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3. Have Learning Analytics Dashboards Lived Up to the Hype? A Systematic Review of Impact on Students' Achievement, Motivation, Participation and Attitude

Author

Kaliisa, Rogers, Misiejuk, Kamila, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Khalil, Mohammad, and Saqr, Mohammed

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computers and Society, 97U50, 97D60
Abstract

While learning analytics dashboards (LADs) are the most common form of LA intervention, there is limited evidence regarding their impact on students learning outcomes. This systematic review synthesizes the findings of 38 research studies to investigate the impact of LADs on students' learning outcomes, encompassing achievement, participation, motivation, and attitudes. As we currently stand, there is no evidence to support the conclusion that LADs have lived up to the promise of improving academic achievement. Most studies reported negligible or small effects, with limited evidence from well-powered controlled experiments. Many studies merely compared users and non-users of LADs, confounding the dashboard effect with student engagement levels. Similarly, the impact of LADs on motivation and attitudes appeared modest, with only a few exceptions demonstrating significant effects. Small sample sizes in these studies highlight the need for larger-scale investigations to validate these findings. Notably, LADs showed a relatively substantial impact on student participation. Several studies reported medium to large effect sizes, suggesting that LADs can promote engagement and interaction in online learning environments. However, methodological shortcomings, such as reliance on traditional evaluation methods, self-selection bias, the assumption that access equates to usage, and a lack of standardized assessment tools, emerged as recurring issues. To advance the research line for LADs, researchers should use rigorous assessment methods and establish clear standards for evaluating learning constructs. Such efforts will advance our understanding of the potential of LADs to enhance learning outcomes and provide valuable insights for educators and researchers alike.

Published
2023

5. A modern approach to transition analysis and process mining with Markov models: A tutorial with R

Author

Helske, Jouni, Helske, Satu, Saqr, Mohammed, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, and Murphy, Keefe

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Computer Science - Computers and Society, 60J10
Abstract

This chapter presents an introduction to Markovian modeling for the analysis of sequence data. Contrary to the deterministic approach seen in the previous sequence analysis chapters, Markovian models are probabilistic models, focusing on the transitions between states instead of studying sequences as a whole. The chapter provides an introduction to this method and differentiates between its most common variations: first-order Markov models, hidden Markov models, mixture Markov models, and mixture hidden Markov models. In addition to a thorough explanation and contextualization within the existing literature, the chapter provides a step-by-step tutorial on how to implement each type of Markovian model using the R package seqHMM. The chaper also provides a complete guide to performing stochastic process mining with Markovian models as well as plotting, comparing and clustering different process models.

Published
2023

6. Temporal network analysis: Introduction, methods and detailed tutorial with R

Author

Saqr, Mohammed

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Computer Science - Computers and Society, 37E25, E.1
Abstract

Learning involves relations, interactions and connections between learners, teachers and the world at large. Such interactions are essentially temporal and unfold in time. Yet, researchers have rarely combined the two aspects (the temporal and relational aspects) in an analytics framework. Temporal networks allow modeling of the temporal learning processes i.e., the emergence and flow of activities, communities, and social processes through fine-grained dynamic analysis. This can provide insights into phenomena like knowledge co-construction, information flow, and relationship building. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of temporal networks, their types and techniques. A detailed guide of temporal network analysis is introduced in this chapter, that starts with building the network, visualization, mathematical analysis on the node and graph level. The analysis is performed with a real-world dataset. The discussion chapter offers some extra resources for interested users who want to expand their knowledge of the technique.

Published
2023

28. An introduction and tutorial to model-based clustering in education via Gaussian mixture modelling

Author

Scrucca, Luca, Saqr, Mohammed, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, and Murphy, Keefe

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, 62H30
Abstract

Heterogeneity has been a hot topic in recent educational literature. Several calls have been voiced to adopt methods that capture different patterns or subgroups within students behavior or functioning. Assuming that there is an average pattern that represents the entirety of student populations requires the measured construct to have the same causal mechanism, same development pattern, and affect students in exactly the same way. Using a person-centered method (Finite Gaussian mixture model or latent profile analysis), the present tutorial shows how to uncover the heterogeneity within engagement data by identifying three latent or unobserved clusters. This chapter offers an introduction to the model-based clustering that includes the principles of the methods, a guide to choice of number of clusters, evaluation of clustering results and a detailed guide with code and a real-life dataset. The discussion elaborates on the interpretation of the results, the advantages of model-based clustering as well as how it compares with other methods.

Published
2023

29. Trends on Communication, Educational Assessment, Educational Innovation, Identity, Smart Learning, and Doctoral Consortium at TEEM 2023

Author

Amo-Filva, Daniel, Balbín, Ana María, Conde, Miguel Ángel, Fidalgo-Blanco, Ángel, Fonseca, David, Gamazo, Adriana, García-Holgado, Alicia, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, Hernández-García, Ángel, Martín-Lucas, Judith, Molina-Carmona, Rafael, Morais, Ricardo, Muñoz Rodríguez, José Manuel, Olmos-Migueláñez, Susana, Pessoa, Teresa, Piñeiro-Naval, Valeriano, Ramírez-Montoya, María Soledad, Sánchez-Holgado, Patricia, Sánchez-Prieto, José Carlos, Saqr, Mohammed, Sein-Echaluce, María Luisa, Villagrá-Arnedo, Carlos J., Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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30. The Dynamics of Students’ Playing Profiles in a Programming Educational Escape Room

Author

López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Gordillo, Aldo, Barra, Enrique, Saqr, Mohammed, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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31. Mapping the Topics, Trends, and Themes of Education Technology in Legal Education with Topic Modeling and Network Analysis

Author

Huhta, Kaisa, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Saqr, Mohammed, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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32. More Data is not Always Better Data: An Exploratory Learning Analytics Study in Early Prediction

Author

Rai, Pranuj, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Elmoazen, Ramy, Saqr, Mohammed, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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33. How a Learning Analytics Dashboard Intervention Influences the Dynamics of Students’ Learning Behavior

Author

Akçapınar, Gökhan, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Er, Erkan, Saqr, Mohammed, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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34. Why Learning and Teaching Learning Analytics is Hard: An Experience from a Real-Life LA Course Using LA Methods

Author

Saqr, Mohammed, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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35. Capturing the Sequential Pattern of Students’ Interactions in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

Author

Elmoazen, Ramy, Saqr, Mohammed, Tedre, Matti, Hirsto, Laura, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Gonçalves, José Alexandre de Carvalho, editor, Lima, José Luís Sousa de Magalhães, editor, Coelho, João Paulo, editor, García-Peñalvo, Francisco José, editor, and García-Holgado, Alicia, editor

Published
2024
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45. Computing Education Research in Schools

Author

Dagienė, Valentina, Gülbahar, Yasemin, Grgurina, Natasa, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, Saqr, Mohammed, Apiola, Mikko, Stupurienė, Gabrielė, Apiola, Mikko, editor, López-Pernas, Sonsoles, editor, and Saqr, Mohammed, editor

Published
2023
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