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Acknowledged as a far-reaching pedagogical method, Project-Based Learning is nationally imperative in Indonesian education despite the disinclination of its execution. This paper scrutinizes the phonetics and phonology-based English pronunciation dimensions and scaffolding traits as the bases to devise the scaffolding assignments for PBL execution, explores the process of PBL with scaffolding assignment adoption, and examines whether the exertion of the PBL enhances the academic achievement of English pronunciation and autodidacticism as Self-Directed Learning skills. The study exploits design-based research through repetitive actions of analysing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. The result exhibit that the scaffolding assignments are designed by decomposing the phonetics and phonology pronunciation-related conceptions into smaller tasks of English pronunciation learnings and trainings based on instructional scaffolding fundamentals. The scaffolding assignments infused PBL is applied through orientation, action, reflection, and presentation stages which cover the learning activities of launching the project as the entry event marked with the driving question disclosure; building knowledge, understanding, and skills to answer the driving question; developing the project products and answers to the driving question; and presenting the products and answers to the driving question. The exertion of the PBL with scaffolding assignments is proven influential in promoting the students' English pronunciation and SelfDirected Learning skills.

Detailed mathematical reasoning abilities can help students to understand higher mathematical abilities, including proving, problem-solving, and critical thinking. However, based on surveys and research, students' mathematical reasoning abilities are low and require significant attention. Therefore, this study aims to gain a detailed picture of the mathematical reasoning abilities of students who got the social cognitive learning (SCL) model and students who got the problem-based learning (PBL) model by considering the students' mathematical self-efficacy (MSE). The study used a quasi-experimental Nonequivalent post-test-only group design with 70 students from class 11 SMA in one school in Bandung. The data collection used a Mathematical Reasoning Ability test and a mathematical Self-efficacy Questionnaire to classify MSE levels as low, moderate, or high. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and a 3x2 factorial design. According to the study results, students taught using the SCL model had better mathematical reasoning abilities than those taught using the PBL model. Moreover, students with high MSE levels exceed low MSE levels in math abilities. The SCL model enhances students' mathematical reasoning abilities and expands the range of social cognitive theory's applicability of mathematics.

Involving the global issues as listed in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education is necessarily done in the education process, especially in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. Exposure to global issues is known to improve students' understanding, awareness, and ability to solve urgent issues faced by global society. This paper aims to find out the trend of research on the coverage of SDGs in students' learning process. This systematic literature analysis was done by applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Method. A total of 25 studies were recognized through a systematic search by using Sustainability, SDGs, and EFL as keywords. The result shows that the trend of associating SDGs with EFL settings was done mostly in Indonesia. In the recent year 2022, it reached the highest number of studies in the particular matter with 7 total of research. It was also found that the study involving SDGs on EFL learning was mostly done in the tertiary setting, compared with K-12, junior high school, secondary, high school, and other educational institutions. It was also discovered that the specific area of study enhances EFL students' learning achievement, environmental awareness, global citizen values, as well as students' levels of self-norms, beliefs, and self-value.

This study aims to determine the roles of teachers and the problems found when using MALL-based strategies in SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar during Emergency Remote Teaching. This study is a mixed-method design. The respondents were 8 English teachers. There are three instruments used in this study namely, questionnaires, observation sheet and interview guide. The results of validity show 1.00 while the results of reliability showed .874. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative data were used interactive model analysis. The results of the questionnaire refer to Very True of Me and True of Me, meanwhile the results of the observations identified that 7 of 8 teachers had been practiced this role. In interview session with the teachers the problems found are 1) as a facilitator, not all of the students can answer well in quiz, 2) as a resource developer, many students think English is a difficult subject, 3) as a counselor, many students did not attend the online classes, 4) as a manager/organizer, lack motivation in learning, 5) as a participant, teacher does not take part in discussions and 6) as a controller, have not been able to control all of students activities in using MALL. Further, teaching by technology can be applied continuously for future learning, either for full or as blended learning.

Purpose: We explore a new approach to the study of cognitive effort involved in listening to speech by measuring the brain activity in a listener in relation to the brain activity in a speaker. We hypothesize that the strength of this brain-to-brain synchrony (coupling) reflects the magnitude of cognitive effort involved in verbal communication and includes both listening effort and speaking effort. We investigate whether interbrain synchrony is greater in native-to-native versus native-to-nonnative communication using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: Two speakers participated, a native speaker of American English and a native speaker of Korean who spoke English as a second language. Each speaker was fitted with the fNIRS cap and told short stories. The native English speaker provided the English narratives, and the Korean speaker provided both the nonnative (accented) English and Korean narratives. In separate sessions, fNIRS data were obtained from seven English monolingual participants ages 20-24 years who listened to each speaker's stories. After listening to each story in native and nonnative English, they retold the content, and their transcripts and audio recordings were analyzed for comprehension and discourse fluency, measured in the number of hesitations and articulation rate. No story retellings were obtained for narratives in Korean (an incomprehensible language for English listeners). Utilizing fNIRS technique termed sequential scanning, we quantified the brain-to-brain synchronization in each speaker-listener dyad. Results: For native-to-native dyads, multiple brain regions associated with various linguistic and executive functions were activated. There was a weaker coupling for native-to-nonnative dyads, and only the brain regions associated with higher order cognitive processes and functions were synchronized. All listeners understood the content of all stories, but they hesitated significantly more when retelling stories told in accented English. The nonnative speaker hesitated significantly more often than the native speaker and had a significantly slower articulation rate. There was no brain-to-brain coupling during listening to Korean, indicating a break in communication when listeners failed to comprehend the speaker. Conclusions: We found that effortful speech processing decreased interbrain synchrony and delayed comprehension processes. The obtained brain-based and behavioral patterns are consistent with our proposal that cognitive effort in verbal communication pertains to both the listener and the speaker and that brain-to-brain synchrony can be an indicator of differences in their cumulative communicative effort.

