Search

This study introduces a new design for an ultra-compact shared-aperture antenna utilizing a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) cavity. The proposed antenna operates as a 4 × 4 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system in three 5G/6G millimeter-wave (MMw) bands, while functioning as a single element antenna for a 5.5 GHz wireless fidelity Microwave (Mw) band. The antenna comprises four QMSIW cavity resonators; each QMSIW is loaded with dual slots to produce tri-band MMw operation at 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 0.13 THz. The four cavities are arranged to reuse the entire aperture by creating a conventional open-loop antenna that operates at a frequency of 5.5 GHz. Simulation, measurement, and co-simulation results show that the proposed antenna has a quad-band operation and exhibits favorable characteristics. The measured scattering parameters validate the simulated ones over the four bands under consideration. The lowest values of the measured total radiation efficiencies are 80%, 73%, 62%, and 72% (co-simulation) within the four covered bands, respectively. The antenna peak gains are 1.8 to 1.85 dBi, 4.0 to 4.5 dBi, 4.3 to 4.5 dBi, and 6.5 to 6.6 dBi within the covered bands. Furthermore, the design satisfies MIMO and diversity conditions (envelope correlation coefficient and branch power ratio) over frequency bands of operation. All excellent results are achieved from an ultra-compact size in terms of footprint area (0.018λ02), where λ0 represents the free space wavelength at 5.5 GHz. The antenna boasts an excellent reuse aperture utilization efficiency (RAU) of 92% and a large ratio frequency of 23, making it an ideal candidate for compact devices. With its superior performance, the proposed design is well-suited for a range ofs wireless communication systems, including mobile devices and the Internet of Things.

A distilled water dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a wide frequency-tuning range and high efficiency is presented in this article. It consists of a water resonator and a ground plane with a wideband bowtie feeding slot. The water resonator, having tunable dimensions, is employed to achieve frequency-reconfigurable characteristics. Mechanical switches and a microfluid pump are integrated to control the tuning process. The water DRA, with and without the liquid control system, is designed with a simulation tool and then fabricated and measured to validate the antenna's performance. It is demonstrated that the antenna exhibits high total efficiency (g80%) across a wide frequency-tuning range from 168 to 474 MHz (for S11, -10 dB) with a very compact volume of 278 t 278 t 131 mm3 (0.155l t 0.155l t 0.073l at 168 MHz). Compared with traditional reconfigurable antennas, this design provides a wider frequency-tuning range, a more compact size, and a higher degree of design freedom. It is therefore a promising candidate for very high-frequency (VHF) and ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) applications.

A self-isolated 10-element antenna array operating in the long-term evolution 42 (LTE42) frequency band is proposed for 5G massive MIMO smartphone applications. The proposed antenna elements are placed in a 2D array configuration; they are placed symmetrically along the two long edges of the mobile chassis. The proposed antenna structure is a shorted loop antenna resonating at half-wavelength mode, which is rarely deployed by researchers due to its large size compared to other quarter wavelength antenna structures. It is a printed, shorted, and compact loop antenna of a total footprint area of $6\times6.5$ mm2 ( $\lambda /14.3\times \lambda $ /13.2, where $\lambda $ is the free space wavelength at 3.5 GHz). A small capacitive coupling flag-shaped strip is used to excite the proposed loop antenna. The compactness is achieved using an inward meandering that forms an internal loop in the element. The position and the dimensions of this loop are used to tune the resonant frequency and matching level at 3.5 GHz. The results (theoretical, simulated, and measured) show that the 3.5 GHz band (3.4-3.6 GHz) is achieved with impedance matching better than −10 dB, and total efficiency higher than 65%. A $10\times10$ MIMO system is formed and it has an excellent MIMO and diversity performance in-terms of the envelope correlation coefficient (below 0.055), and apparently it has the highest channel capacity (about 54.3 bps/Hz) among other MIMO systems of the same order. Simulation results of the specific absorption rate (SAR) demonstrates that the proposed antenna solution satisfied SAR criterion. Thus, the proposed ten-element MIMO antenna represent an excellent candidate for sub-6 GHz 5G smartphone applications.

