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Preduodenal portal vein (PDPV) is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction. While half of PDPV cases present with obstructive findings in the neonatal period, the other half are diagnosed incidentally at advanced ages. In half of the obstructed PDPV cases, the cause of obstruction is another congenital anomaly. In our case, the aberrant ventral extension of the pancreas with PDPV caused incomplete duodenal obstruction by compressing the duodenum externally. Özet Preduodenal portal ven (PDPV), duodenal tıkanıklığın nadir bir nedenidir. Yenidoğan döneminde PDPV olgularının yarısı obstrüktif bulgularla ortaya çıkarken, diğer yarısı ileri yaşlarda rastlantısal olarak teşhis edilmektedir. Tıkanmış PDPV vakalarının yarısında, tıkanıklığın nedeni başka bir konjenital anomalidir. Bizim olgumuzda PDPV’ye eşlik eden pankreasın anormal ventral uzantısı duodenuma dıştan bası yaparak inkomplet tıkanıklığa neden olmuştu., Nadir Görülen bir Konjenital Duodenal Obstrüksiyon Nedeni: Preduodenal Portal Ven. [ High resolution figures, metrics, and more: http://lifemedsci.com/a/2022/1/oz/7.htm ] [ This article previously published as: "Somalia Turkey Journal of Medical Science 2020; 1(1): 17-19." Currently, Somalia Turkey Journal of Medical Science was merged with Life and Medical Sciences. ], {"references":["1. Knight HO. An anomalous portal vein with its surgical dangers. Ann Surg 1921; 74(6): 697-9.","2. Georgacopulo P, Vigi V. Duodenal obstruction due to a preduodenal portal vein in a newborn. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15(3): 339-40.","3. Grosfeld JL, Rescorla FJ. Duodenal atresia and stenosis: reassessment of treatment and outcome based on antenatal diagnosis, pathologic variance, and long-term follow-up. World J Surg 1993; 17(3): 301-9.","4. Rusu S, Zaghal A, Choudhry MS. Surgical Decision Making in Preduodenal Portal Vein: Report of Two Cases in Neonates. European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2018; 6(1): e40-e42.","5. Wabada S, Abubakar MA, Mustapha B, Pius S, Khalil J, Abana AK. Congenital duodenal obstruction due to duodenal atresia with preduodenal portal vein, annular pancreas, and intestinal malrotation associated with situs inversus abdominis: a case report. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2015; 3(12): 545-7.","6. Ohno K, Nakamura T, Azuma T, Yoshida T, Hayashi H, Nakahira M, et al. Evaluation of the portal vein after duodenoduodenostomy for congenital duodenal stenosis associated with the preduodenal superior mesenteric vein, situs inversus, polysplenia, and malrotation. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42(2): 436-9.","7. Kim SH, Cho YH, Kim HY. Preduodenal portal vein: a 3-case series demonstrating varied presentations in infants. J Korean Surg Soc 2013; 85(4): 195-7.","8. Dinamarco B, Gonzaga E, França WM, Parron PLE, Soares PJM. Preduodenal Portal Vein (PDPV): A Very Rare Cause of Duodenum Obstruction. Surgical Science 2017, 8, 493-8.","9. Bailey PV, Tracy TF Jr, Connors RH, Mooney DP, Lewis JE, Weber TR. Congenital duodenal obstruction: a 32-year review. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28(1): 92-5.","10. Dalla Vecchia LK, Grosfeld JL, West KW, Rescorla FJ, Scherer LR, Engum SA. Intestinal atresia and stenosis: a 25-year experience with 277 cases. Arch Surg 1998; 133(5): 490-6; discussion 496-7.","11. Escobar MA, Ladd AP, Grosfeld JL, West KW, Rescorla FJ, Scherer LR 3rd , Engum SA, Rouse TM, Billimire DF. Duodenal atresia and stenosis: long term follow up over 30 years. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39(6): 867-71.","12. Mustafawi AR, Hassan ME. Congenital duodenal obstruction in children: a decade's experience. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2008; 18(2): 93-7.","13. Weber WF, Draus JM Jr. Preduodenal Portal Vein: A Rare Cause of Neonatal Bowel Obstruction. Am Surg 2016; 82(9): 775-6.","14. Esscher T. Preduodenal portal vein: A case of intestinal obstruction? J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15(5): 609-12.","15. Fernandes ET, Burton EM, Hixson SD, Hollabaugh RS. Pre-duodenal portal vein: Surgery and radiographic appearance. J Pedatr Surg 1990; 25(12): 1270-2.","16. Mordehai J, Cohen Z, Kurzbart E, Mares AJ. Preduodenal portal vein causing duodenal obstruction associated with situs inversus, intestinal malrotation, and polysplenia: A case report. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37(4): E5.","17. Applebaum Harry, Lee Steven L, Puapong Devin P. Duodenal atresia and stenosis- annular pancreas, pp: 1399–405. In: Grosfeld JL, Oneill JA, Fonkalsrud EW, Coran AG (eds), Pediatric surgery. 2006, 6th ed., Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia.","18. Srivastava P, Shaikh M, Mirza B, Jaiman R, Arshad M. Preduodenal Portal Vein Associated with Duodenal Obstruction of other Etiology: A Case Series. J Neonatal Surg 2016; 5(4): 54.","19. Bansal R, Dhillon KS, Kaushal G. Preduodenal portal vein: A recipe for disaster during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Minim Access Surg 2019; 15(1): 63-4.","20. Kato H, Usui M, Iizawa Y, Tanemura A, Murata Y, Kuriyama N, et al. Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia With Severe Preduodenal Portal Vein Stricture: Success and Pitfall of Portal Vein Reconstruction. Transplant Proc 2016; 48(4): 1218-20."]}

