‐reduction processes occur via an outer sphere electron process. This, along with its low density negative charge, makes [Co(C2B9H11)2]‐ very appealing to participate in electron‐transfer processes. In this work, [Co(C2B9H11)2]‐ is tethered to a perylenediimide dye to produce the first examples of switchable luminescent molecules and materials based on metallacarboranes. In particular, the electronic communication of [Co(C2B9H11)2]‐ with the appended chromophore unit in these compounds can be regulated upon application of redox stimuli, which allows the reversible modulation of the emitted fluorescence. As such, they behave as electrochemically‐controlled fluorescent molecular switches in solution, which surpass the performance of previous systems based on conjugates of perylendiimides with ferrocene. Remarkably, they can form gels by treatment with appropriate mixtures of organic solvents, which result from the self‐assembly of the cobaltabisdicarbollide‐perylendiimide conjugates into 1D nanostructures. The interplay between dye π‐stacking and metallacarborane electronic and steric interactions ultimately governs the supramolecular arrangement in these materials, which for one of the compounds prepared allows preserving the luminescent behavior in the gel state., This work was supported by MINECO/FEDER (CTQ2015-65439-R and CTQ2016-75150-R projects) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR00465 and 2017SGR1720projects). ICMAB acknowledges the support of the Spanish MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program, under grant SEV-2015-0496.L. P.thanksthe Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona for herpredoctoral PIF fellowship.

Candida auris has arisen as an important multidrug-resistant fungus because of several nosocomial outbreaks and elevated rates of mortality. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of C. auris is highly desired; nevertheless, current methods often present severe limitations and produce misidentification. Herein a sensitive, selective, and time-competitive biosensor based on oligonucleotide-gated nanomaterials for effective detection of C. auris is presented. In the proposed design, a nanoporous anodic alumina scaffold is filled with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B and the pores blocked with different oligonucleotides capable of specifically recognize C. auris genomic DNA. Gate opening modulation and cargo delivery is controlled by successful DNA recognition. C. auris is detected at a concentration as low as 6 CFU/mL allowing obtaining a diagnostic result in clinical samples in one hour with no prior DNA extraction or amplification steps.

Altres ajuts: 2016 Leonardo grant from the BBVA Foundation (TIC-TIC-0007) Electrochromic materials are becoming increasingly important in analytical devices and applications. Their opto-electronic properties make them particularly useful in the development of electronics-free, self-powered sensors. However, the mass manufacture of such devices is often limited by the need for transparent electrodes and liquid electrolyte systems. The self-powered biosensor presented here overcomes these limitations by means of a coplanar construction and a gel electrolyte. This configuration enables an effective separation between the sample and the electrochromic component, which allows the naked eye readout of the analyte concentration even if coloured or dark samples, such as blood, are used. This lack of contact between sample and electrochromic material also prevents the action of possible interferents on the electrochromic display, which is an additional advantage. Moreover, because the device is entirely screen-printed, its mass production is also feasible. The fabricated device features a glucose biosensor connected to a Prussian-Blue electrode, displaying a dynamic range between 2.5 mM-10 mM that makes it suitable for blood testing and diabetes screening.

The use of CO2 as a C1 carbon source for synthesis is raising increasing attention both as a strategy to bring value to carbon dioxide capture technologies and a sustainable approach towards chemicals and energy. The presented results focus on the application of electrochemical methods to incorporate CO2 into organic compounds using ionic liquids as electrolytes, which provides a green alternative to the formation of C–C bonds. In this sense, the current manuscript shows that Naproxen (6-Methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid) can be synthetizing in high yield (89%) and conversion rates (90%) through an electrocarboxylation process using CO2 and ionic liquids. The role of the cathode and solvent, which can potentially enhance the synthesis, is also discussed. The “green” route described in the current work would open a new sustainable strategy for the electrochemical production of pharmaceutical compounds.