A new, hybrid, nona-band antenna of the size 80 × 8 × 5 mm3 is proposed for recent metal-rimmed smartphone applications. The proposed design is composed of a metallic frame (external antenna) and an internal radiating structure. The proposed antenna is attached to the top part of the smartphone. It uses a microstrip feed as a direct coupling line for the internal radiating structure. The feed also represents a capacitive coupling feed for the overall metal-rim antenna structure. The metal rim with a small gap of 2 mm is connected to the system printed circuit board by two grounding points. The proposed antenna excites four coupled loop modes, three slot monopole modes, three dipole modes, and one monopole mode. By incorporating the excited modes, the proposed antenna covers all recent smartphone applications in the frequency range between 0.79 and 6.0 GHz. The proposed design is described with great details and both simulated and measured results are used to establish its validity. The antenna performance with mobile phone components is also investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed antenna represents an excellent candidate for applications such as GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300, LTE2500, LTE3500, and WiFi5500 bands.

Nowadays, emerging technologies are transforming education. Specifically, engineering education has been affected the most from this trend. In fact, the use of technology in teaching and learning influences the teaching and learning experience in our society. Therefore, this work is carried to evaluate the use of modern teaching strategies and technology tools in Jordanian engineering education. This work is to further encourage faculty in Jordanian universities to use digital technologies and adopt recent teaching strategies. This study is a questionnaire-based study that was conducted at engineering faculties in Jordanian universities. One hundred responses from engineering teaching professors were collected through google forms. The results of this pilot study clearly depict that most of the Jordanian engineering teachers are still using the traditional means for teaching engineering. Consequently, there is an essential need to build the capacity of our engineering faculties and enable them to use digital tools to enrich their teaching experience. This study provides an opportunity for policymakers in Jordan to assess the impact of emerging technologies on teaching and learning and update the regulations and policies of education accordingly.

The huge and continuous evolution in mobile communications industry increases the popularity and importance of mobile communications sector in daily life of communities. This increases the jobs in this sector since 2000 and huge numbers of university graduates’ engineers are enrolled in working inside this field. However, the absence of industry-related mobile communications course has motivated Electrical Engineering Department at Mutah University to develop a new and unique course that satisfies the industry needs and reducing the gap between mobile industry and academia. This paper shows that the bachelor degree in communication engineering is the most disseminated electrical engineering major. Accordingly, the mobile communications modules (courses) in Jordanian universities are analyzed to highlight the gap with industry needs and evolutions. To highlight the industry expectation and the required skills from newly fresh graduate communications engineer, an online form is distributed among seniors, juniors and experts’ engineers in the industry. Finally, the new course objectives, context are established at Mutah University/BSc Communications Engineering course plan. The results of the course workshops and the feedback provided by students and industry representatives indicate that the developed course and its approach have achieved the goal.

A transmitarray far-field beam scanning performance is illustrated based on the behavior of its focal region fields. It is shown that the oblique incidence of a plane wave on a transmitarray surface, forces the near-field focal point to shift mainly laterally with respect to the transmitarray surface. This behavior is shown useful in investigating a transmitarray far-field beam scanning. A beam scanning of 30 degrees is shown possible with no more than 1dBi gain loss.

A compact, low profile and multiband dual-element folded strip monopole is presented for mobile phone MIMO applications. Both the compactness and the multiband operation are achieved by loading the folded strip with a split ring resonator (SRR). The antenna elements are placed on the same mobile PCB arm in order to achieve angle diversity that enhances ports isolation, especially below 1 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves isolation of higher than 12 dB, enveloped correlation coefficients (ECC) of less than 0.1, apparent diversity gain around 10 dB and total efficiencies of greater than 60 within the frequency band of interest (GSM850, DCS1800, PCS1900, and LTE2500).