This study aims to describe a learning model of sociology education based on case studies of banking crimes for university students. Sociology learning is considered one of the most important studies for students at the Faculty of Social Sciences. That is why this study can examine the interactions and cases that occur from the perspective of the perpetrator and the victim. Thus, this study can be considered an interesting study to present learning as a form of case study in sociology lectures. Contextual learning is one of the correct learning models used as steps in learning. The study used a qualitative method employing a case study. Researchers used interviews, observations, and document analysis in the data collection process. The number of respondents of this study was 20, consisting of five lecturers and 15 students from the sociology department. The findings of the study revealed that contextual learning models can be an alternative in teaching sociology because this learning model can be used by presenting problems in daily life and problems related to banking crimes. In the end, the lecturers can conduct an evaluation, and the result is that the students can obtain and improve their abilities about banking crimes. Contextual learning can also foster student engagement where students actively give their opinions in class, and gain knowledge and curiosity when learning it.

This study aims to test the effectiveness of using environment-oriented e-books based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to empower problem-solving skills. The research design used is a Nonrandomized Control Group, Pretest-Posttest Design. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research sample was 70, grade X students of Colomadu State High School. The sample was divided into two groups: the control group using powerpoint media and conventional learning models and the treatment group using PBL-based environment-oriented e-books. The material used in the research is ecosystems in biology subjects. The instrument used to obtain data on problem-solving skills is an essay test. Data analysis using ANCOVA (p = 0.05%) with pretest value as a covariate. The results showed that PBL-based environment-oriented e-books had the most significant increase in problem-solving skills scores compared to the control class.

One hundred and twenty shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and 22 garlic (Allium sativum) samples were collected from major growing regions and markets to determine the distribution and molecular diversity of 3 potyviruses: leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) in Indonesia. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 83% of shallot and all garlic samples were infected by at least 1 virus species. Coat protein (CP) region of 8 Indonesian LYSV, 19 OYDV, and 10 SYSV isolates were sequenced and given accession nos. OR772038-OR772082 in NCBI GenBank. Five isolates were recombinants according to analysis using the Recombination Detection Program (RDP v5.30). The phylogenetic tree deduced that 6 LYSV Indonesian and 2 China imported isolates belong to S-type. All tested OYDV isolates, including the 19 isolates, were clustered separately according to their respective hosts: onion and garlic. The 10 Indonesian SYSV isolates were clustered together in the same group and thus shown to be closely related. All isolates tested in this study were estimated to be still within their respective species demarcation according to percentage identity analysis. This was the most comprehensive molecular study on LYSV, OYDV, and SYSV that may help to find sustainable management strategies according to conditions in Indonesia and contribute to the global knowledge on the genetic diversity of the 3 viruses.

Abstract Kotagede, the capital of the ancient Mataram Kingdom and currently an area in the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia, is known as a ‘real living museum’. It was previously a residential area with many vital premises and heritage buildings that became a tourist area. Its locally established activities enrich the visual and sound environment of the vicinity. However, it has gradually lost its distinguishing sounds. A series of studies aims to improve the possibility of restoring past soundmarks to preserve the intangible heritage and make living museums as rich as possible. This paper reports the initial stage of the series, which focuses on capturing the rich historical sounds of Kotagede. The study was carefully designed to collect comprehensive data on heritage sounds using qualitative methods consisting of an initial focus group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews, and a final FGD. These methods resulted in a large amount of data that were processed and classified using the descriptive phenomenology approach with the Colaizzi protocol. The study found that Kotagede has various soundmarks grouped into local and outside sounds. The locally rooted sounds can be grouped into eight categories, some of which can be extended as past and present sounds and a few that have persisted from the past to the present. In the subsequent stage, this classification and local leaders' concerns helped the researchers select and prioritise sounds for preservation and tourism purposes. The study emphasises the importance of choosing suitable participants to provide detailed and comprehensive information.