Sensor arrays used to detect electrophysiological signals from the brain are paramount in neuroscience. However, the number of sensors that can be interfaced with macroscopic data acquisition systems currently limits their bandwidth. This bottleneck originates in the fact that, typically, sensors are addressed individually, requiring a connection for each of them. Herein, we present the concept of frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) of neural signals by graphene sensors. We demonstrate the high performance of graphene transistors as mixers to perform amplitude modulation (AM) of neural signals in situ, which is used to transmit multiple signals through a shared metal line. This technology eliminates the need for switches, remarkably simplifying the technical complexity of state-of-the-art multiplexed neural probes. Besides, the scalability of FDM graphene neural probes has been thoroughly evaluated and their sensitivity demonstrated in vivo. Using this technology, we envision a new generation of high-count conformal neural probes for high bandwidth brain machine interfaces., This work has been funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement 732032 (BrainCom), Grant Agreement 85219 and 881603 (Graphene Flagship). The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme, funded by the Spanish Research Agency (AEI, Grant SEV-2017-0706), and by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. R.G.C. and N.S. acknowledge that this work has been done in the framework of the Ph.D. in Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. R.G.C is supported by the International Ph.D. Programme La Caixa - Severo Ochoa (Programa Internacional de Becas “la Caixa”-Severo Ochoa). This work has made use of the Spanish ICTS Network MICRONANOFABS partially supported by MICINN and the ICTS “NANBIOSIS”, more specifically by the Micro-NanoTechnology Unit of the CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) at the IMB-CNM. This work is within the project 2DTecBio (FIS2017-85787-R) funded by the “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades” of Spain, the “Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)”, and the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/UE)” and has received funding from Generalitat de Cataluña 2017 SGR 1426.

Altres ajuts: this work has made use of the Spanish ICTS Network MICRONANOFABS partially supported by MICINN and the ICTS 'NANBIOSIS', more specifically by the Micro-NanoTechnology Unit of the CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN) at the IMB-CNM. Electrocorticography (ECoG) is a well-established technique to monitor electrophysiological activity from the surface of the brain and has proved crucial for the current generation of neural prostheses and brain-computer interfaces. However, existing ECoG technologies still fail to provide the resolution necessary to accurately map highly localized activity across large brain areas, due to the rapidly increasing size of connector footprint with sensor count. This work demonstrates the use of a flexible array of graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFET), exploring the concept of multiplexed readout using an external switching matrix. This approach does not only allow for an increased sensor count, but due to the use of active sensing devices (i.e. transistors) over microelectrodes it makes additional buffer transistors redundant, which drastically eases the complexity of device fabrication on flexible substrates. The presented results pave the way for upscaling the gSGFET technology towards large-scale, high-density μECoG-arrays, eventually capable of resolving neural activity down to a single neuron level, while simultaneously mapping large brain regions.

In the development of colorimetric biosensors, the use of electrochromic mediators has been accepted and widely used during decades. The main drawback of these types of enzymatic substrates is the difficult recovery of the initial redox state of the molecule, which can be done electrochemically or by antioxidants addition, complicating the initially simple structure of the biosensor. those strategies are rarely followed Actually, being the disposable biosensor configuration the most extended for this detection mechanisms. Alternatively, we propose the first reported use of a diacid dithienylethene 1,2-bis(5-carboxy-2-methylthien-3-yl)cyclopentene (DTE) photoelectrochromic compound as a substrate of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The photoisomerization between the open (DTEo) and closed (DTEc) forms of the molecule and the respective shift in the redox potential allowed the light-induced enzymatic detection of glucose in the glucose oxidase [(GOx)]-HRP cascade system. This fast and easy control over the enzymatic substrate availability by light pulses permits a gradually consumption and the light-regeneration of the biosensor for a number of cycles. We consider the presented results transcendent in the development of reusable and light-controlled photonic biosensing systems.

[EN] Candida auris has arisen as an important multidrug-resistant fungus because of several nosocomial outbreaks and elevated rates of mortality. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of C. auris is highly desired; nevertheless, current methods often present severe limitations and produce misidentification. Herein a sensitive, selective, and time-competitive biosensor based on oligonucleotide-gated nanomaterials for effective detection of C. auris is presented. In the proposed design, a nanoporous anodic alumina scaffold is filled with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B and the pores blocked with different oligonucleotides capable of specifically recognize C. auris genomic DNA. Gate opening modulation and cargo delivery is controlled by successful DNA recognition. C. auris is detected at a concentration as low as 6 CFU/mL allowing obtaining a diagnostic result in clinical samples in one hour with no prior DNA extraction or amplification steps., The authors want to thank the Spanish Government (project RTI2018-100910-B-C41 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE)), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (AURISGATE project) and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (NANOPATH AND CANDI-EYE projects) for support. L.P thanks MINECO for his predoctoral fellowship. S.S. thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Social Fund for the financial support "Sara Borrell" (CD16/000237).

