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Introduction: Jaundice is one of the most common problems at neonatal period and seen in 60-70% of all newborns at first days of life. Prolonged jaundice is defined as hyperbilirubinemia persisting at the end of week 2 in term newborns. In this study, we reviewed term newborns diagnosed with prolonged jaundice. It was aimed to demonstrate delaying laboratory evaluations for a week in infants with favorable clinical presentation can prevent unnecessary tests in majority of newborns. Materials and Methods: The study included full-term newborns who presented after day 14 of life and diagnosed with prolonged jaundice at neonatology outpatient clinic of Health Sciences University, Keçiören Teaching and Research Hospital in 2016. Overall, 336 infants with prolonged jaundice were screened. The infants with congenital anomaly, those with findings of sepsis or severe infection, those with history of intrauterine infection, those with history of acholic stool and those with no available data were excluded. In 180 patients included, clinical evaluations, bilirubin levels and advanced test results were assessed at baseline and weekly follow-up. Findings: Of the infants included, 51.7% were boys while 48.3% were girls. The most common blood type was A Rh (+). There was ABO incompatibility alone in 24 infants ('4.2%), Rh incompatibility alone in 6 infants (3.5%) and ABO plus Rh incompatibility in 3 infants ('.2%). In '30 infants, total bilirubin was studied on both week 2 and 3. At week 3, total bilirubin value was >10 mg/dl in only 36 infants (27.7%) while it was decreased below '0 mg/dL in 94 infants (72.3%). Urinary tract infection (UTI) was detected in 7 of 38 infants with available tests at week 2. Two of 6 infants with UTI had other clinical signs of UTI. Mean total bilirubin value was '7.9 mg/dL in 5 infants. A significant correlation was found between UTI and vomiting, breastfeeding and feeding pattern (p<0.05). Congenital hypothyroidism was detected in 6 of 38 infants with available tests at week 2. It was seen that 2 infants had suspected congenital hypothyroidism in neonatal heel prick test and underwent further evaluations while mean total bilirubin value was '7.5 mg/dL at week 2 in remaining 4 infants. Given the vast majority of cases are breast milk jaundice, a novel cut-off value was defined for total bilirubin measurement at week 2 to distinguish the cases in which total bilirubin decreases below '0 mg/dL at week 3. Conclusion: Although several disorders that may lead prolonged jaundice at neonatal period have been identified, it is well-known that prolonged jaundice can be seen without any pathological condition in majority of infants fed by breast milk. Delaying laboratory evaluations recommended at week for prolonged jaundice is an approach that may prevent unnecessary testing in most infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. School readiness (SR) has been adopted by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as a component of health supervision, but the medical community’s role is unknown. We evaluated the pediatricians’ attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers to SR. Methods. This multicenter, cross-sectional descriptive study was performed among 787 general pediatricians, pediatric residents, subspecialists, and subspecialty fellows. A 41‐item survey was administered. Results. Forty-nine point two percent of the pediatricians defined SR as a multidimensional issue, as outlined by the AAP, whereas 50.8% defined it as the child’s set of skills or passing the SR tests. Three-quarters of pediatricians believed that SR assessment tests are necessary before starting school, and children who do not appear ready should wait a year. To promote SR, the rates of usually fostering at least four of the five “Rs” (reading, rhyming, routines, rewarding, relationships) and integrating developmental surveillance into daily practice were 37.8% and 23.8%, respectively. Only 2.2% of pediatricians usually inquired about eight adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and 68.9% did not usually ask about any. Usually fostering at least four of the five “Rs” was associated with usually integrating developmental surveillance (p<0.001), usually inquiring about each ACE (p<0.001), and being perceived as responsible for promoting SR (p<0.01). Training on SR during pediatric residency was 2.7%. Time constraints and insufficient knowledge were the most common barriers. Conclusions. Pediatricians were not familiar with the concept of SR and had some misconceptions. There is a need for additional training regarding pediatricians’ roles in promoting SR along with addressing multiple, modifiable barriers within the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dermatological signs of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) in children are uncommon and different from adults. The majority of infected children were asymptomatic, and cutaneous symptoms of infection in children usually appear several weeks after the disease. This article describes four different cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children, including chilblains, erythema multiforme-like lesions (EM), urticaria, and vesicular rash in terms of recalling to mind COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The laboratory and imaging methods are not sufficiently sensitive to determine precisely the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin in neonates. The neuron-specific enolase and calcium binding protein B, which are sensitive biomarkers of cellular damage in the central nerve system, were used in the present study to demonstrate possible neurotoxic effects of bilirubin below 20 mg/dL. We hypothesized that neuron-specific enolase and calcium binding protein B might be helpful for our purposes. Material and Methods: The present study included 33 full-term infants hospitalized for phototherapy treatment (patient group) along with 29 healthy full-term infants (control group). The serum bilirubin levels of the patient group were all below 20 mg/dl. Two serum samples were obtained from all 62 infants at an interval of at least 48hrs which were used for the measurement of bilirubin, calcium binding protein B, and neuron-specific enolase levels. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of the serum levels of calcium binding protein B between the patient and control groups but there was a significant difference of the serum levels of neuron-specific enolase between the groups. In addition, there were no significant changes in the levels of calcium binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase among the patient group before and after the phototherapy. Conclusion: We conclude that, considering the serum levels of calcium binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase, a serum bilirubin level of <20mg/dL had no neurotoxic effect on the central nerve system. The results of the present study are consistent with the accepted safe level of bilirubin, <20mg/dL, in a full-term newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center is the property of Annals of Medical Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mucormycosis of the intestine is a rare fungal infection of childhood and is mostly encountered in neonates. It is a potentially lethal opportunistic fungal infection with rapid progression and high mortality in immunocompromised patients. The number of reported cases with intestinal mucormycosis is 19 to date. We herein report an asphyxiated preterm infant with intestinal mucormycosis who was presented with an atypical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), with findings similar to an intraabdominal mass. The diagnosis was made in the postmortem examination of the surgically removed bowel segment. Prematurity and asphyxia are important risk factors for mucormycosis. We suggest that the diagnosis of gastrointestinal mucormycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical NEC cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Family Practice / Türkiye Aile Hekimligi Dergisi is the property of Deomed Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)