This study aims to investigate students' and teachers' challenges in learning EFL in a distance learning context for 162 eleventh-grade students and one English teacher in SMK Nusa Dua Toya Anyar Kubu, Karangasem in the academic year of 2020/2021. This study used a mixed-method as the data were collected through questionnaires for the quantitative data and interviews for qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS to find the mean score and used TCR guidelines of categorization developed from Sugiyono (2017), while the qualitative data were analyzed according to the steps by Miles and Huberman (1994). The result of students' challenges is found that the challenges related to instructional variables (lack of explanation from teachers and limited opportunity to practice four English basic skills) were categorized as the highest challenges experienced by the students compared to institutional and individual variables. In addition, the result of the teacher's data analysis found that the evaluation and assessment variables are the highest challenges compared to access and motivation variables. Understanding the role of a teacher as the instructor in distance learning is important to improve students' ability and can minimize the students' challenges in distance learning.

Diffusion of digital literacy and technological practices in 21st-century learning has become a constructive force in EFL classrooms in North Bali, Indonesia. To align this, the study aimed at developing a gamification handbook in English teaching and learning. The study was carried out with 15 secondary students and 10 English teachers in North Bali, Indonesia through the design and development design research (DDR). The obtained data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis and analyzed qualitatively through Interactive Model Analysis. The quality of the developed product was obtained through Interrater Agreement Model. The result of the study shows there is an urgent need to develop a gamification handbook aimed at effectively integrating 21st-century skills, digital literacy, and technological practices in English teaching and learning context. Based on the quality check on the product, the gamification handbook was classified as an excellent media, and therefore ready to be used. Further study needs to be conducted to explore the specific impact of the gamification handbook on students' performance in learning.

Pada proses pembelajaran, pemberian materi pada siswa didukung peranan media pembelajaran. Implementasi konsep gamifikasi memperkaya media dan dapat meningkatkan minat siswa dalam penggunaan aplikasi tersebut. Penelitian ini mengembangkan media pembelajaran elektronik pada pengenalan materi sistem pendukung keputusan klinis atau clinical decision support system (CDSS). Pada dunia medis konsep CDSS cukup dikenal, sehingga pembelajaran ini kemudian diadopsi ke proses pembelajaran dalam bentuk mata kuliah. CDSS adalah sistem komputer untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan penyakit. Pada domain pembelajaran, kuliah CDSS ditawarkan pada mahasiswa klinis ataupun nonklinis. Aplikasi dikembangkan dengan metode feature-driven development serta menerapkan elemen gamifikasi seperti reward, challenge, dan leaderboard menggunakan kerangka kerja MDA. Proses pengembangan dimulai dari desain keseluruhan aplikasi dan penentuan tujuan pembelajaran, dilanjutkan dengan mendesain elemen gamifikasi yang cocok ke dalam desain keseluruhan aplikasi. Aplikasi yang dibangun meliputi desain aplikasi, elemen gamifikasi, pengujian fungsionalitas, kebergunaan, dan pengalaman pengguna. Hasil akhirnya berupa suatu aplikasi Android. Pengujian fungsionalitas menggunakan pengujian black box mencapai hasil 100% kesesuaian. Uji pengguna menggunakan kuesioner system usability scale (SUS) dan user experience questionnaire (UEQ). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan skor SUS rata-rata 74,9 yang bermakna good dan skor UEQ mendapat nilai “Excellent”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan gamifikasi pada pembelajaran CDSS dapat memperkaya fitur pendukung aplikasi pembelajaran. Elemen gamifikasi seperti hadiah, tantangan, dan leaderboard diharapkan menarik minat peserta didik untuk mempelajari serta aktif berpartisipasi dalam proses belajar. Aplikasi pembelajaran CDSS berpotensi meningkatkan motivasi dan keterlibatan peserta didik serta menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaran yang menarik dan efektif untuk peserta didik dari berbagai latar belakang.

Capaian penyediaan energi nasional berbasis energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) pada 2025 yang tertuang dalam Kebijakan Energi Nasional (KEN) sampai saat ini masih jauh di bawah target. Hal ini terjadi karena energi fosil masih mendominasi pada semua sektor. Demi mewujudkan target menuju net zero emission (NZE) pada 2060, perlu adanya transisi dari energi fosil ke EBT secara sistematis dan konsisten. Pemanfaatan energi fosil, baik berasal dari dalam negeri maupun impor, diharapkan menurun dan substitusi EBT akan meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan analisis prakiraan data penyediaan energi nasional serta pemanfaatannya, yang meliputi semua sektor, yaitu rumah tangga, industri, pembangkit listrik, transportasi, dan komersial, sampai 2060 menggunakan simulasi pemodelan energi dengan skenario business as usual (BAU) dan NZE. Pemodelan tersebut dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP). LEAP merupakan model energi berbasis skenario yang terintegrasi dan digunakan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan produksi energi pada semua sektor ekonomi serta ekstraksi sumber daya energi. Hasil simulasi dengan skenario NZE menunjukkan penurunan secara drastis pemanfaatan energi fosil pada semua sektor dibanding skenario BAU, sedangkan pemanfaatan EBT naik, khususnya di sektor pembangkit. Berdasarkan simulasi tersebut, diperkirakan pada tahun 2060 kebutuhan pasokan batubara dalam negeri turun 81%, kebutuhan gas bumi turun sebesar 74%, kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) turun 87%, kebutuhan liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) turun 84%, sedangkan kebutuhan minyak bumi tidak terpengaruh. Keseluruhan penyediaan EBT dengan skenario NZE selama kurun waktu 2019-2060 diperkirakan akan mengalami kenaikan rata-rata 9% per tahun atau setara kelipatan 2,3 kali dari skenario BAU.