A dual-polarized rectangular slot rectenna is proposed for ambient RF energy harvesting. It is designed in a compact size of $55 \times 55 \times1.0$ mm3 and operates in a wideband operation between 1.7 to 2.7 GHz. The antenna has a two-port structure, which is fed using perpendicular CPW and microstrip line, respectively. To maintain both the adaptive impedance tuning and the adaptive power flow capability, the rectenna utilizes a novel rectifier topology in which two shunt diodes are used between the DC block capacitor and the series diode. The simulation results show that RF-DC conversion efficiency is greater 40% within the frequency band of interested at -3.0 dBm received power.

Indoor localization and tracking systems are harvesting more attention from the researchers. Recently, several approaches for localization systems have been proposed that use the sensors which are ...

It has been shown that the correlation between the radiation patterns of two antennas can be measured in a reverberation chamber (RC). In this paper, it is shown that the self-correlation coefficient of an antenna, defined as the correlation between the radiation pattern of an antenna under test (AUT) and a transformed version of itself, can also be measured in an RC. It is found that the 3-D radiation pattern of the AUT can be reconstructed from the measured self-correlation coefficient by using spherical wave decomposition. Moreover, the axial ratio of the AUT can also be measured efficiently in the RC, when the pattern is directional. Numerical simulations and measurements in the RC and in an anechoic chamber have been undertaken. Good agreement is obtained, which confirms the validity of the proposed method. Thus, this novel method can become a very useful, cost-effective, and efficient method for 3-D antenna radiation pattern measurement.

A new MIMO antenna for metal-rimmed smartphone is proposed to cover four discrete wide bands of 0.79-0.965, 1.7-2.8, 3.3- 3.9 and 4.6-6.0 GHz. The antenna utilizes both the feed line and the metal frame to achieve multi-resonant modes. The feed line is modified with small radiating parts to create resonance modes in the mid and high frequency bands. The design operates with an acceptable isolation level without any isolation circuitry. The simulated results are used to confirm the MIMO antenna performance, the results shows that the proposed design represent a promising MIMO antenna solution for current metal-rimmed smartphone 4G applications.

A simple planar inverted-f antenna for universal serial bus dongles covering the frequency from 1.6 GHz to more than 3.6 GHz in a single band is presented in this paper. The height of the planar inverted-f antenna is only 3 mm and the dimensions of the ground plane are set equal to the usual size of a universal serial bus dongle (20 mm $\times $ 55 mm). For further enhancement in impedance bandwidth, a rectangular strip is etched on the ground plane. The frequency bands covered by this antenna include LTE / AWS / UMTS (1700), DCS (1800), PCS / LTE (1900), IMT / UMTS (2000), AWS / LTE (2100), WLAN / Bluetooth (2450), WiMAX / LTE (2500-2700), and LTE (3500) and can be employed in universal serial bus dongle applications for 3rd generation and 4th generation wireless communication standards. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to compare the measured results with the simulated ones.

In this letter, a broadband, low-profile, hybrid water antenna is proposed. The hybrid structure combines the resonance of the dielectric resonator (DR) and the resonance of the monopole together to cover the required frequency band. The unique features of the water DR are transparency, reconfigurability, and liquidity, which allows complex structures (including the antenna feeding line) to be placed and tuned inside water easily. Both the computer simulations and measurements are conducted to validate the antenna performance. The proposed antenna has a -6 dB impedance bandwidth from 430 to 900 MHz (a fractional bandwidth of 70%). Compared to other antennas for this band, this new antenna has a wider bandwidth, more compact size, and simpler structure. It is therefore a very promising candidate for hand-portable applications such as DVB-H (470-862 MHz).

In this letter, a compact, frequency-reconfigurable antenna with a wide tuning range is proposed. It consists of a folded monopole structure, a transparent dielectric loading, and a varactor diode. The use of a water layer and a holder as the transparent dielectric loading can effectively reduce the antenna size, while keeping the antenna with a reasonable bandwidth and high efficiency. This new antenna occupies a compact volume of $17 \times 14 \times 4\ \hbox{mm}^{3}$ ( $0.0237 {\lambda } \times 0.0196{\lambda } \times 0.006{\lambda }$ at 419 MHz). By controlling the dc voltage over the varactor diode, the operating frequency of the antenna can be continuously tuned from 419 to 883 MHz, which is a very wide tuning band for an electrically small antenna. Both the computer simulation and measurement are conducted. The results demonstrate that it is a very promising candidate for hand-portable devices.