Bu tez çalışmasında, hiç evlenmemiş bekâr gençlerin eş seçiminde sınırlandırıcı inanışları ile benlik modelleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi ve bu ilişkinin bireylerin yaşamlarının çoğunu geçirdiği İstanbul, Ankara ve Şanlıurfa, Mardin şehirleri arasında karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, yaşamlarının çoğunu İstanbul, Ankara, Şanlıurfa ve Mardin illerinde geçirmiş olan 18-27 yaş aralığındaki 531 birey oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların cinsiyet açısından 290 kadın, 240 erkek ve yaşamının çoğunu geçirdiği şehir açısından ise 188 Ankara, 122 Şanlıurfa, 117 İstanbul ve 104 Mardin şeklinde ayrıldıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmada, katılımcıların cinsiyet, yaşamlarının çoğunu geçirdikleri şehir, eğitim durumu, ebeveynlerinin eğitim durumu ile ebeveyn kaybı ve boşanmasına dair bilgilerin elde edilebilmesi adına Demografik Bilgi Formu, bireylerin eş seçimini sınırlandırıcı inanışlarının belirlenebilmesi amacına yönelik REST ile benlik modellerinin belirlenebilmesi adına ÖİBÖ kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlere göre eş seçimini sınırlandırıcı inanışlar ile özerk benlik modeli arasında negatif, ilişkisel benlik arasında ise pozitif yönde zayıf anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyet değişkeni, özerk ve ilişkisel benlik modelleri ile REST'in beraber yaşama, aşk yeterli, çaba gösterme, zıt kutuplar ve tam güven alt faktörleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye (p≤0,05) sahip iken eş seçiminde sınırlandırıcı inanış toplam puanları ve Yalnız ve Tek Doğru ile İdealleştirme alt ölçekleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip bulunmamıştır (p≥0,05). Yaşanılan il açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuç elde edilemeyen tek alt faktör idealleştirme (p≤0,05) olurken; ilişkisel benlik en fazla Mardin'de ve Özerk benlik ise İstanbul'da görülmüştür. Bireylerin eğitim durumuna göre beraber yaşama, anne eğitim durumuna göre idealleştirme ve baba eğitim durumuna göre ise idealleştirme ve zıt kutuplar alt faktörlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç elde edilememiştir (p≤0,05). Diğer tüm alt faktörlerde ise anlamlı sonuçlar (p≥0,05) elde edilmiştir. In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the relationship between constraining mate selection beliefs and self-models of single young people who have never married, and compare this relationship between Istanbul, Ankara and Sanliurfa, Mardin where individuals spentmost of their lives.The participants of the study consisted of 531 individuals between the ages of 18-27 who spent most of their lives in Istanbul, Ankara, Şanlıurfa and Mardin. The participants were divided into 290 women, 240 men in terms of gender and 188 Ankara, 122 Şanlıurfa, 117 Istanbul and 104 Mardin in the city where they spent most of their lives. In order to obtain information about the participants gender, city where they spend most of their lives, education level, education level of their parents and parental loss and divorce, 'Demographic Information Form' used; determine to constraining beliefs of participants RMSA scale used and also ARS used to determine participants self-models.According to the analyzes, there was a weak-negative relationship between constraining mate selection beliefs and autonomous self model and a weak positive relationship between relational self model. While gender variable had a significant effect (p≥0,05) on autonomous and relational self-models and RMSA's subscales which cohabitation, love is enough, ease of effort, opposites complement and complete assurance dimensions. On the contrary gender had not significant effect(p≤0,05) on constraining mate selection beliefs total scores and one and only true and idealization subscales. İn terms of the province where most of the life is spent, the only subdimension is idealization what don't founded the statistically significant effect; most of the relational self was in Mardin and the autonomous self was in Istanbul.There was no statistically significant result in cohabitation according to educational status, idealization according to mother education status, idealization and opposites complement according to father education status (p≤0.05).Significant results (p≥0.05) were obtained in all other sub-dimensions. 171

