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This paper explores the relationship between the categories assigned to the Wikipedia articles with the description and metadata generated in Wikidata. It is proposed to use the categorization of Wikipedia articles to enrich the description of entities in Wikidata. For this, the literals of the categories could be processed using natural language processing techniques (NLP), establishing patterns that allow the identification of properties as well as entities or values ​​with which to construct statements for an entity. The sequence of operations would be the following: 1) Selection of a coherent set of categories, 2) Establishment of patterns of processing of literals and assignment to properties and elements of Wikidata, 3) Creation of declarations with qualifiers for each category processed and 4) Programming of bots for the automatic processing of categories, enrichment and validation of Wikidata element descriptions. The technique shown in this paper focuses on the use of different properties and entities of Wikidata to develop point 3. The automation of a process to enrich and validate the declarations of each element, would allow to reuse existing edition dynamics. It would also help to elaborate a scheme of concepts of higher quality, by specifying the meaning of the categories that suppose a composition of several terms and that actually solve descriptive needs by other means.

This paper shows the description of the conceptual aspects of audiovisual content through the Audio-Visual Semantics ontology (AVS) that allows to represent actions, characteristics and interactions between entities and / or elements with a multilevel granularity. For this, it is considered that the audiovisual pieces are composed of sequences. In these sequences it is possible to identify different happenings that can be described. Happenings are composed of a series of elements such as agents, actions, targets or other events. The use of qualifiers (specifying their scope and value) is contemplated to define qualities or attributes of the different elements that intervene in an event. The agents, actions, objects and qualifiers are not defined extensively in the ontology itself, but are referenced as concepts of SKOS vocabularies, which avoids modifying the AVS ontology and allows to define semantic relations between concepts and multilingual labeling. Currently, the AVS ontology is in development and in the validation phase through the description of audiovisual pieces and the verification of the results obtained.

This article reflects on the concept of source code as it is applied to areas other than computer programming, and relates it to scientific communication, network activism, and micropolitical actions. The usefulness of learning the essential aspects of programming as a universal language and digitizing of objects, buildings, and historical sites in 3D, by digital libraries of cultural heritage, are discussed.

Numerous social-oriented collaborative technologies, called social technologies, are presented within the framework of digital literacy. They have an impact in the empowerment and self-organization of individuals and groups as they set their own goals and increase their influence in public opinion. These digital platforms also help to obtain practical outcomes by new forms of interchange.

The sharing of research data is a hot topic at the international level, especially due to the development of e-science, based on collaborative working methods that use technology in an intensive manner. The amount of digital data and of its sharing is growing fast, and a lack of proper management could limit the potential benefits to stakeholders (researchers, governments and public funding agencies, research managers and libraries, and finally the publishing sector). The aim of this review is first to place the sharing of electronic research data in the context of its appearance and of open environments; secondly, it describes the life cycle model of data preservation; finally, it describes several initiatives dealing with methodologies and technologies. In parallel, international developments and highlights needs that exist in Spain are described.

A general overview of the different semantic markup formats and the existing technologies to incorporate explicit semantic information (microformats, microdata and RDFa) is provided. Services are described that automate, to some extent, semantic annotation processes (Sindice, Calais, AlchemyAPI and DBPedia Spotlight), while characterizing the complete cycle of this process in a particular CMS (Wordpress) using a specialized plugin (RDFaCE-Lite). Finally, in order to quantify the creation and connectivity of semantically marked content on the Web, the space formed by all Spanish universities (and a selection of 25 international institutions) is analysed with Sindice. Semantic page count and visibility indicators (inlinks, outlinks, internal and third party) are calculated for the sample. The results indicate limited presence of semantically marked content in the universities and highly isolated web visibility of this content.

This work presents trends and models for electronic publishing of nonfiction books, with emphasis on education resources. The context of institutional publishers (universities, cultural centres) is outlined, from the point of view of global online publishing strategies that try to improve productivity by combining technologies and open licenses, innovations in format, and content repurposing and reuse.

This article explains how libraries, archives, museums and other cultural centres are involved in the Wikimedia Foundation's free knowledge projects, such as Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. It also describes activities that strengthen openness in topics of interest to cultural institutions and generate enthusiasm through article edit-a-thons and other participatory initiatives.