This research aims to analyze worked examples in mathematics learning and mathematical problem solving abilities with worked examples from the 2019-2024 period. This research uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) sourced from Google Scholar. 21 articles were collected, 15 articles related to worked examples in mathematics learning and 6 articles related to mathematical problem solving abilities using worked examples. The results obtained by using worked examples in mathematics learning can minimize students' cognitive load, help teachers teach new material concepts and deepen students' understanding of the concepts they have learned, then they can improve mathematical abilities, then worked examples are used to develop learning modules and LKPD or worksheets. Using worked examples improves mathematical problem solving abilities. Apart from that, the ability to solve problems using worked examples can be combined with other learning such as combining it with tracing gestures, differentiation and integrated worked examples

In Jamu Kiringan Tourism Village, Yogyakarta, a community service initiative addressed challenges in the herbal medicine industry, predominantly run by women. These challenges included limited raw material supply, insufficient product innovation, business licensing, halal certification, and digital marketing skills. To tackle these issues, the project employed strategies like providing and planting medical plant seeds to create independence for raw materials for herbal medicine sellers and as an additional herbal tourism attraction, product innovation training, guidance for obtaining halal certification and business permits, and digital marketing training utilizing free platforms such as Canva, Capcut, Klook, and Instagram. These measures aimed to bolster the village's herbal medicine sector, fostering innovation, quality assurance, and digital outreach, ultimately transforming it into a thriving Tourism Village.

Kabupaten Wonogiri merupakan kabupaten yang menempati urutan kelima sebagai kabupaten/kota terluas di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan area seluas kurang lebih 1800 km². Namun, pertumbuhan industri di wilayah ini belum begitu pesat sehingga perlu adanya pengembangan kawasan industri yang memenuhi standar dan arahan tata ruang wilayah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan lokasi yang sesuai untuk pengembangan kawasan industri kemudian mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya terhadap Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW). Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) serta pengambilan keputusan dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Kriteria penentuan lokasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada ketentuan dalam Peraturan Perindustrian Nomor 40/M-IND/PER/6/2016 tentang Pedoman Teknis Pembangunan Kawasan Industri. Proses analisis AHP dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai bobot masing-masing kriteria. Pembobotan dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Expert Choice 11 dan menghasilkan rasio konsistensi sebesar 0,08. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lahan seluas 1356,806 ha yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi kawasan industri. Sedangkan overlay dengan RTRW menunjukkan bahwa lahan paling potensial terletak di Kecamatan Ngadirojo dengan luas 276,756 ha dan proporsi 99,240% dari seluruh kawasan peruntukan industri di wilayah tersebut.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children globally, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income nations. Pneumonia in children has been thoroughly researched in numerous countries throughout the world. However, no research performed bibliometric analyses of pneumonia in children. This study aims to use a biometric analysis to determine trends in the number of publications, the number of citations, network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization concerning the issue of pneumonia in children. This research method employs a systematic review with stages adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. The highest publication increase occurred in 2020, with a rise of 2,739. The number of citations increases exponentially from year to year. The most cited article is "The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak," with 3,680 citations. Keywords and interest trends in pneumonia in children focus on viral pneumonia. The endeavor to perform a bibliometric analysis of pneumonia in children may be revisited in the next few years. Notably, this article only extracts data from scientific articles within the app.dimension.ai database. Further research may be conducted to add other databases and ensure a more comprehensive understanding of pneumonia in children. Keywords: bibliometric analysis, children, novelty, pneumonia, risk factor, trend Abstrak Analisis Bibliometrik Tren dan Kebaharuan Penelitian terkait Pneumonia pada Anak. Pneumonia adalah penyebab utama kematian di antara anak-anak di seluruh dunia, dengan sebagian besar kasus terjadi di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Pneumonia pada anak telah diteliti secara menyeluruh di berbagai negara di seluruh dunia. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang melakukan analisis bibliometrik terhadap pneumonia pada anak-anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bibliometrik untuk menentukan tren jumlah publikasi, jumlah kutipan, visualisasi jaringan, overlay visualization, dan visualisasi densitas terkait masalah pneumonia pada anak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan sistematis dengan tahapan yang mengikuti Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. Peningkatan publikasi tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2020, dengan peningkatan sebesar 2.739. Jumlah kutipan meningkat secara eksponensial dari tahun ke tahun. Artikel yang paling banyak dikutip adalah “Epidemiologi dan Patogenesis Wabah Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19),” dengan 3.680 kutipan. Kata kunci dan tren minat terhadap pneumonia pada anak berfokus pada pneumonia virus. Upaya untuk melakukan analisis bibliometrik pneumonia pada anak mungkin akan ditinjau kembali dalam beberapa tahun ke depan. Sebagai catatan, artikel ini hanya mengekstrak data dari artikel ilmiah dalam database app.dimension.ai. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk menambahkan database lain dan memastikan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang pneumonia pada anak-anak. Kata Kunci: anak-anak, analisis bibliometrik, faktor risiko, kebaharuan, pneumonia, tren