[EN] The development of new detection systems for an accurate and rapid identification of pathogens has become an essential challenge in the biomedical field. Herein a highly selective platform based on aptamer-gated nano materials for specific Staphylococcus aureus detection is presented. In the proposed design, a nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) scaffold is loaded with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B, while pores entrances are capped by a DNA aptamer which selectively recognizes S. aureus cells in less than 1 h. When S. aureus cells are present, the solid is selectively uncapped, and the dye is released to the medium. This nanodevice allows the detection of bacterial concentrations between 2 and 5 CFU mL-1 (in buffer and blood, respectively) and it has demonstrated excellent behavior in terms of specificity and robustness. A set of 25 different clinical samples are analyzed using this simple procedure obtaining excellent results, which agree with conventional hospital reference techniques for the identification of S. aureus. This new method is sensitive, rapid and low cost, and avoids steps such as polymerase chain amplification reaction, which makes it suitable for use in point-of-care detection systems., This study was supported by the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and SAF2017-82251-R (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE)), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024), the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (B02-MIRSA project) and CIBER-BBN (NANOPATH and valorization project CANDI-EYE). It has been also co-financed by the EU through the Valencian Community ERDF PO 2014-2020. S.S. thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Social Fund for the financial support "Sara Borrell" (CD16/000237). L.P. thanks to Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for his FPI grant. The authors are grateful for the professional English language editing to Mr. Arash Javadinejad, English Instructor and pubication Editor at the Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2019. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A estrutura química do pentaceno propõe ampla aplicabilidade em dispositivos eletrônicos orgânicos para moléculas do tipo Azaaceno. A fabricação de dispositivos eletrônicos a partir dos semicondutores orgânicos será motivada pelo aumento da capacidade e desempenho dos sistemas, seguido pelo custo reduzido de fabricação. Entender o mecanismo por trás do transporte de carga é fundamental para o design de materiais e dispositivos. Neste trabalho pretendemos calcular as taxas de transferência e a mobilidade de carga através do acoplamento eletrônico e da energia de reorganização entre moléculas paralelas do Tetraazapentaceno pela teoria de Marcus. A transferência de carga, hopping, é baseada na teoria de Marcus é frequentemente usado para prever mobilidades de portadores de carga em cristais orgânicos, embora seja conhecido por subestimar sistematicamente esses valores. Aqui mostramos que essa de_ciência pode estar em um aspecto fundamental das médias estatísticas quânticas, e não na própria aproximação. Utilizamos um procedimento ponderado por Boltzmann para avaliar as integrais de transferência de elétrons e buracos. O Modelo de Monte Carlo Cinético foi empregado para descrever as mobilidades de carga em um derivado de Azaaceno. Os valores estão em boa concordância com dados experimentais sugerindo que a avaliação de integrais de transferência pode ser o elo fraco em modelos de transporte em hopping. The chemical structure of pentacene proposes wide applicability in organic electronic devices for molecules of the Azaacens type. The manufacturing of electronic devices from the organic semiconductors will be motivated by the increase of the capacity and performance of the systems followed by the reduced cost of manufacture. Understanding the mechanism behind charge transport is fundamental for material and device design. In this work we aimed to calculate transfer rates and charge mobility through electronic coupling and reorganization energy between parallel molecules of Tetraazapentacene by the theory of Marcus. Charge hopping based on Marcus theory is often used to predict charge carrier mobilities in organic crystals, although it is known to systematically underestimate the values. Here we show that this deficiency may lie on a fundamental aspect of quantum statistical averages, rather than on the approximation itself. Under adequate Boltzmann weighing procedure used to evaluate electron and hole transfer integrals, a kinetic Monte Carlo model is employed to describe mobilities in an Azaacene derivative. The values are in good agreement with experimental data suggesting that the evaluation of transfer integrals may be the weak link in hopping transport models.