Wikipedia came into being in cyberspace. Its early years were marked by asynchronous work by users located all over the world who hardly ever related on a personal level outside the net. With time, some of the volunteers met at what were called wikimeetups, encounters initially aimed at tightening bonds which did not bring about any direct improvement to the project content. Face-to-face initiatives later took place that involved not just volunteers but also cultural entities. The most recent event and the one with the greatest impact was Wiki Loves Monuments 2011, a competition to photograph monuments in 18 European countries, including Spain. The high level of participation led to 160,000 photographs of monuments being taken, with Spain occupying the third place in terms of number of photographs. In this paper we explore the origins, implementation, development and results of Wiki Loves Monuments. The success of the 2011 edition and requests from other countries has led to organization of Wiki Loves Monuments 2012, which will be held at the global level.

Review of major 2011 developments in the field of bibliographic cataloguing, document management and documentary languages. The use of content management systems for web publishing, the emergence of new approaches such as web experience management and the integration of web productivity components are analyzed

The tensions between centralization and decentralization in complex enterprise web sites are addressed from the perspective of conventional information architecture, based on the “islands of information” metaphor used by Rosenfeld and Morville. The needs include the identification and shaping of information spaces, the ability to manage multiple autonomous websites consistently, and a deeper knowledge of enterprise information architecture methodologies.

The importance for libraries, archives and cultural heritage institutions of open innovation on the basis of linked open data basis is discussed. As the web evolves into a global data space, libraries should provide their datasets using RDF technologies and open licenses to strengthen innovative services developed by third parties reusing their metadata and digital contents.

A guide for Wikipedia student edition as a collaborative active learning activity is presented. Whereas the use of wikis in the classroom is widely documented, the educational possibilities of Wikipedia itself are not so much. We offer a classification of participatory activities suitable for being carried out by the students in the development of the curricular contents. One of the most relevant aspects is the transformation of the critical and distrustful speech towards the Wikipedia in a direct knowledge of its scope, process of production and systems of quality control. In addition, it is a good opportunity to improve a widespread source of information among university undergraduates that has a real impact and for the students to develop a more critical and active use of information sources.

This paper presents the characteristics and functionalities of the Wikimedia Commons image databank shared by all Wikipedia projects. The process of finding images and ilustrating wikipedia articles is also explained, along with how to add images to the bank. The role of cultural institutions in promoting free and open cultural heritage content is highlighted.

This paper justifies participation by public libraries in designing and publishing in “localpedias” as a way to promote collaboration in the creation of local content. For this purpose, the “localpedia” concept is explained and some of the main Spanish localpedia experiences described. Finally, some difficulties in consolidating this way of creating and sharing local knowledge are discussed.

Having observed the progress of museums in the computerization of collections, the author warns about the need to ensure that the cataloguing efforts adopt appropriate technological solutions to produce value on Web 2.0. Metadata should be able to define complex cultural objects much more broadly than the simple description of a single piece or monument. Context and environment information should be added. Formal description processes should not be limited to inside the museum.

Review of the role and possibilities of blogs, wikis, webquests and other Internet tools to improve information literacy.

An understanding of information literacy programs should evolve to empower people and communities. These programmes would serve as training in those types of social technologies that enhance the capability of self-organization, social and democratic influence, alternative systems of consumption and services, and so on. Keeping in mind the social and technological attempts to face situations of scarcity caused by the present European economic crisis, the framework of this approach is in the main documents of the European Union concerning citizenship skills, as well as in social demands on open government (transparency, participation and collaboration). Based on the absence or inadequacy of the issues in the syllabi of most information literacy programmes, guidelines are suggested in order that they may be promoted by library systems and other public networks of socio­educational action, emphasizing learning for social innovation.

Reflection on the role of public libraries in the digital information environment. The appropriate digital content niche that concerns libraries working in a collaborative approach with other cultural and local institutions is defined. The need for community-oriented content and crowdsourcing is described. Libraries could act as mediators between local cultural agents to support information quality and licensing in social web sites.