Bu çalışmada 16. asır divan şairlerinden Fuzulî'nin Farsça ve Türkçe divanlarında yer alan gazelleri aruz ve kafiye bakımından incelenmiştir. Bunun için evvela Fuzulî'nin diğer Farsça divan sahibi Türk şairler arasındaki yerine kısaca temas edilmiş, hayatı ve şahsiyeti üzerinde kısaca durulduktan sonra, divanları ve bunların 'gazeliyât' kısımları hakkında bazı umumi bilgiler aktarılmıştır. Bilahare mümkün olduğunca ana kaynaklara dayanarak Fuzulî'nin gazellerinde aruz ve kafiyenin kullanımı hakkında tafsilatlı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. In this study, the ghazals (lyrics) of Fuzuli are examined in terms of metre and rhyme. In the introduction, we gave some information about poets who wrote in Persian in the Ottoman realm so we can put Fuzuli in his right place. In the first chapter, some information about his divan is given. The second and the third chapters are the main body of this work. In this parts by close examinations of the lyrics of the poet we have tried to make some general remarks on the metre and rhyme of the classical Turkish literatüre. 156

Osteokalsin spesifik olarak osteoblastlarca sentezlenen, kemiğin non- kollajerıöz bir proteinidir. Serumdaki osteokalsin konsantrasyonu osteoblastik fonksiyonu ve kemik turnoverini yansıtır. Serum alkalen fosfataz aktivitesine göre kemik metabolizma indeksini daha spesifik şekilde meydana çıkarır. Yaş, cins ve menapoza bağlı olarak fizyolojik varyasyonlar ile ilgili farklı sonuçlar bildirilmiştir. Farklılığın kısmen, coğrafi ve etnik faktörlere bağlı olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Biz çalışmamızda Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalına müracaat ederek postmenopozal osteoporoz teşhisi konan 37 hasta ve benzer yaşta 20 sağlıklı kişide (kontrol grubu) serum osteokalsin, alkalen fosfataz, kalsiyum ve fosfor düzeylerini araştırdık. Hasta ve kontrol grubunda tüm parametrelerde anlamlı farklılık tesbit edilmedi (p>0.05). Osteokalsin ve alkalen fosfataz düzeyleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon tesbit edildi (p0.05). There was significant correlation between alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels in the patient group (p

i-ÖZBÖLGESEL KALKINMA MODELLERİ VEGÜNEYDOĞU ANADOLU PROJESİ (GAP)GAP, antik çağlarda medeniyetin beşiği olan ve ?Yukarı Mezopotamya?olarak bilinen Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin bütüncül sosyal ve ekonomikkalkınmasını amaçlayan, insan odaklı bölgesel bir kalkınma programıdır.Bu çalışma, kalkınma ve bölgesel kalkınma modellerini planlı kalkınmadöneminin başlangıcından günümüze kadar analiz etmiştir. Araştırmada GAPİdaresinin statüsü ve fonksiyonları gözden geçirilmiştir. Konuyla ilgili olarak bazıaraştırma raporlarındaki değerlendirmeler dikkatle incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak,sosyoekonomik faaliyetlerdeki yükümlüklerinde GAP İdaresinin başarısıtartışılmıştır. -ii-ABSTRACTREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MODELS AND THESOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA PROJECTThe Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) is a human-focused, regionaldevelopment project which has the objective of the complete social and economicdevelopment of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, which was known as `UpperMesopotamia` and was the cradle of civilization in ancient times.The study, analyses development and regional development models from thebeginning of the planned development period to nowadays. In the research, the statusand functions of the GAP Administration have been examined. The evaluationsrelated with the issue at the some research reports have been studied carefully. As aresult, the success of the GAP Administration at the duties in the socioeconomicactivities has been discussed.ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER/KEYWORDSBölgesel Kalkınma : Regional DevelopmentKalkınma Kuramları : Development TheoriesGAP : Southeastern Anatolia ProjectGAP İdaresi Başkanlığı : Southeastern Anatolia Project AdministrationBölgesel Kalkınma Ajansları : Regional Development Agencies 162

ÖZET Çelik malzemelerin kaynaklı bağlantılarını EN 25817 ve TS 7830 standartları ile daha kolay değerlendirmek amacıyla bu tez çalışması yapılmıştır. Kaynak bağlantılarının değerlendirme işleminin daha kolay yapılabilmesi için QBASIC programlama dili ile her iki standart için ayrı ayrı birer bilgisayar programı yazılmıştır. EN 25817 ve TS 8730 standartları için hazırlanmış olan bu programlar iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Programın birinci bölümünde kaynak hatalarının sınır değerleri aranmaktadır, ikinci bölümde ise, kaynak bağlantısının yapılan muayenesi sonucu elde edilen hata değerleri programa yazılarak kaynak hatasının kalite grubu tesbit edilmektedir. Tez çalışmasının l.bölümünde EN 25817 ve TS 7830 standartları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca programların esasını teşkil eden bu standartlar tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. 