Liquid antennas have attracted increasing attention recently. In this letter, a promising candidate for liquid antennas, namely water with propylene glycol (PG), is investigated using both measurement and numerical simulation approaches. The nonlinear least-squares fitting routines are employed to derive new formulas for the approximation of the complex permittivity of the liquid. The permittivity of this liquid at various temperatures and substance concentration levels are investigated. The results are obtained and compared to the measurement. Good agreements are obtained, and new comprehensive knowledge is gained. In particular, the permittivity of water with PG at various conditions is reported for the first time. These results should be very useful for a range of applications such as liquid antenna designs.

In this article, a wideband, hybrid rectangular water antenna is proposed to cover the digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) band. The hybrid structure combines a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and a monopole antenna to effectively double the available bandwidth without compromising other characteristics. With a proper design, the resonance of the DRA and the resonance from the feeding probe are combined to produce a wideband response. The proposed antenna has an extremely wide bandwidth from 464 to 1017 MHz (for S11

This study aims to simplify the diversity gain measurement in a reverberation chamber since the conventional method requires two extra antennas: a transmitting antenna and a reference antenna with known radiation efficiency. By incorporating the one- or two-antenna method for the radiation efficiency measurement in a reverberation chamber and taking advantage of the enhanced backscattering effect, the proposed method in this letter does not need extra antennas, and only the antenna under test is enough to complete the measurement. A virtual antenna is introduced to help understand the proposed method. The measurement results obtained from the proposed method show a good match with the results obtained from the conventional method; preconditions and limitations of the proposed method are also identified and discussed.

This work presents a new simple low-profile and compact planar inverted-E antenna (PIEA) which is a modified form of planar inverted-F antenna having two shorting plates instead of one. A slot is inserted on the ground plane to further enhance the impedance bandwidth of this antenna. This PIEA covers the frequency band from around 1700 MHz to more than 2700 MHz in a single band which covers most of the frequency bands used in 2G, 3G, and 4G applications. The height of this antenna is h = 5 mm which makes it suitable for handheld applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2103–2107, 2014

A new, multimode capacitive-fed antenna of size 80×5×4.5 mm3 is proposed for recent WWAN/LTE smartphone wireless applications. The antenna is located to the top edge of the mobile chassis; it occupies a very small non-ground area of 4.5 mm width. The structure is composed of three-edge coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) and two shorting strips. It uses a microstrip feed as a direct coupling line, which is attached to a dual L-shaped strips used to excite different radiating modes. The proposed antenna excites three monopole modes, four dipole modes,and three coupled-fed loop modes. By incorporating the excited modes, it covers all wireless standards and applications that are usually incorporated in recent smartphone devices between 790-6000 MHz. The operation mechanism is discussed and the final design is fabricated and tested in free space. Finally, a dual-element antenna is proposed for the implementation of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology. Both results(simulated and measured) of performance parameters of the single element design, and the dual-element design show that the proposed design can be an excellent candidate for resent WWAN/LTE smartphones.

An ultra-compact water loaded, 3D reconfigurable antenna is presented for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) applications. By integrating a varactor diode, the operating frequency of this antenna can be continuously tuned from 463 to 900 MHz. A mixture of the water and water holder is effectively utilised as a dielectric loading to reduce the size of the antenna by 50%. The radiating element occupies a very compact volume (0.013λ × 0.016λ × 0.005λ at 470 MHz). Measurements are conducted to qualify and validate the antenna performance. It is demonstrated that this new antenna is an excellent candidate for UHF and DVB-H applications.