We have developed electrochromic inks and electrolyte materials to enable mass production of flexible electrochromic displays (ECDs) and other optoelectronic devices by screen printing. Here we present a new screen‐printable ink incorporating electrochromic polymer, poly(3,4‐propylenedioxythiophene)bis(ethylhexyloxy), referred to here as ECP‐Magenta, and antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO/TiO2) particles to facilitate electron transport. Their dispersion in a P(VDF‐co‐HFP) binder leads to the formation of a new electrochromic ink that is suitable for screen printing. This strategy opens the door to the preparation of similar electrochromic inks based on other organic or polymeric compounds. This approach is scalable and can applied to different fields. Ion gels (IGs) composed of P(VDF‐co‐HFP) and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are promising solid‐state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, flexibility, elasticity and eco‐friendliness. The electrochemical features of different ion gels were analyzed as a function of composition and nature of the ionic liquid. Hence, new formulations of IGs were developed, evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, before being incorporated into ECDs. The electrochromic performance of ECP‐Magenta ink combined with the RTIL‐based IG was evaluated by terms of spectroelectrochemistry showing that fully flexible ECD operating at voltages below 1 V can be screen‐printed., AGAUR 2016PROD00114

Two azo dyes, acid red 1 (AR1) and acid red 18 (AR18), were used alone or in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for the electropolymerization of a pyrrole monomer. Polypyrrole (PPy) showed higher redox capacity when SDS and AR18 were used simultaneously as dopant agents (PPy/AR18-SDS) than when the conducting polymer was produced in the presence of SDS, AR18, AR1, or an AR1/SDS mixture. Moreover, PPy/AR18-SDS is a self-stabilizing material that exhibits increasing electrochemical activity with the number of oxidation&ndash, reduction cycles. A mechanism supported by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction structural observations was proposed to explain the synergy between the SDS surfactant and the AR18 dye. On the other hand, the Bordeaux red color of PPy/AR18-SDS, which exhibits an optical band gap of 1.9 eV, rapidly changed to orange-yellow and blue colors when films were reduced and oxidized, respectively, by applying linear or step potential ramps. Overall, the results indicate that the synergistic utilization of AR18 and SDS as dopant agents in the same polymerization reaction is a very successful and advantageous strategy for the preparation of PPy films with cutting-edge electrochemical and electrochromic properties.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB Three dye molecules (Dye) of Acid Brilliant Scarlet 3R (AR18), Amido Naphthol Red G (AR1), Indigo Carmine (IC), as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as dopant agents were used for electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) layers onto indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrode. The morphology, electrochemical, optical, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the layers were investigated. The study of the electrochemical behavior showed that the presence of each AR18, AR1, or IC with SDS, had shown an excellent synergistic effect on the electrochemical stability of layers. The morphological characterization of the PPy/dopant(s) using atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the surface roughness in the PPy/IC-SDS layer was 39% and 32% less than the PPy/AR18-SDS and PPy/AR1-SDS, respectively. The absorption spectrum of PPy/dopant(s) in the UV-Vis-NIR wavelength range showed the formation of polaron and bipolaron in PPy chains. Also, the optical bandgap energy of PPy/dopant(s) decreased, and the fully doped state in all PPy films was observed. Spectroelectrochemical properties of the films showed that the simultaneous use of each dye molecule and the surfactant as dopant in PPy layers demonstrated proper electrochemical and optical stability and satisfactory electrochromic parameters. For example, the color contrast of PPy/AR18-SDS was 50%, while this parameter in control sample (PPy doped with lithium perchlorate) was 21%. Also, the cathodic and anodic coloration efficiency showed a 6-fold increase in PPy/Dye-SDS compared to PPy/ClO . In general, according to the results it is likely that by increasing the number of anion groups in the dye molecules and decreasing their dimensions as dopant agents, the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the resultant layer would be improved.

One of the limitations of many skin-patch wearable sensors today is their dependence on silicon-based electronics, increasing their complexity and unit cost. Self-powered sensors, in combination with electrochromic materials, allow simplifying the construction of these devices, leading to powerful analytical tools that remove the need for external detection systems. This work describes the construction, by screen-printing, of a self-powered electrochromic device that can be adapted for the determination of metabolites in sweat by the naked eye in the form of a 3 × 15 mm colour bar. The device comprises a lactate oxidase and osmium-polymer –based anode connected to a coplanar 3 × 15 mm Prussian Blue, PB, cathode printed over a transparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, PEDOT:PSS electrode. An ion-gel composed of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-co-HFP, a gelling agent, and ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, EMIM-Tf, effectively separates the cathode display from the biosensing anode, protecting it from the sample. Despite its cathodic electrochromism, the PEDOT:PSS has a transmission above 90% and does not mask the Prussian Blue colour change because the cathode does not operate below 0 V vs Ag/AgCl at any time. The sensor displays lactate concentrations in the range of 0–10 mM over the length of the electrochromic display, which has a contrast ratio of 1.43. Although full response takes up to 24 min, 85% of the colour change is displayed within 10 min.