Penelitian ini mengkaji kepastian hukum tentang penggunaan platform digital eASY.KSEI bagi Notaris dalam pembuatan Risalah E-RUPS secara digital. Tujuan penelitiannya adalah menganalisis keabsahan akta notaris risalah E-RUPS yang dibuat menggunakan teknologi platform digital eASY.KSEI. Kemudian menganalisis pembuatan akta oleh Notaris berdasarkan dokumen elektronik yang disediakan oleh Pelaksana E-RUPS serta menganalisis akibat hukum dari akta risalah yang dibuat dengan teknologi platform digital Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif. Hasil Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keabsahan dalam pembuatan akta notaris menggunakan platform digital eASY.KSEI secara langsung tidak sah sebagai akta notariil. Hal ini dikarenakan masih ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang membatasi Notaris dan tata cara pembuatan akta autentik. Sehingga Notaris dalam membuat akta risalah E-RUPS harus menggunakan cara konvensional sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyarankan untuk POJK No 16 Tahun 2020 Tentang RUPS Perusahan Terbuka secara Elektronik (E-RUPS) untuk dibuat dalam bentuk Undang-Undang.

Despite MSMEs' crucial role in Indonesia's economy, their utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) remains restricted. This paper investigates the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, providing a comprehensive analysis of the difficulties and potential advantages. AI implementation is essential for these businesses because it may significantly enhance economic growth through improved productivity, cost reduction, and increased competitiveness. Furthermore, AI facilitates the decision-making process and fosters data-based innovation. The study investigates the correlation between competitive pressure, top management commitment, staff adaptability, perceived utility, and simplicity of use in the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. By addressing these gaps, we can enhance our comprehension of how MSMEs can utilize AI adoption as a marketing tool, thereby fostering their growth and success. The results emphasize the significance of top management commitment (TMC), employee adaptability (EA), perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) in encouraging the adoption of AI among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia.

The background of this research is that Science in Indonesia develops through institutions, not ideas, people, or instruments. This research aims to describe the institutionalization of scientific institutions in the Dutch East Indies. The historical method analyzes various resources to aid the reconstruction of the Dutch East Indies’s science institutionalization process. This research uses archives from ANRI (National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia) regarding Bataviaasch Genootschap van Wetenschappen (The Batavia Society of Arts and Science). Archives from other scientific institutions, such as Bogor and Cibodas Botanical Gardens, are also used to illustrate the institutionalization process. The findings of this research include studies on the process and the necessity to pay attention to elements such as rules, norms, cultural benefits, roles, and material resources. Institutionalizing science and technology in the Dutch East Indies underwent at least three stages: the emergence of amateur scientists from Europe, the efforts to build scientific groups, and the establishment of science institutions. This research concludes that the first two stages were outside the bureaucratic channels of the colonial government. However, in the third stage, scientists needed help to escape the role of the colonial bureaucracy in developing these scientific institutions. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Wetenschappen, founded in 1778, was a private organization studying commerce, agriculture, and humanities. It played a significant role in encouraging various other research institutions

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a disease caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery wall as a result of the atherosclerosis process. Atherosclerosis plays an important role from the beginning of plaque formation until plaque rupture which causes blood clots. Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are one of the major risk factors for CHD. In patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, there was an altered lipid profile which led to endothelial damage that caused the formation of atherosclerosis. HDL cholesterol labeled as good cholesterol was decreased due to uncontrolled LDL cholesterol labeled as bad cholesterol. LDL cholesterol synthesis process was disrupted then causing plaque formation in the arteries which causes CHD. Aim: The aim of this study was to analysis correlation between HbA1c levels, triglyceride levels, HDL levels and the degree of stenosis in coronary heart disease sufferers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was an observational cross-sectional analytical study with total of 51 patients with CHD who underwent cardiac catheterization at Telogorejo Hospital. Semarang. The correlation test in this study using the Spearman test with p