A new low-profile dual-element antenna is proposed for hexa-band Smartphone MIMO applications. It consists of two antenna structures in which, each one excite orthogonal characteristic mode to achieve isolation very easily below 1 GHz. Both elements (the metal frame antennas and the internal PILA antenna) are is analyzed and optimized in terms of the reflection coefficient and the current distribution. The final design (dual-element) is made and tested in terms of S-parameters, envelope correlation coefficient, mean effective gain and the diversity gain. The results show that this design is a good candidate for hexaband MIMO applications and in particularly suitable for such as GSM850/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/LTE2500/LTE3600 mobile applications.

A compact multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna system of four-element planar inverted-L antenna (PILA). The antenna elements are installed along the corners of a PCB board. To mitigate the mutual coupling effect, compact parasitic decoupling elements are used between elements. The design covers a very wide 6dB return loss bandwidth (1700–3500 MHz) with isolation level better than 10 dB. Both simulated and measured results are obtained, and the results demonstrate that the proposed antenna is a very good candidate for mobile diversity and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) applications in recent 4G systems.

This paper presents a new two-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for LTE application using an unbroken metallic rim as the primary antenna and a non- resonant capacitive coupling element (CCE) as a diversity antenna. The primary antenna covers 698–960 MHz and 1710–2690 MHz and the diversity antenna cover 1710–2690 MHz Average efficiencies above 70% and 50% have been achieved by the metallic rim antenna and non-resonant CCE respectively. A trapezoidal shaped feed is used to improve the high band performance. The unbroken metallic rim provides extra mechanical stability to mobile phones and saves the antenna space. Good isolation between the antenna elements has also been achieved. Both antennas are optimized by efficient matching circuits and conform to the requirements of ultra slim modern mobile phones.

Water antennas are a special type of liquid antennas and have attracted increasing attentions recently. In this paper, novel water antenna designs with different working mechanisms are presented. The achievable performance of water antennas designed for wide bandwidth, compactness, low profiles are illustrated. The water based antenna can be a conducting antenna, a hybrid antenna or a dielectric loaded antenna. The results demonstrate that water antennas are very promising candidates for wireless communications.

This letter presents a very simple low-profile and compact single-element two-port planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with applications in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) bands. The two feeding plates are placed perpendicular to each other where polarization diversity is exploited due to the fact that the two ports are cross-polarized. To isolate the two feeding ports, a slot is etched on the ground plane. This single-element PIFA has a height of h=5 mm, which makes it suitable for handheld applications and covers a wide frequency band from around 2.1 to 2.9 GHz for dB, therefore having applications in WLAN (2.45 GHz) and LTE and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) band (2.5-2.7 GHz), and can be used as a 4G terminal antenna for diversity and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) applications .

A low profile and compact (26×13×4 mm3) folded strip monopole antenna is proposed for multiband mobile phone applications. The antenna simply consists of a main strip (folded monopole) coupled with an inner split ring resonator. To offer both compactness and multiband, the inner rings are edge-coupled with the main strip. The design covers applications like GSM 850, PCS 1900, and LTE 2500. A prototype is fabricated and tested; the simulated results are found to be in good agreement with the collected and calculated measured ones. The results showed that the proposed antenna can be a good candidate for recent hand portable devices.

A new Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna using two modified planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) is presented in this paper. Both modified PIFA antennas are identical with each having two shorting plates instead of one shorting plate and a slot on the top radiation plate for impedance matching to increase the bandwidth of the antennas. Two slots are inserted on the ground plane to further enhance the impedance bandwidth. Isolation between the two modified PIFA antennas is achieved with the use of a strip connecting the feed plates of the two antennas. Both elements of the modified PIFA cover the frequency band from around 1800 MHz to around 2800 MHz which covers LTE/PCS (1900), UMTS/IMT (2000), LTE/AWS (2100), WiBro (2300), WLAN/Bluetooth (2450) and LTE/WiMAX (2500-2700) and can be used as a 3G and 4G antenna for MIMO and diversity applications.