En este artículo se discute el valor de la teoría de la subjetividad, desde la Perspectiva Histórico Cultural (PHC), para el campo de la psicología clínica y la psicoterapia. Para esta discusión se explora cómo la traducción y difusión de la obra de Vygotsky en Occidente se vio afectada por diversos factores históricos e ideológicos que impidieron que la PHC se extendiera al campo de la psicología clínica. Además, se discute la propuesta teórica de la subjetividad, la psicoterapia y la Epistemología Cualitativa que elaboró González Rey como una alternativa para generar un puente entre la PHC y la psicología clínica. Al final se discuten aspectos que deben elaborarse en la propuesta de González Rey en su implementación en el campo clínico.

In flexible displays, solid electrolytes promote electron-transfer without compromising system integrity. Ionogels (IGs) are now preferred among other solid electrolytes, e.g. inorganic and hydrogel electrolytes, for being easier to produce than the former and showing excellent properties, including high ionic conductivities, broad electrochemical window, transparency, flexibility, and non-solvent volatility than the latter. IG properties widely depend on the composition and concentration of the ionic liquid (IL) in the polymeric matrix, affecting its transparency, integrity and flexibility. Here, we have investigated the loading and composition of the IL to produce P(VDF-co-HFP)-based IGs to be employed as substrates in the development of flexible photo-electrochromic displays. Single IG layers of P(VDF-co-HFP) loaded with 79% wt. of N1114 TFSI were optimal among the IGs formulations, reaching conductivity values up to 1.06 mS·cm−1, showing high transparency (83% transmittance) and a large electrochemical window (3.2 V), while maintaining flexibility and integrity. The doping of the IG with the photo-electrochromic molecule spiropyran resulted in flexible displays with fast and reversible electrochromic and photochromic dynamics, not affecting the conformational changes of the molecule. These flexible photo-electrochromic displays, due to its simplicity, high-performance and low cost, are foreseen to impact in several fields, including smart windows, smart clothing or gas sensors, among others.

The development of new strategies to detect microRNAs (miRNAS) has become an important challenge in the biomedical field. We report herein the use of oligonucleotide-gated silica nanoparticles for the detection of miRNA-145. In the proposed design, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are loaded with a fluorescent reporter (rhodamine B) and pores are blocked by specific DNA oligonucleotides. The opening of the gated system and dye delivery is selectively controlled by DNA-miRNA recognition. Moreover, the use of DNA capture probes able to form duplex or triplex structures between target miRNA and the complementary oligonucleotides has been studied. By this simple procedure a limit of detection as low as 0.25 pM was found for miRNA. The method was successfully applied to detect miRNA-145 in serum samples, which demonstrates the high potential of these capped materials to detect miRNA for diagnostic purposes., We thank the Spanish Government (projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and CTQ2014-52588-R (MINECO/FEDER)), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014/SGR/624) for support. A.R. thanks UPV for her predoctoral fellowship. S.S. thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Social Fund for the financial support “Sara Borrell” (CD16/000237). V.C.-N. thanks Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte for his predoctoral grant. The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV for support.

[EN] Aptamers have been used as recognition elements for several molecules due to their great affinity and selectivity. Additionally, mesoporous nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential in sensing applications. Based on these concepts, we report herein the use of two aptamer¿capped mesoporous silica materials for the selective detection of ochratoxin¿A (OTA). A specific aptamer for OTA was used to block the pores of rhodamine¿B¿loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Two solids were prepared in which the aptamer capped the porous scaffolds by using a covalent or electrostatic approach. Whereas the prepared materials remained capped in water, dye delivery was selectively observed in the presence of OTA. The protocol showed excellent analytical performance in terms of sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.5¿0.05¿nm), reproducibility, and selectivity. Moreover, the aptasensors were tested for OTA detection in commercial foodstuff matrices, which demonstrated their potential applicability in real samples, We thank the Spanish Government (projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R (MINECO/FEDER)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. A.R. thanks UPV for her predoctoral fellowship. S.S. thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Social Fund for the financial support "Sara Borrell" (CD16/000237). A.B. thanks the Spanish Government for financial support by the "Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion" (IJCI-2014-21534). The authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service at UPV for support.