Brian K Kirui,1 Ailiana Santosa,1 Huiqi Li,1 Lowie EGW Vanfleteren,2,3 Caroline Stridsman,4 Fredrik Nyberg1 1School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 4Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/The OLIN-Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenCorrespondence: Brian K Kirui, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden, Email brian.kirui@gu.seIntroduction: Assessing COVID-19 risk in asthma patients is challenging due to disease heterogeneity and complexity. We hypothesized that potential risk factors for COVID-19 may differ among asthma age groups, hindering important insights when studied together.Methods: We included a population-based cohort of asthma patients from the Swedish National Airway Register (SNAR) and linked to data from several national health registers. COVID-19 outcomes included infection, hospitalization, and death from Jan 2020 until Feb 2021. Asthma patients were grouped by ages 12– 17, 18– 39, 40– 64, and ≥ 65 years. Characteristics of asthma patients with different COVID-19 outcomes were compared with those in their age-corresponding respective source population.Results: Among 201,140 asthma patients studied, 11.2% were aged 12– 17 years, 26.4% 18– 39, 37.6% 40– 64, and 24.9% ≥ 65 years. We observed 18,048 (9.0%) COVID-19 infections, 2172 (1.1%) hospitalizations, and 336 (0.2%) COVID-19 deaths. Deaths occurred only among patients aged ≥ 40. When comparing COVID-19 cases to source asthma populations by age, large differences in potential risk factors emerged, mostly for COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. For ages 12– 17, these included education, employment, autoimmune, psychiatric, and depressive conditions, and use of short-acting β-agonists (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). In the 18– 39 age group, largest differences were for age, marital status, respiratory failure, anxiety, and body mass index. Ages 40– 64 displayed notable differences for sex, birth region, cancer, oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and smoking. For those aged ≥ 65, largest differences were observed for cardiovascular comorbidities, type 1 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic conditions, and specific asthma treatments (ICS-SABA, ICS-long-acting bronchodilators (LABA)). Asthma control and lung function were important across all age groups.Conclusion: We identify distinct differences in COVID-19-related risk factors among asthma patients of different ages. This information is essential for assessing COVID-19 risk in asthma patients and for tailoring patient care and public health strategies accordingly.Plain language summary: Why was the study done?Asthma patients may be more susceptible to COVID-19 outcomes. Asthma affects all ages, and COVID-19-related risk factors may vary with age. Investigating factors that contribute to COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality within distinct age groups of asthma patients can yield a more comprehensive understanding of the age-specific nuances of COVID-19 risk.What did the researchers do and find?We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, prescribed medications, and clinical characteristics of asthma patients with COVID-19 in different age groups and compared them with their age-corresponding source asthma populations.Potential risk factors for COVID-19 and its outcomes differed by age group For ages 12-17, these included education, employment, autoimmune, psychiatric, and depressive conditions, and use of short-acting β-agonists (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). In the 18-39 age group, largest differences were for age, marital status, respiratory failure, anxiety, and body mass index. Ages 40-64 displayed notable differences for sex, birth region, cancer, oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and smoking. For those aged ≥ 65, largest differences were observed for cardiovascular comorbidities, type 1 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic asthma, and specific asthma treatments (ICS-SABA, ICS-long-acting bronchodilators (LABA)). Asthma control and lung function were important across all age groups.What do these results mean?These results emphasize the importance of recognizing age-specific patterns contributing to COVID-19 risk for consideration in causal analyses. The findings also highlight the necessity for age-specific approaches in both clinical and public health interventions in managing COVID-19 in asthma patients.Keywords: asthma, COVID-19, population-based, register-study, risk factors

Litopenaeus vannamei, a highly adaptable shrimp species known for its growth, thrives in environmental conditions with proper water quality. However, salinity stress poses a significant challenge, compromising shrimp survival and growth. To optimize shrimp feed, the inclusion of alginate and Spirulina sp. offers benefits such as enhanced growth and resistance to environmental stress. This research aims to assess the impact of adding Spirulina sp., alginate, and their combination on the survival rate, resistance to the salinity shock test, and growth of L. vannamei. In this study, a completely randomized design (CRD) method with nine different feed doses was used. The treatments included control, supplementation of Alg 1 (alginate 1 g/kg feed), Alg 3 (alginate 3 g/kg feed), Alg 5 (alginate 5 g/kg feed), Sp 3 (spirulina 3 mg/kg feed), Sp 6 (spirulina 6 mg/kg feed), Sp 9 (spirulina 9 mg/kg feed), AS 1+1 (alginate 1 g/kg feed + spirulina 1 mg/kg feed), AS 2+3 (alginate 2 g/kg feed + spirulina 3 mg/kg feed), and AS 3+5 (alginate 3 g/kg feed + spirulina 5 mg/kg feed). The supplementation of feed was given during the fourteen-day rearing period. The results of the study show that the supplementation of Sp 9 (spirulina 9 mg/kg feed) led to a significant growth (α = 0.05). All treatments supplemented with alginate and/or Spirulina sp. water extract had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on the resistance to the salinity shock test. The different treatments in L. vannamei feed supplementation significantly influenced (α = 0.05) shrimp survival. Polysaccharides and antioxidant properties in alginate and Spirulina sp. have an important role in increasing the growth and resistance to salinity shock of L. vannamei.