A new wideband, very low profile (3 mm), PIFA antenna is proposed. It utilizes two collinear feeds, ground plane slots and modified top radiating plate to reduce the mutual coupling between the feeds and improve the impedance matching. The proposed antenna has a 10-dB impedance bandwidth from 2.25 to 3.2 GHz or a fractional bandwidth of 35 %. It covers several important wireless applications such as 2.4 GHz WLAN, bluetooth, four LTE bands (bands 7, 38, 40 and 41) and S-DMB band 2.63-2.655 GHz. Both simulated and measured results are presented to quantify and validate the antenna performance. It is demonstrated that this new antenna is an excellent candidate for mobile diversity/MIMO applications.

This paper presents a modified planar inverted-L antenna (PILA) for mobile handset applications. The proposed antenna has a low profile with a wide bandwidth. It covers most of cellular mobile system frequency bands, such as 2G systems DCS 1800 (1710-1880 MHz) and PCS 1900 (1850-1990 MHz), 3G system likes UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), it is also compatible with 4G systems (LTE and LTE-Advanced between 1700 MHz and 2700 MHz). Furthermore, WiFi (2400-2448 MHz), Bluetooth and S-DMB frequency bands are also covered by this design. This antenna comprises a small top plate which is fed by a feeding strip and a modified ground plane which plays an important role in changing the strong capacitive electric field between the top plate and the ground plane. To widen the lower frequency to 1700 MHz, the top plate is also modified, and excellent results have been obtained.

This paper presents a simple low profile modified form of PIFA with two shorting stubs. Two shorting plates and a slot on the top radiating plate are used to do impedance matching for enhancing the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. This modified planar inverted-F antenna covers the frequency band from 1650 MHz to around 2600 MHz in a single band which covers most of the frequency bands used in mobile handset applications including LTE/AWS (1700), DCS (1800), LTE (1900), PCS (1900), UMTS/IMT (2000), LTE/AWS (2100), WLAN/Bluetooth (2450) and LTE/WiMAX (2600). Simulated results are compared with measured results to validate the conclusion.

A dual-feed, water-based dielectric resonant antenna (DRA) is proposed for hand portables. It works over 2.4 to 3.34 GHz to cover 2.43 GHz WLAN, Bluetooth, three LTE bands (band 7, band 38 and band 41) and 2.63 S-DMB band. A ground defect structure is employed to provide a decoupling path between the antenna ports, and at the same time it increases the radiation efficiency of the structure because it acts as a radiator. Simulated results are presented to validate this new design which occupies a very small space.

A new single element Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with two ports is presented in this papers. By placing the two feeding plates perpendicular to each other, polarization diversity is employed using one common radiating plate with successful provision of two isolated feeding ports. Isolation between the two ports is achieved by introducing a slot on the ground plane. This single element PIFA can act as two separate antennas and covers the frequency band from 2.35 GHz to 2.80 GHz, therefore having applications in WLAN (2.45GHz) and LTE band (2.5 GHz -2.7GHz) for diversity and MIMO applications.

In this paper, a novel U-shaped dielectric resonant antenna (DRA) with a small size but wide bandwidth is introduced. The antenna is made of a very high permittivity material (e r = 81) and has a novel shape that supports multimode. The size of the proposed antenna is smaller than other DRAs published for the frequency bands 2.4 GHz–3.0 GHz while the achieved impedance bandwidth for S11 < −10 dB is about 22%. Thus this antenna can be a good candidate for IEEE 802.11 b/g for WLAN (2.4℃2.5 GHz) and LTE (2.5℃2.7 GHz) applications, and can be modified for applications in other frequency bands.

A monopole water antenna with a relative permittivity of 81 and a variable conductivity has been studied. Three issues are addressed in the paper. Firstly, the relationship between the conductivity and antenna radiation efficiency is investigated. Secondly, a new feeding design for the water antenna is proposed and a good return loss, radiation efficiency and radiation pattern are obtained. Thirdly, experiments are conducted in anechoic and reverberation chambers to evaluate its performance. Good agreements are achieved between the simulation and measurement results. With different conductivity, the antenna may be regarded as a dielectric resonant antenna, a conducting antenna or their combination. This type of antenna can be considered as an attractive alternative to conventional antenna for various applications.