This work seeks to analyse how Internet becomes a means through which Virtual Communities arise, as an evolution of the traditional concept of community. Concerning web portals their main characteristics and services are studied. The authors conclude about the importance of applying documentation techniques to Virtual Communities projects, and the usefulness of community models for the diffusion of information in our institutions.

This paper explores the relationship between the categories assigned to the Wikipedia articles with the description and metadata generated in Wikidata. It is proposed to use the categorization of Wikipedia articles to enrich the description of entities in Wikidata. For this, the literals of the categories could be processed using natural language processing techniques (NLP), establishing patterns that allow the identification of properties as well as entities or values with which to construct statements for an entity. The sequence of operations would be the following: 1) Selection of a coherent set of categories, 2) Establishment of patterns of processing of literals and assignment to properties and elements of Wikidata, 3) Creation of declarations with qualifiers for each category processed and 4) Programming of bots for the automatic processing of categories, enrichment and validation of Wikidata element descriptions. The technique shown in this paper focuses on the use of different properties and entities of Wikidata to develop point 3. The automation of a process to enrich and validate the declarations of each element, would allow to reuse existing edition dynamics. It would also help to elaborate a scheme of concepts of higher quality, by specifying the meaning of the categories that suppose a composition of several terms and that actually solve descriptive needs by other means.

Introduction. The paper develops a framework for identifying the level of penetration and maturity of linked data technologies, as a specific facet of the W3C open model for the semantic Web, in the field of libraries, archives and museums. Method. The paper applies the conceptual framework of the classical theory of diffusion of innovations, along with patterns of life-cycle analysis of technologies (hype cycle) developed by Gartner Group. We compose a model for the analysis of global factors, adapted to the nature of linked data technology. Results. A framework for identifying the level of maturity of the linked data technology drivers is outlined. Our analysis indicates that, despite the intense activity detected in the libraries and archives sector, there is still not enough balance between publication, consumption, regulation and technologies to state that we are entering in the phase of maturity. Conclusions. More linked data initiatives aimed at apps and consumer data are needed, besides exploiting collaborative aspects and build further networks with entities outside the field of libraries, archives and museums. We assume that leadership from the biggest institutions will continue and open innovation will be intensified.

This paper shows an approach to solve the traditional problems of conventional hypertext systems. It shows aspects such as disorientation, absence of a relationship establishment methodology and a type of links, as well as a lack of theoretical development on the use of hypertext in corporate or global networks (internet) and the treatment given to hypertext as a passive tool for information searching. It proposes a navigational interface model that formalizes the internal structure of hypertext and navigation within these networks, a series of tools to support the information query and a normalization in the typology of relationships. There are also guidelines for the management of hypertext systems in the network and a definition of the Hyperdocument as an active structure for the acquisition of knowledge. As conclusion, it is indicated that the development and extension of the hypertext goes through formalizing its structure and navigation mechanisms at the individual user level and in networks. The model proposed in this study is called Documentary Hypertext.

This paper reviews the main issues in the preservation and reuse of research data (including benefits, life cycle, projects and regulations) and identifies the lack of a world register of data banks, repositories and libraries. It describes the creation of a web tool that lists these kinds of data stores and classifies them by field. This tool is called the International Registry on Research Data (ODiSEA) and it describes the number of data stores worldwide and the topics they cover. The registry makes it easier to discover new data sets, which can be recombined from a multidisciplinary perspective to promote innovation and increase returns on science investments.

Book review of: Guía práctica para el uso del ordenador en la creación literaria: De la pluma a la araña de J. Carro, Y B. Wang. Madrid: Ediciones y Talleres de Escritura Creativa Fuentetaja, 1997

DBpedia y Wikidata are two semantic projects built on the top of Wikipedia encyclopedic content that has been crowdsourced, created, and maintained by thriving online communities. This article outlines differences and similarities between these two projects, pointing out their data models, curation patterns, and technologies. In addition, it forecasts some possible trends for their co-evolution as crossdomain open knowledge graphs and their significant value as hubs of interlinking datasets of various domains.

We propose to include cooperative learning methods in teaching of information literacy skills.