2. bölümde ise, programların yazıldığı QBASIC program dili hakkında açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Daha sonra EN 25817 ve TS 7830 ile ilgili bilgisayar programlarının nasıl yazıldığı ve kullanıldığı açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak EN 25817 ve TS 7830 ile ilgili yazılmış olan bilgisayar programlan amaca uygun olarak çalışmaktadırlar. vuı SUMMARY The thesis includes a QBASIC program which is used to evaluate the arc - welded joints in steel according to EN 25817 and TS 7830 standards. In the first section of the thesis you will find information about EN 25817 and TS 7830 standards. In addition you will see tables that include limits for imperfections. In the second section of the thesis you will find information about QBASIC program. In addition you will see how the program is written and how it works. 1. The Standard EN 25817 This international standard should be used as a reference in the drafting of application codes and/or other standards. It may be used within a total quality system for the production of satisfactory welded joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The quality level necessary in each case should be defined by the application standard or the responsible designer in conjunction with the manufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The level shall be prscribed before the start of production, preferably at the inguiry or border stage. For special purposes, additional details may need to be prescribed. The quality levels given in this Standard are intended to provide basic reference data and are not specifically related to any particular application. They refer to the types of welded joints in a fabrication and not to the complete product or component itself. It is possible, therefore, for different quality levels to be applied to individual welded joints in the same product or component. Quality levels are listed in table 1. Table 1 - Quality levels for weld imperfections IXThe three quality levels are arbitrarily identified as D, C, B and are intended to cover the majority of practicable applications. It would normally be hoped that for a particular welded joint the dimensional limits for imperfections could all be covered by specifying one quality level. In some cases, however, e.g. for certain type of steels and structures as well as for fatigue loading or leak tightness applications, it may be necessary to specify different quality levels for different imperfections in the same welded joint or to include additional requirements. The choice of quality level for any application should take account of design considerations prior processing, i.e. surfacing, mode of stressing, service conditions, and consequences of failure. Economical factors are also important and should include not only the cost of welding but also that of inspection, test and repair. This standard does not include details of recommended methods of detections and sizing and, therefore, it needs to be supplemented by requirements for exemination, inspection and testing. It should be appreciated that methods of non-destructive examination may not be able to give the detection, characterization and sizing necessary for use within certain types of imperfection shown in table 1. 1.1. Scope This Standard provides guidance on levels of imperfections in arc-welded joints in steel. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for- purpose of the product manufactured. This Standard applies to - unalloyed and alloyed steels; - the following welding processes and their defined sub-processes in accordence with ISO 4063: 1 1 metal-arc welding without gas protection; 12 submerged-arc welding; 13 gas-shielded metal-arc welding; 14 gas-shielded welding with non-consumeable electrode; 15 plasma arc welding; - manuel, mechanized and automatic process; - all welding positions; - butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections; - materials in the thickness range 3 mm to 63 mm. When significant deviations from the joint gemeotries and dimensions described in this standard are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this standard can apply.2. The Standard TS 7830. This standard is most used standard by evaluating the welded joints. The Standard TS 7830 are a Turkish standard that was translated from the DIN 8563 standard. In this standard the imperfections were classified according to testing and inspection methods. TS 7830 include necessary properties for quality guarantee by butt welded and fillet welded joints in steel 2.1. Scope This standard is used for classify the quality groups for butt welded and fillet welded joints in steel. 