En el presente artículo doy a conocer la experiencia de cuáles son algunas de las situaciones vivenciales por las que atravesaron los cuidadores de crianza al aceptar cuidar a un niño que se encontró en situación de abandono y maltrato, producto de la investigación cualitativa que se llevó a cabo en el año 2010 en un estudio de casos. Para iniciar con este cometido iniciaré con una pregunta, a saber ¿cómo cuidan a un niño/niña lactante maltratado algunas personas que decidieron recibirlo en su núcleo familiar, después de que éste ha sido dado de alta de una institución de salud? El acercamiento sobre este tema es poco conocido en el ámbito social y de salud en México. Es por esta relación de saberes en los contextos social, salud, psico-emocional e histórico familiar del saber de la importancia, la pertinencia y la preocupación de conocer esta realidad infantil. Hasta en años recientes la disciplina de enfermería se incorporó y formó parte del trabajo interdisciplinario y multidisciplinario de investigación en salud en situaciones de maltrato infantil e inició por cuestionar y preocuparse por este tipo de situaciones, generando algunos puntos de importancia que deben ser tratados más ampliamente sobre las formas en que las familias acogedoras brindan protección temporal del los menores maltratados.

Presentamos un caso clínico cuyo interés es mostrar el Plan de Atención de Cuidados Enfermeros (PLACE). La metodología guiada está basada en la taxonomía NANDA, NOC y NIC, la cual utiliza el modelo de Virginia Henderson de las catorce necesidades, esto con la finalidad de difundir la labor diaria del profesional de enfermería. En el PLACE planteamos la posibilidad también, de referirse a éste, como tratamiento enfermero en un futuro más próximo, cuyos objetivos son aplicar los conocimientos científicos fundamentados, razonados y planeados, a fin de resolver necesidades de salud centrados en la persona desde su padecimiento hasta su rehabilitación, orientados con su método principal: el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE), el cual permite aplicar cuidados a personas sanas o enfermas, pudiéndose aplicar desde una clínica de heridas y ostomías hasta para la gran diversidad de personas en distintas edades que se encuentren en servicios de hospitalización, clínica o a domicilio, así como en aquellas que presenten diferentes necesidades de atención en su salud. El caso clínico difundido es de una mujer con diagnóstico médico de pénfigo vulgar, que presenta lesiones epidérmicas en una gran superficie corporal y úlceras por presión de IV grado a nivel sacro, la cual es intervenida interdisciplinariamente en una Clínica de Heridas y Ostomías (CHO). De acuerdo con lo antes mencionado, haremos énfasis en el tratamiento de enfermería.

R ResumenLa Psicología Industrial/Organizacional (P I/O) enfrenta importantes retos. La creciente polarización e inestabilidad laboral genera profundas transformaciones subjetivas en los trabajadores respecto al valor y significado que asignan al trabajo y a la vida misma. El panorama anterior presenta la urgencia de estudiar de forma crítica el papel histórico de la P I/O y re-plantear el quehacer intelectual de este campo. La principal implicación de esta discusión es la creación de una nueva Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones (PTO) que integre innovadoras coordenadas teóricas y metodológicas para el estudio de los trabajadores en organizaciones y escenarios laborales diversos. Planteamos esta nueva PTO como un campo de estudio transdisciplinario.AbstractIndustrial/Organizational Psychology (I/O P) faces important challenges. Increased polarization and instability of labor generates profound subjective transformations on the value and meaning workers ascribe to work and life. This context presents the need to address critically the historic role of I/O P and to restate the intellectual agenda of this field. The principal implication of this discussion is the creation of a new Psychology of Work and Organizations (PWO) that integrates new theoretical and methodological coordinates to study workers in diverse organizations and scenarios. The new PWO is presented as a trans-disciplinary field.Abst

An integrated method for the parallelized detection of multiple DNA target sequences is presented by using microstructures in a digital versatile disc (DVD). Samples and reagents were managed by using both the capillary and centrifugal forces induced by disc rotation. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), in a bridge solid phase format, took place in separate wells, which thereby modified their optical properties. Then the DVD drive reader recorded the modifications of the transmitted laser beam. The strategy allowed tens of genetic determinations to be made simultaneously within < 2 h, with small sample volumes (3 mu L), low manipulation and at low cost. The method was applied to high-throughput screening of relevant safety threats (allergens, GMOs and pathogenic bacteria) in food samples. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of sensitivity (48.7 fg of DNA) and reproducibility (below 18 %). This scheme warrants cost-effective multiplex amplification and detection and is perceived to represent a viable tool for screening of nucleic acid targets., This research has been funded through projects FEDER PrometeoII/2014/040 (GVA), and CTQ/2013/45875-R (MINECO). The Spanish Ministry of Education and Science provided S.S.F. with a grant for PhD studies.