This study aims to determine the increase in production capacity through genetic quality improvement using selection techniques with the production capability test method in Tegal ducks. The research was conducted using an experimental method, using a nested pattern experimental design, male as treatment, female as sub-treatment, offspring as replicates, and production characteristics as observations. The selection population of Tegal ducks consisted of 10 males, 50 females, and their offspring. Production characteristics recorded included egg weight, hatching weight, and egg production. Egg production measured was Hen Day Production (HDP) at the initial laying period for 90 days. Assessment of genetic quality using individual breeding values (BV). Each individual's breeding value is calculated, and then the estimated breeding value (EBV) results are arranged based on their rank. Selection of parent candidates is done by maintaining 25, 50, and 75% of the total population. Selection results are obtained by estimating the selection response using different selection intensities. The results showed that the average and standard deviation of the characteristics of egg weight, hatching weight, and percentage of egg production in Tegal ducks were 67.76 ± 4.57 g, 40.40 ± 2.16 g, and 63.33 ± 10.89 %, respectively. Heritability values (h2) and standard error of egg weight characteristics, hatching weight, and percentage of egg production in Tegal ducks were 0.47 ± 0.032, 0.39 ± 0.0589, and 0.512 ± 0.071, respectively. The assessment for selection response was conducted based on three factors - egg weight, hatching weight, and percentage of egg production each week. The proportions were maintained at 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. The egg weight proportions were 0.46, 0.29, and 0.15, while the hatching weight proportions were 0.71, 0.45, and 0.23, respectively. The percentage of egg production each week was 47.92%, 30.18%, and 15.85%, respectively. The study’s results revealed that the intensity of selection and selection response of the Tegal duck were higher when smaller proportions were used in the selection process. It should be noted that the production characteristics used in the selection process were different, which resulted in varying heritability values and selection responses. Overall, these findings suggest that careful consideration of the selection factors is necessary to achieve optimal results in the selection process of the Tegal duck

Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) has helped develop the education sector since the COVID-19 pandemic, though it causes low retention. This study used a systematic literature review method to analyze the factors affecting the retention level of MOOCs participants in developing countries and worldwide. A total of 89 publications in the Scopus journal during 2015-2021 and 26 published in developing countries were examined. The results showed that the factors affecting the retention level of MOOCs' participants include perceived ease of use, usefulness, social influence, and self-efficacy. However, motivation was an insignificant factor in developing countries despite being significant worldwide. Infrastructure was an internal factor for the retention level among participants, though this study can be further expanded using better methods.

This research study seeks to examine the shift in politeness methods employed by Javanese woman characters in the English translation of Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Indonesian novel Gadis Pantai. The original Indonesian version and its English translation were used to collect the data. As the politeness strategies of Javanese woman characters in the Indonesian novel 'Gadis Pantai' carry pragmatic meaning and cultural reflection in that they reveal how they communicate in particular circumstances of various relations of power, distance, and imposition, the shifts of politeness strategies in the English translation undermine their original intention and their intended cultural representation that constructs the character of the Javanese women in the novel. This study aims to elucidate the types of politeness strategy modifications observed in the translation and to explain the effect of these shifts on the novel's Javanese lady characters. In classifying and analyzing the data, the researcher utilized Brown & Levinson's taxonomy of politeness super-strategies and associated sub-strategies. Three individuals were validators for categorizing politeness tactics and their shift mapping in this study. The study indicated that out of 529 total translated utterances that contain politeness methods, 205 utterances undergo a shift. The shifts include the substitution of one super-strategy for another in the translation, substituting one sub-strategy for another of the same super-strategy, and substituting one sub-strategy for another of different super-strategies, and the omission of the politeness strategies in the translation. Negative politeness with the 'giving deference' sub-type becomes the most frequently shifting super-strategy and sub-strategy. This is because the concept of reverence that the Javanese woman characters use in the discourse is foreign to the target language's culture.

English textbooks play a pivotal role as the primary sources of English input for Indonesian students. Hence, this textbook analysis study aimed to investigate the conformity of English textbooks' reading materials to the K-13's genre-based materials. Also. It aimed to evaluate the quality of reading material presentation in the English textbooks in support of English acquisition as informed by the comprehensible input theory. The analysis framework was designed resting upon the systemic functional linguistic theory. The analysis incorporated five English textbooks designed for senior high school students in Indonesia as the analysis objects. Thirty reading passages were selected purposively from the five textbooks as the representatives of analysis objects. The study's trustworthiness was maintained seriously. The findings demonstrated that the English textbooks' reading materials, in general, were aligned with those of the K-13. Nevertheless, the textbooks presented few text types not recommended by the K-13 manual, and one compulsory text type was absent. This study endorsed the comprehensible input theory to provide a positive and constructive criticism to English textbook developers in order to make proper revisions of the materials supporting students' ease of English acquisition and teachers' ease of material delivery. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future's research are given in the end.