2.2. Quality levels for the standard TS 7830 The external and internal properties of welding were graded and classified to quality groups for welded joints request. Quality groups are graded from high to low request. Quality groups are listed in table 2. Table 2. - Quality groups for the standard TS 7830 2.3. Imperfection designation of the standard TS 7830 Imperfections are grouped as internal and external imperfections External imperfections - Excess weld metal - Incompletely filled groove - Linear rnisalignment - Excessive asymmetri filled welds - Undercut - Crater - Cavities on surface - Spatter - Starting the arc - Root concav - Lack of fusion on the root - Root notch Internal imperfections - Blowhole XISolid inclusions Lack of fussion Lack of penetration Cracks Crater cavities Lack of penetration filled weld 3. QBASIC Program QBASIC programs are created with specified rules and terms. To create programs it is needed an natural environment. Therefore it is used QBASIC editor. QBASIC editors is a `full page` editor. This means program's lines can be seen all time on the editor, and the cursor can move in all direction freely. Furthermore using mouse makes program writing easy. QBASIC.EXE is a file in the MS-DOS directory. QBASIC is not a compiler. It is a commentator. All written lines are respectively translated in machine language and processed. Therefore it works slower than a compiler. To work on the QBASIC editor it should be written C> QBASIC in the MS-DOS directory and press the key ENTER. After all these the QBASIC editor will be reached. 3. 1 Writing a QBASIC program The program must be written on a clear screen. QBASIC programs are written in free style. Program lines must not be numbered. In spite of numbering the lines the program will work. Before writing a program the problem should be systematic investigated and its all details should be determined. After analysing the problem flow chart can be written. According to the flow chart program lines are written. Then the program is runned, mistakes are determined and eliminated. 4. Using En 25817 and TS 7830 standards with a program A program was created to evaluate welded joints easier by using EN 25817 and T S 7830 standards. QBASIC was used to write program. 4. 1. Program about the standard EN 25817 This program is created to evaluate welded joints in steel by using QBASIC program. The program about EN 25817 is written to look for imperfection levels in quality groups. In addition it is used to determine the quality groups according to imperfection levels. xn4. 1. 1. Writing of the program First the problem was analysed. Then principles of writing were determined. According to these it was decided that the program should contain two subprograms which were explained above. Then it was prepared a flow chart for the program. According the flow chart program lines were written in order. Finally the program ran and all mistakes were eliminated. 4. 1.2. The flow chart of the program Flow chart is used to show the processes of the program in a scheme. It is arranged to write the program easier and without mistakes. The flow chart of the program is shown in figure 1. (start Cycle CSTQp Of RUN Subprogram 2 Figure 1- Flow chart of the program xni4. 1.3. Running the program To run the program you should write C > QBASIC in MS-DOS directory to reach the QBASIC editor. Then press the key `F5`. In other way to run the program you should write C > QBASIC / RUN EN_25817 in MS-DOS directory. After doing one these processes the program will run. 4.2. Program about the standars 7830 This program is similar to the program EN 25817. It is written in the same order as the program above explained. To run the program you should write C > QBASIC / RUN TS_7830 in the MS-DOS directory. You can see both programs in appendix. xiv 79

ÖZET îzole ileal segment endorektal pullthrough (ÜSERP), ülseratif kolit ve uzun segment aganglionosis olgularında tarif edilmiş bir cerrahi yöntemdir1`3. İzole ileal segmentte ne tür değişiklikler olduğu ise bilinmemektedir. Ratlarda ÜSERP sonrası izole segmentteki değişiklikleri araştırmak için kontrol grubu (grup I), fekal akımın olduğu ÜSERP grubu (grup E), fekal akımm olmadığı ÜSERP grubu (grup m) olmak üzere üç grup oluşturuldu. ÜSERP uygulanan gruplardaki ratlar 10 hafta takip edildi. îzole ileal segmentlerde Na, K, glukoz ve su absorbsiyonlan, bakteriyel flora ve histopatolojik ölçümler yapıldı. Grup m, izole segmentte gelişen kullanılmama atrofîsi ve intestinal sekresyonlann lümeni tıkaması nedeniyle yalnızca histopatolojik değerlendirmeye tabii tutuldu. ÜSERP sonrası izole segmentte Na ve K absorbsiyonu bozulmakta, glukoz absorbsiyonu artarken, su değişmeden atılmaktadır. İzole segmentte saptanan anaerob oram (%57) kontrol grubuna göre (%20) daha fazladır. Kontrol grubunda kolonda anaerob oram ise %70 olarak bulunmuştur. Grup n'de izole ileal segmentte, kontrol grubuna oranla anlamlı derecede villus ve kript hiperplazisi gözlenirken (p