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Background and Aims: Scorzonera ketzkhowelii Sosn. ex Grossh. (Asteraceae) was reported as a new species in the Flora of Turkey in 2010. However, there have been no prior biological or chemical investigations conducted. Methods: This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions derived from S. ketzkhowelii, and determination of secondary metabolites by Liquid Chromatography with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis on the most active antimicrobial fractions. Results: Notably, all of the fractions demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms, with the dichloromethane fraction of the aerial part exhibiting a higher inhibition of microbial growth compared to the other extracts. The findings of our study revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds in the dichloromethane fractions from both the aerial and subaerial parts, including 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, salicylic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, hyperoside, naringenin, apigenin, hispidulin, hispidulin 7-glucoside, chrycin, emodin, and carnosic acid. Furthermore, dichloromethane fraction of the aerial parts contained additional phenolic compounds such as homogentisic acid, verbascoside, (+)-trans taxifolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, luteolin, orientin, and chrysoeriol. Conclusion: The plant's demonstrated antimicrobial attributes and the diverse range of phenolic compounds it contains present it as a promising subject for continued research and potential applications within the realms of medicine and pharmaceuticals. Further exploration of its bioactivity and potential health benefits may reveal novel avenues for its practical utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants of the genus Taraxacum Wigg., have long been used as medicinal herbs. A phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Taraxacum bessarabicum (Hornem.) Hand.- Mazz. subsp. bessarabicum (Hornem.) Hand.-Mazz. (Asteraceae) yielded two coumarins [esculetin (1), cichoriin (2)], three flavonoids [ luteolin (3), luteolin 7-O-ß-D-glucoside (4), gossypetin (5)] and six phenolic acids and their derivatives [ p-coumaric acid (6), caffeic acid (7), ferulic acid (8), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (9), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (11)]. Their structures were established conclusively by UV, ESI-MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR spectra analyses and comparison with literature data. The presence of these compounds has been shown for the first time from this species. This is the first report of the isolation of compound 5 from the genus Taraxacum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its geographic location, variable climate and traditional culture, Turkey has a rich flora and the use of plants in folk medicine is very favorable. That practice and knowledge have been passed down from generation to generation. Ethnobotanical surveys are carried out to record traditional treatment methods of plants. In this study, which was prepared by screening of ethnobotanical researches made in Turkey, 241 taxa were recorded in the traditional treatment of hemorrhoids. Information about scientific and local names, families, used parts and usage patterns of these plants are given. According to the research results, the most commonly used plants in hemorrhoid treatment are plants belonging to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Araceae, Polygonaceae and Cupressaceae families. The species commonly used in different regions of Turkey are Achillea sp., Arum sp., Cichorium intybus L., Dracunculus vulgaris Schott, Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich., Ficus carica L., Hypericum perforatum L., H. scabrum L., Juglans regia L., Peganum harmala L., Rosa canina L., Rubus sp., Sambucus ebulus L., S. nigra L., Teucrium polium L., Urtica dioica L., Verbascum sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its geographic location, variable climate and traditional culture, Turkey has a rich flora and the use of plants in folk medicine is very favorable. That practice and knowledge have been passed down from generation to generation. Ethnobotanical surveys are carried out to record traditional treatment methods of plants. In this study, which was prepared by screening of ethnobotanical researches made in Turkey, 241 taxa were recorded in the traditional treatment of hemorrhoids. Information about scientific and local names, families, used parts and usage patterns of these plants are given. According to the research results, the most commonly used plants in hemorrhoid treatment are plants belonging to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Araceae, Polygonaceae and Cupressaceae families. The species commonly used in different regions of Turkey are Achillea sp., Arum sp., Cichorium intybus L., Dracunculus vulgaris Schott, Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich., Ficus carica L., Hypericum perforatum L., H. scabrum L., Juglans regia L., Peganum harmala L., Rosa canina L., Rubus sp., Sambucus ebulus L., S. nigra L., Teucrium polium L., Urtica dioica L., Verbascum sp.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaves of Scorzonera incisa DC. (Asteraceae) are eaten raw against diabetes and headache. Evaluation of medicinal, edible plants using profiling methods has become a common phenomenon. Petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), and n‐butanol (BU) fractions were prepared from ethanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Isolation by HPLC and phenolic profiling by validated LC‐MS/MS method with 53 compounds were conducted on the EA fraction. GC‐MS method was used to profile the PE fraction. In‐vitro inhibitory activities of all fractions against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, AChE, BChE, tyrosinase and urease enzymes were measured. Isoorientin, vitexin, cynaroside and chlorogenic acid were isolated and characterized from the EA fraction as major compounds. LC‐MS/MS analysis quantified 36 compounds in the EA fraction. 20 compounds were tentatively determined in the PE fraction. Compounds with the same molecular and fragment ions, a low percentage of identified compounds, and very close polarities were revealed to be some limits of the nature for LC‐MS/MS profiling. Particularly, the presence and amount of substances other than the standard compounds used in the profiling methods and possible misdetections should not be neglected in evaluating medicinal plants and establishing a correlation between compounds and bioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) is considered a taxonomically difficult genus with its more than 160 species. Scorzonera bella (SB) and S. veratrifolia (SV) species have been treated as synonyms since 1975. Recent botanical studies suggested the separation of the two taxa based on phenetic dissimilarities. Isolation, LC-MS/MS (including 53 phytochemicals as standard), and GC-MS (followed by library search) analyzes were conducted on the aerial parts of the plants to compare their phytochemical compositions and contribute to the classification of the two taxa. While flavonoid profile of SB was dominated by flavones, the majority of SV consisted of flavonols, among the analyzed standards. Nicotiflorin, the most abundant compound of SV, was the most notable difference which was not determined in SB. Kaempferol glycosides might be chemotaxonomic markers for the classification at subgenus levels. Caffeoylquinic acid esters were in common and similar amounts according to profiling and isolation results. Phytochemical compositions of nonpolar fractions of the plants differed significantly in phthalic acid esters, ursane, and hopane type triterpenoids which were only determined in SV. Phytochemical findings supported the separation of the two taxa. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-hyperpigmentation potentials of the plants were evaluated in-vitro. [Display omitted] • Scorzonera bella and S. veratrifolia are characterized by flavone and flavonol derivatives respectively. • Kaempferol derivatives might be important for the chemotaxonomy of the genus. • Caffeoylquinic acid esters showed no chemotaxonomic significance. • Significant differences were determined in nonpolar fractions of the plants. • Phytochemistry results supported the separation of the two taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and DNA protecting activities of the aerial parts of Glaucium grandiflorum var. grandiflorum were evaluated. The lyophilized methanolic extract of the aerial parts of G. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum was investigated for potential in-vitro antioxidant properties in thiobarbituric acid test using the lipid peroxidation of liposomes, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl, 2, 2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) free-radicals and hypochlorous acid scavenging assays. The extract demonstrated antioxidant activity in all the assays. The (AChE) inhibition capacity of the lyophilized methanolic extract at 320 µg/mL (80.75 ± 1.59%) was found to be strong and almost equal to the inhibition capacity of the positive control, galantamine (82.23 ± 2.21%) at 25 µg/mL. The significant AChE inhibitory activity suggests that the extract may be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The extract also showed inhibitory activity against plasmid DNA damage (94%), as well as COX-2 69.05%, which is a target for many anti-inflammatory and cancer-preventive drugs. These results indicate that G. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum methanolic extract is an excellent source of compounds with antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory properties that prevent DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]