Economical production of lignin-based jet fuel (LJF) can improve the sustainability of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) as well as can reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions. However, the challenge lies in converting technical lignin polymer from biorefinery directly to jet fuel in a continuous operation. In this work, we demonstrate a simultaneous depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SDHDO) process to produce lignin-based jet fuel from the alkali corn stover lignin (ACSL) using engineered Ru-HY-60-MI catalyst in a continuous flow reactor, for the first time. The maximum carbon yield of LJF of 17.9 wt% was obtained, and it comprised of 60.2 wt% monocycloalkanes, and 21.6 wt% polycycloalkanes. Catalyst characterization of Ru-HY-60-MI suggested there was no significant change in HY zeolite structure and its crystallinity after catalyst engineering. Catalyst characterizations performed post the SDHDO experiments indicate presence of carbon and K content in the catalyst. K content presence in the spent catalyst was due to K+ ion was exchanged between lignin solution and HY-60 while carbon presence validated the SDHDO chemistry on the catalyst surface. Tier α fuel property testing indicates that LJF production using SDHDO chemistry can produce SAF with high compatibility, good sealing properties, low emissions, and high energy density for aircraft.

Introduction: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been performed in various positions, including prone position and several modifications of supine position. The Barts flank-free modified supine (FFMS) position is a newly enhanced version of the supine positions. This study aims to compare the outcomes of Barts FFMS and prone position in PCNL. Methods: This study followed PRISMA 2020 guideline and was registered to PROSPERO CRD42024530426. Comprehensive search in PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Scopus was conducted until May 2024. Stone-free rates, complications, surgery duration, fluoroscopy duration, use of nephrostomy, and length of stay were collected. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.4. Results: A total of 4 studies were included in this review. There was no significant difference in stone-free rates between Barts FFMS and prone positions (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.64-1.95, p = 0.70). There were no significant difference in incidence of fever (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.38-2.18, p = 0.84), need for blood transfusion (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.11-1.88, p = 0.28), and urine leakage (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.16-1.05, p = 0.06). The surgery duration was significantly shorter in Barts FFMS position than in prone position (MD = -15.48, 95% CI [(-26.42)-(-4.55)], p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in patients requiring nephrostomy (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.01-3.75, p = 0.28). There were no significant difference in fluoroscopy duration (MD = 0.27, 95% CI [(-6.85)-7.40], p = 0.94) and the length of hospital stay (MD = -0.20, 95% CI [(-0.74)-0.33], p = 0.46). Conclusions: The surgery duration was significantly shorter in Barts FFMS position than in prone position. There were no significant differences regarding stone-free rates, complications, fluoroscopy duration, use of nephrostomy, and length of hospital stay. This indicates that neither Barts FFMS nor prone position is superior, and the choice should be based on the surgeon's preference and the patient's clinical status.

Background: This study determined pooled estimates of short- and long-term complications of early versus delayed implantation of penile prosthesis in patients with ischemic priapism. Methods: We searched Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOHost, and other sources from January 1, 2013, to March 2023. All study designs were included except animal studies, review articles, and consensus documents. Of the 214 articles, four studies were included in the systematic review, and further meta-analysis included three studies (PROSPERO CRD42023411005). Results: The short-term complication rate was lower with early implantation than with later implantation (β= -2.08; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = -3.54, -0.6; p = < 0.05). A similar value was also found in the pooled analysis for long-term outcomes, defined as overall satisfaction rate, which is better with early implantation than later (β = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.35, 3.02; p= < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the pooled analysis confirmed that short-term complications were significantly lower with early implantation than with delayed implantation. Overall satisfaction rates were higher in early implantation than in delayed implantation of penile prostheses.

This study aims to develop factors and indicators of aspects that shape nurses' quality of life. It was conducted using a cross-sectional design, while the population consisted of nurses working in the inpatient ward totaling 915. The sample size was determined by the rule of thumb criteria which produced 270 nurses. The samples were selected using the simple random sampling technique, while data was collected with a questionnaire that had been tested for its validity and reliability. The endogenous variable hypothesis test was carried out by SEM-PLS analysis. The results showed that health aspects affect nurses' quality of life, as physical health sharpens engagement in professional activities and social relationships. Spiritual influence on nurses' quality of life, as well as the ability to withstand stress, anxiety, and depression, depend on the value of trust in God. Furthermore, the workplace standard affects the quality of life, while job satisfaction influences the achievement of welfare. The work environment is the main stressor for workers about job satisfaction and self-actualization. The Indonesian government needs to formulate policies to support work environment management in health service agencies, as well as facilitate the Indonesian Nurses Association to improve nurses' quality of life and increase their competence.

BackgroundThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of atherectomy followed by drug-coated balloon angioplasty (A-DCB) in comparison with drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty alone for the treatment of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD).MethodsSystematic literature search was performed using several online databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Europe PMC, and ScienceDirect databases from inception until February 21st, 2024. We included all studies comprised three main variables including A-DCB, DCB, and LEAD. The primary outcomes were primary patency and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Whereas secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, post-procedural complications, and clinical characteristics.ResultsA total of 15 studies (10 cohort studies and 5 randomized controlled trials studies) consisting of 1,385 participants with mean age 68.7 ± 8.9 were included. In comparison with DCB alone, A-DCB was significantly associated with a higher risk of primary patency [RR = 1.16 (95% CI = 1.07–1.26); P