An integrated device composed of micro-reactors embedded onto compact discs is proposed for real-time targeted DNA determination. The method principle is based on in-disc loop-mediated isothermal amplification (iD-LAMP) and quantitative optical read-out by a disc drive. In the presence of a target, the turbidimetric or colorimetric properties of reaction solution change, and the transmitted intensity of the disc drive laser modifies according to reaction yield. Monitoring real-time curves allowed the quantitative determination of DNA template amounts. The best amplification/detection results were obtained with micro-reactors (2mm diameter and 1.1mm in depth) drilled on a digital video disc (DVD) and detection based on the colorimetric mode. As proof-of-concept, the assay was applied to detect pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp. and to identify bovine meat in food samples. Ninety-six samples were simultaneously analysed in 15min, with high selectivity and sensitivity (5CFU/mL and 10µg/g for bacteria and meat, respectively). The in-disc results were comparable to those obtained by conventional LAMP or qPCR approaches. The developed device allows low sample and reagent consumption (3µL of reaction), portability, ease-of-use, and rapid low-cost high-throughput analyses., This research has been funded through projects FEDER-CTQ/2013/45875-R (MINECO) and Prometeo II/2014/040 (GVA). The Spanish Ministry of Education and Science provided S.S.F. with a grant AP2009-4518 for her PhD studies.

El proceso de atención en enfermería (PAE) tiene como finalidad brindar atención integral y especializada a cada agente de cuidado, impulsando y conservando la salud del usuario cuando lo requiera. Este PAE se realizó en el Hospital "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos" y se utilizó la teoría del déficit de autocuidado de Dorothea Orem. Se trata de Jesús (nombre ficticio), masculino de 66 años con un padecimiento de insuficiencia renal crónica y peritonitis bacteriana; HAS (hipertensión arterial sistémica), DM T2 (diabetes mellitus tipo 2) descontroladas debido a una falta de adhesión al plan terapéutico.

Se aplicó el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) en el hospital “Adolfo López Mateos” acorde al enfoque metodológico enfermero, empleando la teoría del déficit del autocuidado de Dorothea E. Orem, dirigido a un paciente masculino de 24 años con diagnóstico médico de politraumatismo, traumatismo craneoencefálico grado III y hemorragia subaracnoidea, con escala de valoración neurovascular Fisher II. El objetivo de este trabajo es que el profesional de enfermería adquiera opiniones, opciones, conocimientos y habilidades para diagnosticar, brindar tratamientos de enfermería e identificar los factores de riesgo que ayuden al paciente a su pronta recuperación o a mantener su estado de salud-enfermedad no sólo en el aspecto biológico, sino también en el aspecto psicosocial y espiritual, con el fin de prevenir patologías secundarias. Los aspectos teóricos están en proceso de desarrollo y perfeccionamiento. Por dichas razones, la investigación es el puente que une la teoría con la práctica y en donde la búsqueda del conocimiento es la base para formar el juicio y fundamento de las acciones de enfermería.

The development of a DNA microarray method on a digital versatile disk (DVD) is described for the simultaneous detection of traces of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and soybean (Glycine max) in foods. After DNA extraction, multiplex PCR was set up using S'-labeled specific primers for Cor a 1, Ar h 2, and Le genes, respectively. Digoxin-labeled PCR products were detected by hybridization with S'-biotinylated probes immobilized on a streptavidin-modified DVD surface. The reaction product attenuates the signal intensity of the laser that reached the DVD drive used as detector, correlating well with the amount of amplified sequence. Analytical performances showed a detection limit of 1 mu g/g and good assay reproducibility (RSD 8%), suitable for the simultaneous detection of the three targeted allergens. The developed methodology was tested with several commercially available foodstuffs, demonstrating its applicability. The results were in good agreement, in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility, with those obtained with ELISA, PCR-gel agarose electrophoresis, and RT-PCR., This research was funded through projects FEDER MICINN CTQ2010-15943 and by Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2009/028 and PROMETEO/2010/008). The Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia provided S.S.-F. with a grant for her Ph.D. studies.